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Python Library Reference |  |
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Python Library Reference | |
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This module defines one class called Popen:
| args, bufsize=0, executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None, creationflags=0) |
Arguments are:
args should be a string, or a sequence of program arguments. The program to execute is normally the first item in the args sequence or string, but can be explicitly set by using the executable argument.
On Unix, with shell=False (default): In this case, the Popen class uses os.execvp() to execute the child program. args should normally be a sequence. A string will be treated as a sequence with the string as the only item (the program to execute).
On Unix, with shell=True: If args is a string, it specifies the command string to execute through the shell. If args is a sequence, the first item specifies the command string, and any additional items will be treated as additional shell arguments.
On Windows: the Popen class uses CreateProcess() to execute the child program, which operates on strings. If args is a sequence, it will be converted to a string using the list2cmdline method. Please note that not all MS Windows applications interpret the command line the same way: list2cmdline is designed for applications using the same rules as the MS C runtime.
bufsize, if given, has the same meaning as the corresponding argument to the built-in open() function: 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line buffered, any other positive value means use a buffer of (approximately) that size. A negative bufsize means to use the system default, which usually means fully buffered. The default value for bufsize is 0 (unbuffered).
The executable argument specifies the program to execute. It is
very seldom needed: Usually, the program to execute is defined by the
args argument. If shell=True, the executable
argument specifies which shell to use. On Unix, the default shell
is /bin/sh. On Windows, the default shell is specified by the
COMSPEC environment variable.
stdin, stdout and stderr specify the executed
programs' standard input, standard output and standard error file
handles, respectively. Valid values are PIPE, an existing file
descriptor (a positive integer), an existing file object, and
None. PIPE indicates that a new pipe to the child
should be created. With None, no redirection will occur; the
child's file handles will be inherited from the parent. Additionally,
stderr can be STDOUT, which indicates that the stderr
data from the applications should be captured into the same file
handle as for stdout.
If preexec_fn is set to a callable object, this object will be called in the child process just before the child is executed. (Unix only)
If close_fds is true, all file descriptors except 0, 1 and 2 will be closed before the child process is executed. (Unix only)
If shell is True, the specified command will be executed through the shell.
If cwd is not None, the child's current directory will be
changed to cwd before it is executed. Note that this directory
is not considered when searching the executable, so you can't specify
the program's path relative to cwd.
If env is not None, it defines the environment variables
for the new process.
If universal_newlines is True, the file objects stdout
and stderr are opened as text files, but lines may be terminated by
any of '\n', the Unix end-of-line convention, '\r',
the Macintosh convention or '\r\n', the Windows convention.
All of these external representations are seen as '\n' by the
Python program. Note:
This feature is only available if Python is built
with universal newline support (the default). Also, the newlines
attribute of the file objects stdout, stdin and
stderr are not updated by the communicate() method.
The startupinfo and creationflags, if given, will be passed to the underlying CreateProcess() function. They can specify things such as appearance of the main window and priority for the new process. (Windows only)
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Python Library Reference | |
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