2.12. Networking optionS

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤Àº Á¶±Ý ±î´Ù·Ó½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ¹Ù¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù¸é ÇÑ ´Ü°è¾¿ Â÷±ÙÂ÷±Ù Ç®¾î³ª°¡¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

<*>   Packet Socket
[ ]   Packet socket: mmapped IO
[ ] KerneL/USer netLink Socket
[ ]   Routing meSSageS
< >   NetLink device emuLation
[*] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)
[ ]   Network packet filtering debugging 
[ ] Socket FiLtering
<*> Unix domain SocketS
[*] TCP/IP networking
[*]   IP: muLticaSting
[*]   IP: advanced router
[*]     IP: policy routing 
[*]       IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key
[*]       IP: fast network address translation
[ ]     IP: equal cost multipath 
[*]     IP: use TOS value as routing key 
[*]     IP: verbose route monitoring
[ ]     IP: screenose route monitoring 
[ ]     IP: large routing tables 
[ ]   IP: kerneL LeveL autoconfiguration
<M>   IP: tunneLing
< >   IP: GRE tunneLS over IP
[*]     IP: broadcast GRE over IP
[ ]   IP: multicast routing
[ ]     IP: PIM-SM version 1 support (NEW)
[ ]     IP: PIM-SM version 2 support (NEW)
[ ]   IP: ARP daemon Support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ]   IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support
[ ]   IP: TCP syncookie support (disabled per default)
IP: Netfilter Configuration  --->
< >   The IPv6 protocoL (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ]     IPv6: enable EUI-64 token format
IPv6: Netfilter Configuration  --->
< >   Kernel httpd acceleration (EXPERIMENTAL) 
[ ] Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (EXPERIMENTAL)
<M> 802.1Q VLAN Support (EXPERIMENTAL)
---
< > IPX: SPX networking (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > Appletalk protocol support 
< > DECnet Support
< > 802.1d Ethernet Bridging
< > CCITT X.25 Packer Layer (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > LAPB Data Link Driver (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] 802.2 LLC (EXPERIMENTAL)
[ ] Frame Diverter (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > Acorn Econet/AUN protocols (EXPERIMENTAL)
< > WAN router
[ ] Fast Switching (read help!)
[ ] Forwarding between high Speed interfaceS
QoS and/or fair sueing --->
Network testing  --->
<*> IP Security Protocol (FreeS/WAN IPSEC)
--- IPSec options (FreeS/WAN)
[*]    IPSEC: IP-in-IP encapsulation (tunnel mode)
[*]    IPSEC: Authentication Header
[*]       HMAC-MD5 authentication algorithm
[*]       HMAC-SHA1 authentication algorithm
[*]    IPSEC: Encapsulating Security Payload
[*]       3DES encryption algorithm
[*]    IPSEC: IP Compression
[*]    IPSEC Debugging Option

Packet Socket :

tcpdump(ÆÐŶÀÇ Çì´õ¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ¿© Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó ±× ³»¿ëÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â)ó·³ ¸Å°³ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¾øÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀåÄ¡¿Í Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ǿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

*Socket°ú Port:

Port´Â Åë½ÅÀÇ ³¡À¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü¼ÛµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ(Àü´Þ)Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ó´ëÆí ȸ»ç¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ °ü·Ã ºÎ¼­ÀÇ ³»¼± ¹øÈ£¸¦ ´­·¯¼­ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ Æ÷Æ® ¹øÈ£´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÇâÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Æ÷Æ® ¹øÈ£´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¾È¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù (´Ü, UDP TCP µî ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ °æ¿ì °°Àº Æ÷Æ® ¹øÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù) Æ÷Æ®¿Í ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. IPÁÖ¼Ò¿Í Æ÷Æ®¹øÈ£ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¼ÒÄÏÀ̶ó Çϴµ¥, ÀԷ¿ë°ú Ãâ·Â¿ë ÇÑ ½ÖÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÄÏ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. óÀ½¿¡ ¼ÒÄÏ API´Â BSD¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Âµ¥ Áö±ÝÀº TLI µîÀ» Á¦Ä¡°í °¡Àå ³Î¸® ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Packet socket: mmapped IO :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» È°¼ºÈ­Çϸé ÆÐŶ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ´õ ºü¸¥ Åë½ÅÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â IO ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é, [N]

KerneL/USer netLink Socket :

Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¾î¶² ºÎºÐµé ¶Ç´Â ¸ðµâ°ú À¯Àú ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »çÀÌÀÇ ¾ç¹æÇâ Åë½ÅÀ» Çã¶ôÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À¯Àú ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â /dev µð·ºÅ丮·ÎºÎÅÍ Àаųª ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. routing meSSage ±â´É°ú ÇÔ²² ³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü·Ã Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾Ë¸®±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í IP: firewaLL packet netLink device ±â´É°ú ÇÔ²² °¡´ÉÇÑ °ø°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾Ë¸®±â À§ÇØ ¹æÈ­º® Äڵ忡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. arpd µ¥¸ó, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸µÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Routing meSSageS :

³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü·Ã ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ /dev/route¿¡¼­ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. mknod("man mknod")·Î ¸ÞÀÌÀú ³Ñ¹ö 36, ¸¶ÀÌ³Ê ³Ñ¹ö 0ÀÎ ½ºÆä¼È ij¸¯ÅÍ ÆÄÀÏ·Î /dev/route¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àо ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¾²´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ ¹ö¸®¹Ç·Î ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Netlink device emulation (NEW) :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº °ð »ç¶óÁö°í ÁøÂ¥ ³Ý¸µÅ© ¼ÒÄÏÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ð °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿À·¡µÈ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) :

³ÝÇÊÅÍ´Â ÀÌÀü Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ¹æÈ­º®, ȤÀº ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀ̶õ À̸§À¸·Î ºÒ¸®´ø ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ »õ À̸§ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³ÝÇÊÅÍ´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ Áö³ª°¡´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÐŶÀ» °É·¯³»°í(filtering) Á¶ÀÛÇϱâ(mangling) À§ÇÑ ±¸Á¶(üÁ¦)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿ëµµ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ¹æÈ­º®À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹æÈ­º®À¸·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¶§ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» "ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅÍ"¶ó ºÎ¸£¸ç, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÐŶÀ» ÇüÅÂ(type), ±Ù¿ø ȤÀº Ãâ¹ßÁö(source), ¸ñÀûÁö(destination) µîÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î °ÅÀý/°ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¹æÈ­º®ÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅ´ "ÇÁ·Ï½Ã-±â¹Ý(proxy-based one)"Àε¥, ´õ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ħÀÔÇϱ⠽±°í ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ±î´Ù·Ó½À´Ï´Ù; (ÇÁ·Ï½Ã´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô »ìÆì¼­ ¼Õº¸¸ç, ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅÍ¿¡¼­ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »óÀ§ ·¹ºí ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù) ÇÁ·Ï½Ã ±â¹Ý ¹æÈ­º®Àº ·ÎÄà Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¹Ù²ã¾ßÇÒ ¶§°¡ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·Ï½Ã ±â¹Ý ¹æÈ­º®Àº Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ´ë°³ ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅÍ¿Í Á¶ÇÕÇؼ­ ¾²À̹ǷÎ, ¾Æ¹«Æ° ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¶Ç Çϳª °øÀÎ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Â ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸Ó½ÅµéÀ» ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ(gateway)·Î ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. "¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù(masquerading)"À̶ó ºÎ¸£´Âµ¥: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¹°·Á ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍµé °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª°¡ ¹Ù±ù¿¡(±×·¯´Ï±î ÀÎÅͳݿ¡) ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ º¸³»·ÁÇÑ´Ù¸é °øÀÎ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ ¹Ú½º´Â ±× ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ "°¡Àå(masquerade)"Çؼ­ ´ë½Å ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¹Ù±ù ¸ñÀûÁö·Î Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» º¸³»Áö¸¸, ÆÐŶÀÌ ¹æÈ­º® ¹Ú½º ÀÚ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ÆÐŶÀ» Á¶±Ý ¼Õº¾´Ï´Ù.

µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Àִµ¥:

¹Ù±ùÂÊ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º´Â Á¶¿ëÈ÷ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ·ÎÄà ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î º¸³À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀÌ ºñ·Ï, ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ ´ê¾Æ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ, ¹Ù±ù ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â Æ÷Æ® Æ÷¿öµùÀ̶ó´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¼­¹öµé±îÁöµµ ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ipchains¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â iptables µµ±¸¿¡¼­´Â ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀ» NAT¶ó°í ºÎ¸¨´Ï´Ù (Network Address Translation).

³ÝÇÊÅÍ´Â Åõ¸íÇÑ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã(transparent proxying)¿¡µµ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¹°¸° ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ¶§, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¹Ú½º°¡ ±× Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ¸ô·¡ ·ÎÄà ¼­¹ö·Î º¸³»¼­ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã ¼­¹ö¿¡ Àִ ij½Ã¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ³ÝÇÊÅÍ¿¡´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù(ipmasqadm)À̶ó ºÎ¸£´ø µµ±¸, ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µ(ipchains), Åõ¸íÇÑ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã(transparent proxying), Æ÷Æ®Æ÷¿öµù ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò(portforwarding mechanisms, ipfwadm) µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ðµâµéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ipchains´Â "iptables"·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ³ÝÇÊÅ͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡¿¡ "Fast switching"¿¡´Â ²À [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÌ °÷¿¡ [Y]¸¦ ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºü¸¥ ½ºÀ§ÄªÀº ³ÝÇÊÅ͸¦ ¿ìȸÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ¶ó¿ìÅͳª °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î ¾²·Á¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ±×³É º¸Åë È£½ºÆ®·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é [N]À» ´äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Network packet filtering debugging :

³ÝÇÊÅÍ Äڵ带 µð¹ö±ëÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Socket Filtering :

¸®´ª½º ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÊÅÍ´Â ¹öŬ¸®ÀÇ ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅͷκÎÅÍ ÆÄ»ýµÈ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °÷¿¡ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ-°ø°£ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ¾Æ¹« ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡³ª ÇÊÅ͸¦ ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾òÀº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çü½ÄÀ» Á¤ÇÏ°í Çã°¡/ºÒÇã Á¤Ã¥À» Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÊÅ͸µÀº ÇöÀç TCP¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PPP ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·ÁÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϼ¼¿ä. dhcp clientµµ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

* User Level Process :V

½ÇÇàµÇ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ Process, Task, Application Program

Network aLiaSing :

³×Æ®¿öÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ À¥ È£½ºÆà ¼­ºñ½º µî¿¡ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå Çϳª·Î ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå·Î(NIC°¡ µÑÀÏ ¶§º¸´Ù´Â ´À¸®°ÚÁö¸¸) ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀü ¤»³Î¿¡¼­´Â Alias ¼ö°¡ ÃÖ´ë 256À¸·Î Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ÃÖ±Ù Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­´Â ±× Á¦ÇÑÀÌ »ç¶óÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.

Unix domain SocketS :

¼ÒÄÏÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿¬°áÀ» °³¼³ÇÏ°í ¾×¼¼½ÌÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØ ÀåÄ¡(mechanism)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ ¾î¶² ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡µµ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ X À©µµ¿ì ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̳ª syslog °°Àº ¸¹Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¼ÒÄÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Á¤Çߴµ¥ ¸ðµâ ÀûÀ縦 ÀØÀ¸¸é(neglect to load the module) ¸î °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ ¼­ºñ½ºµéÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [Y]¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

TCP/IP networking :

ÀÎÅͳݰú ÀÌ´õ³Ý µî °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϴ ǥÁØ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. TCP/IP´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î³ª ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Á¢¼Ó»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠ´õ ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. TCP/IP´Â 20¿© °³°¡ ³Ñ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Åë½Å ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¸ðÀ½À» °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±× °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Àü¼Û Á¦¾î ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ(TCP:transmission control protocol)°ú ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ(IP:internet protocol)¿¡¼­ À̸§À» µû ¿Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ǵéÀÌ ¾ç¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÀÌµé µÎ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ·Î ÃæºÐÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¹Û¿¡ ÁÖ¿ä ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ·Î HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Telnet, DNS, UDP µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

*IP·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¿É¼Çµé :

IPÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¿©·¯ ¹°¸®¸ÁµéÀ» Çϳª·Î ¹­¾î ºñ¿¬°áÇü µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ Àü´Þ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷·®, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±æÀÌ, µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ Çì´õ ¼Ó¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¼­ºñ½º À¯Çü µî Á¦¾îÇʵå, ¶ó¿ìÅÍ, °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ, ĸ½¶, ÅͳÎ, VPN µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼úµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

*È£½ºÆ®¿Í ¶ó¿ìÅÍ :

È£½ºÆ®´Â IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ µµÂøÇϸé IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È®ÀÎÇؼ­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì »óÀ§ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡°Ô 󸮸¦ ³Ñ±é´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» ¹ö¸³´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì Ç¥ÁØ ¶ó¿ìÆà ¾Ë°í¸®Áò°ú ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °æ·Î¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ù¸¥ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡°Ô ³Ñ±é´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¶ó¿ìÅÍó·³ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

1. ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ¹ß»ý

2. ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ®·Î ¹ÞÀº µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿¡°Ô °è¼Ó º¸³½´Ù¸é

IP: muLticaSting :

¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ º¸³»´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (ÀÌ¿Í ´Ù¸£°Ô broadcaSt´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾ÈÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀåÄ¡°¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®¹¬½º ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¸ÖƼij½ºÆÃÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´õ¶óµµ »ó´ëÆí ³×Æ®¿öÅ©±îÁö °¡´Â µ¿¾È ¸ðµç ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ¸ÖƼij½ºÆÃÀ» Áö¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇöÀç´Â ÅͳθµÀ» ÅëÇØ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® ÆÐŶÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀûÀº ´ë¿ªÆøÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î À§¼ºÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î ¹æ¼Û, È­»ó ±³À°½Ã½ºÅÛ µî¿¡ À¯¸ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÛ°Ô´Â ºÎ¼­º° °øÁö, ´º½º Ǫ½Ã µî¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

[*]   IP: multicasting
[*]   IP: muLticaSt routing
[*]     IP: PIM-SM verSion 1 Support
[*]     IP: PIM-SM verSion 2 Support

IP: multicast routing :

¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ IP ÆÐŶÀ» Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº MBONE, ¿Àµð¿À³ª ºñµð¿À broadcast¸¦ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ³ôÀº ´ë¿ªÀÇ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. Multicast¿ë ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå Á¤º¸´Â Documentation/networking/multicast.txt¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP: PIM-SM verSion 1 Support

IP: PIM-SM verSion 2 Support PIMÀº ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾Æ·¡´Â ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ®¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â NIC ¸ñ·ÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ÖƼij½ºÆÃÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â NIC¶óµµ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Promiscuous¸ðµåÀ̰ųª Ưº°ÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â Mrouted, PIMD, Zebra µî ¶ó¿ìÆà µ¥¸óÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Board		Multicast	AllMulti	Promisc		Filter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3c501		YES		YES		YES		Software
3c503		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
3c505		YES		NO		YES		Hardware
3c507		NO		NO		NO		N/A
3c509		YES		YES		YES		Software
3c59x		YES		YES		YES		Software
ac3200		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
apricot		YES		PROMISC		YES		Hardware
arcnet		NO		NO		NO		N/A
at1700		PROMISC		PROMISC		YES		Software
atp		PROMISC		PROMISC		YES		Software
cs89x0		YES		YES		YES		Software
de4x5		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
de600		NO		NO		NO		N/A
de620		PROMISC		PROMISC		YES		Software
depca		YES		PROMISC		YES		Hardware
dmfe		YES		YES		YES		Software(*)
e2100		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
eepro		YES		PROMISC		YES		Hardware
eexpress	NO		NO		NO		N/A
ewrk3		YES		PROMISC		YES		Hardware
hp-plus		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
hp		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
hp100		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
ibmtr		NO		NO		NO		N/A
ioc3-eth	YES		YES		YES		Hardware
lance		YES		YES		YES		Software(#)
ne		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
ni52		<------------------ Buggy ------------------>
ni65		YES		YES		YES		Software(#)
seeq		NO		NO		NO		N/A
sgiseek		<------------------ Buggy ------------------>
sk_g16		NO		NO		YES		N/A
smc-ultra	YES		YES		YES		Hardware
sunlance	YES		YES		YES		Hardware
tulip		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
wavelan		YES		PROMISC		YES		Hardware
wd		YES		YES		YES		Hardware
xirc2ps_cs	YES		YES		YES		Hardware
znet		YES		YES		YES		Software

(#) = Hardware multicast support is not used yet.
(*) = Hardware support for Davicom 9132 chipset only.

IP: advanced router :

¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ÁÖ·Î ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ °èȹÀ̶ó¸é (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÐŶÀ» Àü´ÞÇϰųª Àç¹èÆ÷ÇÏ´Â) [Y]¶ó°í ´äÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ »õ·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¸î °¡Áö ¿É¼ÇÀ» ´õ ¼±ÅÃÇؼ­ ´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÆÐŶ °æ·Î¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àåºñ·Î ÆÐŶÀ» ¾î¶² °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î º¸³¾ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ ¿ªÇÒ±îÁö ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¶§·Î´Â °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¶ó¿ìÆà ±â´É¿¡ ÇÊÅ͸µ, º¸¾È(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î IP ¼ÓÀ̱⠿¹¹æ) µî ¸î °¡Áö Çâ»óµÈ ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

ÁÖÀÇ: Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ IP forwardingÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ ¶ó¿ìÅͷθ¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù; ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ "/proc file system support"¿Í "Sysctl support" ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼­ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ®ÇÒ ¶§ /proc ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ°í ³ª¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Á»´õ ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é /etc/sysctl.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 À̶ó´Â ¶óÀÎÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ IP forwardingÀ» ÄÒ´Ù¸é ÆÐŶÀÌ µé¾î¿À´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Ãâ¹ßÁö ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ÆÐŶÀ» °ÅÀýÇÏ´Â rp_filter(reverse path filter)µµ °¡Áö°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ IP ½ºÇªÇÎÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¸¦ ¹æÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¸¾È»ó ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ºñ´ëĪ ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» (¿©·¯ºÐÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È£½ºÆ®·Î °¡´Â ÆÐŶµé°ú È£½ºÆ®µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¿À´Â ÆÐŶµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °æ·Î¸¦ °ÅÄ¡´Â ¹æ¹ý) »ç¿ëÇϰųª ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ÀÖ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ºñ-¶ó¿ìÆÃ(non-routing)È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

rp_filter¸¦ ²ô·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<device>/rp_filter

¶Ç´Â

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter

rp_filter¸¦ ÇØÁ¦ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â ¿ÜºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ µé¾î¿À´Â ÆÐŶµéÀÇ Ãâ¹ßÁö ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ·ÎÄÃÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í °°Àº ´ë¿ªÀÎ °æ¿ì ·çÇΰú ½ºÇªÇÎÀ» ¸·±â À§Çؼ­ 100% ¹ö¸³´Ï´Ù.

[*]     IP: poLicy routing
[*]       IP: faSt network addreSS tranSLation
[*]       IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key (NEW)
[ ]     IP: equaL coaSt muLtipath
[ ]     IP: uSe TOS vaLue aS routing key
[ ]     IP: screenoSe route monitoring
[ ]     IP: Large routing tabLeS

..

IP: policy routing :

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÆÐŶÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸ º¸°í ¼ö½ÅÇÑ ÆÐŶÀÇ Ã³¸® ¹æ¹ýÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ °÷¿¡ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϸé, ¸®´ª½º ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ÆÐŶÀÇ Ãâ¹ßÁö ÁÖ¼Òµµ µûÁ®¼­ ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀְԵ˴ϴÙ. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ ¾Æ·¡ "IP: use TOS value as routing key"µµ [Y]¶ó°í ´äÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÐŶÀÇ TOS(Type-Of-Service) ºÎºÐµµ ¶ó¿ìÆà °áÁ¤À» À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. "IP: fast network address translation"¿¡ [Y]¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸®´ª½º ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â Àü¼ÛµÈ ÆÐŶÀÇ ¼Û½ÅÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö Áּҵ鸶Àúµµ ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ ±â´É¿¡ °ü½É ÀÖ´Ù¸é, http://www.compendium.com.ar/policy-routing.txt ±×¸®°í ftp://post.tepkom.ru/pub/vol2/Linux/docs/advanced-routing.tex ȤÀº http://www.linuxdoc.org/... ¹®¼­µéÀ» ²À Àо¼¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/ ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, [N]

IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key :

[Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϸé, mark °ª¿¡ µû¶ó ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (iptables(8), MARK targetÀ» »ìÆ캾´Ï´Ù). MARK¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é ¸Å¿ì Á¤±³ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁý´Ï´Ù.

IP: fast network address translation :

[Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϸé, Åë°úÇÏ´Â ÆÐŶµéÀÇ Ãâ¹ßÁö ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸¶À½´ë·Î º¯°æÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

³×Æ®¿÷ ÁÖ¼Ò Çؼ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

http://www.csn.tu-chemnitz.de/~mha/linux-ip-nat/diplom/nat.html

IP: equal cost multipath :

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¿©±â¿¡ ¸¸¾à [Y]¶ó°í ´äÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÐŶ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» µ¡ºÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ±× ÆÐŶÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ±â À§ÇØ ½ÇÁ¦·Î °ÅÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ ´ëü °æ·ÎµéÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÀÌ·± °æ·ÎµéÀ» µ¿ÀÏÇÑ "ºñ¿ë cost"À¸·Î ¿©°Ü¼­, ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇϸé, À¯µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î(non-deterministic fashion) ±× °æ·Îµé Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

IP: use TOS value as routing key :

¸ðµç IP ÆÐŶÀÇ Çì´õºÎºÐ¿¡´Â TOS(Type of Service ¼­ºñ½ºÇüÅÂ, Precendence, D, T, R, µî 8ºñÆ®)°ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ ¾î¶² ¶ó¿ìÅ͵éÀº TOS °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ Á߿伺À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â 0ºÎÅÍ 7±îÁöÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼±±ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, (»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» À§ÇÑ) ³·Àº Áö¿¬(low latency, D), ³ôÀº 󸮷®(T), ³ôÀº ½Å·Ú¼º(R), ÃÖ¼Ò ºñ¿ë µîÀ» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î Á¦¾î¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©±â¿¡ [Y]¶ó°í ¼±ÅÃÇϸé, ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ TOS°ªµéÀ» °¡Áø ÆÐŶµé¿¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ ¸Å±â°Å³ª, ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿Â¶óÀÎ °ÔÀÓµéÀº ³·Àº Áö¿¬ ŸÀÔÀ» ¼³Á¤Çؼ­ ·¢À» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

* IP Datagram :

¹°¸®¸Á¿¡¼­ Àü¼Û´ÜÀ§´Â ¼Û½Å/¼ö½Å ÁÖ¼Ò Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Çì´õ¿Í µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀ̸ç, ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À̶ó ºÎ¸£´Âµ¥ ¼Û½Å/¼ö½Å ÁÖ¼Ò Á¤º¸¿Í À¯Çü Çʵ带 Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¹°¸®Àû ÁÖ¼ÒÀε¥ IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥¿¡¼­´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: screenose route monitoring :

¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©±â¿¡ [Y]¶ó°í ¼±ÅÃÇϸé(±ÇÀå»çÇ×ÀÔ´Ï´Ù), Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ °üÇؼ­ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌ´Â ¼ö½Å ÆÐŶµéÀ̳ª, ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼³Á¤ ¾îµò°¡ÀÇ ¿À·ù, ¶Ç´Â °ø°ÝÀÇ Áõ°Å°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ °æ°í ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀ» º¸³À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± Á¤º¸´Â Ä¿³Î ¸Þ½ÃÁöºÎºÐÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â klogdµ¥¸óÀÌ ´Ù·ç°íÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ("man klogd")

IP: large routing tables :

¶ó¿ìÆà Á¸¿¡ 64 Ç׸ñ ÀÌ»ó ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇؼ­ ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ôÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

IP: kerneL LeveL autoconfiguration :

Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ BOOTP ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿À´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¾øÀÌ ºÎÆ®ÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¾²À̸ç, "NFS¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ·çÆ® ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ" Ç׸ñµµ ¿ª½Ã [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

[ ]      IP: BOOTP Support
[ ]      IP: RARP Support

IP: tunneLing :

ÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ ÀڷḦ ĸ½¶È­ÇÏ¿© ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IP ÁÖ¼Ò º¯°æ ¾øÀÌ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »çÀ̸¦ ¿Å°Ü ´Ù´Ï´Â MobiLe IPµî ±â´É°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¿É¼ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¸ÖƼij½ºÆÃÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀåºñµéÀ» °ÅÄ¡´Â ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® Æ®·¡ÇÈÀÇ °æ¿ì ÅͳθµÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÅͳÎÀº ¸Å¿ì ƯÀÌÇÏ°í ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼³Á¤Çϱ⿡ µû¶ó ¾ÆÁÖ ²ûÂïÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é) °Ô´Ù°¡, ÅͳÎÀº IP Çì´õ¸¦ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ÆÐŶ¸¶´Ù 20 bytes Á¤µµ°¡ Ä¿Áö¹Ç·Î ±âº» MTUÀÎ 1500 ´ë½Å 1480À» ½á¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÆÐŶÀ» Á¶°¢³»°í, ÀçÁ¶ÇÕÇÏ´Â Àϵµ ´Ã¾î³³´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. [N]

* tunnels :

IP-to-IP ÅͳÎ, GRE ÅͳÎ, Ä¿³Î ¹Ù±ùÀÇ ÅͳÎ(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î PPTP °°Àº) µî ¸®´ª½º¿¡´Â ¼¼°¡Áö ÅͳÎÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¿³Î ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼­´Â À¯Àú½ºÆäÀ̽º ÅͳεéÀº È¿À²¼ºÀÌ ´Ù¼Ò ¶³¾îÁö³ª À¯¿¬¼ºÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³ª IPX µî ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݵ鵵 Àü´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÅͳÎÀÇ º¸¾ÈÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é Ä¿³Î¿¡ IPSec ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ´õÇؼ­ °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¾ÏȣȭµÈ ÅͳÎÀ» ¸¸µé¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

IP: GRE tunneLS over IP :

GRE(generic routing encapSuLation)´Â ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ®, IPv6¸¦ Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. CiSco ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡ ¿¬°áµÉ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP: ARP daemon Support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¿³ÎÀº ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í Çϵå¿þ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò MAPÀ» ³»ºÎ ij½Ã·Î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¹é°³ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­´Â ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) ij½Ã¸¦ Ä¿³Î Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸Å¿ì Å« ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(switched network)¿¡¼­´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ARP Å×À̺íÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿¬°á(TCP/IP)µéÀÌ ¸¹´Ù¸é Ä¿³Î ¸Þ¸ð¸® °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» ARP ij½Ã·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼­ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϸé, Ä¿³Î ³»ºÎ ARP ij½¬°¡ 256 ¿£Æ®¸®(entry)ÀÌÇÏ·Î À¯ÁöµË´Ï´Ù. (°¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ¿£Æ®¸®´Â LIFOÀ» ÅëÇØ °»½ÅµË´Ï´Ù.) ±×¸®°í ¿¬°áÀº À¯Àú ½ºÆäÀ̽º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ arpd¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. ARP³ª RARP´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò³ª ¹°¸®ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹¯°Å³ª(broadcast), ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½Ã¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº Àåºñµé¿¡°Ô Àü¼Û¼Óµµ¸¦ ³·Ãß¾î ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¸í¹éÇÑ È¥Àâ °øÁö(ECN) ºñÆ®¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ È¥ÀâÇϸé ÀÀ´ä½Ã°£ÀÌ ´Ê¾îÁö°í 󸮷®ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù (³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ È¥ÀâÇÏ¸é ±³È¯±â´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ »èÁ¦Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù). ÀÌ·² ¶§ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ üÁõ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡ ¾Ë¸®µµ·Ï ÇÏ¸é ¹ö·ÁÁö´Â ÆÐŶÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁý´Ï´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡´Â ECNÀ» º¸³»´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ¹æÈ­º®µéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×·± ¹æÈ­º® µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ²¨¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± °æ¿ì ÀÌ °÷¿¡ [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇϰųª, sysctlÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù (/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn) Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP: TCP SyncookeS Support (not enabLedper deauLt) :

TCP/IPÀÇ ¾àÁ¡À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ¸¸µå´Â SYN attack(ÀÌ ¾àÁ¡À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ TC P/IP hijackµî °ø°ÝÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù)À» ¸·¾ÆÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¼­ºñ½º °ÅºÎ °ø°Ý(Denial-of-service)À» ´çÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¿ø°Ý »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ Á¢¼ÓÇϱ⠾î·Á¿öÁö´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·± °ø°ÝÀº ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´©±¸µçÁö ½±°Ô ½ÃµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé, TCP/IP ½ºÅÿ¡¼­ "SYN cookies"¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾ÏȣȭµÈ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇϹǷÎ, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï º¸È£ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. SYN cookies´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Åõ¸íÇÏ°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϹǷΠ»ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ TCP/IP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀ» º¯°æÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ SYN flood °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °ø°ÝÀÚÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò´Â À§Á¶ µÇ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù; ±× ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ÆÐŶµéÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÃßÀûÇϴµ¥ Âü°íÇÒ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸ Àý´ëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇؼ­´Â ¾È µË´Ï´Ù.

SYN cookies´Â ¸¸¾à ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸Å¿ì °úÁßÇÑ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®°í À־, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ¾øÀ» Áö°æÀ̶ó¸é ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

"/proc filesystem support"¿Í "Sysctl support"¿É¼Ç¿¡µµ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» proc ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ°í ³ª¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß SYN cookies°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

SYN cookies¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸:

ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/pub/docs/syncookies-archive Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

The IPv6 protocoL (EXPERIMENTAL) :

»õ·Î¿î Internet Protocol ¹öÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ Áö¿øÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (IP version 6:IPng¶Ç´Â "IP next generation"À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÏ´Â) »õ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Ư¡À» °®½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ¼Ò °ø°£ÀÌ 128 ºñÆ®·Î(16ºñÆ®¾¿ 8°³, 2¿ÁÅݸ¶´Ù :À¸·Î ±¸ºÐ) Ä¿Á®¼­ ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ °í°¥µÇ´Â ÀÏÀÌ (¾Æ¸¶) ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÆà ±â´ÉÀÌ È®ÀåµÇ¾î ÈξÀ °£ÆíÇÏ°Ô ÀÚµ¿ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, IPÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼­ È£½ºÆ® ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î MAC ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ³ÖÀ¸¸é IP Ãæµ¹À» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ³»ºÎ¿¡ ÀÎÁõ°ú ºñ¹Ð À¯Áö µî º¸¾È¼ºÀÌ Çâ»óµË´Ï´Ù. Çì´õ°¡ °£ÆíÇØÁö¸ç ´õ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î 󸮼ӵµ°¡ »¡¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. ±× ¹Û¿¡ Áß°£ ¿¬°á¹æ¹ý ¾øÀÌ ÇöÀç ¹öÀü IP (IP version 4) ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ°ú »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷Àº [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Kernel httpd acceleration (EXPERIMENTAL) :

Ä¿³Î httpd °¡¼Ó ´ë¸ó(kHTTPd)Àº Ä¿³Î ¼Ó¿¡ ¸¸µé¾î ³ÖÀº (Á¦ÇѵÈ) À¥¼­¹öÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¼­¹ö´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» Àоî Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç CGI ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®Ã³·³ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÁÅÙÃ÷´Â ´Ù·ê ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. kHTTPd¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ°¡ »¡¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à kHTTPd°¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ¸¶Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ µî À¯Àú ½ºÆäÀ̽º(user space; kernel°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â Àǹ̷Î)ÀÇ À¥ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Åõ¸íÇÏ°Ô ÀüÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸; kHTTPd°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Âµ¥ ¸¸Á·½º·´Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾ÈÀüÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î, ¸ðµâÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°£ µÚ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·Á¾ß ¸ðµâÀÌ È°¼ºÈ­µË´Ï´Ù:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/khttpd/start

kHTTPd´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ ¼öÁØÀ̹ǷΠÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ó¿ë Á¦Ç°À» ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡´Â Á¶½ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çϳª ´õ, ¾ÆÁ÷ °¡»ó ¼­¹ö´Â Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) :

ATM(ºñµ¿±âÀü¼Û¸ðµå)Àº WAN(Wide Area Networks)¶Ç´Â LAN¿¡¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °í¼Ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ±â¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ATMÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÆÐŶ ±³È¯¹æ½Ä°ú ½ÃºÐÇÒ ´ÙÁß ÀåÄ¡(TDM)ÀÇ ÀåÁ¡À» µû¼­ °³¹ßÇÑ ±â¼ú·Î °¡»óä³ÎÀ» ÅëÇØ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í È­»ó, À½¼º Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ÆÐŶ(53¹ÙÀÌÃ÷)¿¡ ½Ç¾î º¸³À´Ï´Ù. WANÀ» À§ÇÑ ±â¼ú·Î °³¹ßµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ LAN¿¡µµ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ATMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡ ATM ³×Æ®¿öÅ· Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ATM Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ¸Â´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °í¸¨´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, Ä¿³Î Áö¿ø ¿Ü¿¡µµ À¯Àú ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode :

ºñµ¿±âÀü¼Û¸ðµå)¿¡¼­´Â º¸³»·Á´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ¾à¼ÓÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ ÆÐŶÀ¸·Î ³ª´« ´ÙÀ½, ÆÐŶÀÇ Çì´õ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¸ñÀûÁö Á¤º¸¸¦ µ¡ºÙ¿© Àü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÆÐŶµéÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£¸é ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù½Ã ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¤º¸·Î ȯ¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

802.1Q VLAN Support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ 802.1Q VLAN ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 802.1Q VLANÀº ¹æÈ­º®, ºê¸´Â¡, IP Æ®·¡ÇÈ µî ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. VLANÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é VLAN ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®·ÎºÎÅÍ 'vconfig' ÅøÀ» °¡Á®¿Í¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é http://www.candelatech.com/~greear/vlan.html¸¦ Âü°íÇϼ¼¿ä. Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é [N].

---

The IPX protocoL :

NoveLL ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³ëº§ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IPX: FuLL internaL IPX network, IPX:SPX networking (EXPERIMEN TAL) :

³ëº§ ³×Æ®¿öÅ·°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [N]

Appletalk protocol support :

AppLeÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ À§ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ·Î Appletalk¸¦ ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ÀÌ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â netatalk ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

DECnet Support :

(Áö±ÝÀº CompaqÀÎ)µðÁöƲ»ç¿¡¼­ ¸¸µç ¸¹Àº Á¦Ç°µéÀÌ DECnet ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

802.1d Ethernet Bridging :

¸®´ª½º¹Ú½º¸¦ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ºê¸®Áö·Î »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºê¸®Áöº¸´Ù È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áø ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿äÁòÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ ¼Ó¿¡ ºê¸®Áö ±â´ÉÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

CCITT X.25 Packer Layer (EXPERIMENTAL) :

X.25 ÆÐŶ ·¹À̾î´Â Á¤ºÎ, ÀºÇà µî ±â°ü¿¡¼­ WANÀ» ±¸¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇϴ ǥÁØ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. PLP¿Í LAPB µÎ °³ÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ·Î ±¸¼ºµË´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

LAPB Data Link Driver (EXPERIMENTAL) :

Link Access Prodedure for BaLanced´Â X.25 ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ·¹º§ ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä¿³Ø¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ LAPB¸¸À» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

802.2 LLC (VERY EXPERIMENTAL) :

ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ X.25 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â 802.2 Logical LinkLayer ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Acorn Econet/AUN protocols (EXPERIMENTAL) :

EconetÀº Arcon ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ÆÄÀÏ, ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¾×¼¼½ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´ø ¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·¡µÇ°í ´À¸° ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

WAN router :

WANÀº Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ LANÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ±¤¿ª³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °í°¡ÀÇ WAN ¶ó¿ìÅ͸¦ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì Àú·ÅÇÏ°Ô ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â wan-tools ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Fast Switching (read help!) :

tuLip µî ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â NIC(network int erface card)³¢¸® Á÷Á¢ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ºü¸£°Ô ±³È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. "advanced router" ±â´É°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹æÈ­º®À» ±¸ÃàÇÑ´Ù¸é [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Forwarding between high Speed interfaceS :

tuLip µî ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â NIC´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¼ÓµµÁ¶Àý ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

Packet Generator (USE WITH CAUTION) :

ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ºñÀ²·Î, ºÒƯÁ¤ ÆÐŶµéÀ» »ý¼ºÇؼ­, ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º·Î ³»º¸³À´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇÏ°í, ¼º´ÉÀ» ºÐ¼®Çس¾ ¶§ ¾µ¸¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµâ·Î ¹«¾ó ÇؾßÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é NÀ» ´äÇϼ¼¿ä. ÆÐŶ Á¦³Ê·¹ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â Documentation/networking/pktgen.txtÀ» º¸¼¼¿ä.

2.12.1. Netfilter

ipchains°¡ ³ÝÇÊÅÍ·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÄÉÀ̺íÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ÆÐŶµéÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ°í °É·¯³»´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

IP: Netfilter Configuration  --->
<*> Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT)
< >   FTP protocol support
<M>   RSH protocol support
<*>   H.323 (netmeeting) support
< >   Eggdrop bot support
<*>   IRC protocol support
<*>   GRE protocol support
<*>    PPTP protocol support
<*> Userspace queueing via NETLINK (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)
<*>   limit match support
<*>   quota match support
<*>   IP address pool support
[*]     enable statistics on pool usage
<*>   MAC address match support
<*>   Packet type match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   netfilter MARK match support
<*>   Multiple port match support
<*>   Multiple port with ranges match support
<*>   TOS match support
<*>   recent match support
<*>   TIME match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   random match support
<*>   psd match support
<*>   Nth match support
<*>   IPV4OPTIONS match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   ECN match support
<*>   DSCP match support
<*>   AH/ESP match support
<*>   LENGTH match support
<*>   TTL match support
<*>   tcpmss match support
<*>   realm match support
<*>   Helper match support
<*>   Connection state match support
<*>   Connections/IP limit match support
<*>   Connection tracking match support
<*>   Unclean match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   String match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   Owner match support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   Packet filtering
<*>     REJECT target support
<*>     NETLINK target support
<*>     IPV4OPTSSTRIP target support
<*>     MIRROR target support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   Full NAT
<*>     MASQUERADE target support
<*>     REDIRECT target support
<*>     SAME target support
<*>     NETMAP target support
[*]     NAT of local connections (READ HELP)
<*>     Basic SNMP-ALG support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>   Packet mangling
<*>     TOS target support
<*>     ECN target support
<*>     DSCP target support
<*>     MARK target support
<*>   LOG target support
<*>   ROUTE target support
<*>   TTL target support
<*>   ULOG target support
<*>   TCPMSS target support
<*> ARP tables support
<*>   ARP packet filtering

Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT) :

¿¬°á ÃßÀû(Connection tracking)Àº ¾î¶² ÆÐŶÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀ» °ÅÃÄ °¬´ÂÁö, ±×µéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿¬°á µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ±× ±â·ÏÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÁÖ¼Ò º¯È¯(Fast NAT´Â »©°í)¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, Çâ»óµÃ ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µ¿¡µµ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àåºñ¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã È°¼ºÈ­ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

FTP protocol support :

FTP ¿¬°áÀ» ÃßÀûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [Y].

RSH protocol support :

RSH ¿¬°á ÃßÀûÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ RSH ¼¼¼Ç¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â µ¿Àû stderr "Server to Client" ¿¬°á¿¡ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¿¬°á¸ð½ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

Client 0:1023 --> Server 514    (stream 1 - stdin/stdout)
Client 0:1023 <-- Server 0:1023 (stream 2 - stderr)
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº »õ·Î¿î RSH ¼¼¼ÇÀ» ½Äº°ÇÏ°í, µÇ³ª°¡´Â ¼¼¼ÇÀ» ÃßÃâÇϸç, °ü·ÃµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼¼¼ÇÀ» ³ÝÇÊÅÍ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [N].

H.323 (netmeeting) support :

H.323Àº ³Ý¹ÌÆà µî ¿ø°Ý È­»óȸÀÇ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϴ ǥÁØ ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ip_conntrack_h323, ip_nat_h323 ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé conntrack/NAT ¹æÈ­º®¿¡¼­µµ È­»ó, À½¼ºÀ» Àü´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [N].

Âü°í : AIM ȤÀº MSN Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¸¦ iptables ¾È¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì ÆÄÀÏ ¾÷·Îµå°¡ ¾î·Á¿îµ¥, ReAim ÀνºÅÏÆ® ¸Þ½ÅÀú ÇÁ·Ï½Ã¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ÇØ°áµË´Ï´Ù.

Eggdrop bot support :

¿©·¯ºÐ ¸Ó½Å¿¡¼­ eggdrop hub bot¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [N].

IRC protocol support :

IRC(Internet Relay Chat) ¿¬°áÀ» ÃßÀûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [Y].

GRE protocol support :

ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº (RFC1701, RFC2784) GRE ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» NATÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [Y].

PPTP protocol support :

ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº VPN ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÎ PPTP (Point to Point Tunnelling Protocol, RFC2637) ÆÐŶÀ» NATÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸ðµç PPTP ¸ðµå¸¦ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸé net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_ppt¸¦ Àо¼¼¿ä. È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é [Y].

Userspace queueing via NETLINK (EXPERIMENTAL) :

.. ³ÝÇÊÅÍ´Â À¯Àú ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ÆÐŶÀ» Å¥ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áý´Ï´Ù

³Ý¸µÅ© ÀåÄ¡´Â ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ±×µé¿¡ ¿¢¼¼½º Çϵµ·Ï »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) :

iptableÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ̸ç, È®ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆÐŶ ½Äº° üÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µ°ú full NAT(masquerading, port forwarding, etc) ¼­ºê½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÀÌÁ¦ iptalbes¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù(ÀÌÀü¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϵ¯ ipchains°¡ Æ÷ÆõǾú½À´Ï´Ù):

ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µ, NATÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â´É, È®ÀåµÈ ¶ó¿ìÆà ¼­ºñ½º °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¶óµµ ¾²·Á¸é ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼­ [Y]³ª [M]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü IP tables¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ·Î ¸¶À½¸Ô¾ú´Ù¸é ±× ³î¶ó¿î ±â´Éµé¿¡ °¨ÅºÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

limit match support :

limit matchingÀº ¸ÅÄ¡µÇ´Â ·ê¿¡¼­ ¼Óµµ¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÕ´Ï´Ù: LOG Ÿ±ê°ú (¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ "LOG target support") ¼­ºñ½º °ÅºÎ °ø°Ý(DOS: Denial of Service) ȸÇÇ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÒ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

quota match support :

ÀÌ ¸ÅÄ¡´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÄõÅ͸¦ Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IP address pool support :

Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

enable statistics on pool usage :

Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

MAC address match support :

MAC ¸ÅĪÀº Ãâ¹ßÁö ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ÆÐŶ ¸ÅÄ¡¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Packet type match support :

ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ®, ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® µî Ŭ·¡½º¿¡ µû¶ó ÆÐŶÀ» ºÐ·ùÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

netfilter MARK match support :

³ÝÇÊÅÍ ¸¶Å© ¸ÅĪÀº 'nfmark' °ª¿¡ ±âÃÊÇØ ÆÐŶÀ» ã¾Æ³À´Ï´Ù. MARK Ÿ±ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³Á¤µË´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

* Ÿ±ê(Target) :

¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤ÇÑ °ªµé°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ÆÐŶÀ» ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§ Àû¿ëÇÒ ±ÔÄ¢À» ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ±× À̸§À» Á÷Á¢ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´ë°³´Â ACCEPT, DROP, QUEUE, RETURN °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼ø¼­´ë·Î Çã¿ë, ¹ö¸², Å¥À×, ´ÙÀ½ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÀÌÀü üÀο¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¹Û¿¡ È®ÀåµÈ ¸ðµâ·Î´Â LOG(Ä¿³Î ·Î±ëÀ» ÄѼ­ dmesg³ª syslogd¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±â·ÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) MARK(³ÝÇÊÅÍ mark °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) REJECT(¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ µ¹·Áº¸³À´Ï´Ù.) TOS(8ºñÆ® ¼­ºñ½º ŸÀÔ-Precedence, D, T, R, C, 0-À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) MIRROR(½ÇÇèÀûÀΠŸ±êÀ¸·Î IP Çì´õ¿¡¼­ ±Ù¿ø¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÆÐŶÀ» ÀçÀü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. INPUT, FORWARD, PREROUTING üÀΰú »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ·çÇÁ¹éÀ̳ª NAT, ³ª°¡´Â üÀο¡¼­´Â »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù) SNAT(POSTROUTNG üÀÎ, NAT Å×ÀÌºí¿¡¼­¸¸ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Ù¿øÁö-source- ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.) DNAT(NAT Å×À̺í, PREROUTING üÀÎ, OUTPUT üÀο¡¼­ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ñÀûÁö-destination- ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.) MASQUERADE(POSTROUTING, NAT Å×ÀÌºí¿¡¼­¸¸ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ̾ó¾÷ó·³ IP°¡ À¯µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °íÁ¤µÈ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é SNAT Ÿ±êÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù) REDIRECT(NAT Å×À̺í, PREROUTING, OUTPUT, »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ Ã¼Àο¡¼­¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸Ó½Å Àڽſ¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆÐŶÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù²ß´Ï´Ù.) µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Multiple port match support :

¸ÖƼÆ÷Æ® ¸ÅĪÀº Ãâ¹ßÁö³ª ¸ñÀûÁö Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ ½Ã¸®Áî¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ TCP³ª UDP ÆÐŶ ¸ÅÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù: ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÔÄ¢ Çϳª´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö Æ÷Æ® ¹üÀ§¸¦ ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ¸é ±ÔÄ¢ Çϳª¿¡ ¿©·¯ Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Multiple port with ranges match support :

½Ì±Û Æ÷Æ®¸¸Å­ Æ÷Æ®¹üÀ§¸¦ Àß ´Ù·ç´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TOS match support :

TOS ¸ÅĪÀº IP ÆÐŶÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º ÇʵåÀÇ Çü½Ä¿¡(Type Of Services) ±â¹ÝÇÑ ÆÐŶ ¸ÅÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

recent match support :

Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TIME match support :

ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇÑ ½Ã°£À̳ª Ãâ¹ßÇÑ ½Ã°£(ÆÐŶÀÌ »ý¼ºµÈ ½Ã°£)À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ã¾Æ³À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ÅÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ¾Ë°í½Í´Ù¸é iptables -m time --help ¸í·ÉÀ». Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

random match support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø È®·ü¿¡ µû¶ó ·£´ýÇÏ°Ô ÆÐŶÀ» Áö¸ñÇÏ´Â `random' ¸ÅÄ¡¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

psd match support :

TCP³ª UDP Æ÷Æ®½ºÄµÀ» °¨ÁöÇÏ´Â ·êÀ» iptables Å×ÀÌºí ¼Ó¿¡ ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Nth match support :

N¹ø° ÆÐŶ¸¶´Ù ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ·êÀ» Àû¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ 16°³ Ä«¿îÅÍ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IPV4OPTIONS match support :

¼Ò½º ¶ó¿ìÆÃ, ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ó¿ìÆÃ, ŸÀÓ½ºÅÆÇÁ, ¶ó¿ìÅÍ-º¯°æ(router-altert) µîÀ» ÇÊÅÍÇÒ ¶§ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N]. TCP ¿É¼ÇµéÀº ÃÖ´ë ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® Å©±â(MSS, Maximum Segment Size), À©µµ¿ì µî±Þ ¿ä¼Ò, ŸÀÓ ½ºÅÆÇÁ µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ECN match support :

TCP Çì´õ¿¡¼­ ECN Çʵ带 °Ë»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é iptables -m ipv4options --help ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ¾Ë¾Æº¸¼¼¿ä. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N]. *ECN : Explicit Congestion Notification ¾Æ·¡ IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support ¿É¼ÇÀ» Âü°íÇϼ¼¿ä.

DSCP match support :

Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

AH/ESP match support (NEW) :

IPSec ÆÐŶ¿¡¼­ AH³ª ESP Çì´õ¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â SPI¸¦ ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

LENGTH match support (NEW) :

ÆÐŶÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

TTL match support (NEW) :

TTL °ªÀ¸·Î ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

tcpmss match support (NEW) :

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿¬°á¿¡¼­ ÃÖ´ë ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â TCP SYN ÆÐŶÀÇ MSS °ªÀ» °Ë»çÇؼ­ ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù

*TCP flags:

TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ¼³Á¤Çϰųª ´Ý±â À§ÇØ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Á¦¾î Ç÷¡±×ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¬°áÀ» ÃʱâÈ­Çϱâ ÀÌÇÑ µ¿±â ¼øÂ÷ ¹øÈ£(SYN), SYN¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ(ACK), ¿¬°á Àç¼³Á¤(RST), Àü¼ÛÀ» ¿Ï·áÇÏ°í TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ´ÝÀ½(FIN), ±ä±Þ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ(URG), ±×¸®°í °¡´ÉÇÑ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Àü´ÞÇ϶ó´Â PSH±îÁö ¸ðµÎ ¿©¼¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

realm match support :

iptables ¾È¿¡ ¶ó¿ìÆà ¼­ºê½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ realm Å°¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ÅĪÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Helper match support :

conntrack-helper¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ µ¿ÀûÀÎ ¿¬°áµéÀ» ÃßÀûÇÒ ¶§ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ip_conntrack_ftp ó·³. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Connection state match support :

¿¬°á »óÅ ¸ÅĪÀº ÃßÀûÇÑ Ä¿³Ø¼ÇÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀÌÀü ÆÐŶµé) ÆÐŶ ¸ÅÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº °­·ÂÇÑ ÆÐŶ ºÐ·ù µµ±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Connections/IP limit match support :

¼­¹ö ¼ö¿¡ µû¸¥ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® IP ÁÖ¼Ò³ª ÁÖ¼Ò ºí·°ÀÇ ºñÀ²¿¡ µû¶ó º´·Ä TCP Á¢¼Ó ¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Connection tracking match support :

ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿¬°áÃßÀû ¸ÅÄ¡ ¸ðµâ·Î »óÅ ¸ÅÄ¡ ½´ÆÛ¼Â(superset)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº ÄÁÆ®·¢ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¸ÅĪÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÁß ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¸µÅ©³ª Åͳο¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â NAT °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌó·³ º¹ÀâÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼­ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Unclean match support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

"±ú²ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÆÐŶ ¸ÅĪ"Àº IP, TCP, UDP¿Í ICMP Çì´õ¿¡¼­ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ÇʵåµéÀ» »ìÆì¼­ ³¸¼³°Å³ª ¹«È¿ÇÑ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ã¾Æ³À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

String match support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À̳ª ij¸¯ÅÍ°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ÆÐŶÀ» ã¾Æ³À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Owner match support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

ÆÐŶÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ ¸ÅĪÀº ÆÐŶÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ, ±×·ì, ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º³ª ¼¼¼Ç¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÏ¿© Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î-¹ß»ýµÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¸ÅÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Packet filtering :

ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µÀº ·ÎÄà input, Æ÷¿öµù°ú ·ÎÄà output¿¡¼­, ½ÉÇà ÆÐŶ ÇÊÅ͸µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ ·êÀ» ´ã´Â 'ÇÊÅÍ' Å×À̺íÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

REJECT target support :

REJECT Ÿ±êÀº µé¾î¿À´Â ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±ÔÄ¢À» °Ë»çÇؼ­ ¾Æ¹« ¼Ò¸® ¾øÀÌ ¹ö¸®´Â ´ë½Å ICMP¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö·Î ÀÀ´äÇÏ´Â ÇÊÅ͸µ ±ÔÄ¢À» ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

NETLINK target support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

NETLINK Ÿ±êÀº Ä¿³Î ¹æÈ­º® ³Ý¸µÅ© ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÀÚ °ø°£À¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. fwmon(http://firestorm.geek-ware.co.uk) °°Àº ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ǵéÀº ÀÌ·± ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¼­ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ipchains -o ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í À籸¼ºÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

IPV4OPTSSTRIP target support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N]. IPV4OPTSSTRIP ŸŶÀº ÆÐŶ¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç IP ¿É¼ÇµéÀ» ¹þ°Ü³À´Ï´Ù.

MIRROR target support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

MIRROR targetÀº µé¾î¿À´Â ÆÐŶÀÌ º¸³½ ÀÌ¿¡°Ô µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ±ÔÄ¢À» ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Full NAT :

Full NAT ¿É¼ÇÀº ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù, Æ÷Æ® Æ÷¿öµù, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Çü½ÄÀÇ Ç® ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í Æ÷Æ® ÀüȯÀ» ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº iptables ¾È¿¡ 'nat' Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾îµË´Ï´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº 'man 8 iptables' Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

MASQUERADE target support :

¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀº NATÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÄÉÀ̽ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

³ª°¡´Â ¿¬°áµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ÁּҷκÎÅÍ ³ª°£ °Íó·³ º¸À̵µ·Ï ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù, ±× ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ³»¸®¸é, ¿¬°áµÈ üÀεéÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â±îÁö´Â SNAT¿Í ´Ù¸¦°Ô ¾ø¾î º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀº ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ̾ó¾÷ °èÁ¤¿¡¸¸ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Þ¶óÁö´Â ADSL, Cable, Modem µî) Àü¿ë¼±, MyIP µî °íÁ¤µÈ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é SNATÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

REDIRECT target support :

REDIRECT´Â NATÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÄÉÀ̽ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

¸ðµç µé¾î¿À´Â ¿¬°áµéÀº µé¾î¿À´Â ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ¸ÅÇεǹǷÎ, ÆÐŶµéÀº ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ Áö³ª¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ´ë½Å ·ÎÄà ¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·Î ¿À°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº Åõ¸íÇÑ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã¿¡¼­ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.. Squid µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Åõ¸íÇÑ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϼ¼¿ä. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

SAME target support :

SAME Ÿ±êÀº Ç¥ÁØ SNATó·³ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¿¬°á¿¡ °°Àº IP¸¦ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ºÎ¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

NETMAP target support :

NETMAPÀº 1:1·Î °íÁ¤µÈ NAT ¸ÊÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ È£½ºÆ® ÁÖ¼Ò ºÎºÐÀ» ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê°í ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸ ¸ÅÇÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Fast NAT¿Í ºñ½ÁÇѵ¥ Fast NATÀº ¿¬°á ÃßÀû°ú Àß ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¦¿ÜÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

NAT of local connections :

Nat ¹Ú½º ¾È¿¡¼­ ·ÎÄà ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñÀûÁö NAT°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é È°¼ºÈ­Çϼ¼¿ä. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

Basic SNMP-ALG support (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) :

ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº SNMP payload¿¡¼­ ÀÀ¿ë °èÃþ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ(ALG Application Layer Gateway) ±â´ÉÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. NAT¿Í ÇÔ²² ½á¼­ »óÃæÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¼ÒµéÀ» °¡Áø »ç¼³ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿©·¯°³¸¦ ¿¢¼¼½ºÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. IP-layer NAT ¸ÅÇÎÀ» À§ÇØ SNMP payload ¾È¿¡¼­ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀº RFC 2962¿¡ ±â¼úµÈ SNMP-ALGÀÇ "basic" ÇüÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N]

Packet mangling :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº iptables¿¡ 'mangle' Å×À̺íÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

ÀÌ Å×À̺íÀº ÆÐŶÀ» ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÆÐŶ º¯È¯¿¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. iptables(8) ¸Ç ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TOS target support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¾Õ¼­ 'mangle' Å×ÀÌºí ¾È¿¡ IP ÆÐŶÀÇ Type Of Service Çʵ带 ¹Ù²Ù´Â ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ¸¸µéµµ·Ï 'TOS' Ÿ±êÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TOS target support :

ECN Ÿ±êÀº IP ÆÐŶÀÇ IPv4 Çì´õ¿¡¼­ ECN ºñÆ®¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ ECN ºí·¢È¦À» ºñ²¸ ³ª°¥ ¶§¿¡´Â ²Ï À¯¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ECN ºñÆ®´Â ±×³É µÓ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TOS target support :

DSCP Ÿ±êÀº IPv4 Çì´õ¿¡¼­ DSCP Çʵ带 °Ë»çÇÒ ¶§ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. DSCP °ªÀº 0x0ºÎÅÍ 0x4f±îÁö ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

MARK target support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¾Õ¼­ 'mangle'Å×ÀÌºí ¾È¿¡ ÆÐŶ ÆÐŶ°ú °ü·ÃµÈ netfilter mark(nfmark) Çʵ带 ¹Ù²Ù´Â ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ¸¸µå´Â 'MARK' Ÿ±êÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ¶ó¿ìÆà ¸Þ½îµå¸¦ ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ°í ´Ù¸¥ ¼­ºê½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±×µéÀ» ÇàÅÂ(behavior)¸¦ ¹Ù²Ùµµ·Ï ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î LBS¿¡¼­ ¸¶Å© °ªÀÌ 7 ÀÎ ÆÐŶµéÀº ADSL ¶óÀÎÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ÒÅëÇϵµ·Ï ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×ÀÌºí¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

LOG target support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾î´À iptables Å×À̺íÀ̵ç syslog¿¡ ÆÐŶ Çì´õ¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ±ÔÄ¢À» ¸¸µå´Â 'LOG'Ÿ±êÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

ROUTE target support :

ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÆÐŶÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¶ó¿ìÆ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ÆÐŶÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÏÁö¶óµµ. Ç¥ÁØ ¶ó¿ìÆà ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò¿¡¼­ ±×·± ÆÐŶµéÀº ·ÎÄ÷ΠÀü¼ÛµÇ¹Ç·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TTL target support :

TTL Ÿ±êÀº TTL °ªÀ» Á¤Çϰųª ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸Å­ ´ÃÀÌ°í/ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

ULOG target support :

³Ý¸µÅ© ¸ÖƼij½ºÆ® ¼ÒÄÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À¯Àú½ºÆäÀ̽º ·Î±ë µð¸Õ¿¡°Ô ÆÐŶÀ» ³Ñ±é´Ï´Ù: LOG Ÿ±êÀº syslog¸¸ ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ulogd µð¸éÀº http://www.gnumonks.org/projects/ulogd¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

TCPMSS target support :

¿¬°áÀÇ ÃÖ´ë Å©±â¸¦ Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇØ TCP SYN ÆÐŶÀÇ MSS °ªÀ» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 'TCPMSS' Ÿ±êÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (´ë°³ ³ª°¡´Â ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ MTUº¸´Ù 40 ÀÛ°Ô Á¦ÇÑ). ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ISP¸¦ ³ú»ç½ÃÅ°´Â ¹üÁ˸¦ ¸·¾Æ³»°Å³ª ICMP ÇÁ·¡±×¸ÕÅ×À̼ÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¸·´Â ¼­¹ö¿¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¾ßÈÄ µî ÀÌÀü¿¡ È£µÇ°Ô ´çÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â TCPMSS¿¡ ¹Î°¨Çؼ­ ±×·± »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹æÈ­º®/¶ó¿ìÅͷκÎÅÍ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸Ó½ÅµéÀº Å« ÆÐŶµéÀ» Àý´ë·Î ±³È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ Â¡ÈĵéÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

1) À¥ ºê¶ó¿ìÀúµéÀº ¿¬°áÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¼ö½Å ¾øÀÌ ²÷½À´Ï´Ù.

2) ÀÛÀº ¸ÞÀÏÀº Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸, Å« ¸ÞÀÏÀº Á×½À´Ï´Ù.

3) ssh´Â Àß µÇÁö¸¸, scp´Â ÇÚµå¼ÎÀÌÅ·À» ¸¶Ä¡¸é Á×½À´Ï´Ù.

Workaround:

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ ÇÏ°í ¹æÈ­º® ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÔÄ¢À» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù:

iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu

È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é [N].

ARP tables support :

no help available

ipchains (2.2-style) support :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÌÁ¦ iptables·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ipchains¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø À̵éÀº ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇØ ¿¹ÀüÀÇ ¸í·ÉµéÀ» °è¼Ó »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, iptables¸¦ ÀÍÈ÷´Â°Ô ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.[N]

ipfwadm (2.0-style) support :

ÀÌ µµ±¸´Â 2.2 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ipchains·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú°í, ´Ù½Ã 2.4 Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ iptables·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. º¯È­°¡ µÎ·Æ°Å³ª ipfwadmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀü ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀ» ¼Õº¸±â ½È´Ù¸é °è¼Ó »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N]

2.12.2. QoS and /or fair queueing

ÆÐŶ ½ºÄÉÁì·¯¿¡ µû¶ó ÆÐŶÀ» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀåÄ¡°¡ ½Ç½Ã°£ ÀåÄ¡ÀÏ ¶§ ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

[*] QoS and/or fair queueing
<*>   CBQ packet scheduler
<*>   CSZ packet scheduler
<*>   The simplest PRIO pseudoscheduler
<*>   RED queue
<*>   SFQ queue
<*>   TEQL queue
<*>   TBF queue
<*>   GRED queue
<*>   Diffserv field marker
<*>   Ingress Qdisc
[*]   QoS support
[*]     Rate estimator
[*]   Packet classifier API
<*>     TC index classifier
<*>     Routing table based classifier
<*>     Firewall based classifier
<*>     U32 classifier
<*>     Special RSVP classifier
<*>     Special RSVP classifier for IPv6
[*]     Traffic policing (needed for in/egress)

QoS and/or fair queueing :

³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ³»º¸³»¾ß ÇÒ ÆÐŶµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¶§, Ä¿³ÎÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¸ÕÀú º¸³»¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¼±ÅÃÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ data flow rate°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ç½Ã°£ ¼­ºñ½º³ª ºñÁî´Ï½º ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °æ¿ì ´õ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. QoS´Â "¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ Áú(Quality of Service)"¶ó´Â ¸» ±×´ë·Î Á¦ÇÑµÈ ´ë¿ªÆø ¾È¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ̳ª ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ǿ¡ µû¶ó ´ë¿ªÆøÀ» ÇÒ´çÇؼ­ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º ÁúÀ» À̲ø¾î³»´Â ±â¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¼ø¼­¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¸î °¡Áö ¾Ë°í¸®µëÀÌ Àִµ¥ ±× °ÍµéÀ» ÆÐŶ ½ºÄÉÁì·¯¶ó ºÎ¸¨´Ï´Ù.

¸¸¾à ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÆÐŶ ½ºÄÉÁì·¯(FIFO: first come, first served)¸¦ ±×³É »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é [N]À» ´äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º¸´Ù È¿À²ÀûÀ̶ó »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾Ë°í¸®µëÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãº¸°í½Í´Ù¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé¸¶´Ù ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÄÉÁÙ¸µ ¾Ë°í¸®µëÀ» ÇÒ´ç ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, ÀÌ·± °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ÃßõµÇ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾Æ¹«Æ° ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇµéÀ» È°¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é À¯Àú-·¹ºí À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼µéÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/¿¡¼­ iproute2+tc ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ °¡Á®¿Í¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. "/proc filesystem"ÀÌ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é /proc/net/psched ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ ½ºÄÉÁÙ·¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »óÅ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é [N].

CBQ packet scheduler :

Class-Based Queueing(CBQ) ÆÐŶ ½ºÄÉÁ층 ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀº Àü¼ÛµÇ±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®´Â ÆÐŶÀ» Æ®¸®(tree)ÇüÅÂÀÇ °èÃþÀû ±¸Á¶·Î ºÐ·ùÇÕ´Ï´Ù.(net/sched/sch_cbq.c ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκÐ) ÀÌ Æ®¸®ÀÇ ¸®ÇÁ(leaf) ³ëµåµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ºÄÉÁ층µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸®ÇÁ ³ëµå¿¡ Àû¿ëµÉ ½ºÄÉÁ층 ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀº ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¿©·¯°¡Áö Å¥À× ¾Ë°í¸®Áò Áß¿¡¼­ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

CSZ packet scheduler :

Clark-Shenker-Zhang(CSZ) ÆÐŶ ½ºÄÉÁ층 ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Ç½Ã°£(real-time) ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ º¸ÀåÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀÔ´Ï´Ù(net/sched/sch_csz.cÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκÐ) ÁÖÀÇ: ÀÌ ½ºÄÉÁì·¯´Â ÇöÀç ¿Ïº®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

The simplest PRIO pseudo scheduler :

..

RED queue :

net/sched/sch_red.cÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκРÂü°í.

SFQ queue :

net/sched/sch_sfq.cÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκРÂü°í.

TEQL queue :

net/sched/sch_sfq.cÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκРÂü°í.

TBF queue :

net/sched/sch_tbf.cÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκРÂü°í

QoS support :

QoS ½ºÄÉÁ층 ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇϸé QoS¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ´õÀÌ»ó ¹¯Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

Rate estimator :

Quality of Service ½ºÄÉÁ층À» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇöÀç µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û¼ÓµµÀÇ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Packet classifier API :

CBQ ½ºÄÉÁ층 ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀº ³×Æ®¿÷ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü¼ÛµÇµµ·Ï ½ºÄÉÁìµÈ ³×Æ®¿÷ ÆÐŶÀÌ ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÉ °ÍÀÎÁö ¹°¾îº¾´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ¸é ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆÐŶ ºÐ·ùÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

2.12.3. IP Security Protocol (FreeS/WAN IPSEC)

¾ÆÁ÷Àº ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ ÄÚµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº FreeS/WAN IPSEC ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ µû·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ¾ø´ÙÇصµ Á¤»óÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ·¹À̾¼­ ÆÐŶÀ» ¾ÏȣȭÇÏ°í/Çϰųª Âü¿©Çϴ ȣ½ºÆ®µéÀ» ÀÎÁõÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ç¥ÁØÀº RFCs 2411, 2407, 2401¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ipsec-*¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº À̾߱âµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¢ µµÅ¥¸ÕÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº http://ietf.org/ids.by.wg/ipsec.html¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. charter´Â http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipsec-charter.html¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, FreeS/WAN °ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº http://www.freeswan.org/¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

<*> IP Security Protocol (FreeS/WAN IPSEC)
--- IPSec options (FreeS/WAN)
[*]    IPSEC: IP-in-IP encapsulation (tunnel mode)
[*]    IPSEC: Authentication Header
[*]       HMAC-MD5 authentication algorithm
[*]       HMAC-SHA1 authentication algorithm
[*]    IPSEC: Encapsulating Security Payload
[*]       3DES encryption algorithm
[*]    IPSEC: IP Compression
[*]    IPSEC Debugging Option

IPSEC: Authentication Header :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÆÐŶ ·¹À̾¼­ ¹ß½ÅÀÚ¿Í ÄÁÅÙÃ÷¸¦ ÀÎÁõÇÏ´Â IPSEC ÀÎÁõ Çì´õ(IP protocol 51) Áö¿ø ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È°¼ºÈ­ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RFC2402

IPSEC: Encapsulating Security Payload :

ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÆÐŶ ·¹À̾¼­ ÄÁÅÙÃ÷¸¦ ¼û±â´Â IPSEC Encapsulation Security Payload (IP protocol 50) Áö¿ø ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È°¼ºÈ­ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RFC2406

3DES encryption algorithm :

3DES ¾Ïȣȭ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ­ Encapsulation Security Payload ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RFC2451

2.12.4. »ç¶óÁø °Íµé..

IP: optimize aS router not hoSt :

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÐŶµéÀ» Æ÷¿öµå ½ÃÅ°°Å³ª, ÀçºÐ¹èÇÏ´Â µî ¸®´ª½º¹Ú½º¸¦ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IP forwarding°ú ÇÔ²² ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² ¸®´ª½º ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº copy and checksumÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ­ È£½ºÆ® ¼º´ÉÀ» ÃÖÀûÈ­ ½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·Î ÀÛµ¿Çϸç ÆÐŶµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â Àϸ¸ ÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷(copy and checksum)Àº ¼ÕÇØÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù¸é copy and checksum ±â´ÉÀº ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ ÀÛµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ÃÖÀûÈ­ µÇµµ·Ï ¿©·¯ °¡Áö¸¦ º¯°æÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP forwardingÀ» ÇÔ²² ¼±ÅÃÇؾ߸¸ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ¶ó¿ìÅÍó·³ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù; "/proc filesystem support" ¿É¼Ç°ú "Sysctl support" ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼­µµ [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆ®µÉ ¶§, ¸ÕÀú /proc ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸¶¿îÆ® µÇ°í, ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϸé IP forwardingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁý´Ï´Ù. echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

IP forwardingÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é rp_filter ±â´Éµµ ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. rp_filter´Â ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§, ±× ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÑ Ãâ¹ßÁö ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ÆÐŶ ¼ö½ÅÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °ÅÀýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. IP spoofing µî ºÒ¸®´Â °ø°ÝÀ» ¹«·ÂÈ­ ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ºñ´ëĪ ¶ó¿ìÆà (½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ÆÐŶ°ú ³ª°¡´Â ÆÐŶµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °æ·Î¸¦ °ÅÄ¡´Â °Í) À» »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºµé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½ºµéÀ» °¡Áö´Â ºñ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ®¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î rp_filter±â´ÉÀ» ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf//rp_filter

¶Ç´Â

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯Àú´Â [N]À» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: aLiaSing Support :

ÇϳªÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¿©·¯ °³ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÖƼ È£½ºÆÃ, °¡»ó µµ¸ÞÀÎ, ¶Ç´Â °¡»ó È£½ºÆÃ(mirtuaL hoSti ng)À̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ·Á¸é ÇÊ¿äÇѱâ´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °¡»ó È£½ºÆÃÀº ¸®´ª ½º ¹Ú½º Çϳª·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î À¥À̳ª ftp ¼­¹ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã ½ºÅÛÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç, µÎ °³ÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µå¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¢¼¼½ºÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. alias addressÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº Doumentation/networking/alias.txt¿Í IP-Alias mini-HOWTO, http://www.thesphere.com/~dlp/TwoServers/, ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Virtual-Services-HOWTO À» Âü°íÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: accounting :

¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ ¶ó¿ìÅͳª ¹æÈ­º®À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: ReverSe ARP, IP:

..

ALLow Large windowS (not recommended if <16Mb of memory) :

¼Õ´ëÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù°í °æ°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RARP( Reverse Address Resolution Protcol)´Â ¸ðµç H/W Ethernet card°¡ °¢ÀÚ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¹øÈ£ÀÎ, Çϵå¿þ¾î ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ °¡Áö°í IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µð½ºÅ©°¡ ¾ø´Â ¸Ó½Å¿¡¼­ ºÎÆÃÇÒ ¶§ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§Çؼ­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç Diskless Sun 3 ¸Ó½ÅÀ̳ª Linux Box¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RARP ¿äû¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À©µµ¿ì´Â TCP ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® Æ÷¸ËÀÇ ÇÊµå °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª·Î, ¿ø°Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Ç×»ó ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¼ö½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ÙÀÌÆ® Å©±â¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À©µµ¿ì Å©±â´Â È®ÀÎÀÀ´äÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°íµµ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ´ë ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À©µµ¿ì Å©±â°¡ Ä¿Áú¼ö·Ï È®ÀÎÀÀ´äÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Àü¼ÛÀÌ »¡¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

CPU iS too SLow to handLe fuLL bandwidth :

CPU°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©Àü´ë¿ªÆø (full-bandwidth)À» ´Ù·ç±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£Áö ¾Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¸é ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP:

..

aLwayS defragment (required for maSquerading) :

¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ Àü¼Û È¿À²À» ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇØ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì ĸ½¶È­µÉ IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ Å©±â´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±×·¥À» ´ã´Â ¹°¸®Àû ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿¡ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ½ÇÁ¦ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­´Â FDDIÀÇ 4470 ¿ÁÅݺÎÅÍ ÀÌ´õ³ÝÀÇ 1500¿ÁÅÝ, ȤÀº ¾î¶² Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ 128 ¿ÁÅݱîÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ Áö³ª°©´Ï´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü´ÞµÉ ¶§ (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ°¡ ÀÌ´õ³Ý°ú X.25À» ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ó·³) MTU(maximum transmission unit)°¡ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÐŶ Å©±â°¡ ÀÛÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î Àü´ÞµÇ±â À§Çؼ­´Â »õ·Î¿î Å©±â·Î À߶óÁ®¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ·¸°Ô À߶óÁø Á¶°¢µéÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Å©±â·Î ´Ù½Ã Á¶ÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç IP ÆÐŶÀ¸·Î ĸ½¶È­µË´Ï´Ù. TCP/IP¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¶°¢³­ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» ÃÖÁ¾ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡¼­ ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸· ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ À̸¦ ¶§±îÁö ºÐÇÒµÈ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Å« MTU °ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â ¹°¸®¸ÁÀ» ³¶ºñÇϸç ÇÑ Á¶°¢ÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®¸é ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î Àüü µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» ¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (±×·¯³ª, Á¶°¢µéÀÌ MTU¸¦ ä¿ï ¶§±îÁö ÀúÀåÇϰųª Á¶¸³ÇÒ Áß°£ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù) ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µé¾î¿À´Â ¸ðµç ÆÐŶ Á¶°¢À» Ç×»ó ´Ù½Ã Á¶¸³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ IP: maSquerading, IP:tranSparent proxy, IP: firewalling ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¶ó¿ìÅͳª È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­´Â Àý´ë [Y]¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµË´Ï´Ù.

IP: tranSparent proxy Support :

¸®´ª½º ¹æÈ­º®À» ¿ø°ÝÁö È£½ºÆ®Ã³·³ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï °¡ÀåÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Åõ¸íÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡¼­´Â ¹æÈ­º®À» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø°í ¸¶Ä¡ È£½ºÆ®¿Í Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÈ °Íó·³ º¸Àδٴ °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åõ¸íÇÑ ÇÁ·Ï½Ã ¹Ú½º°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í ¶ó¿ìÅÍ »çÀÌ¿¡ ³õÀÌ´õ¶óµµ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¸Ó½Åµé¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀº ÀüÇô ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

IP: ICMP maSquerading :

¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù¿¡ ping µî ICMP ÆÐŶÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)Àº ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ö½ÅµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ±â À§ÇØ È£½ºÆ®¿Í °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â IPÀÇ È®ÀåµÈ ¿À·ùº¸°í ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IP´Â ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ·Î ¿¬°á°Ë»ç³ª ¿¡·¯ 󸮴ɷÂÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸ ICMP´Â ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ »óȲÀ̳ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¶§¹®¿¡ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±×·¥ÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϰųª Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿ø·¡ ¹ß½ÅÁö¿¡ »óȲÀ» ¾Ë¸³´Ï´Ù. È帧À» Á¦¾îÇÏ°í, ¸ñÀûÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϸç, ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» º¯°æÇÏ°í, ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ping(packet internet gopher)ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ ICMP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÌ ±â´É¿¡ [Y]¸¦ ´äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: maSquerading SpeciaL moduLeS Support:

¾Æ·¡¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â Æ÷Æ® Æ÷¿öµù µî ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: ipportfw maSq Support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

Æ÷Æ® Æ÷¿öµùÀº Á¦°øÇÑ Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ÆÐŶÀÌ ¹æÈ­º® ¾ÈÂÊÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÇµµ·Ï ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À¥¼­¹ö´Â ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¢¼ÓµÇ¸ç ¿ÜºÎÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡°Ô´Â ¹æÈ­º® ÀÚü°¡ À¥ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ °³¹ßÁßÀ̸ç ipmasqadm µµ±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

IP: ipmarkfw maSquerade Support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

Æ÷Æ® Æ÷¿öµù°ú À¯»çÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº ÆÐŶ¿¡ "firewaLLing mark"¸¦ »ç¿ë´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

IP: masquerading virtual server support (EXPERIMENTAL) :

..

(12) IP masq - VS table size (the Nth power of 2)

..

IP: forwording/gatewaying :

ÆÐŶÀ» Áß°èÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ùÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÄÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹À̵ù ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ µðÆúÆ® °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ°¡ µË´Ï´Ù.

2.12.5. /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "1" ȤÀº echo "0" µî Ãâ·ÂÀ» ¸®´ÙÀÌ·ºÆ®Çؼ­ sysctl ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Á¦¾îÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´õ ü°èÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº /etc/sysctl.conf¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Æ÷¿öµù ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÄÑ´Â ¸í·É(echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ip_forward)À» ºÎÆ®ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø ½ÇÇàÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â /etc/sysctl.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ÇÁ·Î´Ù¿Í º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù:

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1