Stig Sæther Bakken
Egon Schmid
Ȳ¿øÈñ (Home Page: http://php.morosolution.com
E-Mail: regina@morosolution.com)
(ÀÌ ±ÛÀº Ȳ¿øÈñ °³ÀÎÀÌ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±ÛÀÇ ¿À¿ª¿¡ µû¸¥ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±ÛÀÇ À߸øµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ¿¬¶ôÇØ Áֽøé
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Copyright ¨Ï 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 by the PHP Documentation Group
Copyright (¿ªÀÚÁÖ : ¿ø¹®ÀÇ ¹ýÀûÀÎ È¿·Â¹®Á¦·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ³»¿ëÀº GPLÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
This manual is © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 by the PHP Documentation Group. The members of this group are listed on the front page of this manual.
This manual can be redistributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
PHP Version 3.0Àº HTML¿¡ ³»ÀåµÇ¾î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾ð¾îÀÌ´Ù.(HTML-embedded scripting language) PHP´Â C¿Í Java, PerlµîÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¹Àº ¹®Àå Çü½ÄÀ» ºô·Á¾²°í ÀÖ°í, ¸î°¡Áö´Â °íÀ¯ÇÑ °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº À¥°³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ µ¿ÀûÀÎ À¥¹®¼¸¦ ºü¸£°í ½±°Ô ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ø·¡ ¿µ¹® ¸Å´º¾óÀº DocBook DTDÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ SGML·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, formattingÀ» À§Çؼ´Â DSSSL (Document Style and Semantics Specification Language)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Tex¿Í RTF¹öÁ¯µµ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÇÑ±Û ¹®¼´Â ¿ªÀÚÀÇ ÆíÀǸ¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏ´Ü HTML¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
PHP´Â server-side HTML-embedded scripting languageÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
°£´ÜÇÑ ´äÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ±î? ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
Example 1-1. An introductory example <html><head><title>Example</title> <body> <?php echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!"; ?> </body></html> |
PerlÀ̳ª C¿Í°°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¿Í ´Ù¸£°Ô HTMLÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥ ¸¹Àº ¸í·É¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº HTML³»¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ(À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ÇÑÁÙÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿ Ãâ·Â)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ Àû¾îÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. PHP ÄÚµå´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½ÃÀÛ/³¡ ÅÂÅ©»çÀÌ¿¡ µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ Å±״ "PHP ¸ðµå"·Î µé¾î°¡°Å³ª ³ª¿À°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PHP°¡ client-side Javascript °°Àº °Í°ú ±¸º°µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ Äڵ尡 ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
°¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ·¹º§¿¡¼, PHP´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. form data¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°í, µ¿ÀûÀÎ À¥ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé°Å³ª, Cookie¸¦ º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ¸¶ PHPÀÇ °¡Àå °·ÂÇÏ°í °ü½É°¡´Â ºÎºÐÀº database¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ºÎºÐÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. PHP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº DatabaseÀÇ Data¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ Web page¸¦ ³î¶øµµ·Ï °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â DB serverµéÀ» ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
Adabas D
InterBase
Solid
dBase
mSQL
Sybase
Empress
MySQL
Velocis
FilePro
Oracle
Unix dbm
Informix
PostgreSQL
PHP´Â IMAP³ª SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTPµîÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݵéÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ºñ½ºµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ±³È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â raw network ¼ÒÄÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé, ±×¿ÜÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݵéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP´Â 1994³â °¡À» Rasmus Lerdorf°¡ óÀ½ °í¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. óÀ½ ºñ°ø°³ÆÇÀº ±×ÀÇ È¨ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ¿ÜºÎ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ °ÍÀº 1995³â ÃʺÎÅÍ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î Personal Home Page Tools¶ó°í ºÒ¸®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸î °³ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¸ÅÅ©·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ Æļ(¸í·É Çؼ®±â) ¿£Áø°ú ¹æ¸í·ÏÀ̳ª Ä«¿îÅÍ °°ÀÌ È¨ÆäÀÌÁöÀÇ µÚ¿¡¼ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Æļ°¡ 1995³â Á߹ݿ¡ ÀçÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î PHP/FI Version 2¶ó°í ¸í¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. FI´Â Rasmus°¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ html Çü½ÄÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º°µµÀÇ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö¸¦ ÇÕÄ¡°í mSQLÀ» Áö¿øÇϵµ·ÏÇÏ¿© PHP/FI¸¦ ź»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù. PHP/FI´Â ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´°í, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ °øÇåÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Á¤È®ÇÑ Åë°è´Â ¾øÁö¸¸ 1996³â ÈÄ¹Ý PHP/FI´Â Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 15,000°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ¾ú°í, 1997³â Á߹ݿ¡ ±×¼ö´Â 50,000À¸·Î ´Ã¾î³µ´Ù. 1997³â Áß¹Ý PHP´Â ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯È¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. À̶§ºÎÅÍ PHP´Â RasmusÀÇ °³ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÆÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °³¹ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »õ Æļ´Â Zeev Suraski¿Í Andi Gutmans°¡ Àç ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, PHP Version 3¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¸¹Àº PHP/FIÀÇ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ ¿Å°Ü¿Ô°í, ±×¿Ü¿¡µµ ¸¹Àº ±â´ÉµéÀÌ »õ·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù.
1998³â Áß¹ÝÀÎ ÇöÀç PHP/FI³ª PHP3´Â C2ÀÇ StrongHold web server³ª RedHat Linux°°Àº ¿©·¯ »ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ Á¦Ç°°ú ÇÔ²² Á¦°øµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 150,000°³ÀÇ À¥»çÀÌÆ®°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼ö´Â ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼ Netscape's flagship Enterprise serverÀÇ »ç¿ë¼öº¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù.
ÀÌ ±ÛÀÌ ¾²¿©Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¿îµ¥, PHPÀÇ Â÷±â ¹öÀüÀÌ Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÖ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î PHP´Â Zend °°Àº È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¿£Áø°ú ApacheÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼µµ ¸ðµâ·Î ½ÇÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÃֽŹöÀüÀÇ ¼Ò½º¿Í (À©µµ¿ìÁ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ)¿©·¯ Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀ» http://www.php.net¿¡¼ ³»·Á ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÀåÀº PHP¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áö½Ä°ú ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î :
±âº»ÀûÀÎ UNIX »ç¿ë¹ý ("make"¿Í C ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ÀÇ »ç¿ë)
ANSI C ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯
web ¼¹ö
1 2 1. gunzip apache_1.3.x.tar.gz 3 2. tar xvf apache_1.3.x.tar 4 3. gunzip php-3.0.x.tar.gz 5 4. tar xvf php-3.0.x.tar 6 5. cd apache_1.3.x 7 6. ./configure --prefix=/www 8 7. cd ../php-3.0.x 9 8. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x --enable-track-vars 10 9. make 11 10. make install 12 11. cd ../apache_1.3.x 13 12. ./configure --prefix=/www --activate-module=src/modules/php3/libphp3.a 14 13. make 15 14. make install 16 17 ÀÌ ´Ü°è ´ë½Å httpd ÀÌÁø ÆÄÀÏÀ» ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µ¤¾î ¾µ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. 18 ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ·Á¸é ¿ì¼± httpd ¼¹ö¸¦ ²ô´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸»µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. 19 20 21 15. cd ../php-3.0.x 22 16. cp php3.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php3.ini 23 24 ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌÁ¦ PHPÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» °íÄ¡±âÀ§ÇØ /usr/local/lib/php3.ini¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. 25 ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¿Å±â°í ½Í´Ù¸é À§ÀÇ 8´Ü°è¿¡¼ --with-config-file=/path ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. 26 27 28 17. Edit your httpd.conf or srm.conf file and add: 29 30 AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3 31 32 ¿©±â¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº .php3¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ È®ÀåÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. 33 ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϴ´ë·Î ±×³É .php3¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. 34 35 18. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹æ½Ä´ë·Î Apache ¼¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. 36 (¹Ýµå½Ã stop°ú startÇÏ¿© Àç½Ãµ¿ÇÏ¿©¾ßÇÑ´Ù. 37 HUPÀ̳ª USR1°°Àº signalÀ» ÁÖ´Â µîÀÇ reload¸¸ Çؼ´Â ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.) 38 |
PHP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â Å©°Ô µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù.
PHP¸¦ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé·Á¸é, "Build as an Apache module?"ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ "yes"·Î ´äÇÏ°í, Apache ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ base µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. (configure¿¡¼´Â --with-apache=DIR ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.) ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Apache ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ¹èÆ÷º»À» /usr/local/src/apache_1.3.3¿¡ Ç®¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù¸é, ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮°¡ Apache ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ base µð·ºÅ丮°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±âº» µð·ºÅ丮´Â /usr/local/etc/httpdÀÌ´Ù.
PHP¸¦ fhttpd ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé·Á¸é, "Build as an fhttpd module?"ÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ "yes"·Î ´äÇÏ°í, fhttpd ¼Ò½ºÀÇ base µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. (configure¿¡¼´Â --with-fhttpd=DIR ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.) ±âº» µð·ºÅ丮´Â /usr/local/src/fhttpdÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ fhttpd¸¦ ¿î¿µÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé¾î ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ¼º´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇϸç, ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦¾î¿Í ¿ø°Ý ½ÇÇà ´É·Âµµ Çâ»óµÈ´Ù.
PHP´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ PHP°¡ ¸ðµâ·Î Á¦°øµÇ´Â À¥ ¼¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÁßÀ̶ó¸é, ÇØ´ç ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÁÀº ¼º´ÉÀ» ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, CGI ¹öÀüÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ »ç¿ëÀڵ鿡°Ô ´Ù¸¥ user-id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º°µµÀÇ PHP-enabled ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à PHP¸¦ CGI·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é Security chapter¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
PHP´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ databaseµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÀ¯ÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. (ODBCµµ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.)
--with-adabas=DIR
Adabas D Áö¿øÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº Adabas D°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ DirectoryÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/adabasdÀÌ´Ù.
--with-dbase
DBaseÁö¿øÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÑ´Ù. º°µµÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù.
--with-filepro
¹øµéµÈ Àбâ Àü¿ë filePro(bundled read-only filePro)¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. º°µµÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù.
--with-msql=DIR
mSQLÀ» Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº mSQLÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/HughesÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮´Â mSQL 2.0 ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ ±âº» µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù. configure´Â ÇöÀç ÀÛµ¿ÁßÀÎ mSQLÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ŽÁöÇÏ¿© 1.0°ú 2.0Áß Çϳª¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à PHP°¡ mSQL 1.0Áö¿øÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾú´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº mSQL 2.0 database´Â »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î 2.0À¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é 1.0 database´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
See also mSQL Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-mysql=DIR
MySQLÀ» Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº MySQLÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/localÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮´Â MySQL ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ ±âº» µð·ºÅ丮 ÀÌ´Ù.
See also MySQL Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-iodbc=DIR
iODBCÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº iODBC µå¶óÀ̹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇØ ¸Ç ¸ÕÀú °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ iODBC µå¶óÀ̹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ ¸¹Àº UNIXÇÏ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ¹«·á ¹èÆ÷°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ODBC µå¶óÀ̹ö °ü¸®ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. DIRÀº iODBC°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/localÀÌ´Ù.
FreeODBC home page or iODBC home page--with-openlink=DIR
OpenLink ODBC Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº OpenLink ODBC°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/openlinkÀÌ´Ù.
--with-oracle=DIR
¿À¶óŬ Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À¶óŬ ¹öÀü 7.0¿¡¼ 7.3±îÁö´Â µ¿ÀÛÀ» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. DIRÀº ORACLE_HOME µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù. ¿À¶óŬ ȯ°æÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, DIRÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
--with-pgsql=DIR
IPostgreSQLÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº PostgreSQLÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ base µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/pgsqlÀÌ´Ù.
See also Postgres Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-solid=DIR
SolidÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. =DIRÀº Solid°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/solidÀÌ´Ù.
--with-sybase=DIR
SybaseÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº Sybase°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /home/sybaseÀÌ´Ù.
See also Sybase Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-sybase-ct=DIR
Sybase-CTÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº Sybase-CT°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /home/sybaseÀÌ´Ù.
See also Sybase-CT Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-velocis=DIR
VelocisÁö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº Velocis°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/velocisÀÌ´Ù.
--with-custom-odbc=DIR
»ç¿ëÀÚ ÁöÁ¤ÀÇ ODBC ¶óÀ̺귯¸® Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº base µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/localÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº configure ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¶§ CUSTOM_ODBC_LIBS¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ¾ú¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ include path¿¡´Â ÀûÇÕÇÑ odbc.h¶ó´Â Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î¼ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çì´õ¿¡´Â Á» Ưº°ÇÑ Á¤ÀǵéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ƯÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀÌ multiplatformÀÏ °æ¿ì´Â »ó¼¼È÷ Àû¾îÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±× Á¤ÀÇ´ÂCFLAGS ¿É¼Ç¿¡ Àû¾îÁØ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î QNX ÇÏ¿¡¼ Sybase SQL Anywhere¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. : CFLAGS=-DODBC_QNX LDFLAGS=-lunix CUSTOM_ODBC_LIBS="-ldblib -lodbc" ./configure --with-custom-odbc=/usr/lib/sqlany50
--disable-unified-odbc
Unified ODBC ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Unified ODBC ¸ðµâÀº Solid³ª Adabas D°°Àº ODBC±â ¹ÝÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º(ODBC-based interface)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç databaseÀÇ °øÅëÀÇ interfaceÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº º¸ÅëÀÇ ODBC ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº iODBC¿Í Solid, Adabas D, Sybase SQL Anywhere¿¡¼ ½ÃÇèÀ» °ÅÃÆ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á ¸é À§ÀÇ ¸ðµâµé Áß Çϳª(¹Ýµå½Ã Çϳª¸¸)°Å³ª, vELOCIS ¸ðµâÀÌ enabledµÇ¾î Àְųª custom ODBC library°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÁß Çϳª°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¸¸ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. : --with-iodbc, --with-solid, --with-adabas, --with-velocis, --with-custom-odbc.
See also Unified ODBC Configuration Directives in the configuration file.
--with-ldap=DIR
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. DIRÀº LDAP°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ base µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ°í, ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/ldapÀÌ´Ù.
LDAP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº RFC1777 °ú RFC1778¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
--with-mcrypt
mcrypt ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº mcrypt documentationÀ» º¸ÀÚ. DIR ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁְԵǸé PHP´Â DIR/include¿¡¼ mcrypt.h¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.
--enable-sysvsem
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ UNIX¿¡¼ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Sys V ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾îÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Semaphore and Shared Memory documentationÀ» ÀÐ¾î º¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
--enable-sysvshm
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ UNIX¿¡¼ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Sys V ÀÇ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®(shared memory) Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Semaphore and Shared Memory documentationÀ» ÀÐ¾î º¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
--with-xml
James ClarkÀÇ expat library¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ, ¾ÆÁ÷ °øÀιÞÁö ¸øÇÑ XML parser¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº XML function referenceÀ» º¸ÀÚ.
--enable-maintainer-mode
PHP°³¹ßÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ ÁÖÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö³ª, extra dependencie ¸Þ½ÃÁöµîÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
--with-system-regex
Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä(regular expression) ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ PHP¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦°øµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ PHP¸¦ ¼¹ö ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¼¹ö¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ PHP¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§µµ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Enable½ÃÅ°µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ±×·¯³ª, °¡´ÉÇϸé PHP¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦°øµÈ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÇÀåµÈ´Ù.
--with-config-file-path=DIR
PHP°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ configuration file(php3.ini)À» ãÀ» µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁØ´Ù.
--with-exec-dir=DIR
¾ÈÀü ¸ðµå(safe mode)ÀÏ ¶§, ¿©±â¼ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁØ =DIR¾ÈÀÇ ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀϸ¸ ½ÇÇàÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº /usr/local/binÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÜÁö Default°ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ°í, configuration fileÀÇ safe_mode_exec_dir Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹Ù²ð ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
--disable-debug
¶óÀ̺귯¸®³ª ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µð¹ö±× Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µð¹ö±× Á¤º¸´Â ¹ö±×ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, PHP°¡ alpha³ª beta»óÅÂÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µð¹ö±× Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
--enable-safe-mode
±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î "¾ÈÀü ¸ðµå"(safe mode)¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÈÀü ¸ðµå´Â ¹®¼ÀÇ root¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀϸ¸À» ¿¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â µî, PHP°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Á¦¾àÀ» °¡ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Security chapter¸¦ Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. CGI»ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª secure mode¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÜÁö Default °ªÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ°í, ÈÄ¿¡ configuration fileÀÇ safe_mode Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Enable/Disable µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
--enable-track-vars
HTTP_GET_VARS, HTTP_POST_VARS, HTTP_COOKIE_VARS ¹è¿¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â GET / POST / cookie º¯¼öµéÀÌ ¾îµð¼ ¿Ô´ÂÁö ±â¾ïÇÏ°í ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÜÁö Default °ªÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ°í, ÈÄ¿¡ configuration fileÀÇ track_vars Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Enable/Disable µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
--enable-magic-quotes
magic quotesÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀ» Enable·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÜÁö Default °ªÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ°í, ÈÄ¿¡ configuration fileÀÇ magic_quotes_runtimeÁö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Enable/Disable µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
magic_quotes_gpc ¿Í magic_quotes_sybase Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
--enable-debugger
³»ÀåµÈ PHP µð¹ö°Å Áö¿øÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
configuration fileÀÇ Debugger Configuration Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
--enable-discard-path
¸¸¾à ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ EnabledµÇ¸é, PHP CGI ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀÌ À¥ Æ®¸® ¹Û¿¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô À§Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾î »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ .htaccess security¸¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº section in the security chapter¸¦ Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
--enable-bcmath
bc Çü½ÄÀÇ ¼öÀÇ Á¤¹Ðµµ(precision)¸¦ ¸¶À½´ë·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼öÇÐ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
See also the bcmath.scale option in the configuration file.
--enable-force-cgi-redirect
³»ºÎÀûÀÎ ¼¹ö ¸®µð·ºÆ®(internal server redirects) ½Ã¿¡ º¸¾È °Ë»ç(security check)¸¦ Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Apache¿Í ÇÔ²² CGI ¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
GI binaryÇüÅ·ΠPHP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§, PHP´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸®µð·º¼ÇÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ ¿ì¼± °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Apache¿¡¼ Action directives¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù). ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé http://my.host/cgi-bin/php/secret/doc.html°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î PHP binary¸¦ Á÷Á¢ È£ÃâÇÏ¿© Ç¥ÁØ web server authentication ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¹´Â http://my.host/secret/doc.html¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, httpd°¡ /secretµð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ º¸¾È ¼³Á¤¿¡µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» EnableÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é httpddÀÇ º¸¾È°ú ÀÎÁõ ¼³Á¤À» üũÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ȸÇÇ°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼¹ö ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¸®µð·º¼ÇÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°í, document root¿Í »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅ丮 ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª °³¹æµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ.
ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº section in the security chapterÀ» Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù
--disable-short-tags
short form <? ?> PHP ű×ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PHP¿Í XMLÀ» ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì short formÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ªÀº ű×ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é, PHPÀÇ ÄÚµå´Â ű״ <?php ?> »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÜÁö Default °ªÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ°í, ÈÄ¿¡ configuration fileÀÇ short_open_tag Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Enable/Disable µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
--enable-url-includes
include()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© PHP¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ´Ù¸¥ HTTP³ª FTP¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Äڵ带 ½ÇÇà½Ãų¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
See also the include_path option in the configuration file.
--disable-syntax-hl
syntax highlighting ±â´ÉÀ» ²ö´Ù.
PHP¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¶§ ´Ù¸¥ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çì´õ³ª ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ã¾Æ¼ ¸¸µé·Á¸é, CPPFLAGS ¿Í LDFLAGS ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ °¢°¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½©À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. LDFLAGS=-L/my/lib/dir CPPFLAGS=-I/my/include/dir ./configure
PHPÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PHP ¶óÀ̺귯¸®³ª CGI ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÒ Áغñ°¡ ³¡³ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. make ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø°í ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸ð¸¦ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Problems sectionÀ» »ìÆ캸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : PHP¸¦ Apache ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù¸é restart°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ stopÈÄ startÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)
PHP¸¦ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾ú´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº make test¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© Å×½ºÆ®ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº °á°ú¹°À» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏ´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ È¯°æ¿¡¼ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹®Á¦·Î °ñÄ¡ ½âÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ¹Ì¸® PHPÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
PHP¸¦ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾ú´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº make bench¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÈÀü ¸ðµå(safe mode)ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀÌ on µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â, ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÈ 30ÃÊ º¸´Ù ¸¹ÀÌ °É¸®°Ô µÇ¸é º¥Ä¡¸¶Å©¸¦ ³¡³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ÈÀü ¸ðµå¿¡¼´Â set_time_limit() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ max_execution_timeÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ½Ã°£ °£°ÝÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. make bench´Â configuration fileÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡ ¾È³»¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô PHP¸¦ Windows 9x/NT À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤Çϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¾È³»¼´Â Bob Silva¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °¡Àå ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °³Á¤ÆÇÀº http://www.umesd.k12.or.us/php/win32install.html¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¾È³»¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº À¥¼¹ö¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Personal Web Server (Newest version recommended)
Internet Information Server 3 or 4
Apache 1.3.x
Omni HTTPd 2.0b1
À¥ ¼¹öÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í °ü°è¾øÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ °úÁ¤µéÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
c:\windows for Windows 95/98 |
c:\winnt or c:\winnt40 for NT servers |
PHP È®ÀåÀ» À§ÇÑ DLLµéÀº 'php3_'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHP È®ÀåÀ» À§ÇÑ DLLµé°ú ÀÚüÀûÀÎ Áö¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ DLLµé°£ÀÇ È¥¶õÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇؼÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¼¹öµé¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀÇ INF ÆÄÀÏ(php_iis_reg.inf)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â PHP ¼³Ä¡ µð·ºÅ丮¿Í È®Àå ³»¿ëµéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¼öµ¿À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇ : ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº À©µµ¿ìÀÇ resistry¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ´Ù·ì´Ï´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Àüü¸¦ ºÒ¾ÈÇÑ »óÅ·Π¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ registry¸¦ ÆíÁýÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÆíÁý ÀüÀÇ registry¸¦ ¹é¾÷ÇØ ³õÀ» °Í. PHP °³¹ßÆÀÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ registryÀÇ Æļյµ Ã¥ÀÓÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à registry¿¡ ¼Õ»óÀÌ °¥ °æ¿ì OS¸¦ »õ·Î ±ò±â Àü¿¡´Â ºÎÆõÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
PWS¿Í IIS 3 »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ÇöÀç ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¿î¿µÁßÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. IIS 3 »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº Steven Genusa°¡ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¸ÊÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ toolÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
PHP¸¦ IIS 4°¡ ¿î¿µÁßÀÎ NT Server¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½ °úÁ¤À» µû¸¥´Ù.
Apache¸¦ PHP CGI binary¿Í ÇÔ²² ½ÇÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ·Á¸é srm.confÀ̳ª httpd.conf¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ºñ·Ï ApacheÇÏ¿¡¼ PHPÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾à°£ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖÀ»Áö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº Ãʺ¸ÀÚµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ½±´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ³ª¿Â °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼³Á¤ Áö½ÃÀÚ´Â Apache Docs¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
¼Ò½º ÄÚµå ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆà ±â´É(¼Ò½º¿¡ »ö±òÀ» ³Ö¾î¼ º¸±â ÁÁ°Ô Ãâ·ÂÇØ ÁÖ´Â ±â´É)À» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» °¡Áö´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¸¸µé¾îÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. : <?php show_source ("original_php_script.php3"); ?>. ¿©±â¼ original_php_script.php3¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼Ò½º ÄÚµåÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
Note: Win-Apache¿¡¼ "c:\directory\file.ext"¿Í °°ÀÌ path¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¹é½½·¡½Ã(\)´Â ÀÏ¹Ý ½½·¡½Ã(/)·Î ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº ¸Å¿ì ½¬¿î ÆíÀÌ´Ù.
Step 1: Omni server¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. |
Step 2: system trayÀÇ Çª¸¥»ö OmniHTTPd ¾ÆÀÌÄÜ¿¡¼ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ¹öÆ°À» Ŭ¸¯ÇÏ¿© Properties(µî·ÏÁ¤º¸)¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. |
Step 3: Web Server Global SettingsÀ» Ŭ¸¯ÇÑ´Ù. |
Step 4: 'External' ÅÇ¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. : virtual = .php3 | actual = c:\path-to-php-dir\php.exe |
Step 5: Mime ÅÇ¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. : virtual = wwwserver/stdcgi | actual = .php3 |
Step 6: OK¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ÇÑ´Ù. |
PHPÀÇ ¸ðµç È®ÀåÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ steps 2 - 6À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.
Table 2-1. PHP Modules
php3_calendar.dll |
Calendar conversion functions |
php3_crypt.dll |
Crypt functions |
php3_dbase.dll |
DBase functions |
php3_dbm.dll |
GDBM emulation via Berkely DB2 library |
php3_filepro.dll |
READ ONLY access to filepro databases |
php3_gd.dll |
GD Library functions for gif manipulation |
php3_hyperwave.dll |
HyperWave functions |
php3_imap4r2.dll |
IMAP 4 functions |
php3_ldap.dll |
LDAP functions |
php3_msql1.dll |
mSQL 1 client |
php3_msql2.dll |
mSQL 2 client |
php3_mssql.dll |
MSSQL client (requires MSSQL DB-Libraries) |
php3_mysql.dll |
MySQL functions |
php3_nsmail.dll |
Netscape mail functions |
php3_oci73.dll |
Oracle functions |
php3_snmp.dll |
SNMP get and walk functions (NT only!) |
php3_zlib.dll |
ZLib functions |
ÀϺΠÁú¹®µéÀº °øÅëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. PHP FAQ¿¡ ÀÌ °øÅëÀûÀÎ Áú¹®µéÀÌ ¸ð¿©ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ã¾Æº¸ÀÚ. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â http://www.php.net/FAQ.php3¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(¿ªÀÚÁÖ : FAQÀÇ ¹ø¿ªº»Àº http://w3.to/regina/FAQ.htm¿¡ ¹ø¿ªµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÃÖ½ÅÆÇÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Bug¶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÉ °æ¿ì ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã º¸°íÇØ Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. PHPÀÇ °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ±× ¹ö±×¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ±â Àü¿¡´Â ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¹ö±× ·¹Æ÷Æ®·Î ±× ¹ö±×µéÀ» ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ö±× º¸°í¿ë ÆûÀÌ PHP »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¾ç½ÄÀº http://ca.php.net/bugs.php3¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚÁÖ: ¹ö±× ·¹Æ÷Æ®´Â ¿µ¾î·Î ½á¾ß °ÚÁö¿ä. Hi)
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °í»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, PHPÀÇ ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®(mailing list)°¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¾î¶² Áú¹®À» Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿ì¼± º¸°ü ¹®¼(archive)¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¾Æ °°Àº ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ã¾Æº¸´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¸»µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. º¸°ü ¹®¼´Â http://www.php.net/¿¡¼ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. PHP ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ·Á¸é php3-subscribe@lists.php.netÀ¸·Î ºó ÆíÁö¸¦ Çϳª º¸³»¸é µÈ´Ù. mailing list ÁÖ¼Ò´Â php3@lists.php.netÀÌ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ mailing list¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ¾î¶² µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, Áú¹®½Ã¿¡ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°í ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Áú¹®°ú ÇÔ²², ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿î¿µ ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎÇ׸ñÀ» ÷ºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù (¿î¿µÃ¼°è, PHP ¹öÀü, À¥¼¹öÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¹öÀü, PHP¸¦ CGI·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ðµâ·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö µî). ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´ç¸éÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀçÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Äڵ带 Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°¸é ´õ¿í ÁÁ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚÁÖ: À̰͵µ ´ç¿¬È÷ ¿µ¾î·Î ½á¾ß °ÚÁö¿ä. Hi)
¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏ(configuration file)Àº (PHP 3.0¿¡¼´Â php3.ini ÀÌ°í, PHP 4.0¿¡¼´Â php.ini ÀÌ´Ù.) PHP°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù. ¼¹ö ¸ðµâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ PHP´Â ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¼¹ö°¡ ½ÇÇà µÉ ¶§ Çѹø¸¸ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. CGIÇüÅÂÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ºÒ·ÁÁú ¶§¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø ÀϾÙ.
PHP¸¦ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â, PHPÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» Apache configuration ÆÄÀÏ°ú .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP 3.0¿¡¼´Â, PHPÀÇ Áö½ÃÀÚ(directive)µé°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Apache httpd.conf Áö½ÃÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. httpd.conf¿¡¼ÀÇ Áö½ÃÀÚ À̸§Àº php3.iniÀÇ Áö½ÃÀÚ À̸§ ¾Õ¿¡ "php3_"¸¦ ºÙÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PHP 4.0¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸î °³ÀÇ Apache Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¸À¸·Î PHP ¼³Á¤À» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : PHP¸¦ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì httpd.conf¿¡ Àû¾îÁØ ¿É¼Ç¸¸ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. )
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : httpd.conf¿¡ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Àû´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Á¶±Ý ´Ù¸£´Ù. "="À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸»°í ±×³É ÇÑÄÀ» ¶ç°í Àû¾îÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
include_path ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. php3_include_path .:/home/httpd/php-lib )
ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤µÈ ¼³Á¤°ªÀº phpinfo()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °³°³ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â get_cfg_var()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
Note: ASP-style tags Áö¿øÀº 3.0.4 ¹öÀü¿¡¼ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
none °ªÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÇ¸é auto-appendingÀÌ disableµÈ´Ù.
NOTE: ¸¸¾à ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ exit()·Î Á¾·áµÇ°Ô µÇ¸é auto-append´Â ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
none °ªÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÇ¸é auto-prependingÀÌ disableµÈ´Ù.
Table 3-1. Error Reporting Levels
bit value |
enabled reporting |
---|---|
1 |
normal errors |
2 |
normal warnings |
4 |
parser errors |
8 |
non-critical style-related warnings |
±âº»°ªÀº 7 ÀÌ´Ù(normal errors¿Í normal warnings, parser errors°¡ ·¹Æ÷Æ® µÈ´Ù).
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¾î¶² ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ fopenÀ̳ª gzopenÀ¸·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§ ±× ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÁöÁ¤µÈ À§Ä¡¿¡ Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÁöÁ¤µÈ µð·ºÆ¼¸®¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, PHP´Â ÀÌ ¿±â µ¿ÀÛÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç symbolic linkµéÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¹Ù²î¾î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ symbolic link¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
.À̶ó´Â ÁöÁ¤µÈ °ªÀ» ÁÖ¸é ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µð·ºÅ丮°¡ base-directory·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
Windows¿¡¼´Â ¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·Ð(;)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ´Ù¸¥ OS¿¡¼´Â ÄÝ·Ð(:)À¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù. As an Apache module, open_basedir paths from parent directories are now automatically inherited
NOTE: PHP 3.0.7 ºÎÅÍ, ÇÑ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±âº»°ªÀº ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
See also ignore_user_abort().
Example 3-1. UNIX include_path
|
Example 3-2. Windows include_path
|
±âº»°ªÀº .ÀÌ´Ù. (ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮¸¸)
sendmailÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °æ¿ì ÇöÀç Á¦°øµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÞÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ sendmail ȣȯ ¸í·É(wrapper/replacement)À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î Qmail »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â º¸Åë /var/qmail/bin/sendmail·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
dynamic loadingÀ» ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çϴ ù ¹ø ° ÀÌÀ¯´Â º¸¾È»óÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. dynamic loading¿¡¼´Â ¸ðµç safe_mode ¼³Á¤°ú open_basedir ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¹«½ÃµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±âº»°ªÀº ¸ðµç dynamic loadingÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ü, safe-mode¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡´Â Ç×»ó dl()ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇØ Áø´Ù.
PHP´Â °·ÂÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀ̵ð. ±× ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ´Â À¥¼¹öÀÇ ¸ðµâ·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°Ç CGI binary·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°Ç °£¿¡, ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ¸í·ÉÀ̳ª ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¼¹ö·Î ³×Æ®¿÷ ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Ư¼ºµéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌµç ½ÇÇà½ÃÄÑ À¥¼¹ö¸¦ ºÒ¾ÈÇÑ »óÅ·Π¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. PHP´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ PerlÀ̳ª Cº¸´Ù Á»´õ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÄÄÆÄÀϽóª ½ÇÇà½Ã ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇµéÀ» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼±ÅÃÇÔÀ¸·Î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ò°ú º¸¾È»óÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ» Á¶È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¿É¼Ç ¼±Åà »çÇ×µéÀº PHP¸¦ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ°ú ¼¹öÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó º¸¾È»óÀÇ ÇãÁ¡À» ³ëÃâ½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀåÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ ¹æ¹ý°ú ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
CGI binary ÇüÅÂÀÇ PHP´Â ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¼¹ö ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î(¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ °°Àº)ÀÇ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, PHP¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ CGI wrapper¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾ÈÀüÇÑ chroot¿Í setuid ȯ°æÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â °÷¿¡ ¶§¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº º¸Åë ½ÇÇàÇÒ PHP binary¸¦ À¥¼¹öÀÇ cgi-binµð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CERT ±Ç°í»çÇ× CA-96.11¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¸ðµç ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®Å͵éÀº cgi-bin¿¡ ¼³Ä¡Çϵµ·Ï ±Ç°íµÈ´Ù. ºñ·Ï PHP binary°¡ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, PHP´Â ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î³¾ °¡´ÉÇÑ °ø°ÝÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸·¾Æ³»µµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. :
ÀÌ url³»ÀÇ ¹°À½Ç¥(?)ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿äûÀº CGI ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ command line argument·Î ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. º¸Åë ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ´Â Ä¿¸Çµå ¶óÀÎÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° argumentÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î¼ ½ÇÇà ÇÑ´Ù.
CGI binary·Î ½ÇÇà µÈ PHP´Â ¸ðµç command line argumentµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ urlÀÇ PHP binary ÀÌÈÄÀÇ path Á¤º¸(/secret/doc.html)´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àаí Çؼ®µÇ¾î Áö´Â ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. º¸Åë ¾î¶² À¥¼¹ö ¼³Á¤ Áö½ÃÀÚ(ApacheÀÇ °æ¿ì Action)°¡ http://my.host/secret/script.php3¿Í °°Àº ¹®¼ ¿äûÀ» PHP ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®·Î ¸®µð·ºÆ® Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼³Á¤Çϸé, À¥¼¹ö´Â ¿ì¼± /secret µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ Á¢±Ù ±ÇÇÑÀ» °Ë»çÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ http://my.host/cgi-bin/php/secret/script.php3ÀÇ ¸®µð·ºÆ® ¿äûÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ, ÀÌ ¿äûÀÌ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ form¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, À¥¼¹ö´Â /secret/script.php3 ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù ±ÇÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, /cgi-bin/php ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¸À» ÇàÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé /cgi-bin/php¿¡ Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â À¥¼¹ö»óÀÇ ¸ðµç º¸È£µÈ ¹®¼µéµµ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP¿¡¼´Â ¼¹ö ¹®¼ tree°¡ Á¢±Ù Á¦¾àÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÄÄÆÄÀϽÿ¡ --enable-force-cgi-redirect ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í, ½ÇÇà½Ã¿¡ doc_root¿Í user_dir Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼ ÀÌ °ø°ÝÀ» ¸·¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Á¶ÇÕ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼¹ö°¡ password ³ª ip ±âÁØÀÇ Á¢±Ù ÅëÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »çÇ×µµ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇµéÀº ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À¥¼¹ö°¡ ¸®µð·ºÆ®¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª, ¼¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç ¿ä±¸°¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸®µð·ºÆ®µÈ ¿ä±¸ÀÎÁö ´ëÇØ PHP binary¿Í Åë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ --disable-force-cgi-redirect ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡, http://my.host/cgi-bin/php/dir/script.php3ó·³ Á÷Á¢ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í http://my.host/dir/script.php3°°ÀÌ ¸®µð·º¼Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇؼµµ ¾Æ´Ñ, ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÒ·Á Áú ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ´ëÃ¥À» °±¸ÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸®µð·º¼ÇÀº ¿¹¸¦µé¾î Apache¿¡¼´Â AddHandle°ú Action Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (¾Æ·¡¸¦ º¸¼¼¿ä.)
ÀÌ ÄÄÆÄÀϽÃÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ http://my.host/cgi-bin/php/secretdir/script.php3¿Í °°ÀÌ PHP¸¦ Á÷Á¢ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ´ë½Å, ÀÌ ¸ðµå¿¡¼ PHP´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ À¥¼¹öÀÇ ¸®µð·ºÆ® ±ÔÄ¢À» Åë°úÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ parse ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ¸®µð·ºÆ® ¼³Á¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÑ´Ù. :
Action php3-script /cgi-bin/php AddHandler php3-script .php3
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÃÇèÀ» °ÅÃÆ°í, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¸®µð·ºÆ®µÈ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â REDIRECT_STATUS ¶ó´Â ºñ Ç¥ÁØ CGI ȯ°æ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÇ À¥¼¹ö°¡ ¹®¼ ¿ä±¸°¡ Á÷Á¢(direct)ÀÎÁö ¸®µð·ºÆ®(redirect)ÀÎÁö ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡ ¾º¿©Á® ÀÖ´Â CGI ¹öÀüÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ½ÇÇà ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À¥¼¹ö ¹®¼ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ script³ª ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏ °°Àº Active content¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¾Á¾ ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾î Áø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾à°£ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ¿À·ù·Î ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê°í HTML ¹®¼Ã³·³ ±×´ë·Î Ãâ·Â µÈ´Ù¸é, °¢Á¾ ÁöÀû Àç»êÀ̳ª Password°°Àº º¸¾È»óÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ ´©¼³µÇ´Â °á°ú°¡ ÃÊ·¡µÉ Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¹Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³õ°í, ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮´Â PHP CGI¸¦ ÅëÇؼ¸¸ Á¢±ÙÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î ³õ¾Æ ½ÇÇàÀº °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ º¸¿©ÁöÁö´Â ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, ÀüÀå¿¡¼ ±â¼úÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, ¿ä±¸°¡ ¸®µð·ºÆ®µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í È®ÀÎÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, À¥ ¹®¼ÀÇ root¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ doc_root¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº php3.iniÀÇ doc_root Áö½ÃÀÚ¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϰųª, PHP_DOCUMENT_ROOT¶ó´Â ȯ°æº¯¼ö °ª¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î, PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¹®¼ÀÇ root¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, CGI ¹öÀüÀÇ PHP´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÌ doc_root¿Í request¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¸¸µç´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Û¿¡¼´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µµ ½ÇÇàµÉ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ¸¸µé°Ô µÈ´Ù. (¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â user_dir ¸¸Àº ¿¹¿ÜÀÌ´Ù)
ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼ ¶Ç Çϳª »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀº user_dirÀÌ´Ù. user_dirÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» doc_root¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ù. http://my.host/~user/doc.php3°°Àº url·Î´Â user home directory¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´ÜÁö doc_root¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ~user/doc.php3 ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÎ¸¦ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. (¹°·Ð Æ¿µ¥[~]·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â "~user"¶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù.)
¸¸¾à user_dirÀÌ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î public_php·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, http://my.host/~user/doc.php3¿Í °°Àº ¿ä±¸´Â userÀÇ home µð·ºÅ丮 ¹ØÀÇ public_php¶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮 ¹ØÀÇ doc.php3¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» È£Ãâ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ homeÀÌ /home/user¶ó¸é, ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀº /home/user/public_php/doc.php3ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
user_dir È®ÀåÀº doc_root ¼³Á¤°ú °ü·Ã¾øÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº document root¿Í user directory Á¢±Ù ÅëÁ¦¸¦ º°µµ·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸Å¿ì ½Å·ÚÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î PHP parser binary¸¦ À¥ Æ®¸® ¹Û¿¡´Ù µÎ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î /usr/local/bin °°Àº °÷¿¡ µÐ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ´ÜÁ¡Àº, ¸ðµç PHP ÅÃÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¶óÀο¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô Àû¾îÁÖ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ù. :
#!/usr/local/bin/php
¶ÇÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» À§Çؼ #! shell-escape ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â PerlÀ̳ª sh ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾ð¾î¿Í °°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ PHP°¡ PATH_INFO¿Í PATH_TRANSLATEDÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ´Ù·ç·Á¸é, php parser°¡ --enable-discard-path ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
PHP°¡ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ permissionÀ» °è½Â¹Þ´Â´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î "nobody"·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.)
HTML·ÎºÎÅÍ ºüÁ®³ª¿Í "PHP code mode"·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ 4°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù :
Example 5-1. Ways of escaping from HTML
|
ù ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº short tags°¡ enableµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. short_tags()¸¦ È£ÃâÇϰųª, short_tags run-time ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ÄÄÆÄÀϽÿ¡ --enable-short-tags ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© enableÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
³× ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº ASP-style tags°¡ enableµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. asp_tags run-time ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ÄÄÆÄÀϽÿ¡ --enable-asp_tags ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© enableÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
Note: ASP-style tags´Â 3.0.4ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.
´Ý´Â °ýÈ£´Â newlineÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
°¢°¢ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀº C³ª Perl°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. °¢ ¹®ÀåÀº ;(¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·Ð)À¸·Î Á¾·áµÈ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ Á¾·áÅÃÀÎ ?>´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ³¡À̶ó´Â Àǹ̵µ ÇÔ²² °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ´ÙÀ½ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
1 2 <?php 3 echo "This is a test"; 4 ?> 5 6 <?php echo "This is a test" ?> 7 |
PHP´Â 'C'¿Í 'C++', Unix shell ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¹®À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î :
1 2 <?php 3 echo "This is a test"; // This is a one-line c++ style comment 4 /* This is a multi line comment 5 yet another line of comment */ 6 echo "This is yet another test"; 7 echo "One Final Test"; # This is shell-style style comment 8 ?> 9 |
"one-line" ÁÖ¼®¹®Àº ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³¡À̳ª, Çö php ÄÚµå ºí·ÏÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼ ³¡³´Ù.
1 2 <h1>This is an <?# echo "simple";?> example.</h1> 3 <p>The header above will say 'This is an example'. 4 |
'C' ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¹®Àº Áߺ¹Çؼ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 <?php 3 /* 4 echo "This is a test"; /* ÀÌ ÁÖ¼®¹®Àº ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ´Ù. */ 5 */ 6 ?> 7 |
PHP´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÇüÅÂÀÇ typeÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. :
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÇÔ¼ö¿Í Ŭ·¡½ºµµ º¯¼ö·Î Á¤ÀǵDZâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ À̰͵éÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ º¯¼ö·Î üũµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. )
º¯¼öŸÀÔÀº º¸Åë ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó°¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ´ë½Å, PHP°¡ ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁØ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ º¯¼ö ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é º¯¼ö¸¦ cast Çϰųª, settype() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
Á¾Á¾ º¯¼öµéÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã ¾î¶² ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´À³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Type Juggling ÆíÀ» º¸¸é ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¤¼öÇüÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $a = 1234; # decimal number 3 $a = -123; # a negative number 4 $a = 0123; # octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal) 5 $a = 0x12; # hexadecimal number (equivalent to 18 decimal) 6 |
½Ç¼öÇü("doubles")Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $a = 1.234; $a = 1.2e3; 3 |
¹®ÀÚ¿Àº µÎ °³ÀÇ delimiters¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ Å« µû¿ÈÇ¥(")·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÌ°Ô Ç¥½ÃµÇ¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Æ¯¼ö ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. C³ª Perl¿¡¼Ã³·³ ¹é½½·¡½Ã(\)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ư¼ö ±âÈ£¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Table 6-1. Escaped characters
sequence |
meaning |
---|---|
\n |
newline |
\r |
carriage |
\t |
horizontal tab |
\\ |
backslash |
\$ |
dollar sign |
\" |
double-quote |
¶§·Î´Â ´Ù¸¥ escape¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, worningÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº Å« µû¿ÈÇ¥(") ´ë½Å ÀÛÀº µû¿ÈÇ¥(')¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº \\°ú \'ÀÇ µÎ °³¸¸À» ¹é½½·¡½Ã ó¸®ÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ±×³É µÐ´Ù. ÀÛÀº µû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ ³»¿¡¼´Â º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× °ªÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº here doc ±¸¹®("<<<")À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. <<< µÚ¿¡ Àû´çÇÑ identifier¸¦ Àû¾îÁÖ°í, ¿øÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ÀûÀº ÈÄ¿¡, ¾Õ¿¡ ÀûÀº identifier·Î ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ³¡¸ËÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ³¡¸Ë´Â identifier´Â ÇØ´ç ¶óÀÎÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° Ä¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Example 6-1. Here doc string quoting example
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Note: Here docÀº PHP 4¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.
¹®ÀÚ¿Àº '.' (Á¡) ¿¬»êÀÚ·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. '+' (´õÇϱâ) ¿¬»êÀÚ´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â String operators ºÎºÐÀ» ÂüÁ¶Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
¹®ÀÚ¿³»ÀÇ °³°³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ´Â, C ¾ð¾î¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ¹è¿·ÎµÈ ¹®Àڿó·³ ¹è¿¿¡ ¼ýÀÚ À妽º¸¦ ÅëÇØ Á¢±ÙÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±× ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 6-2. Some string examples
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¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ·Î ´Ù·ç¾îÁú ¶§, °á°ú °ª°ú typeÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¹®ÀÚ¿ ¾È¿¡ '.' À̳ª 'e', 'E'ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ±× typeÀº doubleÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é Á¤¼ö °ªÀÌ´Ù
±× °ªÀº ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ ºÎºÐ±îÁö¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¼ýÀÚ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±× °ªÀº 0ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¼ýÀÚ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â '+'/'-', '0'-'9','.'°ú ¼ýÀÚ µÚÀÇ 'e'³ª 'E' Ç¥½ÃÀÌ´Ù.
ù ¹ø° Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ stringÀÎ °æ¿ì, º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀº ù ¹ø°°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ µÎ ¹ø° Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
1 2 $foo = 1 + "10.5"; // $foo is double (11.5) 3 $foo = 1 + "-1.3e3"; // $foo is double (-1299) 4 $foo = 1 + "bob-1.3e3"; // $foo is integer (1) 5 $foo = 1 + "bob3"; // $foo is integer (1) 6 $foo = 1 + "10 Small Pigs"; // $foo is integer (11) 7 $foo = 1 + "10 Little Piggies"; // $foo is integer (11) 8 $foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1; // $foo is integer (11) 9 $foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0; // $foo is double (11) 10 |
ÀÌ º¯È¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀºUnix manual pageÀÇ strtod(3)À» º¸¾Æ¶ó.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ ½ÇÇèÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ À߶ó ºÙÀÎ ÈÄ¿¡, ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °¡¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÁÙÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype( $foo ) . "<br>\n"; 3 |
¹è¿À» ½ÇÁ¦·Î hash tables (associative arrays) °ú indexed arrays (vectors)ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö·Î µ¿½Ã¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
PHP´Â scalar ¹è¿°ú associative ¹è¿ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. »ç½Ç µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº list()³ª array() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹è¿À» ¸¸µé°Å³ª, °¢ ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ °ªÀ» Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î ¹è¿À» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $a[0] = "abc"; 3 $a[1] = "def"; 4 $b["foo"] = 13; 5 |
¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¯¼ö¿¡ °ªÀ» ´õÇØÁÖ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î ¹è¿À» ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $a[] = "hello"; // $a[2] == "hello" 3 $a[] = "world"; // $a[3] == "world" 4 |
¹è¿Àº Á¤·ÄÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â Çü½Ä¿¡ µû¶ó asort(), arsort(), ksort(), rsort(), sort(), uasort(), usort(), uksort() ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¼ø¼´ë·Î Á¤·ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
count() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹è¿ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò °³¼ö¸¦ ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
next()¿Í prev() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹è¿ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Ž»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹è¿ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Ž»öÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î each() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÂ÷¿ø ¹è¿À̶ó ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÑ´Ù. ¹è¿ÀÇ °¢ Â÷¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ´ÜÁö [key]°ªÀ» µÚ¾î ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
1 2 $a[1] = $f; # one dimensional examples 3 $a["foo"] = $f; 4 5 $a[1][0] = $f; # two dimensional 6 $a["foo"][2] = $f; # (you can mix numeric and associative indices) 7 $a[3]["bar"] = $f; # (you can mix numeric and associative indices) 8 9 $a["foo"][4]["bar"][0] = $f; # four dimensional! 10 |
PHP3¿¡¼, ¹®ÀÚ¿ ³»¿¡¼ ´ÙÂ÷¿ø ¹è¿ÀÇ °ªÀ» Á÷Á¢ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®ÀåÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 $a[3]['bar'] = 'Bob'; 3 echo "This won't work: $a[3][bar]"; 4 |
PHP3¿¡¼ À§ÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀº won't work: Array[bar] ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é ¹®ÀÚ¿ ¿¬°á ¿¬»êÀÚ(.)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 $a[3]['bar'] = 'Bob'; 3 echo "This will work: " . $a[3][bar]; 4 |
PHP4¿¡¼´Â Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á´Â ¹è¿½ÄÀ» Áß°ýÈ£({})·Î µÑ·¯½ÓÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $a[3]['bar'] = 'Bob'; 3 echo "This will work: {$a[3][bar]}"; 4 |
¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ´ÙÂ÷¿ø ¹è¿¿¡ °ªÀ» ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, associative ¹è¿¿¡ °ªÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î array() ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ÄÚµå´Â ÀÏÂ÷¿ø ¹è¿¿¡ °ªÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °á°ú´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
1 2 # Example 1: 3 4 $a["color"] = "red"; 5 $a["taste"] = "sweet"; 6 $a["shape"] = "round"; 7 $a["name"] = "apple"; 8 $a[3] = 4; 9 10 # Example 2: 11 $a = array( 12 "color" => "red", 13 "taste" => "sweet", 14 "shape" => "round", 15 "name" => "apple", 16 3 => 4 17 ); 18 |
array() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´ÙÂ÷¿ø ¹è¿¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 <? 3 $a = array( 4 "apple" => array( 5 "color" => "red", 6 "taste" => "sweet", 7 "shape" => "round" 8 ), 9 "orange" => array( 10 "color" => "orange", 11 "taste" => "tart", 12 "shape" => "round" 13 ), 14 "banana" => array( 15 "color" => "yellow", 16 "taste" => "paste-y", 17 "shape" => "banana-shaped" 18 ) 19 ); 20 21 echo $a["apple"]["taste"]; # will output "sweet" 22 ?> 23 |
°´Ã¼(Object)¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº new ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© object¸¦ º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀνºÅϽº ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 class foo { 3 function do_foo () { 4 echo "Doing foo."; 5 } 6 } 7 8 $bar = new foo; 9 $bar->do_foo(); 10 |
PHP´Â º¯¼ö ¼±¾ð¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø°í Áö¿øÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â´Ù. º¯¼öÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº º¯¼ö°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹®Àå ¼Ó¿¡¼ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ varÀ̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿ °ªÀ» ÇÒ´çÇϸé var´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ º¯¼ö°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, Á¤¼ö °ªÀ» ÇÒ´çÇϸé Á¤¼ö º¯¼ö°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ ÀÚµ¿ Çü º¯È¯ ¿¹´Â '+' ¿¬»ê¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇÑ ÇÇ ¿¬»êÀÚ°¡ doubleÀÌ¸é ³ª¸ÓÁö ¸ðµç ÇÇ¿¬»êÀÚÀÇ Çüµµ double·Î ¹Ù²î¾î °á°úµµ doubleÇüÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÇÇ¿¬»êÀÚµéÀÌ Á¤¼öÇüÀÌ¸é °á°úµµ Á¤¼öÇüÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÇÇ¿¬»êÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇüÀº ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 $foo = "0"; // $foo is string (ASCII 48) 3 $foo++; // $foo is the string "1" (ASCII 49) 4 $foo += 1; // $foo is now an integer (2) 5 $foo = $foo + 1.3; // $foo is now a double (3.3) 6 $foo = 5 + "10 Little Piggies"; // $foo is integer (15) 7 $foo = 5 + "10 Small Pigs"; // $foo is integer (15) 8 |
¸¶Áö¸· µÎ °³ÀÇ ¿¹°¡ ÀǾÆÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº String conversionÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
¸¸¾à º¯¼ö¸¦ ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ typeÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© °è»êµÇ°Ô ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, Type casting ÆíÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀ» ¹Ù²Ù°í ½Í´Ù¸é settype().À» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ ½ÇÇèÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ À߶ó ºÙÀÎ ÈÄ¿¡, ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °¡¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇØ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÁÙÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype( $foo ) . "<br>\n"; 3 |
Note: ¹è¿·ÎÀÇ ÀÚµ¿ º¯È¯Àº ÇöÀç Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
1 2 $a = 1; // $a is an integer 3 $a[0] = "f"; // $a becomes an array, with $a[0] holding "f" 4À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼´Â $aÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ù ¹ø° ¿ä¼Ò·Î 'f'¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¹è¿ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 $a = "1"; // $a is a string 3 $a[0] = "f"; // What about string offsets? What happens? 4PHP°¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿³»ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ indexingÇؼ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϹǷΠÀ§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â $aÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ "f"·Î Ç϶ó´Â °ÍÀÎÁö, $a¸¦ "f"¶ó´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ù ¹ø° ¿ø¼Ò·Î °¡Áø ¹è¿·Î ¸¸µé¶ó´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼ PHP 3.0.12 ¿Í PHP 4.0b3-RC4¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÚµ¿ º¯È¯Àº Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ°áÀº ÇöÀç ³íÀÇÁßÀÌ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ Type castingÀº C¿¡¼¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù : º¯È¯ÇÏ·Á´Â º¯¼ö ¾Õ¿¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â type À̸§À» °ýÈ£ ¾È¿¡ ½áÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.
1 2 $foo = 10; // $foo is an integer 3 $bar = (double) $foo; // $bar is a double 4 |
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº º¯È¯ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. :
ÅÇ°ú °ø¹éÀº °ýÈ£¾È¿¡¼´Â ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. Áï ´ÙÀ½ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. :
1 2 $foo = (int) $bar; 3 $foo = ( int ) $bar; 4 |
ƯÁ¤ ŸÀÔ°£ÀÇ Çüº¯È¯Àº ±× °á°ú¸¦ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëµéÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
½ºÄ®¶ó°ªÀ̳ª ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹è¿·Î Çü º¯È¯Çϸé, ±× °ªÀº ÇØ´ç ¹è¿ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
1 2 $var = 'ciao'; 3 $arr = (array) $var; 4 echo $arr[0]; // outputs 'ciao' 5 |
½ºÄ®¶ó°ªÀ̳ª ¹®ÀÚ¿À» °´Ã¼·Î Çü º¯È¯Çϸé, ±× °ªÀº ÇØ´ç °´Ã¼ÀÇ 'scalar'¶ó´Â ¼Ó¼ºÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
1 2 $var = 'ciao'; 3 $obj = (object) $var; 4 echo $obj->scalar; // outputs 'ciao' 5 |
PHP´Â ¸ðµç ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÇà µÉ ¶§ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ º¯¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÁß ¼¹öÀÇ Á¾·ù³ª ¹öÀü, ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ¿äÀÎÀ¸·ÎÀÎÇØ ´Þ¶óÁö´Â ¸¹Àº º¯¼öµéÀÌ ÀÌ°÷¿¡ ¹®¼È µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÁß ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ PHP°¡ command-lineÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ ¶§´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ¿©·¯ ¿äÀεéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼´Â °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀΠȯ°æÀÎ Apache (1.3.6)¿¡¼ ¸ðµâ·Î PHP3¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ º¯¼öµéÀ» »ìÆ캸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ º¯¼öµéÀ» º¸·Á¸é phpinfo() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·ÏÇÏÀÚ. (ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.)
Note: ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ¿ÏÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (¿Ïº®ÇÒ »ý°¢µµ ¾ø´Ù.) ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ º¯¼öµéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö Àִ°¡ÀÇ ¿¹½ÃÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀº Apache À¥¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý¼ºµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ À¥¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ º¯¼öµéÀÌ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù°í º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀϺδ ¾ø¾îÁö°í, ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¯¼öµéÀÌ »õ·Î »ý±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¯¼öÁß ´Ù¼ö´Â CGI 1.1 specification¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ±× ³»¿ë´ë·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ°÷ÀÇ º¯¼öÁß PHP°¡ command lineÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ °æ¿ì »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¯¼ö´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.
Contents of the Accept: header from the current request, if there is one.
Contents of the Accept-Charset: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: 'iso-8859-1,*,utf-8'.
Contents of the Accept-Encoding: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: 'gzip'.
Contents of the Accept-Language: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: 'en'.
Contents of the Connection: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: 'Keep-Alive'.
Contents of the Host: header from the current request, if there is one.
The address of the page (if any) which referred the browser to the current page. This is set by the user's browser; not all browsers will set this.
Contents of the User_Agent: header from the current request, if there is one. This is a string denoting the browser software being used to view the current page; i.e. Mozilla/4.5 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.9 i586). Among other things, you can use this value with get_browser() to tailor your page's functionality to the capabilities of the user's browser.
The IP address from which the user is viewing the current page.
The port being used on the user's machine to communicate with the web server.
The absolute pathname of the currently executing script.
The value given to the SERVER_ADMIN (for Apache) directive in the web server configuration file. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host.
The port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication. For default setups, this will be '80'; using SSL, for instance, will change this to whatever your defined secure HTTP port is.
String containing the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages, if enabled.
Filesystem- (not document root-) based path to the current script, after the server has done any virtual-to-real mapping.
Contains the current script's path. This is useful for pages which need to point to themselves.
The URI which was given in order to access this page; for instance, '/index.html'.
These variables are imported into PHP's global namespace from the environment under which the PHP parser is running. Many are provided by the shell under which PHP is running and different systems are likely running different kinds of shells, a definitive list is impossible. Please see your shell's documentation for a list of defined environment variables.
Other environment variables include the CGI variables, placed there regardless of whether PHP is running as a server module or CGI processor.
These variables are created by PHP itself.
Array of arguments passed to the script. When the script is run on the command line, this gives C-style access to the command line parameters. When called via the GET method, this will contain the query string.
Contains the number of command line parameters passed to the script (if run on the command line).
The filename of the currently executing script, relative to the document root. If PHP is running as a command-line processor, this variable is not available.
An associative array of variables passed to the current script via HTTP cookies. Only available if variable tracking has been turned on via either the track_vars configuration directive or the <?php_track_vars?> directive.
An associative array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP GET method. Only available if variable tracking has been turned on via either the track_vars configuration directive or the <?php_track_vars?> directive.
An associative array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP POST method. Only available if variable tracking has been turned on via either the track_vars configuration directive or the <?php_track_vars?> directive.
º¯¼ö°¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ °÷Àº ±× º¯¼ö°¡ ¼±¾ðµÈ °÷ ¾È¿¡¼ ¸¸ÀÌ´Ù. PHP º¯¼öÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¹üÀ§(single scope)¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹üÀ§´Â include³ª require ÆÄÀÏ¿¡µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î :
1 2 $a = 1; 3 include "b.inc"; 4 |
À§¿¡¼ $aº¯¼ö´Â b,inc ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÔ¼ö ¾È¿¡¼ ¼±¾ðµÈ °ÍÀº ÇÔ¼ö ¾È¿¡¼¸¸ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Áö¿ª º¯¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÔ¼ö ¾È¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¿ª º¯¼ö¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°í ã°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î:
1 2 $a = 1; /* global scope */ 3 4 Function Test () { 5 echo $a; /* reference to local scope variable */ 6 } 7 8 Test (); 9 |
ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÇÔ¼ö ¾ÈÀÇ $a º¯¼ö¸¦ Áö¿ªº¯¼ö·Î °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿´°í, Áö¿ªº¯¼ö $a¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« °ªµµ ´ëÀÔµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± Ãâ·Âµµ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº C¿Í´Â ¾à°£ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ Àü¿ªº¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº Àü¿ª º¯¼ö¸¦ ÇÔ¼ö ¾È¿¡ global ¼±¾ðÀ» ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î :
1 2 $a = 1; 3 $b = 2; 4 5 Function Sum () { 6 global $a, $b; 7 8 $b = $a + $b; 9 } 10 11 Sum (); 12 echo $b; 13 |
À§ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â "3"À» Ãâ·ÂÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÔ¼ö ³»¿¡¼ $a and $b¸¦ global·Î ¼±¾ðÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö³»ÀÇ $a, $b´Â Àü¿ª º¯¼ö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÇÔ¼ö ³»¿¡¼ ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àü¿ªº¯¼öÀÇ °³¼ö¿¡´Â Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
Àü¿ª º¯¼ö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â µÎ ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº PHP¿¡¼ Ưº°È÷ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â $GLOBALS¶ó´Â ¹è¿À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 $a = 1; 3 $b = 2; 4 5 Function Sum () { 6 global $a, $b; 7 8 $b = $a + $b; 9 } 10 11 Sum (); 12 echo $b; 13 |
$GLOBALS ¹è¿Àº º¯¼öÀ̸§ÀÌ Key°¡ µÇ°í, ±× º¯¼öÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ °ªÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø associative ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù.
º¯¼ö ¹üÀ§¿¡¼ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¤Àû º¯¼ö(static variable)ÀÌ´Ù. Á¤Àû º¯¼ö´Â Áö¿ª ÇÔ¼ö ³»¿¡¼¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸ Áö¿ª ÇÔ¼ö°¡ Á¾·áµÇ¾îµµ ±× °ªÀ» Àоî¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ :
1 2 Function Test () { 3 $a = 0; 4 echo $a; 5 $a++; 6 } 7 |
À§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö´Â Test()¸¦ ºÎ¸¦ ¶§ ¸¶´Ù $a°¡ 0À¸·Î ´ëÀԵǹǷΠ0À» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 Function Test () { 3 static $a = 0; 4 echo $a; 5 $a++; 6 } 7 |
À§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö´Â Test()¸¦ ºÎ¸¦ ¶§¸¶´Ù óÀ½¿¡´Â 0, ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â 1, ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â 2ÇÏ´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î Çϳª¾¿ Áõ°¡µÈ ¼ö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØ ÁØ´Ù. Áï, $aÀÇ °ªÀÌ º¸Á¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ Á¤Àû º¯¼ö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ recursion¿¡¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Àç±ÍÀûÀÎ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Àç±ÍÀûÀÎ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ¹«ÇÑ ·çÇÁ¿¡ ºüÁú ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿äÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Àç±Í È£ÃâÀ» ³¡³»´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ ¿¹Á¦´Â 10¹øÀÇ Àç±ÍÀû È£ÃâÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. :
1 2 Function Test () { 3 static $a = 0; 4 echo $a; 5 $a++; 6 } 7 |
°¡²û º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§À» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ´À³¥ ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼´Â º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ù²Ù¾î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ. º¸ÅëÀÇ º¯¼ö ¼±¾ðÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
1 2 $a = "hello"; 3 |
¿©±â¼ ÀÌ °¡º¯ º¯¼öÀº º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °ªÀ» º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ´Ù·ê ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼ hello´Â $$¸¦ ¾Õ¿¡ ºÙÀÌ¸é º¯¼ö À̸§À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ :
1 2 $$a = "world"; 3 |
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çϸé PHPÀÇ symbol tree¿¡´Â "hello"¶ó´Â °ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â $a¿Í "world"¶ó´Â °ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â $helloÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ º¯¼ö°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®ÀåÀº :
1 2 echo "$a ${$a}"; 3 |
´ÙÀ½ ¹®Àå°ú ¶È °°Àº Ãâ·ÂÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô µÈ´Ù.:
1 2 echo "$a $hello"; 3 |
ie. µÑÀÇ Ãâ·Â: hello world.
°¡º¯ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¹è¿°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é, ÇÑ°¡Áö ¸ðÈ£¼º ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº, ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ $$a[1]À̶ó°í ½èÀ¸¸é, $a[1]À» ÇϳªÀÇ º¯¼ö·Î º¼ °ÍÀÎÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é $$a¸¦ º¯¼ö·Î º¸°í ±× º¯¼ö¿¡ [1]ÀÇ À妽º¸¦ ÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¿© ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏÀÚ. ÀüÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ${$a[1]}¶ó°í ¾²°í, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ${$a}[1]¶ó°í ¾²¸é µÈ´Ù. ( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ: °¡º¯ º¯¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â Ç×»ó { }·Î µÑ·¯ ½Î´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸±â ÁÁ°í ¿À·ùµµ ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
ÆûÀÌ PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î submitµÇ¸é Æû¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ³»¿ëµéÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø PHP º¯¼ö·Î µé¾î¿Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÆûÀ» º¸ÀÚ :
Example 7-1. Simple form variable
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À§ÀÇ ÆûÀÌ submitµÇ¸é PHP´Â $nameº¯¼ö¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ÀÌ º¯¼ö¿¡ ÆûÀÇ Name: Çʵ忡 ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
PHP´Â Æû¿¡ 1Â÷¿ø ¹è¿ º¯¼öµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ º¯¼ö¸¦ ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±×·ì °ü·Ã º¯¼ö(group related variables)³ª multi select º¯¼öÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀ» °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
Example 7-2. More complex form variables
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¸¸¾à track_vars ¼³Á¤ÀÌ on µÇ¾î Àְųª, <?php_track_vars?> Áö½ÃÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, POST³ª GETÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÇ´Â ¸ðµç º¯¼öµé°ú ±× ³»¿ëÀº Àü¿ª ¹è¿ º¯¼öÀÎ $HTTP_POST_VARS°ú $HTTP_GET_VARS¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÆûÀº submitÇÒ ¶§ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â submit ¹öÆ°´ë½Å ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±×¸²À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 <input type=image src="image.gif" name="sub"> |
»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ image¸¦ Ŭ¸¯Çϸé, ÆûÀº sub_x¿Í sub_yÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ º¯¼ö°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ¼¹ö¿¡ Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ º¯¼ö´Â À̹ÌÁö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ clickÇÑ À§Ä¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϺΠºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡¼´Â ¹ØÁÙ(_)´ë½Å ¸¶Ä§Ç¥(.)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ Àִµ¥, PHP´Â ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ» ¸¶Ä§Ç¥(.)¸¦ ¹ØÁÙ(_)·Î ¹Ù²ãÁØ´Ù.
PHP´Â HTTP ÄíÅ°¸¦ Netscape's SpecÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ µû¶ó Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. Cookie ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº Æ®·¡Å·À̳ª »ç¿ëÀÚ ½Äº° µîÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ø°Ý browser¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ µ¹·Á ¹Þ´Â °úÁ¤À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cookie¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ SetCookie() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Cookie´Â HTTP Çì´õÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, SetCookie() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î º¸³»´Â ¾î¶² µ¥ÀÌÅͺ¸´Ùµµ ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦¾àÀº Header() ÇÔ¼ö¿Í °°Àº Á¦¾àÀ¸·Î º¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ º¸³»ÁØ ¸ðµç cookie´Â ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î GETÀ̳ª POST ¹æ½Ä µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í °°Àº PHP º¯¼ö·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ cookie¿¡ ¿©·¯ °ªÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é CookieÀ̸§¿¡ []¸¦ ´õÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î :
1 2 SetCookie ("MyCookie[]", "Testing", time()+3600); 3 |
ÄíÅ°´Â »õ·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé path³ª µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ´Ù¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÄíÅ°¸¦ µ¤¾î¾²°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼îÇÎ Ä«Æ® °°Àº ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â Ä«¿îÅ͸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Cookie¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¿¹ :
Example 7-3. SetCookie Example
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PHP´Â ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ȯ°æ º¯¼öµéÀ» ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ PHP º¯¼ö·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
1 2 echo $HOME; /* Shows the HOME environment variable, if set. */ 3 |
GET, POST and Cookie ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» ÅëÇؼ Á¤º¸°¡ µé¾î ¿Â Á¤º¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î PHP º¯¼ö°¡ »ý±â¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¶§¶§·Î ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¹öÀüÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ È¯°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¯¼ö¸¦ ÀÐ¾î µéÀ̱⿡ °¡Àå ÁÁ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ getenv() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ȯ°æ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ putenv() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î PHP´Â º¯¼ö¸¦ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î °¡Á®¿Ã ¶§ º¯¼ö¸íÀ» ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, PHPÀÇ º¯¼ö¸í¿¡´Â '.' (Á¡)À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 $varname.ext; /* invalid variable name */ 3 |
À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì Æļ´Â $varnameÀ̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿Í, ¿¬°á ¿¬»êÀÚ, 'ext'(µû¿ÈÇ¥°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² ¾Ë·ÁÁø Å°³ª ¿¹¾à¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î Ãë±ÞµÈ´Ù.)·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
À§¿Í °°Àº ÀÌÀ¯·Î PHP´Â ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ ºÒ·¯µéÀÎ º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§¿¡ '.'ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é '_'(¹ØÁÙ)·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÀоîµéÀδÙ.
PHP°¡ º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀ» Á¤ÇÏ°í (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î) ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±× typeÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¹Ç·Î, ƯÁ¤ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ±× º¯¼ö ¾î¶² typeÀÎÁö´Â ½±°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. PHP´Â º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. gettype(), is_long(), is_double(), is_string(), is_array(), and is_object()°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.
PHP´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »ó¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í, ½ÇÇà½Ã »ó¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. »ó¼ö´Â º¯¼ö¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª define()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í°ú ³ªÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì¸® ÁöÁ¤µÈ »ó¼ö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
E_* »ó¼ö´Â ´ë°³ error_reporting() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© reporting ·¹º§À» Á¤ÇÒ ¶§ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº define()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ »ó¼ö¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº »ó¼ö´Â C¿¡¼ÀÇ macro °ªÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÁö scalar °ªÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
Example 8-1. Defining Constants
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Example 8-2. Using __FILE__ and __LINE__
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Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº PHP¿¡¼ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¾ö¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é "°ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °Í"("anything that has a value")ÀÌ´Ù.
°£´ÜÇÑ ¿¹Á¦·Î "$a = 5"¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 5¶ó´Â °ªÀ» $a¶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ 5¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº 5ÀÇ °ªÀ̶ó´Â Àǹ̰¡ µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¹®Àå ´ÙÀ½¿¡ "$b = $a"¶ó´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿©±â¼ $a¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº ±× º¯¼ö°¡ °¡Áø 5¶ó´Â °ªÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
Á¶±Ý º¹ÀâÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 function foo () { 3 return 5; 4 } 5 |
$c = 5¶ó´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼ foo()´Â 5¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÙ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ 'foo()'¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº 5¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP´Â Á¤¼ö°ª(integer values), ½Ç¼ö°ª(floating point values), ¹®ÀÚ¿(string values)ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ½ºÄ®¶ó typeÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (½ºÄ®¶ó °ªÀ̶õ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÛÀº °ªÀ¸·Î ÂÉ°³Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ªÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.) ¶ÇÇÑ PHP´Â ¹è¿(array)°ú °´Ã¼(object)ÀÇ 2°¡Áö È¥ÇÕ(composite, non-scalar) typeÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ typeµéÀº º¯¼ö¿¡ °ªÀ» ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ªÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©±â±îÁö´Â PHP/FI 2 »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. PHP´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼, Ç¥Çö Á᫐ ¾ð¾î (expression-oriented language)¶ó°í ºÒ¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ç¥Çö Áß½ÉÀÇ ÁÁÀº ¿¹´Â ´ëÀÔ¹®ÀÌ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼´Â C¿Í °°ÀÌ ´ëÀÔ¹®µµ ÇϳªÀÇ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ¸·Î º»´Ù. µû¶ó¼ '$a=5; $b=5;'´Â '$a = ($b=5);' ȤÀº '$a = $b = 5;'·Î Ç¥Çö °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
Ç¥Çö Áß½ÉÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÁÁÀº ¿¹·Î´Â ++¿Í --ÀÌ´Ù. In PHP/FI 2¿¡¼´Â '$a++'¿Í °°Àº ¹®ÀåÀº ¾Æ¹« °ªµµ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Áï, Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ °ªÀ» ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª PHP 3¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù. C¿¡¼¿Í °°ÀÌ ++/--¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ºÙÀÌ´Â °Í°ú µÚ¿¡ ºÙÀÌ´Â °Í µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µÑ ¸ðµÎ º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀÌ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù´Â Á¡Àº °°À¸³ª, '++$variable'Àº ±× º¯¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡µÈ °ªÀÌ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÇ°í, '$variable++'´Â º¯¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡µÇ±â ÀüÀÇ °ªÀÌ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
ºñ±³ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº 0À̳ª 1ÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. 0Àº ºÎÁ¤(FALSE)À» 1Àº ±àÁ¤(TRUE)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. PHP´Â > (bigger than), >= (bigger than or equal to), == (equal),< (smaller than), <= (smaller than or equal to)¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹´Â °áÇÕµÈ ¿¬»ê-´ëÀÔ Ç¥Çö½Ä(combined operator-assignment expression)ÀÌ´Ù. ¹¹ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¾ê±â´Â ¾Æ´Ï°í '$a = $a + 3'Àº Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ» '$a += 3'À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. -=, *=, /=, .= µîµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½¿¹¸¦ º¸¸é µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. :
1 2 function double($i) { 3 return $i*2; 4 } 5 $b = $a = 5; /* $a¿Í $b ¿¡ 5 ´ëÀÔ */ 6 $c = $a++; /* post-increment, $c ¿¡´Â $aÀÇ ¿ø·¡ °ªÀÎ 5°¡ ´ëÀԵǰí $a´Â 6ÀÌ µÈ´Ù */ 7 $e = $d = ++$b; /* pre-increment, $d¿Í $e´Â Áõ°¡µÈ $bÀÇ °ª 6ÀÌ ´ëÀԵȴÙ. */ 8 9 /* ¿©±âºÎÅÍ $d¿Í $eÀÇ °ªÀº 6ÀÌ´Ù. */ 10 $f = double($d++); /* $f´Â $d°¡ Áõ°¡µÇ±â ÀüÀÇ °ªÀÎ 6À» µÎ ¹èÇÑ °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. 2*6 = 12 */ 11 $g = double($++e); /* $g´Â $e°¡ Áõ°¡µÈ ÈÄÀÇ °ªÀÎ 7À» µÎ¹èÇÑ°ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. 2*7 = 14 */ 12 $h = $g += 10; /* $g´Â 14¿¡ 10À» ´õÇØ 24ÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áø ÈÄ ±× °ªÀ» $h¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇÑ´Ù. µÑ´Ù 24 */ 13 |
±×·¯³ª, ÇϳªÀÇ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ ¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·Ð ';'À¸·Î ³¡³ª¾ß ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï '$b=$a=5;'¿¡¼ $a=5´Â Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌÁö¸¸ ¹®ÀåÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
PHP¿¡¼ Âü/°ÅÁþÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀº Perl°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ¸ðµÎ TRUEÀÌ°í, 0Àº FALSEÀÌ´Ù. ºó ¹®ÀÚ¿À̳ª ¹®ÀÚ¿ "0"Àº FALSEÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº TRUEÀÌ´Ù. ¹è¿À̳ª °´Ã¼´Â ¿ø¼Ò°¡ Çϳªµµ ¾ø´Ù¸é FALSE¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ³ª¸ÓÁöÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â TRUEÀÌ´Ù.
¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¸Å´º¾ó¿¡¼ 'expr'À̶ó°í ¾²¿©Áø ºÎºÐÀº PHPÀÇ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
Çб³¿¡¼ ¹è¿î »ê¼ú ¿¬»ê(°¡°¨½ÂÁ¦)À» ±â¾ïÇϴ°¡? ÀÌ »ê¼ú ¿¬»êÀÚ´Â ±×°Íµéó·³ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
Table 10-1. Arithmetic Operators
¿¹ |
À̸§ |
°á°ú |
---|---|---|
$a + $b |
µ¡¼À(Addition) |
$a¿Í $bÀÇ ÇÕ. |
$a - $b |
»¬¼À(Subtraction) |
$a¿¡¼ $b¸¦ »« °ª. |
$a * $b |
°ö¼À(Multiplication) |
$a¿Í $bÀÇ °ö. |
$a / $b |
³ª´°¼À(Division) |
$a¿¡¼ $b¸¦ ³ª´« °ª(Ȥ Àº ¸ò). |
$a % $b |
³ª¸ÓÁö(Modulus) |
$a¿¡¼ $b¸¦ ³ª´« ³ª¸ÓÁö. |
±âº» ´ëÀÔ ¿¬»êÀÚ´Â "="ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬»êÀÚ¸¦ óÀ½ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â "°°´Ù"¶ó´Â ¿¬»êÀÚ·Î »ý°¢Çϱ⠽±Áö¸¸ ÀüÇô ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀÇ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ» °è»êÇÏ¿© ±× °ªÀ» ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÇ¿¬»êÀÚÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (ÀÌ°ÍÀ» "gets set to"¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.)
´ëÀÔ ¿¬»êÀÚÀÇ °ªÀº ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ´ëÀÔµÈ °ªÀÌ´Ù. Áï, "$a = 3"ÀÇ °ªÀº 3ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¾à°£ÀÇ Æ®¸¯ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 $a = ($b = 4) + 5; // $a´Â 9, $b´Â 4ÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. 3 |
±âº»ÀûÀÎ ´ëÀÔ ¿¬»êÀÚ ¿Ü¿¡ ¸ðµç Bit ´ÜÀ§ ¿¬»êÀÚ, »ê¼ú ¿¬»êÀÚ¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ º¹ÇÕ ´ëÀÔ ¿¬»êÀÚµµ ÀÖ´Ù. °áÇÕµÈ ¿¬»êÀڴ ǥÇö½Ä¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç ¿¬»êÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í, ±× ¿¬»ê °ªÀ» ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÇ¿¬»êÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î :
1 2 $a = 3; 3 $a += 5; // $a´Â 8ÀÌ´Ù. $a = $a + 5; ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. 4 $b = "Hello "; 5 $b .= "There!"; // $b´Â "Hello There!"°¡ µÈ´Ù. $b = $b . "There!";¿Í °°´Ù. 6 |
ºñÆ® ´ÜÀ§ ¿¬»êÀÚ´Â Á¤¼öÀÇ °³º° ºñÆ®ÀÇ °ªÀ» on, off ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Table 10-2. Bitwise Operators
example |
name |
result |
---|---|---|
$a & $b |
And |
$a¿Í $b°¡ ¸ðµÎ 1ÀÎ ºñÆ®¸¸ 1ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. |
$a | $b |
Or |
$a¿Í $bÁß Çϳª¶óµµ 1ÀÎ ºñÆ®´Â 1ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. |
$a ^ $b |
Xor |
$a¿Í $bÁß Çϳª´Â 1ÀÌ°í, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â 0ÀÎ ºñÆ®¸¸ 1À̵ǰí, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â 0ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. |
~ $a |
Not |
$a¿¡¼ 1ÀÎ ºñÆ®´Â 0À¸·Î, 0ÀÎ ºñÆ®´Â 1·Î µÈ´Ù. |
$a << $b |
Shift left |
$aÀÇ ºñÆ®µéÀ» $b step ¸¸Å ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î shift ÇÑ´Ù. (ÇÑ stepÀº 2¸¦ ÇÑ ¹ø °öÇÏ´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.) |
$a >> $b |
Shift right |
$aÀÇ ºñÆ®µéÀ» $b step ¸¸Å ¿À¸¥À¸·Î shift ÇÑ´Ù. (ÇÑ stepÀº 2¸¦ ÇÑ ¹ø ³ª´©´Â ¸¸ÅÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.) |
ºñ±³ ¿¬»êÀÚ´Â À̸§¿¡¼ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ °ªÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â ¿¬»êÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
Table 10-4. Comparson Operators
example |
name |
result |
---|---|---|
$a == $b |
Equal |
$a¿Í $b°¡ °°À¸¸é true. |
$a === $b |
Identical |
$a¿Í $b°¡ °°À¸¸é true. $a¿Í $bÀÇ type±îÁö µ¿ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (PHP4 only) |
$a != $b |
Not equal |
$a¿Í $b°¡ ´Ù¸£¸é true. |
$a < $b |
Less than |
$a°¡ $bº¸´Ù ÀÛÀ¸¸é true. |
$a > $b |
Greater than |
$a°¡ $bº¸´Ù Å©¸é true. |
$a <= $b |
Less than or equal to |
$a°¡ $bº¸´Ù À۰ųª °°À¸¸é true. |
$a >= $b |
Greater than or equal to |
$a°¡ $bº¸´Ù Å©°Å³ª °°À¸¸é true. |
¶Ç´Ù¸¥ Á¶°Ç ¿¬»êÀÚ·Î C³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â "?:" ¿¬»êÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 (expr1) ? (expr2) : (expr3); 3 |
ÀÌ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº expr1ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ Âü¿©¸é expr2¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÏ°í, °ÅÁþÀ̸é expr3¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
PHP´Â @(at Ç¥½Ã)À̶ó´Â ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¿À·ù Á¦¾î ¿¬»êÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. PHPÀÇ Ç¥Çö½Ä ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÌ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ºÙÀ¸¸é, ÇØ´ç Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à track_errors ±â´ÉÀÌ È°¼ºÈ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ÇØ´ç Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â $php_errormsg ¶ó´Â Àü¿ª º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀº ¸Å¹ø ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù »õ·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ »¡¸® »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 <?php 3 /* Intentional SQL error (extra quote): */ 4 $res = @mysql_query( "select name, code from 'namelist" ) or 5 die( "Query failed: error was '$php_errormsg'" ); 6 ?> 7 |
See also error_reporting().
PHP´Â ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ½ÇÇà ¿¬»êÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. (``) ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÛÀº µû¿ÈÇ¥°¡ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ! PHP´Â ÀÌ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» shell ¸í·É¾î·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. (½ÇÇà °á°ú¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.)
1 2 $output = `ls -al`; 3 echo "<pre>$output</pre>"; 4 |
See also system(), passthru(), exec(), popen(), and escapeshellcmd().
PHP´Â C ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¾Õ, µÚ¿¡ ºÙ´Â Áõ°¡³ª °¨¼Ò ¿¬»êÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
Table 10-4. Increment/decrement Operators
example | name | effect |
---|---|---|
++$a | Pre-increment | $a ¸¦ 1 Áõ°¡½ÃŲ ÈÄ, $a¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. |
$a++ | Post-increment | $a¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ ÈÄ,$a ¸¦ 1 Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. |
--$a | Pre-decrement | $a ¸¦ 1 °¨°¡½ÃŲ ÈÄ, $a¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. |
$a-- | Post-decrement | $a¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ ÈÄ,$a ¸¦ 1 °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù. |
¿©±â °£´ÜÇÑ ¿¹Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 <?php 3 echo "<h3>Postincrement</h3>"; 4 $a = 5; 5 echo "Should be 5: " . $a++ . "<br>\n"; 6 echo "Should be 6: " . $a . "<br>\n"; 7 8 echo "<h3>Preincrement</h3>"; 9 $a = 5; 10 echo "Should be 6: " . ++$a . "<br>\n"; 11 echo "Should be 6: " . $a . "<br>\n"; 12 13 echo "<h3>Postdecrement</h3>"; 14 $a = 5; 15 echo "Should be 5: " . $a-- . "<br>\n"; 16 echo "Should be 4: " . $a . "<br>\n"; 17 18 echo "<h3>Predecrement</h3>"; 19 $a = 5; 20 echo "Should be 4: " . --$a . "<br>\n"; 21 echo "Should be 4: " . $a . "<br>\n"; 22 ?> 23 |
Table 10-3. Logical Operators
example |
name |
result |
---|---|---|
$a and $b |
And |
$a¿Í $b°¡ ¸ðµÎ true À̸é true |
$a or $b |
Or |
$a¿Í $bÁß Çϳª¶óµµ trueÀ̸é true |
$a xor $b |
Xor |
$a¿Í $bÁß Çϳª¸¸ trueÀ̾î¾ß true |
! $a |
Not |
$a°¡ true°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é true |
$a && $b |
And |
$a¿Í $b°¡ ¸ðµÎ true À̸é true |
$a || $b |
Or |
$a¿Í $bÁß Çϳª¶óµµ trueÀ̸é true |
"and"¿Í "or" ¿¬»êÀÚ°¡ µÎ°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ ¿¬»êÀÚµéÀÌ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾Æ·¡¸¦ º¸¶ó.)
¿¬»êÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ Ç¥Çö½ÄÁß ¾î´À°ÍÀÌ ´õ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ¹¿© Àִ°¡¸¦ ¸í±âÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î 1 + 5 * 3Àº 16À» ¹ÝȯÇÏÁö 18À» ¹ÝȯÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é °öÇϱâ("*")¿¬»êÀÚ°¡ ´õÇϱâ("+")¿¬»êÀÚº¸´Ù ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ Ç¥´Â ¿¬»êÀÚÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù °¡Àå À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬»êÀÚÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ °¡Àå ³·´Ù.
Table 10-6. Operator Precedence
Associativity | Operators |
---|---|
left | , |
left | or |
left | xor |
left | and |
right | |
left | = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= ~= <<= >>= |
left | ? : |
left | || |
left | && |
left | | |
left | ^ |
left | & |
non-associative | == != === |
non-associative | < <= > >= |
left | << >> |
left | + - . |
left | * / % |
right | ! ~ ++ -- (int) (double) (string) (array) (object) @ |
right | [ |
non-associative | new |
¹®ÀÚ¿ ¿¬»êÀÚ¿¡´Â µÎ°³°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ù ¹ø°´Â ¿À´ÏÂÊ°ú ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀÇ µÎ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¿¬°á(concatenation) ¿¬»êÀÚ (".") °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø¤Š·Î´Â ¿¬°á ´ëÀÔ ¿¬»êÀÚ (".=") °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ´ëÀÔ¿¬»êÀÚ(Assugnment Operator) ºÎºÐÀ» ÀоÀÚ.
1 2 $a = "Hello "; 3 $b = $a . "World!"; // now $b contains "Hello World!" 4 5 $a = "Hello "; 6 $a .= "World!"; // now $a contains "Hello World!" 7 |
$a = "Hello "; $b = $a . "World!"; // now $b = "Hello World!"
¸ðµç PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ±¸¹®À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áø´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ±¸¹®Àº ´ëÀÔ¹®ÀÌ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ÇÔ¼ö È£Ãâ, ¹Ýº¹¹®, Á¶°Ç¹®ÀÌ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¾Æ¹« ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Â ºó ¹®ÀåÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ ±¸¹®Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·Ð(;)À¸·Î ³¡³´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ±¸¹®À» Áß°ýÈ£({,})¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇϳªÀÇ ±×·ìÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸¹®-±×·ìÀº ±× ±×·ìÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¹®µéÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ±¸¹®ÀÎ °Íó·³ ÀνĵȴÙ. ¿©±â¼´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±¸¹®ÇüÅ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.
PHPÀÇ IF¹®Àº C¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.
1 2 if (expr) 3 statement 4 |
exprÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© TRUEÀ̸é statement¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. FALSEÀÌ¸é ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ¿¹Á¦´Â $a°¡ $bº¸´Ù Å©¸é "a is bigger than b"¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 if ($a > $b) 3 print "a is bigger than b"; 4 |
¿©·¯ ¹®ÀåÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°·Á¸é Áß°ýÈ£( { } )¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¹¹®À¸·Î ¸¸µé¸éµÈ´Ù. :
1 2 if ($a > $b) { 3 print "a is bigger than b"; 4 $b = $a; 5 } 6 |
ELSE´Â IF¹®ÀÇ Æò°¡½ÄÀÌ FALSEÀÏ °æ¿ì ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀåÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. :
1 2 if ($a > $b) { 3 print "a is bigger than b"; 4 } else { 5 print "a is NOT bigger than b"; 6 } 7 |
ELSEIF´Â ELSE¿Í IF¸¦ ÇÕÃijõÀº °Í°ú °°´Ù. :
1 2 if ($a > $b) { 3 print "a is bigger than b"; 4 } elseif ($a == $b) { 5 print "a is equal to b"; 6 } else { 7 print "a is smaller than b"; 8 } 9 |
ÇÑ IF¹®¿¡´Â ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ELSEIF¹®ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ELSEIF¹®Àº ¼ø¼´ë·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© TRUEÀÎ °÷À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ¾î¶² ELSEIF¹®ÀÌ ½ÇÇà µÇ·Á¸é IF¹®ÀÇ Æò°¡½Ä°ú ±× ¾ÕÀÇ ¸ðµç ELSEIF¹®ÀÇ Æò°¡½ÄÀÌ FALSEÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 'else if'¶ó°í µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ½áµµ µÈ´Ù(¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ Àǹ̴ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸).
PHP 3´Â Áß°ýÈ£({ })¸¦ ¾²´Â ´ë½Å IF(expr)µÚ¿¡ ÄÝ·Ð( : )À» Âï°í, Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ENDIF;·Î ³¡³»´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ƯÈ÷ IF¹® ¾È¿¡ HTML ºí·°À» »ðÀÔÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 <?php if ($a == 5): ?> 3 A is equal to 5 4 <?php endif; ?> 5 |
À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼ "A = 5"¶ó´Â HTML ºí·ÏÀÌ IF¹® ¾È¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ HTML ºí·ÏÀº $a°¡ 5ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ELSE¿Í ELSEIF (expr)µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 if ($a == 5): 3 print "a equals 5"; 4 print "..."; 5 elseif ($a == 6): 6 print "a equals 6"; 7 print "!!!"; 8 else: 9 print "a is neither 5 nor 6"; 10 endif; 11 |
WHILE ·çÇÁ´Â PHP 3ÀÇ °¡Àå °£´ÜÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº C¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ±âº» ÇüÅ´ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
1 2 while (expr) statement 3 |
IF¹®°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®Àå ÇüÅ·ΠÁß°ýÈ£( { } )¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù. :.
1 2 while (expr): statement ... endwhile; 3 |
´ÙÀ½µÎ°³ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. 1ºÎÅÍ 10±îÁö Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.:
1 2 /* example 1 */ 3 4 $i = 1; 5 while ($i <= 10) { 6 print $i++; /* the printed value would be 7 $i before the increment 8 (post-increment) */ 9 } 10 11 /* example 2 */ 12 13 $i = 1; 14 while ($i <= 10): 15 print $i; 16 $i++; 17 endwhile; 18 |
DO..WHILE ·çÇÁ´Â ºñ±³½ÄÀÌ ¾ÕÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» Á¦¿ÜÇϸé WHILE ·çÇÁ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ WHILE Á¶°ÇÀýÀº DO ¹®ÀåÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ Æò°¡µÇ¹Ç·Î, DO ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº ¹«Á¶°Ç ÇѹøÀº ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº DO..WHILE ·çÇÁ¿¡¼µµ ÇѹøÀº Ãâ·ÂÀÌ µÈ´Ù. :
1 2 $i = 0; 3 do { 4 print $i; 5 } while ($i>0); 6 |
FOR´Â PHPÀÇ °¡Àå º¹ÀâÇÑ ·çÇÁÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº C¿Í À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. FOR ·çÇÁÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
1 2 for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement 3 |
ù ¹ø° Ç¥Çö½Ä(expr1)Àº ·çÇÁ¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ¹«Á¶°Ç Çѹø Æò°¡(½ÇÇà)µÈ´Ù.
¸Å ¹Ýº¹ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ¶§¸¶´Ù expr2°¡ Æò°¡µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ TRUE¸é ·çÇÁ´Â °è¼ÓµÇ°í statement°¡ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. expr2°¡ FALSEÀÌ¸é ·çÇÁ´Â Á¾·áµÈ´Ù.
¸Å ¹Ýº¹ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¶§ expr3°¡ Æò°¡(½ÇÇà)µÈ´Ù.
°¢ Æò°¡½ÄÀº ºñ¿öµÑ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.expr2°¡ ºñ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸é ¹«ÇÑ ·çÇÁ¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. (PHP´Â C¿Í °°ÀÌ ºñ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸é TRUE·Î ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù.) ÀÌ°Ç º°·Î ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, Á¾Á¾ BREAK¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¾·áÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ¿¹´Â 1¿¡¼ 10±îÁö Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. :
1 2 /* example 1 */ 3 4 for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { 5 print $i; 6 } 7 8 /* example 2 */ 9 10 for ($i = 1;;$i++) { 11 if ($i > 10) { 12 break; 13 } 14 print $i; 15 } 16 17 /* example 3 */ 18 19 $i = 1; 20 for (;;) { 21 if ($i > 10) { 22 break; 23 } 24 print $i; 25 $i++; 26 } 27 28 /* example 4 */ 29 30 for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; print $i, $i++) ; 31 |
¹°·Ð óÀ½°ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ³ª¸ÓÁöµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
PHP´Â FOR ·çÇÁ¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº "colon syntax"¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 for (expr1; expr2; expr3): statement; ...; endfor; 3 |
ÀϺΠ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îµéÀº ¹è¿À» Ž»öÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© foreach ¹®ÀåÀ» Á¦°øÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª PHP´Â À̸¦ À§ÇØ list()¿Í each() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© while ·çÇÁ·Î ÇØ°áÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏÀÚ.
PHP4(PHP3´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù)´Â perl µîÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â foreach ±¸Á¶¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸Á¶´Â ¹è¿¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹®¹ýÀÌ Àִµ¥, µÎ ¹ø° °ÍÀº ù ¹ø° °ÍÀÇ ºÎºÐ È®ÀåÀ̳ª ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
1 2 foreach(array_expression as $value) statement 3 foreach(array_expression as $key => $value) statement 4 |
ù ¹ø° ¸ð¾çÀº array_expression À¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹è¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼øȯÀÛ¾÷(loop)À» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. °³°³ÀÇ ¼øȯÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼, ¹è¿ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò´Â $value¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ°í ³»ºÎ ¹è¿ Æ÷ÀÎÅÍ(internal array pointer)´Â Çϳª ÀüÁøÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½ ÀÛ¾÷½Ã¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¿ø¼Ò¸¦¤© °¡Á®¿Àµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
µÎ ¹ø° ¸ð¾çÀº ù ¹ø°¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏÁö¸¸, $key¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ Å°°ªÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
foreach ¹®ÀÌ Ã³À½ ¼öÇàµÉ ¶§, ³»ºÎ ¹è¿ Æ÷ÀÎÅÍ(internal array pointer)´Â ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è¿ÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¿ø¼Ò·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù. À̸»ÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ foreach ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ reset()À» ¹Ì¸® È£ÃâÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. :
1 2 reset ($arr); 3 while (list(, $value) = each ($arr)) { 4 echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; 5 } 6 7 foreach ($arr as $value) { 8 echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; 9 } 10 |
´ÙÀ½ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº ±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. :
1 2 reset ($arr); 3 while (list($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { 4 echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; 5 } 6 7 foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { 8 echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; 9 } 10 |
Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 /* foreach example 1: value only */ 3 4 $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); 5 6 foreach ($a as $v) { 7 print "Current value of \$a: $v.\n"; 8 } 9 10 /* foreach example 2: value (with key printed for illustration) */ 11 12 $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); 13 14 $i = 0; /* for illustrative purposes only */ 15 16 foreach($a as $v) { 17 print "\$a[$i] => $k.\n"; 18 } 19 20 /* foreach example 3: key and value */ 21 22 $a = array ( 23 "one" => 1, 24 "two" => 2, 25 "three" => 3, 26 "seventeen" => 17 27 ); 28 29 foreach($a as $k => $v) { 30 print "\$a[$k] => $v.\n"; 31 } 32 |
break´Â ÇöÀç ·çÇÁ¿¡¼ ºüÁ® ³ª°¡´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ´Ù.
break¿¡´Â ¼ýÀÚ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çѹø¿¡ ºüÁ® ³ª°¥ Á¦¾î ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 $i = 0; 3 while ($i < 10) { 4 if ($arr[$i] == "stop") { 5 break; /* You could also write 'break 1;' here. */ 6 } 7 $i++; 8 } 9 10 /* Using the optional argument. */ 11 12 $i = 0; 13 while ( ++$i ) { 14 switch ( $i ) { 15 case 5: 16 echo "At 5<br>\n"; 17 break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */ 18 case 10: 19 echo "At 10; quitting<br>\n"; 20 break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */ 21 default: 22 break; 23 } 24 } 25 |
CONTINUE ´Â ÇöÀç ·çÇÁÀÇ Ã³À½À¸·Î °¡µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ´Ù.
continueµµ ¼ýÀÚ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çѹø¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î °¥ Á¦¾î ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 while (list ($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { 3 if (!($key % 2)) { // skip odd members 4 continue; 5 } 6 do_something_odd ($value); 7 } 8 9 $i = 0; 10 while ($i++ < 5) { 11 echo "Outer<br>\n"; 12 while (1) { 13 echo " Middle<br>\n"; 14 while (1) { 15 echo " Inner<br>\n"; 16 continue 3; 17 } 18 echo "This never gets output.<br>\n"; 19 } 20 echo "Neither does this.<br>\n"; 21 } 22 |
SWITCH¹®Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ IF¹®ÀÇ ³ª¿°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀº IF¹®°ú SWITCH¹®À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. :
1 2 if ($i == 0) { 3 print "i equals 0"; 4 } 5 if ($i == 1) { 6 print "i equals 1"; 7 } 8 if ($i == 2) { 9 print "i equals 2"; 10 } 11 12 switch ($i) { 13 case 0: 14 print "i equals 0"; 15 break; 16 case 1: 17 print "i equals 1"; 18 break; 19 case 2: 20 print "i equals 2"; 21 break; 22 } 23 |
SWITCH¹®Àº ¹®Àå ´ÜÀ§·Î ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. SWITCH¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Æò°¡½Ä°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â CASE¹®À» ã¾Æ ±× ÀÌÈÄ SWITCHºí·°ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¶§ ±îÁö ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì BREAK·Î ½ÇÇàÀ» ÁßÁö½Ãų ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 switch ($i) { 3 case 0: 4 print "i equals 0"; 5 case 1: 6 print "i equals 1"; 7 case 2: 8 print "i equals 2"; 9 } 10 |
¿©±â¼ $i°¡ 0ÀÌ¸é ¸ðµç print¹®À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à $i°¡ 1ÀÌ¸é ¸¶Áö¸· µÎ°³ÀÇ print¹®À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é BREAK¹®À» ÀØÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ´Ù.
Ưº°ÇÑ case·Î default case°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² case¿¡µµ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î :
1 2 switch ($i) { 3 case 0: 4 print "i equals 0"; 5 break; 6 case 1: 7 print "i equals 1"; 8 break; 9 case 2: 10 print "i equals 2"; 11 break; 12 default: 13 print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; 14 } 15 |
´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡Àº CASE Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡´Â Á¤¼ö, ½Ç¼ö, ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ½ºÄ®¸® ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ´Â ¾î¶² Ç¥Çö½ÄÀ̿͵µ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹è¿À̳ª °´Ã¼µµ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ¹®Àå¿¡¼ Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù.
switch ¹®¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ Alternative syntax°¡ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº Alternative syntax for control structures ¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ
1 2 switch ($i): 3 case 0: 4 print "i equals 0"; 5 break; 6 case 1: 7 print "i equals 1"; 8 break; 9 case 2: 10 print "i equals 2"; 11 break; 12 default: 13 print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; 14 endswitch; 15 |
require() ¹®Àº C preprocessorÀÇ #include¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ´ëüÇÑ´Ù.
include() µÇ°Å³ª require() µÇ¾î ÀÐÇôÁö´Â ÆÄÀÏÀº Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ PHP¸ðµå¿¡¼ ºüÁ®³ª¿Í HTML¸ðµå·Î µé¾î°¡°í, ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ PHP¸ðµå·Î º¹±ÍÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Æ÷Ç﵃ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ PHP ÄÚµå´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ PHP ½ÃÀÛ, Á¾·á Åÿ¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº require()¹®À» ·çÇÁ ±¸Á¶ ¾È¿¡ µÎ¾î, ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀоîµéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± µ¿ÀÛÀ» À§Çؼ´Â INCLUDE ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
require('header.inc');
require()´Â »ç½Ç ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¦¾î±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÔ¼ö¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸¥´Ù. À̸¦Å׸é require()´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² Á¦¾î±¸Á¶¿Íµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ýȯ°ªÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. (¹Ýȯ°ªÀ» µ¹·Á¹ÞÀ¸·ÁÇϸé ÆÄ½Ì ¿¡·¯°¡ ³´Ù.)
include()¿Í ´Ù¸£°Ô, require()´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àоî¿Â´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ÇØ´ç ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÀüÇô ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ Àоî¿Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó ÆÄÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°°í ½Í´Ù¸é include()¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶°ÇÀýÀº require()¿¡ ¾Æ¹« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, require()¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¾î¶² Äڵ嵵 ½ÇÇàµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô, ¼øȯ¹® ¶ÇÇÑ require()¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ·çÇÁÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ̶ó ÇÏ´õ·¯µµ require()¹®Àº ´ÜÁö Çѹø¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº require() ¹®À» ¼øȯ¹® ¾È¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ¸Å ¼øȯ½Ã¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àоî¿À·Á¸é include()¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 require ('header.inc'); 3 |
include()¿Í require() ¸ðµÎ È£ÃâÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ë ÀÚü¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â(pull) °ÍÀÌÁö, HTTP³ª ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇØ´ç Ÿ°ÙÀ» callÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÇöÀç ¹üÀ§¾È¿¡ ¼±¾ðµÈ ¸ðµç º¯¼öµéÀº Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ÆÄÀÏ ¾È¿¡¼µµ ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
1 2 require ("file.inc?varone=1&vartwo=2"); /* Won't work. */ 3 4 $varone = 1; 5 $vartwo = 2; 6 require ("file.inc"); /* $varone and $vartwo will be available in file.inc */ 7 |
¿©·¯ºÐÀº remote files ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© HTTP¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¿ø°Ý ÆÄÀÏÀ» includeÇϰųª requireÇÒ ¶§ À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP3¿¡¼´Â require()·Î Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÆÄÀϾȿ¡¼ return ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´Ü, return ¹®ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ global scope¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °æ¿ì¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºí·Ï³»({} ³»ºÎ)¿¡¼µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, PHP4¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ·± ±â´É ÀÚü°¡ ¾ø¾îÁ® ¹ö·È´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ·± ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é include() ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
INCLUDE¹®Àº ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ°í ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
include() µÇ°Å³ª require() µÇ¾î ÀÐÇôÁö´Â ÆÄÀÏÀº Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ PHP¸ðµå¿¡¼ ºüÁ®³ª¿Í HTML¸ðµå·Î µé¾î°¡°í, ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ PHP¸ðµå·Î º¹±ÍÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Æ÷Ç﵃ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ PHP ÄÚµå´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ PHP ½ÃÀÛ, Á¾·á Åÿ¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀº ½ÇÇàÁß include() ¹®À» ¸¸³¯ ¶§ ¸¸´Ù ÀϾÙ. µû¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº include() ¹®À» ·çÇÁ ±¸Á¶ ¾È¿¡ µÎ¾î ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î µéÀ̵µ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $files = array ('first.inc', 'second.inc', 'third.inc'); 3 for ($i = 0; $i < count($files); $i++) { 4 include $files[$i]; 5 } 6 |
include()´Â ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸³¯ ¶§ ¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø ÀçÆò°¡µÇ¾î Àç½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ require()¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ require()¹®Àº ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â°¡¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ(¿¹¸¦µé¾î if ¹® ¾È¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ°í »óÅ°¡ °ÅÁþÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ), ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀ» óÀ½ ¸¸³¯À» ¶§ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ´ëüµÈ´Ù.
include()´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ±¸Á¶À̹ǷÎ, ¸¸¾à ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á¶ÀüÀý ¾È¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã {}(statement block)À¸·Î µÑ·¯½Î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 /* This is WRONG and will not work as desired. */ 3 4 if ($condition) 5 include($file); 6 else 7 include($other); 8 9 /* This is CORRECT. */ 10 11 if ($condition) { 12 include($file); 13 } else { 14 include($other); 15 } 16 |
PHP3, PHP4 ¸ðµÎ include() µÈ ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿¡¼, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼öÇàÀ» Á¾·áÇÏ°í, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ºÎ¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î º¹±ÍÇϱâ À§ÇØ return ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾à°£ ´Ù¸¥Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ±â´ÂÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¼±, PHP3¿¡¼´Â ÇØ´ç ºí·ÏÀÌ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ºí·ÏÀÌ ¾Æ´ÑÇÑ return ¹®ÀÌ ºí·Ï¾È¿¡ ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ºí·Ï ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ÇØ´ç ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼ return ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö ÇöÀç ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ return ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.) ±×·¯³ª, PHP4¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¤¨¶ÇÇÑ PHP4¿¡¼´Â include() ÆÄÀÏÀÇ return½Ã¿¡ ¸®ÅÏ°ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº include() ¹®À» ÀÏ¹Ý ÇÔ¼öó·³ ¹Ýȯ°ªÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHP3¿¡¼´Â ±¸¹®¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù.)
Example 11-1. include() in PHP3 and PHP4 ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ test.inc ¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¸ÞÀÎ ÆÄÀÏ°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. :
main.html À̶ó´Â ¸ÞÀÎÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
main.html ÀÌ PHP3¿¡¼ ºÒ·ÁÁö¸é, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº µÎ ¹ø° ÁÙ¿¡¼ "you can't take the value of an include()" ¶ó´Â ±¸¹® ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, PHP4¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½µÂ °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. :
ÀÌÁ¦ main.html À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î °íÃļ ½ÇÇàÇØ º¸ÀÚ. :
PHP4¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á°ú°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. :
±×·¯³ª PHP3¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù. :
À§ÀÇ ±¸¹® ¿¡·¯´Â test.inc¿¡¼ return ¹®ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öºí·ÏÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ºí·Ï¾È¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù. return À» ºí·Ï ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ²¨³»¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ°ú°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. :
À§ÀÇ '27'ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÈ °ÍÀº PHP3°¡ includeÆÄÀÏ·Î ºÎÅÍÀÇ °ªÀÇ ¹ÝȯÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. |
include()¿Í require() ¸ðµÎ È£ÃâÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ë ÀÚü¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â(pull) °ÍÀÌÁö, HTTP³ª ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇØ´ç Ÿ°ÙÀ» callÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÇöÀç ¹üÀ§¾È¿¡ ¼±¾ðµÈ ¸ðµç º¯¼öµéÀº Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ÆÄÀÏ ¾È¿¡¼µµ ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
1 2 include ("file.inc?varone=1&vartwo=2"); /* Won't work. */ 3 4 $varone = 1; 5 $vartwo = 2; 6 include ("file.inc"); /* $varone and $vartwo will be available in file.inc */ 7 |
¿©·¯ºÐÀº remote files ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© HTTP¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¿ø°Ý ÆÄÀÏÀ» includeÇϰųª requireÇÒ ¶§ À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
See also readfile(), require(), virtual().
ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. :
1 2 function foo ($arg_1, $arg_2, ..., $arg_n) { 3 echo "Example function.\n"; 4 return $retval; 5 } 6 |
ÇÔ¼ö ¾È¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÇÔ¼ö³ª classÀÇ ¼±¾ð µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ PHP Äڵ尡 »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP3¿¡¼´Â ÇÔ¼ö´Â ±× ÇÔ¼ö°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ±â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±¾ðµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª PHP4¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ·± Á¦¾àÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁ³´Ù.
PHP´Â function overloadingÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ÀçÁ¤ÀÇÇϰųª ¾ø¾ÖÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
PHP3¿¡¼´Â ÇÔ¼ö ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØÁÖ´Â °Í(default argument values¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.)Àº °¡´ÉÇصµ, ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ °¡º¯À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇßÁö¸¸, PHP4´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº Variable-length argument lists ¿Í func_num_args(), func_get_arg(), func_get_args() ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö ¼³¸íÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
argument list¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ¾î¶² Á¤º¸¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ argument list´Â ½°Ç¥(,)·Î ³ªÀ§¾îÁø º¯¼ö³ª »ó¼öÀÇ listÀÌ´Ù.
PHP´Â passing by value(±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ë)¿Í passing by reference, default argument valuesÀÇ 3°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. °¡º¯ ±æÀÌ(Variable-length) argument list´Â PHP4ÀÌÈÄ¿¡¼¸¸ Á¦°øµÈ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº Variable-length argument lists ¿Í func_num_args(), func_get_arg(), func_get_args() ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö ¼³¸íÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª PHP3¿¡¼µµ ¹è¿À» ÅëÇÑ Àü´ÞÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ºñ½ÁÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 function takes_array($input) { 3 echo "$input[0] + $input[1] = ", $input[0]+$input[1]; 4 } 5 |
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÔ¼öÀÇ Àμö(argument)µéÀº °ªÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù(passed by value). ÇÔ¼ö³»¿¡¼ º¯È½ÃŲ °ªÀ» ±×´ë·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á¸é pass by reference·Î Àμö¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾î¶² ÇÔ¼öÀÇ Àμö¸¦ Ç×»ó pass by reference·Î ³Ñ±â·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÒ ¶§ ampersand(&)¸¦ ÀμöÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. :
1 2 function add_some_extra(&$string) { 3 $string .= 'and something extra.'; 4 } 5 $str = 'This is a string, '; 6 add_some_extra($str); 7 echo $str; // outputs 'This is a string, and something extra.' 8 |
¸¸¾à ±âº»Àº by value ·Î ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó by reference·Î È£ÃâÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ÇÔ¼ö È£Ã⠽ÿ¡ ÀμöÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ &¸¦ ºÙÀÌ¸é µÈ´Ù. :
1 2 function foo ($bar) { 3 $bar .= ' and something extra.'; 4 } 5 $str = 'This is a string, '; 6 foo ($str); 7 echo $str; // outputs 'This is a string, ' 8 foo (&$str); 9 echo $str; // outputs 'This is a string, and something extra.' 10 |
½ºÄ®¶ó Àμö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ C++ °ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ±âº»°ªÀ» Á¤ÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 function makecoffee ($type = "cappucino") { 3 return "Making a cup of $type.\n"; 4 } 5 echo makecoffee (); 6 echo makecoffee ("espresso"); 7 |
À§ÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÇ ½ÇÇà °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù :
Making a cup of cappucino. Making a cup of espresso. |
default °ªÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã »ó¼öÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (¿¹¸¦µé¾î) º¯¼ö³ª classÀÇ ¸â¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
PHP 4.0¿¡¼´Â default argument·Î unsetÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇØ´ç argument¿¡ °ªÀÌ Á¦°øµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, Àý´ë·Î °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
default argument¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§, default°¡ µÇ´Â ÀμöµéÀº non-defaultÀÎ Àμöµéº¸´Ù ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 function makeyogurt ($type = "acidophilus", $flavour) { 3 return "Making a bowl of $type $flavour.\n"; 4 } 5 6 echo makeyogurt ("raspberry"); // won't work as expected 7 |
À§ ÄÚµåÀÇ ½ÇÇà °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù :
Warning: Missing argument 2 in call to makeyogurt() in /usr/local/etc/httpd/htdocs/php3test/functest.html on line 41 Making a bowl of raspberry . |
±×·¯¸é ÀÌÁ¦ À§ÀÇ °Í°ú ¾Æ·¡°ÍÀ» ºñ±³ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. :
1 2 function makeyogurt ($flavour, $type = "acidophilus") { 3 return "Making a bowl of $type $flavour.\n"; 4 } 5 6 echo makeyogurt ("raspberry"); // works as expected 7 |
ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦ÀÇ ½ÇÇà °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
Making a bowl of acidophilus raspberry. |
PHP4¿¡¼´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ °¡º¯ ±æÀÌ(Variable-length) argument list¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. func_num_args(), func_get_arg(), func_get_args() ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ưº°ÇÑ ¹®¹ýÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇÁöµµ ¾Ê°í, ÇÔ¼öÀÇ Á¤Àǽóª »ç¿ë½Ã argument list´Â º¸ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
ÇÔ¼ö´Â return ¹®À» ÅëÇØ ÇÔ¼ö°ªÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. list¿Í object¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾î¶² typeµµ µ¹·ÁÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 function square ($num) { 3 return $num * $num; 4 } 5 echo square (4); // outputs '16'. 6 |
¿©·¯°ªÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÖ´Â ÀÏÀº ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª list¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 function small_numbers() { 3 return array (0, 1, 2); 4 } 5 list ($zero, $one, $two) = small_numbers(); 6 |
OLD_FUNCTION ¹®ÀåÀº PHP/FI2¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÇÔ¼ö »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. (function´ë½Å old_functionÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡Àº Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í)
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§´Â PHP/FI2->PHP3 º¯È¯±â¿¡¼ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇ |
OLD_FUNCTIONÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHPÀÇ ³»ºÎ Äڵ忡¼ È£ÃâµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº usort()³ª array_walk(), register_shutdown_function()°°Àº ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ÀÌ OLD_FUNCTIONÀ¸·Î ¼±¾ðµÈ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â PHP3 ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
PHP´Â °¡º¯ ÇÔ¼ö(variable functions) °³³äÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¯¼ö¸í µÚ¿¡ °ýÈ£°¡ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§, PHP´Â ±× À̸§À» °¡Áø ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ã¾Æ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº callbacks, function table µîÀÇ ±â´É¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 12-1. Variable function example
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( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : Class ¹®ÀåÀº JavaÀÇ subsetÀ̶ó ÇÒ¸¸Å µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. )
Ŭ·¡½º´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ º¯¼ö¿Í ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼öµéÀÇ ¸ðÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. Ŭ·¡½º´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π¼±¾ðµÈ´Ù.
1 2 <?php 3 class Cart { 4 var $items; // Items in our shopping cart 5 6 // Add $num articles of $artnr to the cart 7 8 function add_item ($artnr, $num) { 9 $this->items[$artnr] += $num; 10 } 11 12 // Take $num articles of $artnr out of the cart 13 14 function remove_item ($artnr, $num) { 15 if ($this->items[$artnr] > $num) { 16 $this->items[$artnr] -= $num; 17 return true; 18 } else { 19 return false; 20 } 21 } 22 } 23 ?> 24 |
ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀº Cart¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ Å¬·¡½º·Î, Ä«Æ®¾È¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ¹°Ç°À» À§ÇÑ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¹è¿ º¯¼ö¿Í cart¿¡ ¹°°ÇÀ» ³Ö°Å³ª »©´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Classe´Â TypeÀ¸·Î, ½ÇÁ¦ º¯¼öµéÀÇ Ã»»çÁøÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº new ¿¬»êÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿øÇÏ´Â typeÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1 2 $cart = new Cart; 3 $cart->add_item("10", 1); 4 |
À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¹´Â Cart Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ $cart¶ó´Â object¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ objectÀÇ add_item() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ¿© ¹°Ç° ¹øÈ£ "10"¹øÀÇ ¹°Ç° 1°³¸¦ Ä«Æ®¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù.
Ŭ·¡½º´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ŭ·¡½º·Î È®Àå µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. È®Àå ȤÀº ÆÄ»ýµÈ(extended or derived) Ŭ·¡½º´Â base °¡ µÇ´Â Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ ¸ðµç º¯¼öµé°ú ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» ±×´ë·Î °¡Á¦°Ô µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©±â¿¡ Ãß°¡·Î È®ÀåµÈ ¼±¾ðÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ "extends"¶ó´Â Å°¿öµå°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
1 2 class Named_Cart extends Cart { 3 var $owner; 4 5 function set_owner ($name) { 6 $this->owner = $name; 7 } 8 } 9 |
À§ÀÇ ¿¹´Â Cart Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ º¯¼ö¿Í ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ $owner º¯¼ö¿Í set_owner() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ Named_Cart¶ó´Â Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ ¼±¾ðÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À̸§ºÙÀº Ä«Æ®(named cart)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ä«Æ®ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÀÏ¹Ý Ä«Æ®(normal cart)¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÇÔ¼öµµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 2 $ncart = new Named_Cart; // Create a named cart 3 $ncart->set_owner ("kris"); // Name that cart 4 print $ncart->owner; // print the cart owners name 5 $ncart->add_item ("10", 1); // (inherited functionality from cart) 6 |
Ŭ·¡½º ³»ºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼ $this ¶ó´Â º¯¼ö´Â ÀÚ±â ÀڽŠobject¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº $this->something ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÇöÀç objectÀÇ º¯¼ö³ª ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
»ý¼ºÀÚ(Constructor)´Â ÇØ´ç Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ »õ ÀνºÅϽº(»õ·Î ¸¸µç º¯¼ö¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇØ µÎÀÚ)¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ À̸§°ú °°Àº À̸§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ »ý¼ºÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù.
1 2 class Auto_Cart extends Cart { 3 function Auto_Cart () { 4 $this->add_item ("10", 1); 5 } 6 } 7 |
À§ÀÇ ¿¹´Â Cart Ŭ·¡½º¿¡ ¹°Ç°¹øÈ£ 10¹øÀÇ ¹°Ç°À» ÇÑ °³ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â »ý¼ºÀÚ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ Auto_Cart¶ó´Â Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ ¼±¾ðÀÌ´Ù. Auto_Cart´Â "new"·Î »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù. »ý¼ºÀÚ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Àμö(argument)¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ ÀμöµéÀº default°ªÀ» °¡Áø ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ¼±¾ð ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
1 2 class Constructor_Cart extends Cart { 3 function Constructor_Cart ($item = "10", $num = 1) { 4 $this->add_item ($item, $num); 5 } 6 } 7 8 // Shop the same old boring stuff. 9 10 $default_cart = new Constructor_Cart; 11 12 // Shop for real... 13 14 $different_cart = new Constructor_Cart ("20", 17); 15 |
Caution |
ÆÄ»ýµÈ(derived) Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÀÌ Å¬·¡½ºÀÇ »ý¼ºÀÚ°¡ È£ÃâµÉ ¶§ ºÎ¸ð Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ »ý¼ºÀÚ´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î È£ÃâµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
PHP¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº 4°¡ÁöÀÇ ¿¡·¯¿Í °æ°í ÇüÅ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
1 - Normal Function Errors (ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿¡·¯)
2 - Normal Warnings (ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °æ°í)
4 - Parser Errors (¹®¹ý ¿¡·¯)
8 - Notices (¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ°íÀ̳ª ¹ö±×ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì)
error reporting levelÀº À§ÀÇ 4°³ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ´õÇØÁ®¼ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±âº» error reporting level Àº 7·Î 1+2+4°¡ µÇ°í, ÀÌ´Â Notice¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ·¹Æ÷Æ®Ç϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ·¹º§Àº php3.ini ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ error_reporting Áö½ÃÀÚ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ȤÀº, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ httpd.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ php3_error_reporting Áö½ÃÀÚ·Î °áÁ¤Çϰųª, ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ½ÇÇà Áß¿¡ error_reporting() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ù²ãÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¸ðµç PHP Ç¥Çö½Ä(expression)Àº "@"¸¦ ¾Õ¿¡ ºÙÀÌ°í È£ÃâµÇ¸é error reportingÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à track_errors ±â´ÉÀÌ Enabled·Î µÇ¾î Àִµ¥ ÇØ´ç ¹®Àå¿¡¼ ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù¸é, $php_errormsg¶ó´Â Àü¿ªº¯¼ö¿¡¼ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PHP´Â ´ÜÁö HTMLÃâ·ÂÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °Í¸¸ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. PHP´Â GIF image fileµµ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ÀÖÀ» »Ó¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ Æí¸®ÇÑ GIF image stream±îÁö ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PHP¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§, image ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â GD ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Example 15-1. GIF creation with PHP
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À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â <img src="button.php3?text">¿Í °°Àº tagÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÆäÀÌÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÒ·ÁÁö°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é À§¿¡ÀÖ´Â button.php ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â "text"¶ó´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿À» "images/button1.gif"¿¡ ¿À¹ö·¹ÀÌ ½ÃÄÑ °á°ú image¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¹öÆ°¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ±Û¾¾¸¦ ¸Å¹ø ¼Õ½±°Ô ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¸Å¹ø À̹ÌÁö ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾î È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù.
(¿ªÀÚÁÖ. HTTP authenticationÀ̶õ Web Client¿¡°Ô ID¿Í Password¸¦ ÀԷ¹޾Æ, ±× ID¿Í Password·Î Web¹®¼¿¡ Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã°¡, ºÒÇãÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é RFC1945ÀÇ Authentication ºÎºÐÀ» Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. http://pec.etri.re.kr/!qkim/HTTP/¿¡ ÇÑ±Û ¹ø¿ª ¹®¼µµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ÂüÁ¶ÇÏÀÚ.)
PHP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ HTTP ÀÎÁõÀº Apache ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. Apache ¸ðµâÀÇ PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ Header()¶ó´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé Client ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡°Ô Username°ú Password¸¦ ÀԷ¹޴ À©µµ¿ì¸¦ ¶ç¿ìµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â "ÀÎÁõ ¿ä±¸"("Authentication Required") ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³»°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Username°ú Password¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé, user name, password, authentication typeÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â $PHP_AUTH_USER, $PHP_AUTH_PW, $PHP_AUTH_TYPEÀÇ 3°³ÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÇØ´ç URL(PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ)ÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ºÒ¸®¿öÁø´Ù. ÇöÀç authentication typeÀº "Basic"¸¸ÀÌ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.
client authenticationÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× ÀÔ·ÂµÈ °ªÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ¿¹Á¦°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. :
Example 16-1. HTTP Authentication example
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¿©·¯ºÐÀº $PHP_AUTH_USER ¿Í $PHP_AUTH_PW¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ½Äº°À» À§ÇØ username°ú password¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̶§´Â Database¿¡ QueryÇϰųª Á÷Á¢ dbm ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¸¸é °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Internet Explorer browser¿¡¼´Â ¹ö±×·Î ÀÎÇØ HeaderÀÇ ¼ø¼°¡ ¸Å¿ì ±î´Ù·Ó´Ù. WWW-authenticate header¸¦ HTTP/1.0 401 headerº¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇöÀç °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿ä·ÉÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
ºñ¹Ð¹øÈ£ÀÇ À¯ÃâÀ» ¿ì·ÁÇÏ¿© HTTP¿¡¼ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÀÎÁõÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹°·Ð PHP_AUTH º¯¼ö´Â ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
À¯ÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº ÀÎÁõÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÆäÀÌÁö¿Í ÀÎÁõÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ °°Àº ¼¹ö»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¶§, ÀÎÁõÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â URLÀ» controlÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´©±º°¡°¡, ÀÎÁõÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ URLÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ÈÉÃ帴 °ÍÀº ¸·À» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
Netscape¿Í Internet Explorer ¸ðµÎ 401ÀÀ´ä Äڵ带 ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¹Þ°ÔµÇ¸é local browser windowÀÇ authentication cache¸¦ clearÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ÀÌ°ÍÀº "log out"°³³äÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, »ç¿ëÀÚµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý username°ú ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϺδ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» loginÀÇ "time out"À̳ª "log-out"¹öÆ°À» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù
Example 16-2. HTTP Authentication example forcing a new name/password
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ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀº HTTP Basic authentication ±âÁØ¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. Lynx¿¡¼´Â 401 ¼¹ö ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµµ authentication Á¤º¸¸¦ clearÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ BackÀ» ´©¸£°í ´Ù½Ã Forward ¹öÆ°À» ´·¯¼ ´Ù½Ã Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ Authentication ±â´ÉÀº Microsoft's IIS server¿¡¼ CGI versionÀÇ PHP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â IISÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ¸·ÎÀÎÇØ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
PHP´Â HTTP Cookie¸¦ Åõ¸íÇÏ°Ô(transparently) Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. Cookie ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀº Æ®·¡Å·À̳ª »ç¿ëÀÚ ½Äº° µîÀ» À§ÇØ ¿ø°Ý browser¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ µ¹·Á ¹Þ´Â °úÁ¤À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cookie¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ setcookie() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Cookie´Â HTTP Çì´õÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, SetCookie() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î º¸³»´Â ¾î¶² µ¥ÀÌÅͺ¸´Ùµµ ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦¾àÀº Header() ÇÔ¼ö¿Í °°Àº Á¦¾àÀ¸·Î º¸¸é µÈ´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀÌ º¸³»ÁØ ¸ðµç cookie´Â ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î GETÀ̳ª POST ¹æ½Ä µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í °°Àº PHP º¯¼ö·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ cookie¿¡ ¿©·¯ °ªÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é CookieÀ̸§¿¡ []¸¦ ´õÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº setcookie() ÇÔ¼ö ¼³¸íÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏÀÚ.
PHP´Â RFC-1867À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷·Îµå ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé TextºÐ¾Æ´Ï¶ó BinaryÆÄÀϵµ ¾÷·Îµå°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PHP's authetication°ú ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, Upload°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿Í, ÆÄÀÏÀÌ UploadµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤ÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚÁÖ. RFC-1867Àº Netscape 3.0ÀÌ»ó, Explorer 4.0À̻󿡼 Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. Netscape 2.x´ëÀÇ ÀϺΠ»óÀ§¹öÁ¯µµ Áö¿øÇÏ°í, Explorer 3.02´Â Patch°¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î patch½ÃÅ°¸é °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.)
PHP´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Netscape Composer ¿Í W3C's Amaya clients¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì PUT-method ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ ¾÷·Îµåµµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº PUT Method Support ¸¦ Àо±â¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
ÆÄÀÏ ¾÷·Îµå ȸéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á» Ưº°ÇÑ ÆûÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ¶ç¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
Example 18-1. File Upload Form
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¿©±â¼_URL_Àº PHP htmlÆÄÀÏÀ̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. hidden ÇʵåÀÎ MAX_FILE_SIZE´Â File input Çʵåµéº¸´Ù ¼±ÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀº PHP htmlÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ÃÖ´ë ÆÄÀÏ Å©±â¸¦ Byte´ÜÀ§·Î ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ¾÷·Îµå°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î µÇ¸é ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº º¯¼öµéÀÌ Á¤ÀǵǾî Áø´Ù. :
$userfile - ¾÷·ÎµåµÈ ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼¹öÀÇ Àӽà ÆÄÀϸí
$userfile_name - ¾÷·ÎµåÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿ø·¡ À̸§.
$userfile_size - byte´ÜÀ§ÀÇ UploadµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â.
$userfile_type - ¸¸¾à browser°¡ ¾÷·ÎµåµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ mime Çü½ÄÀ» ¾È´Ù¸é, ±× mime Çü½Ä. (Ex. "image/gif").
À§ º¯¼öÀÇ "$userfile"ºÎºÐÀº upload form¿¡¼ TYPE=filedÀ» °¡Áø INPUT ÇʵåÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ±× À̸§Àº "userfile"À̶ó°í Á¤Çß´Ù.
FileÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼± ¼¹öÀÇ default temporary directory¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µðÆúÆ® µð·ºÅ丮´Â PHP°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ È¯°æº¯¼ö "TMPDIR"À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¾È¿¡¼ putenv() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¯°æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¾÷·ÎµåµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº $file_sizeº¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ³Ê¹« À۰ųª Å« ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¹ö¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº $file_typeº¯¼ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Å¸ÀÔ¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¹ö¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ·ÎÁ÷ÀÌ´ø, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿ì°Å³ª ³ªÁß¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ À̵¿½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸¾à Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÇØ´ç request°¡ ³¡³¯ ¶§ ±îÁöµµ Áö¿ì°Å³ª À̵¿½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ÇØ´ç request°¡ Á¾·áµÇ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Áö¿öÁø´Ù.
MAX_FILE_SIZE ¾ÆÀÌÅÛÀÇ °ªÀº PHP3.ini¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ upload_max_filesizeÀÇ °ªÀ̳ª Apache .conf¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ php3_upload_max_filesizeÀÇ °ªº¸´Ù Å©°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº 2¸Þ°¡ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®ÀÌ´Ù.
CERN httpd ¼¹ö´Â client·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀԷ¹ÞÀº mime headerÀÇ ¾ÕÂÊ ¿©¹éÀ» ¸ðµÎ strip off ½ÃÄѹö¸®¹Ç·Î, CERN httpd ¼¹ö¿¡¼´Â File Upload ±â´ÉÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Çѹø¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. À̶§ PHP´Â ÀÌ ÆÄÀϵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹è¿·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿©·¯°³¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â select³ª checkbox ¶§Ã³·³ HTMLÀÇ formÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌÅÛ¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ array¸íÀ» Àû¾îÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Note: ¿©·¯ ÆÄÀÏ Àü¼Û ±â´ÉÀº 3.0.10ºÎÅÍ Ãß°¡µÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚÁÖ: php 4.0.0Àº ¹ö±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù)
Example 18-2. Uploading multiple forms
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À§ÀÇ ÆûÀÌ Àü¼ÛµÉ ¶§ $userfile, $userfile_name, $userfile_sizeÀÇ ¹è¿ÀÌ Àü¿ª º¯¼ö·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ($HTTP_POST_VARS¿¡µµ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.) ÀÌ ¹è¿µéÀº Àü¼ÛµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, °¢ ¹è¿µéÀº ¹øÈ£·Î À妽ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼ /home/test/review.html °ú /home/test/xwp.out ÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àü¼ÛÇß´Ù¸é $userfile_name[0]¿¡´Â review.htmlÀ̶ó´Â °ªÀÌ, $userfile_name[1]¿¡´Â xwp.outÀ̶ó´Â °ªÀÌ ÀúÀåµÇ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡, $userfile_size[0] ¿¡´Â review.htmlÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ Å©±â°¡ ÀúÀåµÇ´Â ½ÄÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
PHP´Â Netscape Composer³ª W3C Amaya°°Àº Ŭ¸®À̾ðÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ HTTP PUT ¹æ½Ä(method)À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. PUT ¿ä±¸(request)´Â file uploadº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ½±´Ù. ´ÜÁö ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. :
1 2 PUT /path/filename.html HTTP/1.1 3 |
ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸Åë ¿ø°Ý Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ º¸³½ ³»¿ëÀ» À¥ Æ®¸® ¹ØÀÇ /path/filename.html·Î ÀúÀåÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À¥ Æ®¸®¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¾Æ¹«³ª µ¤¾î ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Apache³ª PHP¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿ä±¸¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â Àü¿¡, ¿ì¼± À¥ ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·± ¿ä±¸¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡¼´Â Script Áö½ÃÀÚ·Î ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö½ÃÀÚ´Â Apache ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏÁßÀÇ ¾î´À À§Ä¡¿¡ À־ ±¦ÂúÀ¸³ª, º¸Åë <Directory> ºí·Ï ¾ÈÀ̳ª <Virtualhost> ºí·Ï ¾È¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²¿©Áø´Ù. :
1 2 Script PUT /put.php3 3 |
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ ¶óÀÎÀ» À§Ä¡½ÃŲ ºí·ÏÀÇ URI¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ¸ðµç PUT ¿ä±¸¸¦ put.php3 ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇ϶ó°í Apache¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁØ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ °æ¿ì .php3 È®ÀåÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© PHP¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, PHP°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÁßÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
put.php3 ÆÄÀϳ»¿¡¼´Â º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
1 2 <? copy($PHP_UPLOADED_FILE_NAME,$DOCUMENT_ROOT.$REQUEST_URI); ?> 3 |
À§ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀº ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿ø°Ý Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¿äûÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ º¹»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¹»çÇϱâ Àü¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϰųª ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº PHP°¡ PUT-methodÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ POST-method±â´É°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Àӽà ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ´ç ³»¿ëÀ» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¿ä±¸°¡ ³¡³ª°Ô µÇ¸é ÀÓ½ÃÆÄÀÏÀº Áö¿öÁø´Ù. µû¶ó¼ PUTÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾îµð ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ º¹»çÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÓ½ÃÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§Àº $PHP_PUT_FILENAME À̶ó´Â º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ°í, $REQUEST_URI º¯¼ö¿¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡¼ º¸³»¿Â ÀúÀåÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ °æ·Î¿Í À̸§ÀÌ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.(Apache°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼´Â ¸ð¾çÀÌ Á¶±Ý ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù.) ¹°·Ð ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ °æ·Î¸í°ú ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ À§Ä¡¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀϸíÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ PHP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¶§ "URL fopen wrapper"¸¦ enable·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é(ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº --disable-url-fopen-wrapper·Î ¸í½ÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù.), ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ÆĶó¸ÞŸ·Î ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§(filename)¿¡ HTTP³ª FTP URLÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î require()³ª include() ÇÔ¼ö¿¡µµ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
Note: ´Ü, Windowsȯ°æÀÇ include()¿Í require() ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿ø°Ý À¥ ¼¹ö°¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¿°í, ±× Ãâ·Â ³»¿ë¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ·Î µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À¥ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î º¯Çü ½ÃÄÑ Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 19-1. Getting the title of a remote page
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¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇØ´ç ¼¹ö¿¡ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î Á¢¼ÓÇÏ°í, ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, FTP¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¾µ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. 'anonymous'°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î Á¢¼ÓÇÏ·Á¸é, URL³»¿¡ usernameÀ» (ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é passwordµµ) ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù : 'ftp://user:password@ftp.example.com/path/to/file'. (¶ÇÇÑ HTTP¿¡¼ Basic authenticationÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
Example 19-2. Storing data on a remote server
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Note: ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ º¸°í, ÀÌ Å×Å©´ÐÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© remote log¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À§¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ´ë·Î URL fopen() wrapper´Â »õ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¸¸ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ºÐ»êµÈ log¸¦ ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é syslog()ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» »ìÆ캸¶ó.
Note: ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº PHP version 3.0.7 ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ Àû¿ëµÈ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.
³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î PHP´Â ¿¬°áÀÇ »óŸ¦ ´ÙÀ½ 3°¡ÁöÁß Çϳª·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. :
0 - NORMAL
1 - ABORTED
2 - TIMEOUT
PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â NORMAL »óÅ°¡ activeµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿ø°Ý Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷°ÔµÇ¸é ABORTED »óÅ flag°¡ ÄÑÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. º¸Åë Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷´Â °ÍÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ STOP ¹öÆ°À» ´·¶À» ¶§ ÀϾÙ. ¸¸¾à PHP°¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ (set_time_limit()À» º¸¶ó) °É¸®°Ô µÇ¸é TIMEOUT »óÅ flag°¡ ÄÑÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷¾úÀ» ¶§ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¼öÇàÀ» Áß´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ¿ø°Ý ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ¾î¶² °á°úµµ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ³¡±îÁö ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Æí¸®ÇÒ ¶§°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ±âº» µ¿ÀÛÀº Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷À¸¸é ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µµ ÁߴܵǴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀº ignore_user_abort¶ó´Â php3.ini Áö½ÃÀÚ(directive)³ª, php3_ignore_user_abort¶ó´Â Apache .confÀÇ Áö½ÃÀÚ·Î ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ignore_user_abort() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ PHP¿¡°Ô »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ³»¸° ÁßÁö ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹«½ÃÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇØÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÁßÁö ½ÅÈ£´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ Á¾·á½ÃŲ´Ù. ´Ü, register_shutdown_function()À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© shutdown ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ µî·ÏÇسõÀº °æ¿ì´Â ¿¹¿Ü°¡ µÈ´Ù. shutdown ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ STOP¹öÆ°À» ´·¶À» ¶§, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ³²Àº Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ°í, PHP´Â ¿¬°áÀÌ ÁߴܵǾúÀ½À» ÀÎÁöÇÏ¿© shutdown ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. shutdown ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¾·áµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§µµ È£Ã⠵ȴÙ. µû¶ó¼ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ ¿¬°á Áß´Ü ¶§¿Í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Á¾·á½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é connection_aborted() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¿¬°áÀÌ ÁߴܵǾú´Ù¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ³»ÀåµÈ ŸÀ̸ӿ¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¾·áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±âº» timeout ½Ã°£Àº 30ÃÊ·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº max_execution_timeÀ̶ó´Â php3.ini Áö½ÃÀÚ(directive)³ª µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ php3_max_execution_timeÀ̶ó´Â Apache .conf Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í set_time_limit() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´Ù µÇ¸é ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â Áߴܵǰí, ÀÌ ½ºÅ©´Â À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ Á¾·áµÈ °Íó·³ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ shutdown ÇÔ¼ö°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. shutdown ÇÔ¼ö³»¿¡¼ ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ timeout¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È£ÃâµÈ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ·Á¸é connection_timeout() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â timeout¿¡ ÀÇÇØ shutdown ÇÔ¼ö°¡ È£ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÑ°¡Áö À¯ÀÇÇÒ »çÇ×Àº ABORTED¿Í TIMEOUT »óÅ´ µÎ °³°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ activeµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHP°¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ Áß´ÜÀ» ¹«½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷Áö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¿¬°á¿¡ ¾î¶² ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°Ü ¿¬°áÀÌ ¸Á°¡Áø °æ¿ì·Î, ÀÌ ¶§µµ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â °è¼Ó ½ÇÇàµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â °è¼Ó½ÇÇàµÇ°í, ½Ã°£ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ °É·Á ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ¼öÇàÀÌ Áߴܵǰí shutdown ÇÔ¼ö°¡ È£ÃâµÇ¸é, connection_timeout()°ú connection_aborted() ÇÔ¼ö ¸ðµÎ true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº connection_status() ¶ó´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µÎ°¡Áö »óÅ ¸ðµÎ¸¦ °Ë»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â °¢ »óÅ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ bit´ÜÀ§·Î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î À§¿Í°°ÀÌ ABORT¿Í TIMEOUT µÎ °³ÀÇ »óÅ°¡ ¸ðµÎ activeµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â 3À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼Ó(Persistent connection)Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ Á¾·áµÇ¾îµµ SQL link¸¦ ´ÝÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¢¼ÓÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ ¿äûµÇ¸é, PHP´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ (ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¿¾î µÎ¾ú´ø) µ¿ÀÏÇÑ(identical) ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ Àִ°¡¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¾ø´Ù¸é »õ·Î¿î link¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. 'µ¿ÀÏÇÑ(identical)' Á¢¼ÓÀ̶õ °°Àº È£½ºÆ®¿¡ °°Àº »ç¿ëÀÚ¸í(username)°ú °°Àº ¾ÏÈ£(password)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
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¸¶Áö¸· ¹æ¹ýÀº PHP¸¦ ¸ÖƼ¾²·¹µå(multithreaded) À¥¼¹öÀÇ Ç÷¯±×-ÀÎÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀε¥, ÇöÀç À̹æ¹ýÀº ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áø °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ISAPI, WSAPI, NSAPI (Windows¿¡¼) µîÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Netscape FastTrack, Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS), O'Reilly's WebSite Pro µîÀÇ ¸ÖƼ¾²·¹µå À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ PHP¸¦ Ç÷¯±×-ÀÎÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇöÀç ÁøÇàÁßÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ±âº» µ¿ÀÛÀº À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¸ðµ¨°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
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(¿ªÀÚÁÖ: ÀÌ Reference ºÎºÐÀº ºñ±³Àû °£´ÜÇÑ ³»¿ëµéÀÌ°í, ³»¿ëÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ±âÇϱâ À§ÇØ Æ¯º°ÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â Á¦¸ñ ºÎºÐ¸¸ ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¿´´Ù.)
apache_lookup_uri -- ƯÁ¤ URI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ¿äû(partial request)À» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
class apache_lookup_uri
(string filename);
This performs a partial request for a URI. It goes just far enough to obtain all the important information about the given resource and returns this information in a class. The properties of the returned class are:
status |
the_request |
status_line |
method |
content_type |
handler |
uri |
filename |
path_info |
args |
boundary |
no_cache |
no_local_copy |
allowed |
send_bodyct |
bytes_sent |
byterange |
clength |
unparsed_uri |
mtime |
request_time |
Note: apache_lookup_uri ´Â PHP°¡ ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
apache_note -- apache request note¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϰųª Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string apache_note
(string note_name, string [note_value]);
apache_note() is an Apache-specific function which gets and sets values in a request's notes table. If called with one argument, it returns the current value of note note_name. If called with two arguments, it sets the value of note note_name to note_value and returns the previous value of note note_name.
getallheaders -- ¸ðµç HTTP request header¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© Àоî¿Â´Ù.
array getallheaders
(void);
This function returns an associative array of all the HTTP headers in the current request.
Note: You can also get at the value of the common CGI variables by reading them from the environment, which works whether or not you are using PHP as an Apache module. Use phpinfo() to see a list of all of the environment variables defined this way.
Example 1. getallheaders() Example
|
This example will display all the request headers for the current request.
Note: GetAllHeaders() ´Â PHP°¡ ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
virtual -- Apache sub-request¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int virtual
(string filename);
ÀÌ BC ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP°¡ --enable-bcmath ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÈ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
bcadd -- µÎ °³ÀÇ arbitrary precision number¸¦ ´õÇÑ´Ù.
string bcadd
(string left operand, string right operand, int [scale]);
Adds the left operand to the right operand and returns the sum in a string. The optional scale parameter is used to set the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcsub().
bccomp -- µÎ arbitrary precision numbers¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù.
int bccomp
(string left operand, string right operand, int [scale]);
Compares the left operand to the right operand and returns the result as an integer. The optional scale parameter is used to set the number of digits after the decimal place which will be used in the comparion. The return value is 0 if the two operands are equal. If the left operand is larger than the right operand the return value is +1 and if the left operand is less than the right operand the return value is -1.
bcdiv -- µÎ arbitrary precision number¸¦ ³ª´«´Ù.
string bcdiv
(string left operand, string right operand, int [scale]);
Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the result. The optional scale sets the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcmul().
bcmod -- arbitrary precision numberÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string bcmod
(string left operand, string modulus);
Get the modulus of the left operand using modulus.
See also bcdiv().
bcmul -- µÎ arbitrary precision number¸¦ °öÇÑ´Ù.
string bcmul
(string left operand, string right operand, int [scale]);
Multiply the left operand by the right operand and returns the result. The optional scale sets the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcdiv().
bcpow -- arbitrary precision numberÀÇ n Á¦°öÇÑ´Ù.
string bcpow
(string x, string y, int [scale]);
Raise x to the power y. The scale can be used to set the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcsqrt().
bcscale -- ¸ðµç bc ¼öÇÐ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ±âº» scale parameter¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string bcscale
(int scale);
This function sets the default scale parameter for all subsequent bc math functions that do not explicitly specify a scale parameter.
bcsqrt -- arbitray precision numberÀÇ Á¦°ö±ÙÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string bcsqrt
(string operand, int scale);
Return the square root of the operand. The optional scale parameter sets the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcpow().
bcsub -- arbitrary precision number ¸¦ »«´Ù.
string bcsub
(string left operand, string right operand, int [scale]);
Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and returns the result in a string. The optional scale parameter is used to set the number of digits after the decimal place in the result.
See also bcadd().
array -- ¹è¿À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
array array
(...);
Returns an array of the parameters. The parameters can be given an index with the => operator.
Note: array() is a language construct used to represent literal arrays, and not a regular function.
The following example demonstrates how to create a two-dimensional array, how to specify keys for associative arrays, and how to skip-and-continue numeric indices in normal arrays.
Example 1. array() example
|
See also: list().
array array_count_values
(array input);
array_count_values() returns an array using the values of the input array as keys and their frequency in input as values.
Example 1. array_count_values() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array array_flip
(array trans);
array_flip() returns an array in flip order.
Example 1. array_flip() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_keys -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸ðµç Å°µéÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù,
array array_keys
(array input, mixed [search_value] );
array_keys() returns the keys, numeric and string, from the input array.
If the optional search_value is specified, then only the keys for that value are returned. Otherwise, all the keys from the input are returned.
Example 1. array_keys() example
|
See also array_values().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_merge -- µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹è¿À» Çϳª·Î ÇÕÄ£´Ù.
array array_merge
(array array1, array array2,
[ ...] );
array_merge() merges the elements of two or more arrays together so that the values of one are appended to the end of the previous one. It returns the resulting array.
If the input arrays had the same string keys, then the later value for that key will overwrite previous one. If, however, the arrays have the same numeric key, this does not happen since the values are appended.
Example 1. array_merge() example
Resulting array will be array("color" => "green", 2, 4, "a", "b", "shape" => "trapezoid"). |
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array array_pad
(array input, int pad_size,
mixed pad_value);
array_pad() returns a copy of the input padded to size specified by pad_size with value pad_value. If pad_size is positive then the array is padded on the right, if it's negative then on the left. If the absolute value of pad_size is less than or equal to the length of the input then no padding takes place.
Example 1. array_pad() example
|
array_pop -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ²¨³»°í ±× ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed array_pop
(array array);
array_pop() pops and returns the last value of the array, shortening the array by one element.
Example 1. array_pop() example
After this, $stack has only 2 elements: "orange" and "apple", and $fruit has "raspberry". |
See also array_push(), array_shift(), and array_unshift().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_push -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ ÇÑ °³³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
int array_push
(array array, mixed var, [...] );
array_push() treats array as a stack, and pushes the passed variables onto the end of array. The length of array increases by the number of variables pushed. Has the same effect as:
1 2 $array[] = $var; 3 |
Returns the new number of elements in the array.
Example 1. array_push() example
|
See also array_pop(), array_shift(), and array_unshift().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array array_reverse
(array array);
array_reverse() takes input array and returns a new array with the order of the elements reversed.
Example 1. array_reverse() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0 Beta 3.
array_shift -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸Ç ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ²¨³»°í ±× ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed array_shift
(array array);
array_shift() shifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by one element and moving everything down.
Example 1. array_shift() example
|
See also array_unshift(), array_push(), and array_pop().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_slice -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ÃßÃâÇÑ´Ù.
array array_slice
(array array, int offset, int
[length] );
array_slice() returns a sequence of elements from the array specified by the offset and length parameters.
If offset is positive, the sequence will start at that offset in the array. If offset is negative, the sequence will start that far from the end of the array.
If length is given and is positive, then the sequence will have that many elements in it. If length is given and is negative then the sequence will stop that many elements from the end of the array. If it is omitted, then the sequence will have everything from offset up until the end of the array.
Example 1. array_slice() examples
|
See also array_splice().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_splice -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ »èÁ¦ÇÏ°í, ±× À§Ä¡¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ³»¿ëÀ» ³¢¿ö ³Ö´Â´Ù.
array array_splice
(array input, int offset,
int [length] , array [replacement] );
array_splice() removed the elements designated by offset and length from the input array, and replaces them with the elements of the replacement array, if supplied.
If offset is positive then the start of removed portion is at that offset from the beginning of the input array. If offset is negative then it starts that far from the end of the input array.
If length is omitted, removes everything from offset to the end of the array. If length is specified and is positive, then that many elements will be removed. If length is specified and is negative then the end of the removed portion will be that many elements from the end of the array. Tip: to remove everything from offset to the end of the array when replacement is also specified, use count($input) for length.
If replacement array is specified, then the removed elements are replaced with elements from this array. If offset and length are such that nothing is removed, then the elements from the replacement array are inserted in the place specified by the offset. Tip: if the replacement is just one element it is not necessary to put array() around it, unless the element is an array itself.
The following equivalences hold:
1 2 array_push($input, $x, $y) array_splice($input, count($input), 0, array($x, $y)) 3 array_pop($input) array_splice($input, -1) 4 array_shift($input) array_splice($input, 0, 1) 5 array_unshift($input, $x, $y) array_splice($input, 0, 0, array($x, $y)) 6 $a[$x] = $y array_splice($input, $x, 1, $y) 7 |
Returns the array consisting of removed elements.
Example 1. array_splice() examples
|
See also array_slice().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_unshift -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸Ç ¾Õ¿¡ ÇÑ °³³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
int array_unshift
(array array, mixed var,
[...] );
array_unshift() prepends passed elements to the front of the array. Note that the list of elements is prepended as a whole, so that the prepended elements stay in the same order.
Returns the new number of elements in the array.
Example 1. array_unshift() example
|
See also array_shift(), array_push(), and array_pop().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_values -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸ðµç °ªµéÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array array_values
(array input);
array_values() returns all the values from the input array.
Example 1. array_values() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
array_walk -- ¹è¿ÀÇ °³°³ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¿¡ ƯÁ¤ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int array_walk
(array arr, string func, mixed
userdata);
Applies the function named by func to each element of arr. func will be passed array value as the first parameter and array key as the second parameter. If userdata is supplied, it will be passed as the third parameter to the user function.
If func requires more than two or three arguments, depending on userdata, a warning will be generated each time array_walk() calls func. These warnings may be suppressed by prepending the '@' sign to the array_walk() call, or by using error_reporting().
Note: If func needs to be working with the actual values of the array, specify that the first parameter of func should be passed by reference. Then any changes made to those elements will be made in the array itself.
Note: Passing the key and userdata to func was added in 4.0.
In PHP 4 reset() needs to be called as necessary since array_walk() does not reset the array by default.
Example 1. array_walk() example
|
arsort -- ¹è¿À» ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î Á¤·ÄÇÏ°í index associationÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
void arsort
(array array);
This function sorts an array such that array indices maintain their correlation with the array elements they are associated with. This is used mainly when sorting associative arrays where the actual element order is significant.
Example 1. arsort() example
|
See also: asort(), rsort(), ksort(), and sort().
asort -- ¹è¿À» Á¤·ÄÇÏ°í index associationÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
void asort
(array array);
This function sorts an array such that array indices maintain their correlation with the array elements they are associated with. This is used mainly when sorting associative arrays where the actual element order is significant.
Example 1. asort() example
|
See also arsort(), rsort(), ksort(), and sort().
compact -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿©·¯ º¯¼öÀÇ À̸§°ú °ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â ¹è¿À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
array compact
(string varname | array varnames,
[...] );
compact() takes a variable number of parameters. Each parameter can be either a string containing the name of the variable, or an array of variable names. The array can contain other arrays of variable names inside it; compact() handles it recursively.
For each of these, compact() looks for a variable with that name in the current symbol table and adds it to the output array such that the variable name becomes the key and the contents of the variable become the value for that key. In short, it does the opposite of extract(). It returns the output array with all the variables added to it.
Example 1. compact() example
After this, $result will be array ("event" => "SIGGRAPH", "city" => "San Francisco", "state" => "CA"). |
See also extract().
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
count -- ¹è¿ º¯¼öÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int count
(mixed var);
Returns the number of elements in var, which is typically an array (since anything else will have one element).
Returns 1 if the variable is not an array.
Returns 0 if the variable is not set.
Warning |
count() may return 0 for a variable that isn't set, but it may also return 0 for a variable that has been initialized with an empty array. Use isset() to test if a variable is set. |
See also: sizeof(), isset(), and is_array().
current -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ÇöÀç ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
mixed current(array array);
°¢°¢ÀÇ ¹è¿ º¯¼ö´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ pointer¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿ø¼ÒµéÀº °Ë»öÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇϵµ·Ï ¾ç¹æÇâ linked list·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ pointer´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² Á¶ÀÛÀ» Çϱâ Àü¿¡´Â Ç×»ó ù ¹ø° ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °¡¸£Å°°í ÀÖ´Ù.
current() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ Pointer°¡ °¡¸£Å°°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ pointer°¡ ¿ø¼Ò listÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼ Áö½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é current()´Â false¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
Warning |
current()´Â ÇöÀç ¿ø¼Ò°¡ 0À̳ª ""(ºó ¹®ÀÚ¿)ÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é falseÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ current() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ °ªÀÌ 0Àΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹è¿ÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³Ñ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. current()¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ loop ÄÚµùº¸´Ù´Â each() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. |
See also: end(), next(), prev() and reset().
each -- ¹è¿¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½ key/value ½ÖÀ» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
array each(array array);
array ¹è¿¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½ key/value ½ÖÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÖÀº ³× °³ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø ¹è¿·Î ¹ÝȯµÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ ³× °³ÀÇ ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ key´Â 0, 1, key, valueÀÌ´Ù. 0°ú key ¿ø¼Ò´Â °¢°¢ º¯¼öÀÇ key À̸§À» °¡Áö°í, 1°ú value´Â ±× °ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 1. each() examples
$bar now contains the following key/value pairs:
$bar now contains the following key/value pairs:
|
º¸Åë each()´Â list() ÇÔ¼ö¿Í ÇÔ²² ¹è¿À» Ž»öÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ $HTTP_POST_VARS¿Í °°Àº ¹è¿À» Ž»öÇϴµ¥ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù
Example 2. Traversing $HTTP_POST_VARS with each()
|
After each() has executed, the array cursor will be left on the next element of the array, or on the last element if it hits the end of the array.
See also key(), current(), reset(), next(), and prev().
end -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ(internal) pointer¸¦ ¸Ç ¸¶Áö¸· ¿ø¼Ò·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù.
end(array array);
end() advances array's internal pointer to the last element.
See also: current(), end() next() and reset()
extract -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ½Éº¼ Å×À̺í·Î Àоîµé¿© ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ º¯¼ö·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
void extract
(array var_array, int [extract_type] , string [prefix] );
This function is used to import variables from an array into the current symbol table. It takes associative array var_array and treats keys as variable names and values as variable values. For each key/value pair it will create a variable in the current symbol table, subject to extract_type and prefix parameters.
extract() checks for colissions with existing variables. The way collisions are treated is determined by extract_type. It can be one of the following values:
If there is a collision, overwrite the existing variable.
If there is a collision, don't overwrite the existing variable.
If there is a collision, prefix the new variable with prefix.
Prefix all variables with prefix.
If extract_type is not specified, it is assumed to be EXTR_OVERWRITE.
Note that prefix is only required if extract_type is EXTR_PREFIX_SAME or EXTR_PREFIX_ALL.
extract() checks each key to see if it constitues a valid variable name, and if it does only then does it proceed to import it.
A possible use for extract is to import into symbol table variables contained in an associative array returned by wddx_deserialize().
Example 1. Extract() example
|
The above example will produce:
1 2 blue, large, sphere, medium 3 |
The $size wasn't overwritten, becaus we specified EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which resulted in $wddx_size being created. If EXTR_SKIP was specified, then $wddx_size wouldn't even have been created. EXTR_OVERWRITE would have cause $size to have value "medium", and EXTR_PREFIX_ALL would result in new variables being named $wddx_color, $wddx_size, and $wddx_shape.
in_array -- ¹è¿¿¡ ã´Â °ªÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
bool in_array
(mixed needle, array haystack);
Searches haystack for needle and returns true if it is found in the array, false otherwise.
Example 1. in_array() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
key --¹è¿(associative array)¿¡¼ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ(internal) pointer°¡ °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ key °ªÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
mixed prev(array array);
key() returns the index element of the current array position.
int krsort
(array array);
Sorts an array by key in reverse order, maintaining key to data correlations. This is useful mainly for associative arrays.
Example 1. krsort() example
|
See also asort(), arsort(), ksort(), sort(), and rsort().
ksort -- key ¼øÀ¸·Î ¹è¿À» Á¤·ÄÇÑ´Ù.
int ksort
(array array);
Sorts an array by key, maintaining key to data correlations. This is useful mainly for associative arrays.
Example 1. ksort() example
|
See also asort(), arsort(), sort(), and rsort().
list -- º¯¼ö¸¦ ¹è¿ÀÎ °Íó·³ ¸¸µç´Ù.
void list(...);
Like array(), this is not really a function, but a language construct. list() is used to assign a list of variables in one operation.
Example 1. list() example
|
See also: array().
next -- ¹è¿ÀÇ internal pointer¸¦ Çϳª ÀüÁø½ÃŲ´Ù.
mixed next
(array array);
Returns the array element in the next place that's pointed by the internal array pointer, or false if there are no more elements.
next() behaves like current(), with one difference. It advances the internal array pointer one place forward before returning the element. That means it returns the next array element and advances the internal array pointer by one. If advancing the internal array pointer results in going beyond the end of the element list, next() returns false.
Warning |
If the array contains empty elements then this function will return false for these elements as well. To properly traverse an array which may contain empty elements see the each() function. |
See also: current(), end() prev() and reset()
pos -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ÇöÀç ¿ø¼Ò¸¦ returnÇÑ´Ù.
mixed pos(array array);
This is an alias for current().
See also: end(), next(), prev() and reset().
prev -- ¹è¿ÀÇ internal pointer¸¦ Çϳª µÚ·Î ÈÄÁø½ÃŲ´Ù.
mixed prev(array array);
Returns the array element in the previous place that's pointed by the internal array pointer, or false if there are no more elements.
Warning |
If the array contains empty elements then this function will return false for these elements as well. To properly traverse an array which may contain empty elements see the each() function. |
prev() behaves just like next(), except it rewinds the internal array pointer one place instead of advancing it.
See also: current(), end() next() and reset()
range -- ÀÏÁ¤ ¹üÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤¼ö°ªÀ» ÀÏ·Ä·Î °¡Áø ¹è¿À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
array range
(int low, int high);
range() returns an array of integers from low to high, inclusive.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿¹´Â shuffle()¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Ù.
reset -- ¹è¿ÀÇ internal pointer¸¦ ¸Ç óÀ½ ¿ø¼Ò·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed reset
(array array);
reset() rewinds array's internal pointer to the first element.
reset() returns the value of the first array element.
See also: current(), next() prev() and reset()
rsort -- ¹è¿À» ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î Á¤·ÄÇÑ´Ù.
void rsort
(array array);
This function sorts an array in reverse order (highest to lowest).
Example 1. rsort() example
|
See also arsort(), asort(), ksort(), and sort().
shuffle -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» µÚ¼¯´Â´Ù.
void shuffle
(array array);
This function shuffles (randomizes the order of the elements in) an array.
Example 1. shuffle() example
|
See also arsort(), asort(), ksort(), rsort(), sort() and usort().
sizeof -- ¹è¿ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ °³¼ö°¡ ±¸ÇØÁø´Ù.
int sizeof(array array);
Returns the number of elements in the array.
See also: count()
sort -- ¹è¿À» Á¤·ÄÇÑ´Ù.
void sort
(array array);
This function sorts an array. Elements will be arranged from lowest to highest when this function has completed.
Example 1. sort() example
|
See also arsort(), asort(), ksort(), rsort(), and usort().
uasort -- »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ºñ±³ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¤·ÄÇÏ°í index associationÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
void uasort
(array array, function cmp_function);
This function sorts an array such that array indices maintain their correlation with the array elements they are associated with. This is used mainly when sorting associative arrays where the actual element order is significant. The comparison function is user-defined.
uksort -- »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ºñ±³ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© key ¼øÀ¸·Î Á¤·ÄÇÑ´Ù.
Sort an array by keys using a user-defined comparison function
void uksort
(array array, function
cmp_function);
This function will sort the keys of an array using a user-supplied comparison function. If the array you wish to sort needs to be sorted by some non-trivial criteria, you should use this function.
Example 1. uksort() example
|
See also arsort(), asort(), uasort(), ksort(), rsort() and sort().
usort -- »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ºñ±³ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© value ¼øÀ¸·Î Á¤·ÄÇÑ´Ù.
void usort
(array array, function
cmp_function);
This function will sort an array by its values using a user-supplied comparison function. If the array you wish to sort needs to be sorted by some non-trivial criteria, you should use this function.
The comparison function must return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second. If two members compare as equal, their order in the sorted array is undefined.
Example 1. usort() example
|
Note: Obviously in this trivial case the rsort() function would be more appropriate.
Warning |
The underlying quicksort function in some C libraries (such as on Solaris systems) may cause PHP to crash if the comparison function does not return consistent values. |
See also arsort(), asort(), ksort(), rsort() and sort().
aspell() ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ°í ¼öÁ¤»çÇ×À» Á¶¾ðÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é aspell ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. : http://metalab.unc.edu/kevina/aspell/
aspell_new -- »õ »çÀüÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿Â´Ù.
int aspell_new
(string master, string
personal);
aspell_new() opens up a new dictionary and returns the dictionary link identifier for use in other aspell functions.
Example 1. aspell_new
|
aspell_check -- ´Ü¾î¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
boolean aspell_check
(int dictionary_link,
string word);
aspell_check() checks the spelling of a word and returns true if the spelling is correct, false if not.
Example 1. aspell_check
|
aspell_check-raw -- ´Ü¾îÀÇ ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ º¯È¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¾ÕµÚÀÇ °ø¹éµµ Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
boolean aspell_check_raw
(int dictionary_link,
string word);
aspell_check_raw() checks the spelling of a word, without changing its case or trying to trim it in any way and returns true if the spelling is correct, false if not.
Example 1. aspell_check_raw
|
aspell_suggest -- ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¸¦ Á¶¾ðÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
array aspell_suggest
(int dictionary_link,
string word);
aspell_suggest() returns an array of possible spellings for the given word.
Example 1. aspell_suggest
|
PHP¿¡´Â ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³¯Â¥(´Þ·Â) ÇüŸ¦ º¯È¯½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. Julian Day Count°¡ ±âº»ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº BC4000³âÀÇ ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Àâ¾Æ ±×°÷¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ¾ó¸¶ÀÇ ³¯Â¥°¡ Áö³µ´ÂÁö¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ï´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Julian Day Count´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Julian ´Þ·Â°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. Calendar ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é http://genealogy.org/~scottlee/cal-overview.html¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© º¸¶ó. ÀÌ ¼³¸í¼Áß¿¡¼´Â À§ÀÇ ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ ¹ßÃéµÈ ³»¿ëÀ» ""·Î µÑ·¯ ½Î°í ÀÖ´Ù.
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº dl/calender extensionÀ» LoadÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. dl/README ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àо¶ó. )
JDToGregorian -- Julian Day Count¸¦ Gregorian date·Î º¯È¯
string jdtogregorian(int julianday);
Converts Julian Day Count to a string containing the Gregorian date in the format of "month/day/year"
GregorianToJD -- Gregorian date¸¦ Julian Day Count·Î º¯È¯
int gregoriantojd(int month, int day, int year);
Valid Range for Gregorian Calendar 4714 B.C. to 9999 A.D.
Although this software can handle dates all the way back to 4714 B.C., such use may not be meaningful. The Gregorian calendar was not instituted until October 15, 1582 (or October 5, 1582 in the Julian calendar). Some countries did not accept it until much later. For example, Britain converted in 1752, The USSR in 1918 and Greece in 1923. Most European countries used the Julian calendar prior to the Gregorian.
Example 1. Calendar functions
|
JDToJulian -- Julian Day Count¸¦ Julian Calendar date·Î º¯È¯
string jdtojulian(int julianday);
Converts Julian Day Count to a string containing the Julian Calendar Date in the format of "month/day/year".
JulianToJD -- Julian Calendar date¸¦ Julian Day Count·Î º¯È¯
int juliantojd(int month, int day, int year);
Valid Range for Julian Calendar 4713 B.C. to 9999 A.D.
Although this software can handle dates all the way back to 4713 B.C., such use may not be meaningful. The calendar was created in 46 B.C., but the details did not stabilize until at least 8 A.D., and perhaps as late at the 4th century. Also, the beginning of a year varied from one culture to another - not all accepted January as the first month.
JDToJewish -- Julian Day Count¸¦ the À¯´ë Calendar·Î º¯È¯.
string jdtojewish(int julianday);
Converts a Julian Day Count the the Jewish Calendar.
JewishToJD -- À¯´ë Calendar¸¦ Julian Day Count·Î º¯È¯.
int jewishtojd(int month, int day, int year);
Valid Range Although this software can handle dates all the way back to the year 1 (3761 B.C.), such use may not be meaningful.
The Jewish calendar has been in use for several thousand years, but in the early days there was no formula to determine the start of a month. A new month was started when the new moon was first observed.
JDToFrench -- Julian Day Count¸¦ French Republican Calendar·Î º¯È¯.
string jdtofrench(int month, int day, int year);
Converts a Julian Day Count to the French Republican Calendar.
FrenchToJD -- French Republican Calendar¸¦ Julian Day Count·Î º¯È¯.
int frenchtojd(int month, int day, int year);
Converts a date from the French Republican Calendar to a Julian Day Count
These routines only convert dates in years 1 through 14 (Gregorian dates 22 September 1792 through 22 September 1806). This more than covers the period when the calendar was in use.
JDMonthName -- ¿ùÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ýȯ
string jdmonthname(int julianday, int mode);
Returns a string containing a month name. mode tells this function which calendar to convert the Julian Day Count to, and what type of month names are to be returned.
Table 1. Calendar modes
Mode |
Meaning |
---|---|
0 |
Gregorian - apreviated |
1 |
Gregorian |
2 |
Julian - apreviated |
3 |
Julian |
4 |
Jewish |
5 |
French Republican |
JDDayOfWeek -- ÇØ´ç ³¯Â¥ÀÇ ¿äÀÏÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
mixed jddayofweek(int julianday, int mode);
Returns the day of the week. Can return a string or an int depending on the mode.
Table 1. Calendar week modes
Mode |
Meaning |
---|---|
0 |
returns the day number as an int (0=sunday, 1=monday, etc) |
1 |
returns string containing the day of week (english-gregorian) |
2 |
returns a string containing the abreviated day of week (english-gregorian) |
easter_date -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¬µµÀÇ ºÎÈ°ÀýÀÇ ÀÚÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ UNIX timestamp¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int easter_date
(int year);
Returns the UNIX timestamp corresponding to midnight on Easter of the given year. If no year is specified, the current year is assumed.
Warning: This function will generate a warning if the year is outside of the range for UNIX timestamps (i.e. before 1970 or after 2037).
Example 1. easter_date() example
|
The date of Easter Day was defined by the Council of Nicaea in AD325 as the Sunday after the first full moon which falls on or after the Spring Equinox. The Equinox is assumed to always fall on 21st March, so the calculation reduces to determining the date of the full moon and the date of the following Sunday. The algorithm used here was introduced around the year 532 by Dionysius Exiguus. Under the Julian Calendar (for years before 1753) a simple 19-year cycle is used to track the phases of the Moon. Under the Gregorian Calendar (for years after 1753 - devised by Clavius and Lilius, and introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in October 1582, and into Britain and its then colonies in September 1752) two correction factors are added to make the cycle more accurate.
(The code is based on a C program by Simon Kershaw, <webmaster@ely.anglican.org>)
See easter_days() for calculating Easter before 1970 or after 2037.
easter_days -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿¬µµÀÇ ºÎÈ°ÀýÀÌ 3¿ù 21ÀϷκÎÅÍ ¸çÄ¥ÀÌ Áö³ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int easter_days
(int year);
Returns the number of days after March 21 on which Easter falls for a given year. If no year is specified, the current year is assumed.
This function can be used instead of easter_date() to calculate Easter for years which fall outside the range of UNIX timestamps (i.e. before 1970 or after 2037).
Example 1. easter_date() example
|
The date of Easter Day was defined by the Council of Nicaea in AD325 as the Sunday after the first full moon which falls on or after the Spring Equinox. The Equinox is assumed to always fall on 21st March, so the calculation reduces to determining the date of the full moon and the date of the following Sunday. The algorithm used here was introduced around the year 532 by Dionysius Exiguus. Under the Julian Calendar (for years before 1753) a simple 19-year cycle is used to track the phases of the Moon. Under the Gregorian Calendar (for years after 1753 - devised by Clavius and Lilius, and introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in October 1582, and into Britain and its then colonies in September 1752) two correction factors are added to make the cycle more accurate.
(The code is based on a C program by Simon Kershaw, <webmaster@ely.anglican.org>)
See also easter_date().
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº À©µµ¿ì ¹öÀüÀÇ PHP¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP4¿¡¼ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_load -- ???string com_load
(string
module name [, string server name])(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_invoke -- ???mixed com_invoke
(resource object, string function_name [, mixed function parameters, ...])(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_propget -- ???mixed com_propget
(resource object, string property)(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_get -- ???mixed com_get
(resource
object, string property)(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_propput -- ???void com_propput
(resource object, string property, mixed value)(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_propset -- ???void com_propset
(resource object, string property, mixed value)
This function is an alias for com_propput().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
com_set -- ???void com_set
(resource
object, string property, mixed value)
This function is an alias for com_set().
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
get_class_methods -- Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ methods À̸§À» ¹è¿·Î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.array get_class_methods
(string class_name)
This function returns an array of method names defined for the class specified by class_name.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
get_class_vars -- Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ default properties À̸§À» ¹è¿·Î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.Returns an array of default properties of the class
array get_class_vars
(string class_name)
This function will return an array of default properties of the class.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
get_object_vars -- °´Ã¼(object)ÀÇ properties¸¦ ¹è¿·Î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.array get_class_vars
(object obj)
This function returns an array of object properties for the specified object obj.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b2)
method_exists -- ÇØ´ç Ŭ·¡½ºÀÇ method °¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.Checks if the class method exists
bool method_exists
(object object, string method_name)
This function returns true if the method given by method_name has been defined for the given object, false otherwise.
ClibPDF´Â PHP¿¡¼ pdf ¹®¼¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº FastIO¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹«·á(free software)´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ClibPDF¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¶óÀ̼¾½º¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ÀоîºÁ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ ¶óÀ̼¾½º¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Thomas MerzÀÇ pdflibÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» °í·Á ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. pdflibµµ ¿ª½Ã °·ÂÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ClibPDF´Â Thomas MerzÀÇ pdflib¿Í ±â´ÉÀ̳ª API°¡ ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÏÁö¸¸, FastIO¿¡ µû¸£¸é ClibPDF´Â ¹®¼¸¦ ´õ ÀÛÀº Å©±â·Î ´õ ºü¸£°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ClibPDF´Â pdflib »õ·Î¿î 2.0 ¹öÀü¿¡¼ º¯ÈµÈ °Í °°´Ù. °£´ÜÇÑ ¿¹Á¦(pdflib 2.0ÀÇ pdfclock.c¸¦ php ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î °íÄ£ °Í)¿¡¼´Â ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ¼ÓµµÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÐÃà±â´ÉÀ» ²¨ ³õÀ¸¸é µÎ °³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ Å©±âµµ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.
¿©±âÀÇ ¼³¸éÀº ClibPDFÀÇ ¸Å´º¾ó°ú °°ÀÌ Àд °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸Å´º¾óÀº ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ClibPDFÀÇ ¸Å´º¾óÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØ¿©¾ß ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PHP¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ PHP ¸ðµâÀÇ ÇÔ¼öÀ̸§Àº ClibPDF °íÀ¯ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö(pdflibµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö°í) À̸§°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. cpdf_open() À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ù ¹ø° Àμö·Î ÀÛ¾÷ÇÒ ¹®¼ÀÇ ÇÚµéÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÇöÀç ClibPDF°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ PDF ¹®¼¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ÇÚµéÀº ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹« Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̸¦ ½ÃÇèÇÏÁö´Â ¸»¶ó. ¾î¶² °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿ÃÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ¸ÖƼ ¾²·¹µå ȯ°æ¿¡¼´Â Áß´ëÇÑ ¿À·ù°¡ »ý±æ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ClibPDFÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÚ¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÌ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¹öÀü¿¡¼ ¼öÁ¤µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.(ÇöÀç ¹öÀüÀº 1.10ÀÌ´Ù.) ¿©·¯¹®¼¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸¸µå´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é pdflib moduleÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Ç϶ó.
Note: PHP3 ÀÌÈÄ·Î cpdf_set_font() ÇÔ¼ö´Â 2byteÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾È ÆùÆ®¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ¿£ÄÚµù ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ Á¤¼ö°ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ´Ù.
pdflib¿¡ ºñÇؼ ClibPDFÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ÀåÁ¡Àº pdf ¹®¼¸¦ Àӽà ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ó¿¡¼ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ClibPDF´Â ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ À¯´Ö ±æÀÌÀÇ ÁÂÇ¥¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸ÅÀ¯ Æí¸®ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀÌÁö¸¸ pdflib¿¡¼µµ pdf_translate()¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽±´Ù. °£´ÜÇÑ pdf ¹®¼¸¦ Çϳª ¸¸µé¾îº¸¸é º°·Î ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¸¦ º¸¸é ½±°Ô ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÑ ÀåÂ¥¸® test.pdf¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡´Â ¿Ü°û¼± 30ptÀÇ "Times-Roman" ÆùÆ®ÀÇ text°¡ ¾²¿©Áø´Ù. ÀÌ text´Â ¹ØÁÙÀÌ ±×¾îÁø´Ù.
Example 1. Simple ClibPDF Example
|
pdflib ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡ º¸¸é ¾Æ³ª·Î±× ½Ã°è°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¿©·¯ ÆäÀÌÁöÀÇ ¹®¼¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â Á¶±ÝÀº º¹ÀâÇÑ ¿¹Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â ±× ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ClibPDF È®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ PHP·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 2. pdfclock example from pdflib 2.0 distribution
|
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
cpdf_global_set_document_limits -- ¸ðµç pdf ¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.void cpdf_global_set_document_limits
(int maxpages, int
maxfonts, int maximages, int maxannotations, int maxobjects)
The cpdf_global_set_document_limits() function sets several document limits. This function has to be called before cpdf_open() to take effect. It sets the limits for any document open afterwards.
See also cpdf_open().
cpdf_set_creator -- pdf ¹®¼¿¡¼ creator Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_creator
(string creator);
The cpdf_set_creator() function sets the creator of a pdf document.
See also cpdf_set_subject(), cpdf_set_title(), cpdf_set_keywords().
cpdf_set_title -- pdf ¹®¼¿¡¼ title Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_title
(string title);
The cpdf_set_title() function sets the title of a pdf document.
See also cpdf_set_subject(), cpdf_set_creator(), cpdf_set_keywords().
cpdf_set_subject -- pdf ¹®¼¿¡¼ subject Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_subject
(string subject);
The cpdf_set_subject() function sets the subject of a pdf document.
See also cpdf_set_title(), cpdf_set_creator(), cpdf_set_keywords().
cpdf_set_keywords -- pdf ¹®¼¿¡¼ keywords Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_keywords
(string keywords);
The cpdf_set_keywords() function sets the keywords of a pdf document.
See also cpdf_set_title(), cpdf_set_creator(), cpdf_set_subject().
cpdf_open -- »õ pdf ¹®¼¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int cpdf_open
(int compression, string filename);
The cpdf_open() function opens a new pdf document. The first parameter turns document compression on if it is unequal to 0. The second optional parameter sets the file in which the document is written. If it is omitted the document is created in memory and can either be written into a file with the cpdf_save_to_file() or written to standard output with cpdf_output_buffer().
Note: The return value will be needed in futher versions of ClibPDF as the first parameter in all other functions which are writing to the pdf document.
The ClibPDF library takes the filename "-" as a synonym for stdout. If PHP is compiled as an apache module this will not work because the way ClibPDF outputs to stdout does not work with apache. You can solve this problem by skipping the filename and using cpdf_output_buffer() to output the pdf document.
See also cpdf_close(), cpdf_output_buffer().
cpdf_close -- pdf ¹®¼¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void cpdf_close
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_close() function closes the pdf document. This should be the last function even after cpdf_finalize(), cpdf_output_buffer() and cpdf_save_to_file().
See also cpdf_open().
cpdf_page_init -- »õ page¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_page_init
(int pdf document, int page number, int orientation, double height, double width, double unit);
The cpdf_page_init() function starts a new page with height height and width width. The page has number page number and orientation orientation. orientation can be 0 for portrait and 1 for landscape. The last optional parameter unit sets the unit for the koordinate system. The value should be the number of postscript points per unit. Since one inch is equal to 72 points, a value of 72 would set the unit to one inch. The default is also 72.
See also cpdf_set_current_page().
cpdf_finalize_page -- page¸¦ ³¡³½´Ù.
void cpdf_finalize_page
(int pdf document, int page number);
The cpdf_finalize_page() function ends the page with page number page number. This function is only for saving memory. A finalized page takes less memory but cannot be modified anymore.
See also cpdf_page_init().
cpdf_finalize -- ¹®¼¸¦ ³¡³½´Ù.
void cpdf_finalize
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_finalize() function ends the document. You still have to call cpdf_close().
See also cpdf_close().
cpdf_output_buffer -- ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹öÆÛÀÇ PDF ¹®¼¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_output_buffer
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_output_buffer() function outputs the pdf document to stdout. The document has to be created in memory which is the case if cpdf_open() has been called with no filename parameter.
See also cpdf_open().
cpdf_save_to_file -- PDF¹®¼¸¦ ÆÄÀÏ·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_save_to_file
(int pdf document, string filename);
The cpdf_save_to_file() function outputs the pdf document into a file if it has been created in memory. This function is not needed if the pdf document has been open by specifying a filename as a parameter of cpdf_open().
See also cpdf_output_buffer(), cpdf_open().
cpdf_set_current_page -- ÇöÀç page¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_current_page
(int pdf document, int page number);
The cpdf_set_current_page() function set the page on which all operations are performed. One can switch between pages until a page is finished with cpdf_finalize_page().
See also cpdf_finalize_page().
cpdf_begin_text -- text sectionÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_begin_text
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_begin_text() function starts a text section. It must be ended with cpdf_end_text().
Example 1. Text output <?php cpdf_begin_text($pdf); cpdf_set_font($pdf, 16, "Helvetica", 4); cpdf_text($pdf, 100, 100, "Some text"); cpdf_end_text($pdf) ?> |
See also cpdf_end_text().
cpdf_end_text -- text sectionÀ» ³¡³½´Ù.
void cpdf_end_text
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_end_text() function ends a text section which was started with cpdf_begin_text().
Example 1. Text output <?php cpdf_begin_text($pdf); cpdf_set_font($pdf, 16, "Helvetica", 4); cpdf_text($pdf, 100, 100, "Some text"); cpdf_end_text($pdf) ?> |
See also cpdf_begin_text().
cpdf_show -- ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_show
(int pdf document, string text);
The cpdf_show() function outputs the string in text at the current position.
See also cpdf_text(), cpdf_begin_text(), cpdf_end_text().
cpdf_show_xy -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_show_xy
(int pdf document, string text, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_show_xy() function outputs the string text at position with coordinates (x-koor, y-koor). The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
Note: The function cpdf_show_xy() is identical to cpdf_text().
See also cpdf_text().
cpdf_text -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ´ë·Î text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_text
(int pdf document, string text, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode, double orientation, int alignmode);
The cpdf_text() function outputs the string text at position with coordinates (x-koor, y-koor). The optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit. The optional parameter orientation is the rotation of the text in degree. The optional parameter alignmode determines how the text is align. See the ClibPDF documentation for possible values.
See also cpdf_show_xy().
cpdf_set_font -- ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÇÒ ÆùÆ® ¸ð¾ç°ú Å©±â¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_font
(int
pdf document, string font name, double size, string encoding)
The cpdf_set_font() function sets the the current font face, font size and encoding. Currently only the standard postscript fonts are supported. The last parameter encoding can take the following values: "MacRomanEncoding", "MacExpertEncoding", "WinAnsiEncoding", and "NULL". "NULL" stands for the font's built-in encoding. See the ClibPDF Manual for more information, especially how to support asian fonts.
cpdf_set_leading -- text ÁÙ°£°ÝÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set leading
(int pdf document, double distance);
The cpdf_set_leading() function sets the distance between text lines. This will be used if text is output by cpdf_continue_text().
See also cpdf_continue_text().
cpdf_set_text_rendering -- textÀÇ rendering ¹æ¹ýÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_text_rendering
(int pdf document, int mode);
The cpdf_set_text_rendering() function determines how text is rendered. The possible values for mode are 0=fill text, 1=stroke text, 2=fill and stroke text, 3=invisible, 4=fill text and add it to cliping path, 5=stroke text and add it to clipping path, 6=fill and stroke text and add it to cliping path, 7=add it to clipping path.
cpdf_set_horiz_scaling -- textÀÇ ¼öÆò È®´ë°ªÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_horiz_scaling
(int pdf document, double scale);
The cpdf_set_horiz_scaling() function sets the horizontal scaling to scale percent.
cpdf_set_text_rise -- text¸¦ ¼Ú¾Æ ¿À¸¥ ¸ð¾ç(rise)À¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
void cpdf_set_text_rise
(int pdf document, double value);
The cpdf_set_text_rise() function sets the text rising to value units.
cpdf_set_text_matrix -- text¸¦ Çà¿ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_text_matrix
(int pdf document, array matrix);
The cpdf_set_text_matrix() function sets a matrix which describes a transformation applied on the current text font.
cpdf_set_text_pos -- text À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_text_pos
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_set_text_pos() function sets the position of text for the next cpdf_show() function call. The optional parameter mode
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_show(), cpdf_text().
cpdf_set_char_spacing -- ±ÛÀÚ°£ÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_char_spacing
(int pdf document, double space);
The cpdf_set_char_spacing() function sets the spacing between characters.
See also cpdf_set_word_spacing(), cpdf_set_leading().
cpdf_set_word_spacing -- ´Ü¾î°£ÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_word_spacing
(int pdf document, double space);
The cpdf_set_word_spacing() function sets the spacing between words.
See also cpdf_set_char_spacing(), cpdf_set_leading().
cpdf_continue_text -- ´ÙÀ½ÁÙ¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_continue_text
(int pdf document, string text);
The cpdf_continue_text() function outputs the string in text in the next line.
See also cpdf_show_xy(), cpdf_text(), cpdf_set_leading(), cpdf_set_text_pos().
cpdf_stringwidth -- ÇöÀç ÆùÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ÇØ´ç textÀÇ ³ÐÀ̸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
double cpdf_stringwidth
(int pdf document, string text);
The cpdf_stringwidth() function returns the width of the string in text. It requires a font to be set before.
See also cpdf_set_font().
cpdf_save -- ÇöÀçÀÇ È¯°æÀ» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_save
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_save() function saves the current enviroment. It works like the postscript command gsave. Very useful if you want to translate or rotate an object without effecting other objects.
See also cpdf_restore().
cpdf_restore -- ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀúÀåÇß´ø ȯ°æÀ¸·Î Àç¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_restore
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_restore() function restores the enviroment saved with cpdf_save(). It works like the postscript command grestore. Very useful if you want to translate or rotate an object without effecting other objects.
Example 1. Save/Restore <?php cpdf_save($pdf); // do all kinds of rotations, transformations, ... cpdf_restore($pdf) ?> |
See also cpdf_save().
cpdf_translate -- ÁÂÇ¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿øÁ¡À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_translate
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_translate() function set the origin of coordinate system to the point (x-koor, y-koor).
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
cpdf_scale -- È´ë/Ãà¼Ò°ªÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_scale
(int pdf document, double x-scale, double y-scale);
The cpdf_scale() function set the scaling factor in both directions.
cpdf_rotate -- ȸÀü Á¤µµ(rotation )¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_rotate
(int pdf document, double angle);
The cpdf_rotate() function set the rotation in degress to angle.
cpdf_setflat -- flatness¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setflat
(int pdf document, double value);
The cpdf_setflat() function set the flatness to a value between 0 and 100.
cpdf_setlinejoin -- linejoin ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setlinejoin
(int pdf document, long value);
The cpdf_setlinejoin() function set the linejoin parameter between a value of 0 and 2. 0 = miter, 1 = round, 2 = bevel.
cpdf_setlinecap -- linecap ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setlinecap
(int pdf document, int value);
The cpdf_setlinecap() function set the linecap parameter between a value of 0 and 2. 0 = butt end, 1 = round, 2 = projecting square.
cpdf_setmiterlimit -- miter ÇѰ踦 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setmiterlimit
(int pdf document, double value);
The cpdf_setmiterlimit() function set the miter limit to a value greater or equal than 1.
cpdf_setlinewidth -- ÁÙÀÇ µÎ²²¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setlinewidth
(int pdf document, double width);
The cpdf_setlinewidth() function set the line width to width.
cpdf_setdash -- ¼±À̳ª Á¡¼±ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setdash
(int pdf document, double white, double black);
The cpdf_setdash() function set the dash pattern white white units and black black units. If both are 0 a solid line is set.
cpdf_moveto -- ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_moveto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_moveto() function set the current point to the coordinates x-koor and y-koor.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
cpdf_rmoveto -- ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. (ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¿¡¼ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ °ªÀ» ÁØ´Ù.)
void cpdf_rmoveto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_rmoveto() function set the current point relative to the coordinates x-koor and y-koor.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_moveto().
cpdf_curveto -- °î¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_curveto
(int pdf document, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3, double y3, int mode);
The cpdf_curveto() function draws a Bezier curve from the current point to the point (x3, y3) using (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as control points.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_moveto(), cpdf_rmoveto(), cpdf_rlineto(), cpdf_lineto().
cpdf_lineto -- Á÷¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_lineto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_lineto() function draws a line from the current point to the point with coordinates (x-koor, y-koor).
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_moveto(), cpdf_rmoveto(), cpdf_curveto().
cpdf_rlineto -- Á÷¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù. (ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¿¡¼ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡°ªÀ¸·Î ±×¸°´Ù.)
void cpdf_rlineto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, int mode);
The cpdf_rlineto() function draws a line from the current point to the relative point with coordinates (x-koor, y-koor).
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_moveto(), cpdf_rmoveto(), cpdf_curveto().
cpdf_circle -- À©À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_circle
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double radius, int mode);
The cpdf_circle() function draws a circle with center at point (x-koor, y-koor) and radius radius.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_arc().
cpdf_arc -- ¿øÈ£¸¦ ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_arc
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double radius, double start, double end, int mode);
The cpdf_arc() function draws an arc with center at point (x-koor, y-koor) and radius radius, starting at angle start and ending at angle end.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_circle().
cpdf_rect -- Á÷»ç°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_rect
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double width, double height, int mode);
The cpdf_rect() function draws a rectangle with its lower left corner at point (x-koor, y-koor). This width is set to widgth. This height is set to height.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
cpdf_closepath -- path¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void cpdf_closepath
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_closepath() function closes the current path.
cpdf_stroke -- path¸¦ µû¶ó ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_stroke
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_stroke() function draws a line along current path.
See also cpdf_closepath(), cpdf_closepath_stroke().
cpdf_closepath_stroke -- path¸¦ ´Ý°í ÇØ´ç path¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_closepath_stroke
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_closepath_stroke() function is a combination of cpdf_closepath() and cpdf_stroke(). Than clears the path.
See also cpdf_closepath(), cpdf_stroke().
cpdf_fill -- ÇöÀç pathÀÇ ³»ºÎ¸¦ ä¿î´Ù.
void cpdf_fill
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_fill() function fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color.
See also cpdf_closepath(), cpdf_stroke(), cpdf_setgray_fill(), cpdf_setgray(), cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill(), cpdf_setrgbcolor().
cpdf_fill_stroke -- ÇöÀç path¸¦ ä¿ì°í ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_fill_stroke
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_fill_stroke() function fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color and draws current path.
See also cpdf_closepath(), cpdf_stroke(), cpdf_fill(), cpdf_setgray_fill(), cpdf_setgray(), cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill(), cpdf_setrgbcolor().
cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke -- ÇöÀç path¸¦ ´ÝÀº ÈÄ, ä¿ì°í ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke() function closes, fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color and draws current path.
See also cpdf_closepath(), cpdf_stroke(), cpdf_fill(), cpdf_setgray_fill(), cpdf_setgray(), cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill(), cpdf_setrgbcolor().
cpdf_clip -- ÇöÀç path¸¦ µû³½´Ù.(clip)
void cpdf_clip
(int pdf document);
The cpdf_clip() function clips all drawing to the current path.
cpdf_setgray_fill -- ä¿ì´Â »öÀ» Èæ¹é°ªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setgray_fill
(int pdf document, double value);
The cpdf_setgray_fill() function sets the current gray value to fill a path.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill().
cpdf_setgray_stroke -- (¼±À̳ª ±ÛÀÚ¸¦) ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» Èæ¹é°ªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setgray_stroke
(int pdf document, double gray value);
The cpdf_setgray_stroke() function sets the current drawing color to the given gray value.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke().
cpdf_setgray -- ä¿ì´Â »ö°ú ±×¸®´Â »öÀÇ Èæ¹é°ª Á¤µµ¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setgray
(int pdf document, double gray value);
The cpdf_setgray_stroke() function sets the current drawing and filling color to the given gray value.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke(), cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill().
cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill -- ä¿ì´Â »öÀ» rgb color °ªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill() function sets the current rgb color value to fill a path.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill().
cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke -- ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» rgb color °ªÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke() function sets the current drawing color to the given rgb color value.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke().
cpdf_setrgbcolor -- ä¿ì´Â »ö°ú ±×¸®´Â »öÀÇ rgb color °ªÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_setrgbcolor
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke() function sets the current drawing and filling color to the given rgb color value.
See also cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke(), cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill().
cpdf_add_outline -- ÇöÀç page¿¡ bookmark¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_add_outline
(int pdf document, string text);
The cpdf_add_outline() function adds a bookmark with text text that points to the current page.
Example 1. Adding a page outline <?php $cpdf = cpdf_open(0); cpdf_page_init($cpdf, 1, 0, 595, 842); cpdf_add_outline($cpdf, 0, 0, 0, 1, "Page 1"); // ... // some drawing // ... cpdf_finalize($cpdf); Header("Content-type: application/pdf"); cpdf_output_buffer($cpdf); cpdf_close($cpdf); ?> |
cpdf_set_page_animation -- page°£¿¡ ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void cpdf_set_page_animation
(int pdf document, int transition, double duration);
The cpdf_set_page_animation() function set the transition between following pages.
The value of transition can be
0 for none, |
1 for two lines sweeping across the screen reveal the page, |
2 for multiple lines sweeping across the screen reveal the page, |
3 for a box reveals the page, |
4 for a single line sweeping across the screen reveals the page, |
5 for the old page dissolves to reveal the page, |
6 for the dissolve effect moves from one screen edge to another, |
7 for the old page is simply replaced by the new page (default) |
The value of duration is the number of seconds between page flipping.
cpdf_import_jpeg -- JPEG À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int cpdf_open_jpeg
(int pdf document, string file name, double x-koor, double y-koor, double angle, double width, double height,
double x-scale, double y-scale, int mode);
The cpdf_import_jpeg() function opens an image stored in the file with the name file name. The format of the image has to be jpeg. The image is placed on the current page at position (x-koor, y-koor). The image is rotated by angle degres.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_place_inline_image(),
cpdf_place_inline_image -- À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ÇØ´ç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
void cpdf_place_inline_image
(int pdf document, int image, double x-koor, double y-koor, double angle, double width, double height, int
mode);
The cpdf_place_inline_image() function places an image created with the php image functions on the page at postion (x-koor, y-koor). The image can be scaled at the same time.
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
See also cpdf_import_jpeg()
cpdf_add_annotation -- ÁÖ¼®(annotation)À» ´Ü´Ù.
void cpdf_add_annotation
(int pdf document, double llx, double lly, double urx, double ury, string title, string content, int mode);
The cpdf_add_annotation() adds a note with the lower left corner at (llx, lly) and the upper right corner at (urx, ury).
The last optional parameter determines the unit length. If is 0 or omitted the default unit as specified for the page is used. Otherwise the koodinates are measured in postscript points disregarding the current unit.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ¶§ --with-cybercash=[DIR] ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP4¿¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
cybercash_encr -- ???array cybercash_encr
(string wmk, string sk, string inbuff)
The function returns an associative array with the elements "errcode" and, if "errcode" is false, "outbuff" (string), "outLth" (long) and "macbuff" (string).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
cybercash_decr -- ???array cybercash_decr
(string wmk, string sk, string inbuff)
The function returns an associative array with the elements "errcode" and, if "errcode" is false, "outbuff" (string), "outLth" (long) and "macbuff" (string).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
cybercash_base64_encode -- ???string cybercash_base64_encode
(string inbuff)(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
cybercash_base64_decode --string cybercash_base64_decode
(string inbuff)ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº GNOME xml ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, PHP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¶§ --with-dom=[DIR] ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP4¿¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »ó¼öµéÀ» ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇÇØ ³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Table 1. XML constants
Constant | Value | Description |
---|---|---|
XML_ELEMENT_NODE | 1 | |
XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE | 2 | |
XML_TEXT_NODE | 3 | |
XML_CDATA_SECTION_NODE | 4 | |
XML_ENTITY_REF_NODE | 5 | |
XML_ENTITY_NODE | 6 | |
XML_PI_NODE | 7 | |
XML_COMMENT_NODE | 8 | |
XML_DOCUMENT_NODE | 9 | |
XML_DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE | 10 | |
XML_DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE | 11 | |
XML_NOTATION_NODE | 12 | |
XML_GLOBAL_NAMESPACE | 1 | |
XML_LOCAL_NAMESPACE | 2 |
This module defines a number of classes. The DOM XML functions return a parsed tree of the XML document with each node being an object belonging to one of these classes.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
xmldoc -- XML ¹®¼·ÎºÎÅÍ DOM °´Ã¼¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù.object xmldoc
(string
str)
The function parses the XML document in str and returns an object of class "Dom document", having the properties "doc" (resource), "version" (string) and "type" (long).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
xmldocfile -- XML ÆÄÀϷκÎÅÍ DOM °´Ã¼¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù.object xmldocfile
(string filename)
The function parses the XML document in the file named filename and returns an object of class "Dom document", having the properties "doc" (resource), "version" (string).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
xmltree -- XML ¹®¼·ÎºÎÅÍ PHP °´Ã¼µéÀÇ tree¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù.object xmltree
(string
str)
The function parses the XML document in str and returns a tree PHP objects as the parsed document.
ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº gzip(.gz)À¸·Î ¾ÐÃàµÈ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Åõ¸íÇÏ°Ô(¾ÐÃàµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³) ÀÐ°í ¾²±â À§ÇØ Jean-loup Gailly¿Í Mark Adler¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ zlib >= 1.0.9 (http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib/) ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº (socketÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ) ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ°ü¸®(filesystem)ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ gzip-¾ÐÃà°ú ¾ÐÃàÇØÁ¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ´õÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÓ½ÃÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿¾î ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¾´ ÈÄ¿¡, ±× ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î µÎ ¹ø Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Example 1. Small Zlib example
|
gzclose -- gz-file pointer¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int gzclose(int zp);
The gz-file pointed to by zp is closed.
Returns true on success and false on failure.
The gz-file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
gzeof -- gz-file pointer°¡ end-of-file¿¡ Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int gzeof(int zp);
Returns true if the gz-file pointer is at EOF or an error occurs; otherwise returns false.
The gz-file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
gzfile -- gz-fileÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹è¿·Î Àд´Ù.
array gzfile(string filename);
Identical to readgzfile(), except that gzfile() returns the file in an array.
See also readgzfile(), and gzopen().
gzgetc -- gz-file pointer¿¡¼ ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Àд´Ù.
string gzgetc(int zp);
Returns a string containing a single (uncompressed) character read from the file pointed to by zp. Returns FALSE on EOF (as does gzeof()).
The gz-file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
See also gzopen(), and gzgets().
gzgets -- gz-file pointer¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Àд´Ù.
string gzgets(int zp, int length);
Returns a (uncompressed) string of up to length - 1 bytes read from the file pointed to by fp. Reading ends when length - 1 bytes have been read, on a newline, or on EOF (whichever comes first).
If an error occurs, returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
See also gzopen(), and gzgetc().
gzgetss -- gz-file pointer¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Àоî HTML tagµéÀ» stripÇÑ´Ù.
string gzgetss(int zp, int length);
Identical to gzgets(), except that gzgetss attempts to strip any HTML and PHP tags from the text it reads.
See also gzgets(), and gzopen().
gzopen -- gz-fileÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int gzopen(string filename, string mode);
Opens a gzip (.gz) file for reading or writing. The mode parameter is as in fopen() ("rb" or "wb") but can also include a compression level ("wb9") or a strategy: 'f' for filtered data as in "wb6f", 'h' for Huffman only compression as in "wb1h". (See the description of deflateInit2 in zlib.h for more information about the strategy parameter.)
Gzopen can be used to read a file which is not in gzip format; in this case gzread will directly read from the file without decompression.
Gzopen returns a file pointer to the file opened, after that, everything you read from this file descriptor will be transparently decompressed and what you write gets compressed.
If the open fails, the function returns false.
Example 1. gzopen() example $fp = gzopen("/tmp/file.gz", "r"); |
See also gzclose().
gzpassthru -- gz-file pointer¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ µÚ¿¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Ãâ·Â(output)ÇÑ´Ù.
int gzpassthru(int zp);
Reads to EOF on the given gz-file pointer and writes the (uncompressed) results to standard output.
If an error occurs, returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
The gz-file is closed when gzpassthru() is done reading it (leaving zp useless).
gzputs -- gz-file pointer¿¡ ¾´´Ù.
int gzputs
(int zp, string str, int [length]);
gzputs() is an alias to gzwrite(), and is identical in every way.
gzread -- gz-file¿¡¼ ÀÌÁø µ¥ÀÌŸ·Î Àд´Ù.
string gzread(int zp, int length);
gzread() reads up to length bytes from the gz-file pointer referenced by zp. Reading stops when length (uncompressed) bytes have been read or EOF is reached, whichever comes first.
// get contents of a gz-file into a string $filename = "/usr/local/something.txt.gz"; $zd = gzopen( $filename, "r" ); $contents = gzread( $zd, 10000 ); gzclose( $zd );
See also gzwrite(), gzopen(), gzgets(), gzgetss(), gzfile(), and gzpassthru().
gzrewind -- gz-file pointerÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¸Ç ¾ÕÀ¸·Î °¡Á®°£´Ù.
int gzrewind(int zp);
Sets the file position indicator for zp to the beginning of the file stream.
If an error occurs, returns 0.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
See also gzseek() and gztell().
gzseek -- gz-file pointer¸¦ ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int gzseek(int zp, int offset);
Sets the file position indicator for the file referenced by zp to offset bytes into the file stream. Equivalent to calling (in C) gzseek( zp, offset, SEEK_SET ).
If the file is opened for reading, this function is emulated but can be extremely slow. If the file is opened for writing, only forward seeks are supported; gzseek then compresses a sequence of zeroes up to the new starting position.
Upon success, returns 0; otherwise, returns -1. Note that seeking past EOF is not considered an error.
See also gztell() and gzrewind().
gztell -- gz-file pointerÀÇ Àаí, ¾µ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int gztell(int zp);
Returns the position of the file pointer referenced by zp; i.e., its offset into the file stream.
If an error occurs, returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by gzopen().
See also gzopen(), gzseek() and gzrewind().
gzwrite -- gz-file¿¡ ÀÌÁø µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¾´´Ù.
int gzwrite
(int zp, string string, int [length]);
gzwrite() writes the contents of string to the gz-file stream pointed to by zp. If the length argument is given, writing will stop after length (uncompressed) bytes have been written or the end of string is reached, whichever comes first.
Note that if the length argument is given, then the magic_quotes_runtime configuration option will be ignored and no slashes will be stripped from string.
See also gzread(), gzopen(), and gzputs().
readgzfile -- gz-fileÀ» Ãâ·Â(output)ÇÑ´Ù.
int readgzfile(string filename);
Reads a file, decompresses it and writes it to standard output.
Readgzfile() can be used to read a file which is not in gzip format; in this case readgzfile() will directly read from the file without decompression.
Returns the number of (uncompressed) bytes read from the file. If an error occurs, false is returned and unless the function was called as @readgzfile, an error message is printed.
The file filename will be opened from the filesystem and its contents written to standard output.
See also gzpassthru(), gzfile(), and gzopen().
string gzcompress
(string data [, int level])
This function returns a gzip-compressed version of the input data or false on errors. The optional parameter level can be given as 0 for no compression up to 9 for maximum compression.
See also gzuncompress().
string gzcompress
(string data [, int length])
This function takes data compressed by gzcompress() and returns the orignial uncompressed data or false on error. The function will return an error if the uncompressed data is more than 256 times the lenght of the compressed input data or more than the optional parameter length.
See also gzcompress().
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº Berkeley DB ÇüÅÂÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ file-based µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ abstraction layerÀÌ´Ù. ±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀº Sleepycat Software's DB2 °°Àº Çö´ëÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±â´ÉÀÇ ºÎºÐ ÁýÇÕ(subset)ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (IBMÀÇ DB2¿Í È¥µ·ÇÏÁö ¸»±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. IBMÀÇ DB2´Â ODBC¸¦ ÅëÇØ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.)
±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ±¸Çö¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ó¸¶³ª ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö Àִ°¡°¡ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. dba_optimize()³ª dba_sync() °°Àº ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´ÜÁö ÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÛµ¿µÇ°í ´Ù¸¥ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¾Æ¹« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº handler¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. :
dbmÀº °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ(original) ÇüÅÂÀÇ Berkeley DB style µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇϸé ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â DB2¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ÇÔ¼öµé°úÀÇ È£È¯¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé DB2´Â dbm°ú ´ÜÁö ¼Ò½º ·¹º§¿¡¼¸¸ ¼·Î ȣȯ¼ºÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, original dbm ÇüÅÂ(format)¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ´Ù·ê ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ndbmÀº Á»´õ »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅ·Πdbm¿¡ ºñÇØ ÈξÀ À¯¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã dbmÀÌ °¡Áø ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÇÑ°è(arbitrary limit)¸¦ ±×´ë·Î °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
gdbmÀº GNU database managerÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº dbm°ú gdbm¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ȣȯ¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
db2´Â Sleepycat Software's DB2ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³¸íµÈ´Ù. : "standalone°ú client/server ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â °í¼º´ÉÀÇ ³»Àå µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ toolkitÀÌ´Ù."("a programmatic toolkit that provides high-performance built-in database support for both standalone and client/server applications.")
cdb´Â "³»¿ëÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â(constant) µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ÀÐ¾î µéÀ̴µ¥ ºü¸£°í, ¹ÏÀ½Á÷Çϸç, °æ·®ÀÎ ÆÐÅ°Áö"ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº qmailÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÚ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, http://pobox.com/~djb/cdb.html¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽ºÀ̹ǷÎ, Àб⠵¿ÀÛ¸¸ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
Example 1. DBA example
|
DBA´Â binary safeÇÏ°í ¾î¶² ¾î¶² arbitrary limitµµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Á¦ÇÑÀº ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±¸Çö¿¡ µû¸¥ ÇÑ°è¿¡¼ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏ ±â¹Ý(file-based) µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º´Â »õ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀÏ ¸ðµå¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÄÀÏ ¸ðµå´Â dba_open()À̳ª dba_popen()ÀÇ ³× ¹ø° Àμö·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº dba_firstkey()°ú dba_nextkey()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àüü µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Ž»öÇÏ´Â µ¿¾ÈÀº µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
Example 2. Traversing a database
|
dba_close -- µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void dba_close
(int handle);
dba_close() closes the established database and frees all resources specified by handle.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_close() does not return any value.
See also: dba_open() dba_popen()
dba_delete -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ key°ªÀ» °¡Áö´Â entry¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.
string dba_delete
(string key, int handle);
dba_delete() deletes the entry specified by key from the database specified with handle.
key is the key of the entry which is deleted.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_delete() returns true or false, if the entry is deleted or not deleted, respectively.
See also: dba_exists() dba_fetch() dba_insert() dba_replace()
dba_exists -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ key°¡ Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
bool dba_exists
(string key, int handle);
dba_exists() checks whether the specified key exists in the database specified by handle.
key is the key the check is performed for.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_exists() returns true or false, if the key is found or not found, respectively.
See also: dba_fetch() dba_delete() dba_insert() dba_replace()
dba_fetch -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ key°ªÀÇ data¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
string dba_fetch
(string key, int handle);
dba_fetch() fetches the data specified by key from the database specified with handle.
key is the key the data is specified by.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_fetch() returns the associated string or false, if the key/data pair is found or not found, respectively.
See also: dba_exists() dba_delete() dba_insert() dba_replace()
dba_firstkey -- ù ¹ø° keyÀÇ °ªÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
string dba_firstkey
(int handle);
dba_firstkey() returns the first key of the database specified by handle and resets the internal key pointer. This permits a linear search through the whole database.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_firstkey() returns the key or false depending on whether it succeeds or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_nextkey()
dba_insert -- entry¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
bool dba_insert
(string key, string value, int handle);
dba_insert() inserts the entry described with key and value into the database specified by handle. It fails, if an entry with the same key already exists.
key is the key of the entry to be inserted.
value is the value to be inserted.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_insert() returns true or false, depending on whether it succeeds of fails, respectively.
See also: dba_exists() dba_delete() dba_fetch() dba_replace()
dba_nextkey -- ´ÙÀ½ key°ªÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
string dba_nextkey
(int handle);
dba_nextkey() returns the next key of the database specified by handle and increments the internal key pointer.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_nextkey() returns the key or false depending on whether it succeeds or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_firstkey()
dba_popen -- µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬´Ù.
int dba_popen
(string path, string mode, string handler, [...]);
dba_popen() establishes a persistent database instance for path with mode using handler.
path is commonly a regular path in your filesystem.
mode is "r" for read access, "w" for read/write access to an already existing database, "c" for read/write access and database creation if it doesn't currently exist, and "n" for create, truncate and read/write access.
handler is the name of the handler which shall be used for accessing path. It is passed all optional parameters given to dba_popen() and can act on behalf of them.
dba_popen() returns a positive handler id or false, in the case the open is successful or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_open() dba_close()
dba_open -- µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int dba_open
(string path, string mode, string handler, [...]);
dba_open() establishes a database instance for path with mode using handler.
path is commonly a regular path in your filesystem.
mode is "r" for read access, "w" for read/write access to an already existing database, "c" for read/write access and database creation if it doesn't currently exist, and "n" for create, truncate and read/write access.
handler is the name of the handler which shall be used for accessing path. It is passed all optional parameters given to dba_open() and can act on behalf of them.
dba_open() returns a positive handler id or false, in the case the open is successful or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_popen() dba_close()
dba_optimize -- µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÃÖÀûÈ(Optimize)ÇÑ´Ù.
bool dba_optimize
(int handle);
dba_optimize() optimizes the underlying database specified by handle.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_optimize() returns true or false, if the optimization succeeds or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_sync()
dba_replace -- entry¸¦ ´ëÄ¡(replace)Çϰųª »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
bool dba_replace
(string key, string value, int handle);
dba_replace() replaces or inserts the entry described with key and value into the database specified by handle.
key is the key of the entry to be inserted.
value is the value to be inserted.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_replace() returns true or false, depending on whether it succeeds of fails, respectively.
See also: dba_exists() dba_delete() dba_fetch() dba_insert()
dba_sync -- µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ µ¿±âÈ(Synchronize)ÇÑ´Ù.
bool dba_sync
(int handle);
dba_sync() synchronizes the database specified by handle. This will probably trigger a physical write to disk, if supported.
handle is a database handle returned by dba_open().
dba_sync() returns true or false, if the synchronization succeeds or fails, respectively.
See also: dba_optimize()
checkdate -- date/time°ªÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int checkdate(int month, int day, int year);
Returns true if the date given is valid; otherwise returns false. Checks the validity of the date formed by the arguments. A date is considered valid if:
year is between 1900 and 32767 inclusive
month is between 1 and 12 inclusive
day is within the allowed number of days for the given month. Leap years are taken into consideration.
date -- local timeÀ» ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string date(string format, int timestamp);
Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given timestamp or the current local time if no timestamp is given.
The following characters are recognized in the format string:
a - "am" or "pm"
A - "AM" or "PM"
d - day of the month, numeric, 2 digits (with leading zeros)
D - day of the week, textual, 3 letters; i.e. "Fri"
F - month, textual, long; i.e. "January"
h - hour, numeric, 12 hour format
H - hour, numeric, 24 hour format
i - minutes, numeric
j - day of the month, numeric, without leading zeros
l (lowercase 'L') - day of the week, textual, long; i.e. "Friday"
m - month, numeric
M - month, textual, 3 letters; i.e. "Jan"
s - seconds, numeric
S - English ordinal suffix, textual, 2 characters; i.e. "th", "nd"
t - number of days in the given month; i.e. "28" to "31"
U - seconds since the epoch
Y - year, numeric, 4 digits
w - day of the week, numeric, 0 represents Sunday
y - year, numeric, 2 digits
z - day of the year, numeric; i.e. "299"
Example 1. Date() example
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It is possible to use date() and mktime() together to find dates in the future or the past.
Example 2. Date() and mktime() example
|
To format dates in other languages, you should use the setlocale() and strftime() functions.
See also gmdate() and mktime().
getdate -- date/time Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
array getdate(int timestamp);
Returns an associative array containing the date information of the timestamp as the following array elements:
"seconds" - seconds
"minutes" - minutes
"hours" - hours
"mday" - day of the month
"wday" - day of the week, numeric
"mon" - month, numeric
"year" - year, numeric
"yday" - day of the year, numeric; i.e. "299"
"weekday" - day of the week, textual, full; i.e. "Friday"
"month" - month, textual, full; i.e. "January"
gettimeofday -- ÇöÀç ½Ã°¢À» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
array gettimeofday
(void);
This is an interface to gettimeofday(2). It returns an associative array containing the data returned from the system call.
"sec" - seconds
"usec" - microseconds
"minuteswest" - minutes west of Greenwich
"dsttime" - type of dst correction
gmdate -- GMT/CUT date/timeÀ» ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string gmdate(string format, int timestamp);
Identical to the date() function except that the time returned is Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). For example, when run in Finland (GMT +0200), the first line below prints "Jan 01 1998 00:00:00", while the second prints "Dec 31 1997 22:00:00".
Example 1. Gmdate() example
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See also date(), mktime() and gmmktime().
gmmktime -- GMT ³¯Â¥¸¦ °¡Áö°í timestamp¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int gmmktime(int hour, int minute, int second, int month, int day, int year);
Identical to mktime() except the passed parameters represents a GMT date.
gmstrftime -- GMT/CUT time/date¸¦ locale ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¸¥ ÇüÅ·Π¸¸µé¾î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string gmstrftime
(string format, int timestamp);
Behaves the same as strftime() except that the time returned is Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). For example, when run in Eastern Standard Time (GMT -0500), the first line below prints "Dec 31 1998 20:00:00", while the second prints "Jan 01 1999 01:00:00".
Example 1. Gmstrftime() example
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See also strftime().
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
localtime -- ÇöÀç Áö¿ªÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ¾ò´Â´Ù.array localtime
([int
timestamp [, bool is_associative]])
The localtime() function returns an array identical to that of the structure returned by the C function call. The first argument to localtime() is the timestamp, if this is not given the current time is used. The second argument to the localtime() is the is_associative, if this is set to 0 or not supplied than the array is returned as a regular, numerically indexed array. If the argument is set to 1 then localtime() is an associative array containing all the different elements of the structure returned by the C function call to localtime. The names of the different keys of the associative array are as follows:
"tm_sec" - seconds
"tm_min" - minutes
"tm_hour" - hour
"tm_mday" - day of the month
"tm_mon" - month of the year
"tm_year" - Year, not y2k compliant
"tm_wday" - Day of the week
"tm_yday" - Day of the year
"tm_isdst" - Is daylight savings time in effect
microtime -- ÇöÀç ½Ã°¢ÀÇ timestamp¸¦ 1000ºÐÀÇ 1ÃÊ ´ÜÀ§±îÁö ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string microtime(void);
Returns the string "msec sec" where sec is the current time measured in the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch (0:00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT), and msec is the microseconds part. This function is only available on operating systems that support the gettimeofday() system call.
See also time().
mktime -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³¯Â¥¸¦ date()ÇÔ¼ö µîÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â timestamp·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
int mktime
(int hour,
int minute, int second, int month, int day, int year [, int is_dst])
Warning: Note the strange order of arguments, which differs from the order of arguments in a regular UNIX mktime() call and which does not lend itself well to leaving out parameters from right to left (see below). It is a common error to mix these values up in a script.
Returns the Unix timestamp corresponding to the arguments given. This timestamp is a long integer containing the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970) and the time specified.
Arguments may be left out in order from right to left; any arguments thus omitted will be set to the current value according to the local date and time.
Is_dst can be set to 1 if the time is during daylight savings time, 0 if it is not, or -1 (the default) if it is unknown whether the time is within daylight savings time or not.
Note: Is_dst was added in 3.0.10.
Mktime() is useful for doing date arithmetic and validation, as it will automatically calculate the correct value for out-of-range input. For example, each of the following lines produces the string "Jan-01-1998".
Example 1. Mktime() example
|
The last day of any given month can be expressed as the "0" day of the next month, not the -1 day. Both of the following examples will produce the string "The last day in Feb 2000 is: 29".
Example 2. Last day of next month
|
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ date() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é °ú°Å³ª ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÀÏÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
$tomorrow = mktime(0,0,0,date("d")+1,date("m"), date("Y"));
$lastmonth = mktime(0,0,0,date("d"),date("m")-1,date("Y"));
$nextyear = mktime(0,0,0,date("d"),date("m"),date("Y")+1); )
strftime -- ÇöÀç ½Ã°£/³¯Â¥¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
string strftime
(string format, int timestamp);
Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given timestamp or the current local time if no timestamp is given. Month and weekday names and other language dependent strings respect the current locale set with setlocale().
The following conversion specifiers are recognized in the format string:
%a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
%A - full weekday name according to the current locale
%b - abbreviated month name according to the current locale
%B - full month name according to the current locale
%c - preferred date and time representation for the current locale
%d - day of the month as a decimal number (range 0 to 31)
%H - hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00 to 23)
%I - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock (range 01 to 12)
%j - day of the year as a decimal number (range 001 to 366)
%m - month as a decimal number (range 1 to 12)
%M - minute as a decimal number
%p - either `am' or `pm' according to the given time value, or the corresponding strings for the current locale
%S - second as a decimal number
%U - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week
%W - week number of the current year as a decimal number, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week
%w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0
%x - preferred date representation for the current locale without the time
%X - preferred time representation for the current locale without the date
%y - year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to 99)
%Y - year as a decimal number including the century
%Z - time zone or name or abbreviation
%% - a literal `%' character
Example 1. Strftime() example
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This example works if you have the respective locales installed in your system.
See also setlocale() and mktime() and the Open Group specification of strftime() .
time -- ÇöÀç ½Ã°¢ÀÇ timestamp¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int time(void);
Returns the current time measured in the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch (January 1, 1970).
See also date().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.12, PHP4 >= 4.0b2)
strtotime -- °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿©·¯ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿µ¹® ³¯Â¥/½Ã°£À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© UNIX timestamp·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.int strtotime
(string
time [, int now])
The function expects to be given a string containing an english date format and will try to parse that format into a UNIX timestamp.
Example 1. Strtotime() example
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ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº dBase ÇüÅÂÀÇ databse(dbf)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
index¿Í memo Çʵå´Â Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ lockingµµ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ À¥¼¹ö ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °°Àº dBase ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, database ÀÚü°¡ ¸Á°¡Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
SQL µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿Í ´Ù¸£°Ô dBase µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º´Â »ý¼ºÈÄ¿¡ ±× ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ¸é ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ¼±¾ðÀº °íÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¼Óµµ Çâ»ó µîÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â indexµµ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. dBase´Â °íÁ¤µÈ ±æÀÌÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áø ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¼øÂ÷ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. »õ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ ºÙ°í, »èÁ¦µÈ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â dbase_pack()ÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ±â Àü¿¡´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÀÚü´Â À¯ÁöµÈ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â dBase ÆÄÀÏÀº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ´ë½Å ÁøÂ¥ SQL ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. MySQLÀ̳ª PostgreSQLÀÌ PHP¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸¹¤· »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. dBase Áö¿øÀº ´ÜÁö ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÀоîµéÀ̰ųª ³»º¸³¾ ¶§¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. dBase Æ÷¸ËÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Windows¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Æ÷¸ËÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
dbase_create -- dBase database¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
int dbase_create(string filename, array fields);
The fields parameter is an array of arrays, each array describing the format of one field in the database. Each field consists of a name, a character indicating the field type, a length, and a precision.
The types of fields available are:
L - Boolean. These do not have a length or precision.
M - Memo. (Note that these aren't supported by PHP.) These do not have a length or precision.
D - Date (stored as YYYYMMDD). These do not have a length or precision.
N - Number. These have both a length and a precision (the number of digits after the decimal point).
C - String.
If the database is successfully created, a dbase_identifier is returned, otherwise false is returned.
Example 1. Creating a dBase database file // "database" name $dbname = "/tmp/test.dbf"; // database "definition" $def = array( array("date", "D"), array("name", "C", 50), array("age", "N", 3, 0), array("email", "C", 128), array("ismember", "L") ); // creation if (!dbase_create($dbname, $def)) print "<strong>Error!</strong>"; |
dbase_open -- dBase database¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int dbase_open(string filename, int flags);
The flags correspond to those for the open() system call. (Typically 0 means read-only, 1 means write-only, and 2 means read and write.)
Returns a dbase_identifier for the opened database, or false if the database couldn't be opened.
dbase_close -- dBase database¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
bool dbase_close(int dbase_identifier);
Closes the database associated with dbase_identifier.
dbase_pack -- dBase database¸¦ packÇÑ´Ù.
bool dbase_pack(int dbase_identifier);
Packs the specified database (permanently deleting all records marked for deletion using dbase_delete_record().
dbase_add_record -- dBase database¿¡ ÇÑ record¸¦ ´õÇÑ´Ù.
bool dbase_add_record(int dbase_identifier, array record);
Adds the data in the record to the database. If the number of items in the supplied record isn't equal to the number of fields in the database, the operation will fail and false will be returned.
dbase_replace_record -- dBase databaseÀÇ ÇÑ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
bool dbase_replace_record
(int dbase_identifier, array record, int dbase_record_number);
Replaces the data associated with the record record_number with the data in the record in the database. If the number of items in the supplied record is not equal to the number of fields in the database, the operation will fail and false will be returned.
dbase_record_number is an integer which spans from 1 to the number of records in the database (as returned by dbase_numrecords()).
dbase_delete_record -- dBase database¿¡¼ ÇÑ record¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù
bool dbase_delete_record(int dbase_identifier, int record);
Marks record to be deleted from the database. To actually remove the record from the database, you must also call dbase_pack().
dbase_get_record -- dBase database¿¡¼ ÇÑ record¸¦ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
array dbase_get_record(int dbase_identifier, int record);
Returns the data from record in an array. The array is indexed starting at 0, and includes an associative member named 'deleted' which is set to 1 if the record has been marked for deletion (see dbase_delete_record().
Each field is converted to the appropriate PHP type. (Dates are left as strings.)
(PHP3 >= 3.0.4, PHP4 )
dbase_get_record_with_names -- dBase database¿¡¼ ÇÑ record¸¦ associative ¹è¿·Î Àоî¿Â´Ù.array dbase_get_record_with_names
(int dbase_identifier, int
record)
Returns the data from record in an associative array. The array also includes an associative member named 'deleted' which is set to 1 if the record has been marked for deletion (see dbase_delete_record()).
Each field is converted to the appropriate PHP type. (Dates are left as strings.)
dbase_numfields -- dBase databaseÀÇ fieldÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int dbase_numfields(int dbase_identifier);
Returns the number of fields (columns) in the specified database. Field numbers are between 0 and dbase_numfields($db)-1, while record numbers are between 1 and dbase_numrecords($db).
Example 1. Using dbase_numfields()
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dbase_numrecords -- fdBase databaseÀÇ recordÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int dbase_numrecords(int dbase_identifier);
Returns the number of records (rows) in the specified database. Record numbers are between 1 and dbase_numrecords($db), while field numbers are between 0 and dbase_numfields($db)-1.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº dbm ÇüÅÂÀÇ databse(dbf)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇüÅÂÀÇ database´Â Berkeley db, gdbm µî°ú ³»ÀåµÈ flatfile ¶óÀ̺귯¸® °°Àº ÀϺΠsystem ¶óÀ̺귯¸® µîÀÌ Áö¿øÇϴµ¥, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ relational databases¿Í ´Þ¸® key/valueÀÇ ½ÖÀ¸·Î data¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
Example 1. dbm example
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dbmopen -- dbm database¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int dbmopen(string filename, int flags);
The first argument is the full-path filename of the dbm file to be opened and the second is the file open mode which is one of "r", "n", "c" or "w" for read-only, new (implies read-write, and most likely will truncate an already-existing database of the same name), create (implies read-write, and will not truncate an already-existing database of the same name) and read-write respectively.
Returns an identifer to be passed to the other dbm functions on success, or false on failure.
If ndbm support is used, ndbm will actually create filename.dir and filename.pag files. gdbm only uses one file, as does the internal flat-file support, and Berkeley db creates a filename.db file. Note that PHP does its own file locking in addition to any file locking that may be done by the dbm library itself. PHP does not delete the .lck files it creates. It uses these files simply as fixed inodes on which to do the file locking. For more information on dbm files, see your Unix man pages, or obtain GNU's gdbm.
dbmclose -- dbm database¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
bool dbmclose(int dbm_identifier);
Unlocks and closes the specified database.
dbmexists -- dbm database¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø key¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °ªÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.
bool dbmexists(int dbm_identifier, string key);
Returns true if there is a value associated with the key.
dbmfetch -- dbm database¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø keyÀÇ value¸¦ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string dbmfetch(int dbm_identifier, string key);
Returns the value associated with key.
dbminsert -- dbm database¿¡ keyÀÇ value¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
int dbminsert(int dbm_identifier, string key, string value);
Adds the value to the database with the specified key.
Returns -1 if the database was opened read-only, 0 if the insert was successful, and 1 if the specified key already exists. (To replace the value, use dbmreplace().)
dbmreplace -- dbm database¿¡¼ keyÀÇ value¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
bool dbmreplace(int dbm_identifier, string key, string value);
Replaces the value for the specified key in the database.
This will also add the key to the database if it didn't already exist.
dbmdelete -- dbm database¿¡¼ keyÀÇ value¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
bool dbmdelete(int dbm_identifier, string key);
Deletes the value for key in the database.
Returns false if the key didn't exist in the database.
dbmfirstkey -- dbm databaseÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° key¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
string dbmfirstkey(int dbm_identifier);
Returns the first key in the database. Note that no particular order is guaranteed since the database may be built using a hash-table, which doesn't guarantee any ordering.
dbmnextkey -- dbm databaseÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ key¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
string dbmnextkey(int dbm_identifier, string key);
Returns the next key after key. By calling dbmfirstkey() followed by successive calls to dbmnextkey() it is possible to visit every key/value pair in the dbm database. For example:
Example 1. Visiting every key/value pair in a dbm database.
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dblist -- »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ dbm-compatible library¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
string dblist(void);
chdir -- ÇöÀç directory¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int chdir(string directory);
Changes PHP's current directory to directory. Returns FALSE if unable to change directory, TRUE otherwise.
dir -- directory class
new dir(string directory);
A pseudo-object oriented mechanism for reading a directory. The given directory is opened. Two properties are available once directory has been opened. The handle property can be used with other directory functions such as readdir(), rewinddir() and closedir(). The path property is set to path the directory that was opened. Three methods are available: read, rewind and close.
Example 1. Dir() Example
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closedir -- directory handleÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void closedir(int dir_handle);
Closes the directory stream indicated by dir_handle. The stream must have previously been opened by opendir().
opendir -- directory handleÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int opendir(string path);
Returns a directory handle to be used in subsequent closedir(), readdir(), and rewinddir() calls.
readdir -- directory handle·Î ºÎÅÍ Ç׸ñÀ» Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string readdir(int dir_handle);
Returns the filename of the next file from the directory. The filenames are not returned in any particular order.
Example 1. List all files in the current directory
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rewinddir -- directory handleÀ» directoryÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ À§Ä¡·Î µÇµ¹¸°´Ù.
void rewinddir(int dir_handle);
Resets the directory stream indicated by dir_handle to the beginning of the directory.
dl -- PHP extensionÀ» ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ loadÇÑ´Ù.
int dl(string library);
Loads the PHP extension defined in library. See also the extension_dir configuration directive.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº mcrypt¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº mcrypt ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÌ´Ù. mcrypt´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ block ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. : DES, TripleDES, Blowfish (default), 3-WAY, SAFER-SK64, SAFER-SK128, TWOFISH, TEA, RC2 and GOST in CBC, OFB, CFB and ECB cipher modes Ãß°¡·Î Áö¿øÇÏ´Â RC6¿Í IDEA´Â ¹«·á°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¿ì¼± ftp://argeas.cs-net.gr/pub/unix/mcrypt/¿¡¼ libmcrypt-x.x.tar.gzÀ» ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¼³Ä¡ ¼³¸í¼ ´ë·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, PHP¸¦ --with-mcrypt ¼³Á¤À» ÁÖ¾î ÀÌ È®ÀåÀ» È°¼ºÈÇÏ¿© ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
mcrypt´Â À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½Ä(cipher)À¸·Î ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª Çص¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. mcrypt_cbc(), mcrypt_cfb(), mcrypt_ecb() mcrypt_ofb()ÀÇ ³×°¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ mcrypt ¸í·ÉÀº °¢°¢ MCRYPT_ENCRYPT¿Í MCRYPT_DECRYPT·Î ¸í¸íµÈ µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
Example 1. Encrypt an input value with TripleDES in ECB mode
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À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº $encrypted_data¿¡ ¾ÏÈ£ÈµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÈ´Ù.
mcrypt´Â CBC, OFB, CFB, ECBÀÇ 4°¡Áö ¾ÏÈ£ ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â °³°³ÀÇ ¸ðµå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£·«ÇÑ ¼³¸í¸¸À» ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº SchneierÀÇ Applied Cryptography (ISBN 0-471-11709-9)¸¦ º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
ECB(electronic codebook)´Â ´Ù¸¥ Å°¸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ ·£´ý µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ª°í ·£´ýÇϹǷΠECB´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ºñÇØ º¸¾È¼öÁØÀÌ Á¶±Ý ³·Àº ÆíÀÌ´Ù.
CBC(cipher block chaining)´Â ƯÈ÷ ECB¿¡ ºñÇØ ³ôÀº º¸¾È ¼öÁØÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϴµ¥ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù.
CFB(cipher feedback)´Â °³°³ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®°¡ ¾ÏÈ£È µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â byte streamÀ» ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϴµ¥ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¸ðµåÀÌ´Ù.
OFB(output feedback)´Â CFB¿Í ȣȯµÇÁö¸¸, ¿¡·¯°¡ »ý±â¸é ¾ÈµÇ´Â ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
PHP´Â ÇöÀç bit stream¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª Çص¶ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ PHP´Â ´ÜÁö ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Áö¿øÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
Áö¿øµÇ´Â ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½ÄÀÇ Àüü ¸®½ºÆ®´Â mcrypt.h ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½Ä(cipher)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢Àº "MCRYPT_¾ÏÈ£¹æ½ÄÀ̸§"ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡´Â ÇöÀç PHP/mcrypt¿¡¼ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½ÄÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ ListÀÌ´Ù. mcrypt¿¡¼ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù°í Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¿©±â¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ÀÌ ¸Å´º¾ó ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Ãß°¡·Î Áö¿øµÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¾È½ÉÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.
CFB¿Í OFB ¸ðµå¿¡¼´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °¢°¢ÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£È ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ initialization vector (IV)¸¦ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CBC ¸ðµå¿¡¼´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. IV´Â À¯ÀÏÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ°í, ¾ÏÈ£/ÇØÁ¦½Ã¿¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÏȣȵǾî ÀúÀåµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °¡Áö°í, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ÀúÀåµÈ°÷ÀÇ index¸¦ ¾î¶² ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿© ¾òÀº °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù. (¿¹, ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ÀÇ MD5 Å°) ´Ù¸¥ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î IV¸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ÇÔ²² º¸³»´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (¿©±â¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â SchneierÀÇ Applied CryptographyÀÇ chapter 9.3À» º¸¶ó.)
mcrypt_get_cipher_name -- ƯÁ¤ ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½Ä(cipher)ÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mcrypt_get_cipher_name
(int cipher)
Mcrypt_get_cipher_name() is used to get the name of the specified cipher.
Mcrypt_get_cipher_name() takes the cipher number as an argument and returns the name of the cipher or false, if the cipher does not exist.
Example 1. Mcrypt_get_cipher_name() example
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The above example will produce:
1 2 TripleDES 3 |
mcrypt_get_block_size -- ƯÁ¤ ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½Ä(cipher)ÀÇ ºí·Ï Å©±â¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_get_block_size
(int cipher);
mcrypt_get_block_size() is used to get the size of a block of the specified cipher.
mcrypt_get_block_size() takes one argument, the cipher and returns the size in bytes.
See also: mcrypt_get_key_size()
mcrypt_get_key_size -- ƯÁ¤ ¾ÏÈ£¹æ½Ä(cipher)ÀÇ keyÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_get_key_size
(int cipher);
mcrypt_get_key_size() is used to get the size of a key of the specified cipher.
mcrypt_get_key_size() takes one argument, the cipher and returns the size in bytes.
See also: mcrypt_get_block_size()
mcrypt_create_iv -- ·£´ý ¼Ò½º¿¡¼ initialization vector(IV)¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
string mcrypt_create_iv
(int size, int source)
Mcrypt_create_iv() is used to create an IV.
mcrypt_create_iv() takes two arguments, size determines the size of the IV, source specifies the source of the IV.
The source can be MCRYPT_RAND (system random number generator), MCRYPT_DEV_RANDOM (read data from /dev/random) and MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM (read data from /dev/urandom). If you use MCRYPT_RAND, make sure to call srand() before to initialize the random number generator.
Example 1. Mcrypt_create_iv() example
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mcrypt_cbc -- CBC ¸ðµå·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª ÇØÁ¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_cbc
(int cipher, string key, string data, int mode, string [iv]);
mcrypt_cbc() encrypts or decrypts (depending on mode) the data with cipher and key in CBC cipher mode and returns the resulting string.
cipher is one of the MCRYPT_ciphername constants.
key is the key supplied to the algorithm. It must be kept secret.
data is the data which shall be encrypted/decrypted.
mode is MCRYPT_ENCRYPT or MCRYPT_DECRYPT.
iv is the optional initialization vector.
See also: mcrypt_cfb(), mcrypt_ecb(), mcrypt_ofb()
mcrypt_cfb -- CFB ¸ðµå·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª ÇØÁ¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_cfb
(int cipher, string key, string data, int mode, string iv);
mcrypt_cfb() encrypts or decrypts (depending on mode) the data with cipher and key in CFB cipher mode and returns the resulting string.
cipher is one of the MCRYPT_ciphername constants.
key is the key supplied to the algorithm. It must be kept secret.
data is the data which shall be encrypted/decrypted.
mode is MCRYPT_ENCRYPT or MCRYPT_DECRYPT.
iv is the initialization vector.
See also: mcrypt_cbc(), mcrypt_ecb(), mcrypt_ofb()
mcrypt_ecb -- ECB ¸ðµå·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª ÇØÁ¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_ecb
(int cipher, string key, string data, int mode);
mcrypt_ecb() encrypts or decrypts (depending on mode) the data with cipher and key in ECB cipher mode and returns the resulting string.
cipher is one of the MCRYPT_ciphername constants.
key is the key supplied to the algorithm. It must be kept secret.
data is the data which shall be encrypted/decrypted.
mode is MCRYPT_ENCRYPT or MCRYPT_DECRYPT.
See also: mcrypt_cbc(), mcrypt_cfb(), mcrypt_ofb()
mcrypt_ofb -- OFB ¸ðµå·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇϰųª ÇØÁ¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
int mcrypt_ofb
(int cipher, string key, string data, int mode, string iv);
mcrypt_ofb() encrypts or decrypts (depending on mode) the data with cipher and key in OFB cipher mode and returns the resulting string.
cipher is one of the MCRYPT_ciphername constants.
key is the key supplied to the algorithm. It must be kept secret.
data is the data which shall be encrypted/decrypted.
mode is MCRYPT_ENCRYPT or MCRYPT_DECRYPT.
iv is the initialization vector.
See also: mcrypt_cbc(), mcrypt_cfb(), mcrypt_ecb()
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº filePro ÇüÅÂÀÇ databse(dbf)¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» read-only·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
filePro´Â Fiserv, Inc.ÀÇ trademark·Î µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº http://www.fileproplus.com/¿¡¼ filePro¿¡ °üÇÑ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
filepro -- map fileÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ°í °ËÁõÇÑ´Ù.
bool filepro(string directory);
This reads and verifies the map file, storing the field count and info.
No locking is done, so you should avoid modifying your filePro database while it may be opened in PHP.
filepro_fieldname -- fieldÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string filepro_fieldname(int field_number);
Returns the name of the field corresponding to field_number.
filepro_fieldtype -- fieldÀÇ typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string filepro_fieldtype(int field_number);
Returns the edit type of the field corresponding to field_number.
filepro_fieldwidth -- fieldÀÇ Å©±â(width)¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filepro_fieldwidth(int field_number);
Returns the width of the field corresponding to field_number.
filepro_retrieve -- filePro database¿¡¼ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
string filepro_retrieve(int row_number, int field_number);
Returns the data from the specified location in the database.
filepro_fieldcount -- filePro databaseÀÇ fieldÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filepro_fieldcount(void);
Returns the number of fields (columns) in the opened filePro database.
See also filepro().
filepro_rowcount -- filePro databaseÀÇ rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filepro_rowcount(void);
Returns the number of rows in the opened filePro database.
See also filepro().
basename -- pathÁß name ºÎºÐÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string basename(string path);
Given a string containing a path to a file, this function will return the base name of the file.
On Windows, both slash (/) and backslash (\) are used as path separator character. In other environments, it is the forward slash (/).
Example 1. basename() example $path = "/home/httpd/html/index.php3"; $file = basename($path); // $file is set to "index.php3" |
See also: dirname()
chgrp -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ groupÀ» ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int chgrp(string filename, mixed group);
Attempts to change the group of the file filename to group. Only the superuser may change the group of a file arbitrarily; other users may change the group of a file to any group of which that user is a member.
Returns true on success; otherwise returns false.
On Windows, does nothing and returns true.
chmod -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ mode¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int chmod(string filename, int mode);
Attempts to change the mode of the file specified by filename to that given in mode.
Note that mode is not automatically assumed to be an octal value. To ensure the expected operation, you need to prefix mode with a zero (0):
chmod( "/somedir/somefile", 755 ); // decimal; probably incorrect chmod( "/somedir/somefile", 0755 ); // octal; correct value of mode
Returns true on success and false otherwise.
chown -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ owner¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int chown(string filename, mixed user);
Attempts to change the owner of the file filename to user user. Only the superuser may change the owner of a file.
Returns true on success; otherwise returns false.
NOTE: On Windows, does nothing and returns true.
See also chown() and chmod().
clearstatcache -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ stat cache¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
void clearstatcache(void);
Invoking the stat() or lstat() system call on most systems is quite expensive. Therefore, the result of the last call to any of the status functions (listed below) is stored for use on the next such call using the same filename. If you wish to force a new status check, for instance if the file is being checked many times and may change or disappear, use this function to clear the results of the last call from memory.
This value is only cached for the lifetime of a single request.
Affected functions include stat(), lstat(), file_exists(), is_writeable(), is_readable(), is_executable(), is_file(), is_dir(), is_link(), filectime(), fileatime(), filemtime(), fileinode(), filegroup(), fileowner(), filesize(), filetype(), and fileperms().
copy -- ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
int copy(string source, string dest);
Makes a copy of a file. Returns true if the copy succeeded, false otherwise.
Example 1. copy() example if (!copy($file, $file.'.bak')) { print("failed to copy $file...<br>\n"); } |
See also: rename()
delete -- ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¾ø´Â ¸í·É
void delete
(string file);
ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ã´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ unlink()³ª unset() ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ¿øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
See also: ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿ì±â À§Çؼ´Â unlink(), º¯¼ö¸¦ Áö¿ì±â À§Çؼ´Â unset()
dirname -- pathÀÇ DirectoryºÎºÐÀ» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
string dirname(string path);
Given a string containing a path to a file, this function will return the name of the directory.
On Windows, both slash (/) and backslash (\) are used as path separator character. In other environments, it is the forward slash (/).
Example 1. dirname() example $path = "/etc/passwd"; $file = dirname($path); // $file is set to "/etc" |
See also: basename()
diskfreespace -- ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀúÀå °¡´ÉÇÑ ³²Àº ¿ë·®À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
float diskfreespace
(string directory);
Given a string containing a directory, this function will return the number of bytes available on the corresponding disk.
Example 1. diskfreespace() example $df = diskfreespace("/"); // $df contains the number of bytes available on "/" |
fclose -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ file pointer¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int fclose(int fp);
The file pointed to by fp is closed.
Returns true on success and false on failure.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen() or fsockopen().
feof -- file pointer°¡ end-of-file¿¡ Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int feof(int fp);
Returns true if the file pointer is at EOF or an error occurs; otherwise returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen(), popen(), or fsockopen().
fgetc -- file pointer¿¡¼ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Àд´Ù.
string fgetc(int fp);
Returns a string containing a single character read from the file pointed to by fp. Returns FALSE on EOF (as does feof()).
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen(), popen(), or fsockopen().
See also fread(), fopen(), popen(), fsockopen(), and fgets().
fgetcsv -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¿¡¼ CSV Çʵå·Î µÈ ÁÙÀ» Àоî¿Í¼ parseÇÑ´Ù.
array fgetcsv
(int fp, int length, string [delimiter]);
Similar to fgets() except that fgetcsv() parses the line it reads for fields in CSV format and returns an array containing the fields read. The field delimiter is a comma, unless you specifiy another delimiter with the optional third parameter.
fp must be a valid file pointer to a file successfully opened by fopen(), popen(), or fsockopen()
length must be greater than the longest line to be found in the CSV file (allowing for trailing line-end characters).
fgetcsv() returns false on error, including end of file.
NB A blank line in a CSV file will be returned as an array comprising just one single null field, and will not be treated as an error.
Example 1. fgetcsv() example - Read and print entire contents of a CSV file $row=1; $fp = fopen("test.csv","r"); while ($data = fgetcsv($fp,1000)) { $num = count($data); print "<p> $num fields in line $row: <br>"; $row++; for ( $c=0; $c<$num; $c++ ) print $data[$c] . "<br>"; } fclose($fp); |
fgets -- file pointer¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿Â´Ù.
string fgets
(int fp, int length);
Returns a string of up to length - 1 bytes read from the file pointed to by fp. Reading ends when length - 1 bytes have been read, on a newline (which is included in the return value), or on EOF (whichever comes first).
If an error occurs, returns false.
Common Pitfalls:
People used to the 'C' semantics of fgets should note the difference in how EOF is returned.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen(), popen(), or fsockopen().
A simple example follows:
Example 1. Reading a file line by line $fd = fopen("/tmp/inputfile.txt", "r"); while ($buffer = fgets($fd, 4096)) { echo $buffer; } fclose($fd); |
See also fread(), fopen(), popen(), fgetc(), and fsockopen().
fgetss -- file pointer¿¡¼ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Àоî¿Í HTML tagµéÀ» stripÇÑ´Ù.
string fgetss(int fp, int length);
Identical to fgets(), except that fgetss attempts to strip any HTML and PHP tags from the text it reads.
See also fgets(), fopen(), fsockopen(), popen(), and strip_tags().
file -- ÆÄÀÏ Àüü¸¦ ÀÐ¾î¼ ¹è¿¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
array file(string filename);
Identical to readfile(), except that file() returns the file in an array. Each element of the array corresponds to a line in the file, with the newline still attached.
See also readfile(), fopen(), and popen().
file_exists -- ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int file_exists(string filename);
Returns true if the file specified by filename exists; false otherwise.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
fileatime -- ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇÑ ½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int fileatime(string filename);
Returns the time the file was last accessed, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
filectime -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ inode°¡ º¯°æµÈ ½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filectime
(string filename);
Returns the time the file was last changed, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
filegroup -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ groupÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filegroup
(string filename);
Returns the group ID of the owner of the file, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
fileinode -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ inode¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int fileinode
(string filename);
Returns the inode number of the file, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
filemtime -- ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filemtime(string filename);
Returns the time the file was last modified, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details. error.
fileowner -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ owner¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int fileowner(string filename);
Returns the user ID of the owner of the file, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details. error.
fileperms -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ permissionÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int fileperms(string filename);
Returns the permissions on the file, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
filesize -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int filesize(string filename);
Returns the size of the file, or false in case of an error.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
filetype -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string filetype(string filename);
Returns the type of the file. Possible values are fifo, char, dir, block, link, file, and unknown.
Returns false if an error occurs.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
flock -- portable ÆÄÀÏ locking
bool flock
(int fp, int operation);
PHP supports a portable way of locking complete files in an advisory way (which means all accessing programs have to use the same way of locking or it will not work).
flock() operates on fp which must be an open file pointer. operation is one of the following values:
To acquire a shared lock (reader), set operation to 1.
To acquire an exclusive lock (writer), set operation to 2.
To release a lock (shared or exclusive), set operation to 3.
If you don't want flock() to block while locking, add 4 to operation.
flock() allows you to perform a simple reader/writer model which can be used on virtually every platform (including most Unices and even Windows).
flock() returns true on success and false on error (e.g. when a lock could not be acquired).
fopen -- ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª URLÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int fopen
(string filename, string mode);
If filename begins with "http://" (not case sensitive), an HTTP 1.0 connection is opened to the specified server and a file pointer is returned to the beginning of the text of the response.
Does not handle HTTP redirects, so you must include trailing slashes on directories.
If filename begins with "ftp://" (not case sensitive), an ftp connection to the specified server is opened and a pointer to the requested file is returned. If the server does not support passive mode ftp, this will fail. You can open files for either reading and writing via ftp (but not both simultaneously).
If filename begins with anything else, the file will be opened from the filesystem, and a file pointer to the file opened is returned.
If the open fails, the function returns false.
mode may be any of the following:
'r' - Open for reading only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file.
'r+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file.
'w' - Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the file does
not exist, attempt to create it.
'w+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the
file does not exist, attempt to create it.
'a' - Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it.
'a+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it.
As well, mode may contain the letter 'b'. This is useful only on systems which differentiate between binary and text files (i.e., it's useless on Unix). If not needed, this will be ignored.
Example 1. fopen() example $fp = fopen("/home/rasmus/file.txt", "r"); $fp = fopen("http://www.php.net/", "r"); $fp = fopen("ftp://user:password@example.com/", "w"); |
If you are experiencing problems with reading and writing to files and you're using the server module version of PHP, remember to make sure that the files and directories you're using are accessible to the server process.
On the Windows platform, be careful to escape any backslashes used in the path to the file, or use forward slashes.
$fp = fopen("c:\\data\\info.txt", "r");
See also fclose(), fsockopen(), and popen().
fpassthru -- file pointer¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int fpassthru
(int fp);
Reads to EOF on the given file pointer and writes the results to standard output.
If an error occurs, fpassthru() returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen(), popen(), or fsockopen(). The file is closed when fpassthru() is done reading it (leaving fp useless).
If you just want to dump the contents of a file to stdout you may want to use the readfile(), which saves you the fopen() call.
See also readfile(), fopen(), popen(), and fsockopen()
fputs -- file pointer¿¡ ¾´´Ù.
int fputs
(int fp, string str, int [length]);
fputs() is an alias to fwrite(), and is identical in every way. Note that the length parameter is optional and if not specified the entire string will be written.
fread -- ÆÄÀÏÀ» binary·Î Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string fread(int fp, int length);
fread() reads up to length bytes from the file pointer referenced by fp. Reading stops when length bytes have been read or EOF is reached, whichever comes first.
// get contents of a file into a string $filename = "/usr/local/something.txt"; $fd = fopen( $filename, "r" ); $contents = fread( $fd, filesize( $filename ) ); fclose( $fd );
See also fwrite(), fopen(), fsockopen(), popen(), fgets(), fgetss(), file(), and fpassthru().
fseek -- file pointer¸¦ ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int fseek(int fp, int offset);
Sets the file position indicator for the file referenced by fp to offset bytes into the file stream. Equivalent to calling (in C) fseek( fp, offset, SEEK_SET ).
Upon success, returns 0; otherwise, returns -1. Note that seeking past EOF is not considered an error.
May not be used on file pointers returned by fopen() if they use the "http://" or "ftp://" formats.
See also ftell() and rewind().
ftell -- file pointerÀÇ read/write À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int ftell(int fp);
Returns the position of the file pointer referenced by fp; i.e., its offset into the file stream.
If an error occurs, returns false.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen() or popen().
See also fopen(), popen(), fseek() and rewind().
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
ftruncate -- ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁÖ¾îÁø Å©±â·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.int ftruncate
(int fp,
int size)
Takes the filepointer, fp, and truncates the file to length, size. This function returns true on success and false on failure.
fwrite -- ÆÄÀÏÀ» Binary·Î ¾´´Ù.
int fwrite(int fp, string string, int [length]);
fwrite() writes the contents of string to the file stream pointed to by fp. If the length argument is given, writing will stop after length bytes have been written or the end of string is reached, whichever comes first.
Note that if the length argument is given, then the magic_quotes_runtime configuration option will be ignored and no slashes will be stripped from string.
See also fread(), fopen(), fsockopen(), popen(), and fputs().
set_file_buffer -- ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷ÀÎÅÍ¿¡¼ ÆÄÀÏ ¹öÆÛ¸µ(buffering)À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int fwrite
(int fp, int buffer);
set_file_buffer() sets the buffering for write operations on the given filepointer fp to buffer bytes. If buffer is 0 then write operations are unbuffered.
The function returns 0 on success, or EOF if the request cannot be honored.
Note that the default for any fopen with calling set_file_buffer is 8K.
See also fopen().
is_dir -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ directoryÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_dir(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is a directory.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_file() and is_link().
is_executable -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ ½ÇÇà°¡´É ÆÄÀÏÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_executable(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is executable.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_file() and is_link().
is_file -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ º¸ÅëÆÄÀÏÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_file(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is a regular file.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_dir() and is_link().
is_link -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ symbolic linkÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_link(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is a symbolic link.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_dir() and is_file().
is_readable -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ Àб⠰¡´ÉÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_readable(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is readable.
Keep in mind that PHP may be accessing the file as the user id that the web server runs as (often 'nobody'). Safe mode limitations are not taken into account.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_writeable().
is_writeable -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ ¾²±â °¡´ÉÀΰ¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool is_readable(string filename);
Returns true if the filename exists and is writeable. The filename argument may be a directory name allowing you to check if a directory is writeable.
Keep in mind that PHP may be accessing the file as the user id that the web server runs as (often 'nobody'). Safe mode limitations are not taken into account.
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
See also is_readable().
link -- hard link¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int link(string target, string link);
Link() creates a hard link.
See also the symlink() to create soft links, and readlink() along with linkinfo().
linkinfo -- link¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int linkinfo(string path);
Linkinfo() returns the st_dev field of the UNIX C stat structure returned by the lstat system call. This function is used to verify if a link (pointed to by path) really exists (using the same method as the S_ISLNK macro defined in stat.h). Returns 0 or FALSE in case of error.
See also symlink(), link(), and readlink().
mkdir -- directory¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int mkdir
(string pathname, int mode);
Attempts to create the directory specified by pathname.
Note that you probably want to specify the mode as an octal number, which means it should have a leading zero.
mkdir("/path/to/my/dir", 0700);
Returns true on success and false on failure.
See also rmdir().
pclose -- process file pointer¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int pclose(int fp);
Closes a file pointer to a pipe opened by popen().
The file pointer must be valid, and must have been returned by a successful call to popen().
Returns the termination status of the process that was run.
See also popen().
popen -- process file pointer¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int popen(string command, string mode);
Opens a pipe to a process executed by forking the command given by command.
Returns a file pointer identical to that returned by fopen(), except that it is unidirectional (may only be used for reading or writing) and must be closed with pclose(). This pointer may be used with fgets(), fgetss(), and fputs().
If an error occurs, returns false.
$fp = popen( "/bin/ls", "r" );
See also pclose().
readfile -- fileÀ» Àоî Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int readfile(string filename);
Reads a file and writes it to standard output.
Returns the number of bytes read from the file. If an error occurs, false is returned and unless the function was called as @readfile, an error message is printed.
If filename begins with "http://" (not case sensitive), an HTTP 1.0 connection is opened to the specified server and the text of the response is written to standard output.
Does not handle HTTP redirects, so you must include trailing slashes on directories.
If filename begins with "ftp://" (not case sensitive), an ftp connection to the specified server is opened and the requested file is written to standard output. If the server does not support passive mode ftp, this will fail.
If filename begins with neither of these strings, the file will be opened from the filesystem and its contents written to standard output.
See also fpassthru(), file(), fopen(), include(), require(), and virtual().
readlink -- symbolic linkÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int readlink(string path);
Readlink() does the same as the readlink C function and returns the contents of the symbolic link path or 0 in case of error.
See also symlink(), readlink() and linkinfo().
rename -- ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int rename(string oldname, string newname);
Attempts to rename oldname to newname.
Returns true on success and false on failure.
rewind -- file pointer¸¦ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Ã³À½ À§Ä¡·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int rewind(int fp);
Sets the file position indicator for fp to the beginning of the file stream.
If an error occurs, returns 0.
The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen().
rmdir -- directory¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.
int rmdir(string dirname);
Attempts to remove the directory named by pathname. The directory must be empty, and the relevant permissions must permit this.
If an error occurs, returns 0.
See also mkdir().
stat -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ stat Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array stat(string filename);
Gathers the statistics of the file named by filename.
Returns an array with the statistics of the file with the following elements:
device
inode
number of links
user id of owner
group id owner
device type if inode device *
size in bytes
time of last access
time of last modification
time of last change
blocksize for filesystem I/O *
number of blocks allocated
* - only valid on systems supporting the st_blksize type--other systems (i.e. Windows) return -1
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
lstat -- ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª symbolic linkÀÇ stat Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array lstat
(string filename);
Gathers the statistics of the file or symbolic link named by filename. This function is identical to the stat() function except that if the filename parameter is a symbolic link, the status of the symbolic link is returned, not the status of the file pointed to by the symbolic link.
Returns an array with the statistics of the file with the following elements:
device
inode
number of links
user id of owner
group id owner
device type if inode device *
size in bytes
time of last access
time of last modification
time of last change
blocksize for filesystem I/O *
number of blocks allocated
* - only valid on systems supporting the st_blksize type--other systems (i.e. Windows) return -1
The results of this function are cached. See clearstatcache() for more details.
symlink -- symbolic link¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int symlink(string target, string link);
symlink() creates a symbolic link from the existing target with the specified name link.
See also link() to create hard links, and readlink() along with linkinfo().
tempnam -- À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÆÄÀϸíÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
string tempnam
(string dir, string prefix);
Creates a unique temporary filename in the specified directory. If the directory does not exist, tempnam() may generate a filename in the system's temporary directory.
The behaviour of the tempnam() function is system dependent. On Windows the TMP environment variable will override the dir parameter, on Linux the TMPDIR environment variable has precedence, while SVR4 will always use your dir parameter if the directory it points to exists. Consult your system documentation on the tempnam(3) function if in doubt.
Returns the new temporary filename, or the null string on failure.
Example 1. tempnam() example $tmpfname = tempnam( "/tmp", "FOO" ); |
touch -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ½Ã°¢À» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int touch(string filename, int time);
Attempts to set the modification time of the file named by filename to the value given by time. If the option time is not given, uses the present time.
If the file does not exist, it is created.
Returns true on success and false otherwise.
umask -- ÇöÀçÀÇ umask¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.
int umask(int mask);
Umask() sets PHP's umask to mask & 0777 and returns the old umask. When PHP is being used as a server module, the umask is restored when each request is finished.
Umask() without arguments simply returns the current umask.
unlink -- ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿î´Ù.
int unlink(string filename);
Deletes filename. Similar to the Unix C unlink() function.
Returns 0 or FALSE on an error.
See also rmdir() for removing directories.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHP¿¡¼ Forms Data Format (FDF)À» Áö¿øÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ Ã¹ ¹ø° ½ÃµµÀÌ´Ù. FDF¿Í ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/acrosdk/forms.htmlÀ» Àо¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Note: ÇöÀç Adobe´Â Linux¿ëÀ¸·Î libc5¿¡ ȣȯµÇ´Â ¹öÀü¸¸À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. glibc2¿¡¼ Å×½ºÆ® ÇØ º¸¾ÒÀ¸³ª segmentation fault°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´©±º°¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾ð±ÞÇØ Áֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
Note: ¸¸¾à php¸¦ fdftk Áö¿øÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Àß ¾ÈµÇ´Â °æ¿ì, Çì´õ ÆÄÀÏÀÎ FdfTk.h¿Í libFdfTk.so ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¦ÀÚ¸®¿¡ Àִ°¡ºÎÅÍ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸ÀÚ. µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀº °¢°¢ fdftk-dir/include¿Í fdftk-dir/lib µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ FdfTk ¹èÆ÷º»À» Ç®¾î³õ±â¸¸ ÇÑ °æ¿ì ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀÌ µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀº Á¦ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
FDFÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â HTML Æû°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº submit ¹öÆ°ÀÌ ´·ÁÁ³À» ¶§ ¼¹ö¿¡ Àü¼ÛµÇ´Â Æ÷¸Ë(½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Form Data FormatÀÌ´Ù)°ú, Æû ÀÚüÀÇ ÇüÅÂ(ÀÌ°ÍÀº Portable Document Format, PDFÀÌ´Ù)ÀÌ´Ù. FDF µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ fdf ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ PDF Æû¿¡ ÀÌ Æû ÀÚü¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íµµ input Çʵå¿Í µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì FDF ¹®¼¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© (fdf_create()) °¢°¢ÀÇ input Çʵ忡 °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í (fdf_set_value()), ÀÌ°ÍÀ» PDF Æû¿¡ ¹èÄ¡½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù. (fdf_set_file()) ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀº application/vnd.fdf¶ó´Â MimeTypeÀ» °¡Áö°í ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î Àü¼ÛµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Acrobat reader pluginÀº ÀÌ ¸¶ÀÓ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°í, ÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ PDF formÀ» Àоî FDF ¹®¼·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÀÐ¾î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ä¿î´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº form data¸¦ »ç¿ëÇغ¸´Â ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Example 1. Evaluating a FDF document
|
fdf_open -- »õ fdf document¸¦ ¿¬´Ù
int pdf_open
(string filename);
The fdf_open() function opens a file with form data. This file must contain the data as returned from a PDF form. Currently, the file has to be created 'manually' by using fopen() and writing the content of HTTP_FDF_DATA with fwrite() into it. A mechanism like for HTML form data where for each input field a variable is created does not exist.
Example 1. Accessing the form data <?php // Save the FDF data into a temp file $fdffp = fopen("test.fdf", "w"); fwrite($fdffp, $HTTP_FDF_DATA, strlen($HTTP_FDF_DATA)); fclose($fdffp); // Open temp file and evaluate data $fdf = fdf_open("test.fdf"); ... fdf_close($fdf); ?> |
See also fdf_close().
fdf_close -- fdf document¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void fdf_close
(int fdf_document);
The fdf_close() function closes the fdf document.
See also fdf_open().
fdf_create -- »õ fdf document¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int fdf_create
(void );
The fdf_create() creates a new FDF document. This function is needed if one would like to populate input fields in a PDF document with data.
Example 1. Populating a PDF document <?php $outfdf = fdf_create(); fdf_set_value($outfdf, "volume", $volume, 0); fdf_set_file($outfdf, "http:/testfdf/resultlabel.pdf"); fdf_save($outfdf, "outtest.fdf"); fdf_close($outfdf); Header("Content-type: application/vnd.fdf"); $fp = fopen("outtest.fdf", "r"); fpassthru($fp); unlink("outtest.fdf"); ?> |
See also fdf_close(), fdf_save(), fdf_open().
fdf_save -- fdf document¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
int fdf_save
(string filename);
The fdf_save() function saves a FDF document. The FDF Toolkit provides a way to output the document to stdout if the parameter filename is '.'. This does not work if PHP is used as an apache module. In such a case one will have to write to a file and use e.g. fpassthru(). to output it.
See also fdf_close() and example for fdf_create().
fdf_get_value -- ÇÑ ÇʵåÀÇ °ªÀ» Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string fdf_get_value
(int fdf_document, string fieldname);
The fdf_get_value() function returns the value of a field.
See also fdf_set_value().
fdf_set_value -- ÇÑ ÇʵåÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void fdf_set_value
(int fdf_document, string fieldname, string value, int isName);
The fdf_set_value() function sets the value of a field. The last parameter determines if the field value is to be converted to a PDF Name (isName = 1) or set to a PDF String (isName = 0).
See also fdf_get_value().
fdf_next_field_name -- ´ÙÀ½ ÇʵåÀÇ À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string fdf_next_field_name
(int fdf_document, string fieldname);
The fdf_next_field_name() function returns the name of the field after the field in fieldname or the field name of the first field if the second paramter is NULL.
See also fdf_set_field(), fdf_get_field().
fdf_set_ap -- ÇÑ ÇʵåÀÇ appearance¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void fdf_set_ap
(int fdf_document, string field_name, int face, string filename, int page_number);
The fdf_set_ap() function sets the appearance of a field (i.e. the value of the /AP key). The possible values of face are 1=FDFNormalAP, 2=FDFRolloverAP, 3=FDFDownAP.
fdf_set_status -- /STATUS Å°ÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void fdf_set_status
(int fdf_document, string status);
The fdf_set_status() sets the value of the /STATUS key.
See also fdf_get_status().
fdf_get_status -- /STATUS Å°ÀÇ °ªÀ» Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string fdf_get_status
(int fdf_document);
The fdf_get_status() returns the value of the /STATUS key.
See also fdf_set_status().
fdf_set_file -- /F Å°ÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void fdf_set_file
(int fdf_document, string filename);
The fdf_set_file() sets the value of the /F key. The /F key is just a reference to a PDF form which is to be populated with data. In a web environment it is a URL (e.g. http:/testfdf/resultlabel.pdf).
See also fdf_get_file() and example for fdf_create().
fdf_get_file -- /F Å°ÀÇ °ªÀ» Àоî¿Â´Ù.
string fdf_get_file
(int fdf_document);
The fdf_set_file() returns the value of the /F key.
See also fdf_set_file().
File Transfer ProtocolÀÎ FTP ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ´Ù.
FTP_ASCII ¿Í FTP_BINARY ÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ »ó¼ö°¡ FTP ¸ðµâ¿¡ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_connect -- FTP ¿¬°áÀ» ¿¬´Ù.int ftp_connect
(string
host [, int port])
Returns a FTP stream on success, false on error.
ftp_connect() opens up a FTP connection to the specified host. The port parameter specifies an alternate port to connect to. If it is omitted or zero, then the default FTP port, 21, will be used.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_login -- FTP ¿¬°á¿¡ ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_login
(int
ftp_stream, string username, string password)
Returns true on success, false on error.
Logs in the given FTP stream.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_pwd -- ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮¸íÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_pwd
(int
ftp_stream)
Returns the current directory, or false on error.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_cdup -- ºÎ¸ð µð·ºÅ丮·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_cdup
(int
ftp_stream)
Returns true on success, false on error.
Changes to the parent directory.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_chdir -- FTP ¼¹öÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ µð·ºÅ丮·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_chdir
(int
ftp_stream, string directory)
Returns true on success, false on error.
Changes to the specified directory.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_mkdir -- µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.string ftp_mkdir
(int
ftp_stream, string directory)
Returns the newly created directory name on success, false on error.
Creates the specified directory.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_rmdir -- µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.int ftp_rmdir
(int
ftp_stream, string directory)
Returns true on success, false on error.
Removes the specified directory.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_nlist -- ÁÖ¾îÁø µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ÆÄÀϸíÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹è¿·Î µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.int ftp_nlist
(int
ftp_stream, string directory)
Returns an array of filenames on success, false on error.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_rawlist -- ÁÖ¾îÁø µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹è¿·Î µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.int ftp_rawlist
(int
ftp_stream, string directory)
ftp_rawlist() executes the FTP LIST command, and returns the result as an array. Each array element corresponds to one line of text. The output is not parsed in any way. The system type identifier returned by ftp_systype() can be used to determine how the results should be interpreted.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_systype -- ¿ø°Ý FTP ¼¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¾·ù ½Äº°ÀÚ(system type identifier)¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_systype
(int
ftp_stream)
Returns the remote system type, or false on error.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_pasv -- passive ¸ðµå¸¦ ÄѰųª ²ö´Ù.int ftp_pasv
(int
ftp_stream, int pasv)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_pasv() turns on passive mode if the pasv parameter is true (it turns off passive mode if pasv is false.) In passive mode, data connections are initiated by the client, rather than by the server.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_get -- FTP ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.int ftp_get
(int
ftp_stream, string local_file, string remote_file, int mode)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_get() retrieves remote_file from the FTP server, and saves it to local_file locally. The transfer mode specified must be either FTP_ASCII or FTP_BINARY.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_fget -- FTP ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Í ±âÁ¸¿¡ ¿·ÁÁø ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_fget
(int
ftp_stream, int fp, string remote_file, int mode)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_fget() retrieves remote_file from the FTP server, and writes it to the given file pointer, fp. The transfer mode specified must be either FTP_ASCII or FTP_BINARY.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_put -- FTP ¼¹ö·Î ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿Ã¸°´Ù.int ftp_put
(int
ftp_stream, string remote_file, string local_file, int mode)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_put() stores local_file on the FTP server, as remote_file. The transfer mode specified must be either FTP_ASCII or FTP_BINARY.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_fput -- ¿·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» FTP ¼¹ö·Î ¿Ã¸°´Ù.Uploads from an open file to the FTP server.
int ftp_fput
(int
ftp_stream, string remote_file, int fp, int mode)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_fput() uploads the data from the file pointer fp until end of file. The results are stored in remote_file on the FTP server. The transfer mode specified must be either FTP_ASCII or FTP_BINARY.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_size -- ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_size
(int
ftp_stream, string remote_file)
Returns the file size on success, or -1 on error.
ftp_size() returns the size of a file. If an error occurs, of if the file does not exist, -1 is returned. Not all servers support this feature.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_mdtm -- ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¼öÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°¢À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int ftp_mdtm
(int
ftp_stream, string remote_file)
Returns a UNIX timestamp on success, or -1 on error.
ftp_mdtm() checks the last-modified time for a file, and returns it as a UNIX timestamp. If an error occurs, or the file does not exist, -1 is returned. Note that not all servers support this feature.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_rename -- FTP ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ù²Û´Ù.int ftp_rename
(int
ftp_stream, string from, string to)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_rename() renames the file specified by from to the new name to.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_delete -- FTP ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿î´Ù.int ftp_delete
(int
ftp_stream, string path)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_delete() deletes the file specified by path from the FTP server.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.15, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
ftp_site -- SITE ¸í·ÉÀ» ¼¹ö¿¡ º¸³½´Ù.int ftp_site
(int
ftp_stream, string cmd)
Returns true on success, false on error.
ftp_site() sends the command specified by cmd to the FTP server. SITE commands are not standardized, and vary from server to server. They are useful for handling such things as file permissions and group membership.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
ftp_quit -- FTP ¿¬°áÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 )
bindtextdomain -- domainÀÇ path¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.string bindtextdomain
(string domain, string directory)
The bindtextdomain() function sets the path for a domain.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 )
dcgettext -- Overrides the domain for a single lookupstring dcgettext
(string
domain, string message, int category)
This function allows you to override the current domain for a single message lookup. It also allows you to specify a category.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 )
dgettext -- Override the current domainstring dgettext
(string
domain, string message)
The dgettext() function allows you to override the current domain for a single message lookup.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 )
gettext -- Lookup a message in the current domainstring gettext
(string
message)
This function returns a translated string if one is found in the translation table, or the submitted message if not found. You may use an underscore character as an alias to this function.
Example 1. Gettext()-check
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 )
textdomain -- Sets the default domainint textdomain
([string
library])
This function sets the domain to search within when calls are made to gettext(), usually the named after an application. The previous default domain is returned. Call it with no parameters to get the current setting without changing it.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº mhash¿Í ÇÔ²² µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº mhash ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÌ´Ù. mhash´Â MD5³ª SHA1, GOST¿Í ¿©Å¸ÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Çؽ¬ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» µð¿øÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ¿ì¼± mhash ȨÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ mhash-x.x.x.tar.gz¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹Þ°í Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¼³Ä¡¼³¸í¼´ë·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ ÀÌ È®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ÄÄÆÄÀϽÿ¡ --with-mhash ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
mhash´Â checksumsÀ̳ª message digests µîÀÇ °ÍÀ» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 1. Compute the SHA1 key and print it out as hex
|
À§ÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.:
1 2 The hash is d3b85d710d8f6e4e5efd4d5e67d041f9cecedafe 3 |
Áö¿øµÇ´Â hash ¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¸®½ºÆ®´Â mhash¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¼¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏÀÚ. PHP¿¡¼ hash ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÁöĪÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹ýÄ¢Àº "MHASH_Çؽ¬À̸§"ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù.
ÇöÀç mhash¿¡¼¼ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Çؽ¬ÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. mhash¿¡¼ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù°í Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¿©±â¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ÀÌ ¸Å´º¾ó ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Ãß°¡·Î Áö¿øµÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¾È½ÉÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.
MHASH_MD5
MHASH_SHA1
MHASH_HAVAL
MHASH_RIPEMD160
MHASH_RIPEMD128
MHASH_SNEFRU
MHASH_TIGER
MHASH_GOST
MHASH_CRC32
MHASH_CRC32B
mhash_get_hash_name -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ hashÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mhash_get_hash_name
(int hash)
mhash_get_hash_name() is used to get the name of the specified hash.
mhash_get_hash_name() takes the hash id as an argument and returns the name of the hash or false, if the hash does not exist.
Example 1. mhash_get_hash_name example
|
1 2 MD5 3 |
mhash_get_block_size -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ hashÀÇ ºí·Ï Å©±â¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mhash_get_block_size
(int hash);
mhash_get_block_size() is used to get the size of a block of the specified hash.
mhash_get_block_size() takes one argument, the hash and returns the size in bytes or false, if the hash does not exist.
mhash_count -- °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå Å« hash id¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mhash_count
(void)
mhash_count() returns the highest available hash id. Hashes are numbered from 0 to this hash id.
Example 1. Traversing all hashes
|
mhash -- hash °ªÀ» °è»êÇÑ´Ù.
string mhash
(int hash, string data);
mhash() applies a hash function specified by hash to the data and returns the resulting hash (also called digest).
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº HTTP protocol leve¿¡¼ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ remote browser·Î Á÷Á¢ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
header -- HTTP Çì´õ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Àû¾îÁØ ±×´ë·Î º¸³½´Ù.
int header
(string string);
The Header() function is used at the top of an HTML file to send raw HTTP header strings. See the HTTP 1.1 Specification for more information on raw http headers. Note: Remember that the Header() function must be called before any actual output is sent either by normal HTML tags or from PHP. It is a very common error to read code with include() or with auto_prepend and have spaces or empty lines in this code that force output before header() is called.
There are two special-case header calls. The first is the "Location" header. Not only does it send this header back to the browser, it also returns a REDIRECT status code to Apache. From a script writer's point of view this should not be important, but for people who understand Apache internals it is important to understand.
1 2 header ("Location: http://www.php.net"); /* Redirect browser 3 to PHP web site */ 4 exit; /* Make sure that code below does 5 not get executed when we redirect. */ 6 |
The second special-case is any header that starts with the string, "HTTP/" (case is not significant). For example, if you have your ErrorDocument 404 Apache directive pointed to a PHP script, it would be a good idea to make sure that your PHP script is actually generating a 404. The first thing you do in your script should then be:
1 2 header ("http/1.0 404 Not Found"); 3 |
PHP scripts often generate dynamic HTML that must not be cached by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable caching with
1 2 header ("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past 3 header ("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); 4 // always modified 5 header ("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1 6 header ("Pragma: no-cache"); // HTTP/1.0 7 |
setcookie -- cookie¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î º¸³½´Ù.
int setcookie
(string name, string value, int expire, string path, string domain, int secure);
setcookie() defines a cookie to be sent along with the rest of the header information. Cookies must be sent before any other headers are sent (this is a restriction of cookies, not PHP). This requires you to place calls to this function before any <html> or <head> tags.
All the arguments except the name argument are optional. If only the name argument is present, the cookie by that name will be deleted from the remote client. You may also replace any argument with an empty string ("") in order to skip that argument. The expire and secure arguments are integers and cannot be skipped with an empty string. Use a zero (0) instead. The expire argument is a regular Unix time integer as returned by the time() or mktime() functions. The secure indicates that the cookie should only be transmitted over a secure HTTPS connection.
Common Pitfalls:
Cookies will not become visible until the next loading of a page that the cookie should be visible for.
In PHP3, multiple calls to setcookie() in the same script will be performed in reverse order. If you are trying to delete one cookie before inserting another you should put the insert before the delete. In PHP4, multiple calls to setcookie() are performed in the order called.
Some examples follow:
Example 1. setcookie() examples
|
Note that the value portion of the cookie will automatically be urlencoded when you send the cookie, and when it is received, it is automatically decoded and assigned to a variable by the same name as the cookie name. To see the contents of our test cookie in a script, simply use one of the following examples:
1 2 echo $TestCookie; 3 echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["TestCookie"]; 4 |
You may also set array cookies by using array notation in the cookie name. This has the effect of setting as many cookies as you have array elements, but when the cookie is received by your script, the values are all placed in an array with the cookie's name:
1 2 setcookie ("cookie[three]", "cookiethree"); 3 setcookie ("cookie[two]", "cookietwo"); 4 setcookie ("cookie[one]", "cookieone"); 5 if (isset ($cookie)) { 6 while (list ($name, $value) = each ($cookie)) { 7 echo "$name == $value<br>\n"; 8 } 9 } 10 |
For more information on cookies, see Netscape's cookie specification at http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 with Service Pack 1 applied does not correctly deal with cookies that have their path parameter set.
Netscape Communicator 4.05 and Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.x appear to handle cookies incorrectly when the path and time are not set.
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ÀÌ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®°Ô µÇ¸é µÎºÐ° ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô PHP¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½Ãų °ÍÀΰ¡? http://host/my_objectÀÇ URL·Î´Â ¾î¶² PHP½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µµ È£ÃâÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ À§Çؼ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À¥¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÌÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 'http://host/php3_script/my_object'°°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò·Î Àç¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, $PATH_INFO º¯¼ö¿Í Hyperwave serverÀÇ 'my_object'¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ object¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿© Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â 'php3_script'¶ó´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡´Â ½±°Ô °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °áÁ¡ÀÌ Çϳª ÀÖ´Ù. À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¹®¼·ÎÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ URLÀ» Àç¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Hyperwave ¼¹ö·ê °Ë»öÇϱâ À§ÇÑ PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¾Æ¸¶ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ http://host/Hyperwave·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ URLÀº Á¦¿Ü½ÃÅ°´Â µÎ ¹ø° Àç¼³Á¤ ±ÔÄ¢À» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ À¥ÀÇ namespace¿Í Hyperwave ¼¹ö¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
¸µÅ©ÀÇ »ðÀÔÀº À§ÀÇ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÇÏ¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áø´Ù. ¸¸¾à PHP°¡ moduleÀ̳ª CGI ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ µ¶¸³ ½ÇÇà ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̶ó¸é(¿¹¸¦µé¾î CD-ROM¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Hyperwave ¼¹öÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ýÇÁÇØ º»´Ù´øÁö ÇÏ´Â) ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀº ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇØÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¶ó¸é Hyperwave °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¸ÊÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Hyperwave °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶¿¡ ±×´ë·Î ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é °èÃþ±¸Á¶¿Í object À̸§°£¿¡ ¸ð¼øÀÌ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ('/'ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ À̸§ÀÇ °æ¿ì). µû¶ó¼ '/'´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã '_'°°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ±ÛÀÚ·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
Hyperwave ¼¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀº HG-CSP (Hyper-G Client/Server Protocol)À̶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ƯÁ¤ µ¿ÀÛ(object ·¹Äڵ带 ÀÏ°Å¿À´Â °Í °°Àº)À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ´Ù. Hyperwave ¼¹öÀÇ Ãʱ⠹öÀü¿¡´Â ¼¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë½ÅÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ Harmony¿Í Amadeus¶ó´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö´Â Hyperwave°¡ »ó¿ëÈµÇ¸é¼ »ç¶óÁö°í, wavemaster ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. wavemaster´Â HTTP¿¡¼ HG-CSP·ÎÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ º¯È¯±â(protocol converter) °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ °ü¸®¿Í ¹®¼ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã µî ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» À¥ ȯ°æ¿¡¼ ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. wavemaster´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¼öÁ¤Çϴ ƯÁ¤ µ¿ÀÛÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ placeholderµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ placeholderµéÀ» PLACE ¾ð¾î¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. PLACE´Â ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾î³ª À̸¦ À§ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ extension¿¡ ºñÇؼ´Â ¸¹Àº ¸é¿¡¼ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. PLACE´Â ´ÜÁö placeholder °³¼ö¸¦ ´Ã·ÁÁÖ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ JavascriptÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.
PHP¿¡ Hyperwave Áö¿øÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, interface customisationºÎºÐ¿¡¼ PHPÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö ¾ð¾îÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» º¸ÃæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº HG-CSP¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ¹®¼¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ ´õ °·ÂÇÑ ¸í·ÉµéÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Hyperwave´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ´ÜÆíµé¿¡ À̸§À» ºÙÀ̱â À§ÇÑ ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ÀÛ¸í¹ý(terminology)À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô È®´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ´ÙÀ½ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔ Áß¿¡ Çϳª¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
object ID: Hyperwave ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³°³ÀÇ object¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ Á¤¼ö°ª. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÇÑ ¼Ó¼ºÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. Object id´Â ¶§¶§·Î ƯÁ¤ object¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ input ÆĶó¸ÞÅͷεµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
object record: ¼Ó¼º=°ª(attribute=value)ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¦Áö¿öÁø ¼Ó¼º-°ªÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿. °¢°¢ÀÇ ½ÖÀº carriage return("\r")À¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ object ·¹ÄÚµå´Â hw_object2array() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇϳªÀÇ object ¹è¿·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù. ¸î¸îÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö´Â object ·¹Äڵ带 °á°ú°ªÀ¸·Î µ¹·ÁÁִµ¥, ÀÌ·± ÇÔ¼öµéÀÇ À̸§Àº obj·Î ³¡³´Ù.
object array: objectÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼Ó¼º(attribute)µéÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¬ÇÕµÈ(associated) ¹è¿(key-value°¡ ½ÖÀ¸·Î ÀúÀåµÇ´Â ¹è¿). ¹è¿ÀÇ key·Î´Â ¼Ó¼ºÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾î¶² ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ÇÑ object ·¹Äڵ忡 Çѹø ÀÌ»ó ³ªÅ¸³´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ À妽ºµÇ°Å³ª ¿¬ÇÕµÈ ¹è¿¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. titleÀ̳ª keyword, description °ªÀº »ç¿ë ¾ð¾î¿¡ Á¾¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¼Ó¼ºµéÀº ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¾àÈ£¸¦ key·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿¬ÇÕ ¹è¿À» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¼Ó¼ºµéÀº À妽ºµÈ ¹è¿·Î Çö¼ºµÈ´Ù. PHPÇÔ¼öµéÀº Àý´ë·Î object array¸¦ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ °á°ú°ªÀ¸·Î µ¹·ÁÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
hw_document: ÀÌ Å¸ÀÔÀº HTMLÀ̳ª PDF °°Àº ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®¼¸¦ ´ã¾ÆµÎ´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀÔÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇüÅ´ HTML ¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ ÃÖÀûÈ µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸³ª ´Ù¸¥ ÇöÅÂÀÇ ¹®¼¿¡µµ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¹è¿¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» ÇØ´ç ·¹ÄÚµåµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åë°èÀû Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø ¿¬ÇÕ ¹è¿µµ ÇÔ²² ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¹ÝȯµÈ Àüü object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¹è¿ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¿ø¼Ò°¡ ÀÌ ¹è¿ÀÌ´Ù. Åë°èÀû Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø ¹è¿¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
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PresentationHints ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ HiddenÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ °³¼ö |
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PresentationHints ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ CollectionHeadÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ °³¼ö |
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PresentationHints ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ FullCollectionHeadÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ °³¼ö |
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PresentationHints ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ CollectionHeadÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ object ·¹ÄÚµå ¹è¿ÀÇ index |
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PresentationHints ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ FullCollectionHeadÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ object ·¹ÄÚµå ¹è¿ÀÇ index |
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object ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Àüü °³¼ö |
Hyperwave ¸ðµâÀº PHP°¡ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾúÀ» ¶§ °¡Àå Àß »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀçÀÛ¼º(rewriting) ¿£ÁøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é Hyperwave ¼¹öÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ °ÅÀÇ ´À³¥ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Hyperwave¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø PHP°¡ wavemaster±â¹ÝÀÇ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ Hyperwave ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ¶§ºÎÅÍ, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼¹ö°¡ Hyperwave À¥ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼¹ö°¡ µÇ¸®¶ó ´ç¿¬È÷ ÃßÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ¼³Á¤À» ½±°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. °³³äÀº ´Ü¼øÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¼±, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº PATH_INFO º¯¼ö¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÌ º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» Hyperwave object·Î ´Ù·ê PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ À̸§À» 'Hyperwave'¶ó°í ºÎ¸£ÀÚ. http://your.hostname/Hyperwave/name_of_object¶ó´Â URLÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ 'name_of_object'¶ó´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø Hyperwave object¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ±× objectÀÇ Å¸ÀÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ŸÀÔÀÌ collectionÀ̶ó¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ childrenÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ŸÀÔÀÌ ¹®¼(document)¶ó¸é mime ŸÀÔ°ú ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÀçÀÛ¼º ¿£Áø (apache rewriting engine)ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é ¾à°£ÀÇ °³¼±À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. http://your.hostname/name_of_object°°Àº ÇüÅ·ΠURLÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© object¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ Á»´õ Á÷°üÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀçÀÛ¼º(rewriting) ±ÔÄ¢Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ½±´Ù. :
1 2 RewriteRule ^/(.*) /usr/local/apache/htdocs/HyperWave/$1 [L] 3 |
ÀÌÁ¦ ¸ðµç URLÀº Hyperwave ¼¹öÀÇ object¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºñ±³Àû °£´ÜÈ÷ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. À̷νá 'Hyperwave' ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®(¿¹¸¦µé¾î, °Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® µî)´Â ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀÛ¼º(rewriting) ±ÔÄ¢À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
1 2 RewriteRule ^/hw/(.*) /usr/local/apache/htdocs/hw/$1 [L] 3 |
ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿Í ÆÄÀϵéÀ» À§ÇÑ /usr/local/apache/htdocs/hw µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ³²°ÜµÎ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢À» À§ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢º¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú Æò°¡µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¾à°£ÀÇ °áÁ¡ÀÌ Àִµ¥, 'hw/'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø Hyperwave object´Â Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±×·± À̸§Àº ¾²Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº µð·ºÅ丮(¿¹¸¦µé¾î, À̹ÌÁö¸¦ À§ÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮)°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é, »õ·Î¿î ±ÔÄ¢À» ÷°¡Çϰųª ¿øÇÏ´Â µð·ºÅ丮µéÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Ø¿¡ ³õÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÏ¿© ÀçÀÛ¼º ¿£Áø(rewriting engine)À» Äѵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. :
1 2 RewriteEngine on 3 |
³» °æÇèÀ¸·Î º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. :
object ÀÚ½ÅÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÖ±â (to return the object itself)
°Ë»ö °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çϱâ (to allow searching)
ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀÎ (to identify yourself)
profile ¼³Á¤ (to set your profile)
object ¼Ó¼ºÀ» º¸¿©Áְųª, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸¿©Áְųª, ¼¹öÀÇ »óŸ¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Í °°Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµé
¾ÆÁ÷ ÇؾßÇÒ ÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
hw_InsertDocument¸¦ hw_InsertObject()¿Í hw_PutDocument()ÀÇ µÎ ÇÔ¼ö·Î ³ª´©±â
°³°³ÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ±× À̸§ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ È®Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ù ¹ø° ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ·Î ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿¬°á(connection)À» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¿¬°á¸¸ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ´ëºÎºÐ º° ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ŸÀÌÇÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ ±âº» ¿¬°á(default connection)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´ÙÁß ¼Ó¼º(multiple attribute)À» ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇØ object record ·ÎºÎÅÍ object array ·ÎÀÇ º¯È¯±â´ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
strin hw_array2objrec
(array object_array)
Converts an object_array into an object record. Multiple attributes like 'Title' in different languages are treated properly.
See also hw_objrec2array().
hw_Children -- childrenÀÇ object idµé
array hw_children
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object ids. Each id belongs to a child of the collection with ID objectID. The array contains all children both documents and collections.
hw_ChildrenObj -- childrenÀÇ object recordµé
array hw_childrenobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object records. Each object record belongs to a child of the collection with ID objectID. The array contains all children both documents and collections.
hw_Close -- Hyperwave connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int hw_close
(int connection);
Returns false if connection is not a valid connection index, otherwise true. Closes down the connection to a Hyperwave server with the given connection index.
hw_Connect -- Hyperwave connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int hw_connect
(string host, int port, string username, string password);
Opens a connection to a Hyperwave server and returns a connection index on success, or false if the connection could not be made. Each of the arguments should be a quoted string, except for the port number. The username and password arguments are optional and can be left out. In such a case no identification with the server will be done. It is similar to identify as user anonymous. This function returns a connection index that is needed by other Hyperwave functions. You can have multiple connections open at once. Keep in mind, that the password is not encrypted.
See also hw_pConnect().
hw_Cp -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ objectµéÀ» º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_cp
(int connection, array object_id_array, int destination id);
Copies the objects with object ids as specified in the second parameter to the collection with the id destination id.
The value return is the number of copied objects.
See also hw_mv().
hw_Deleteobject -- ƯÁ¤ object¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_deleteobject
(int connection, int object_to_delete);
Deletes the the object with the given object id in the second parameter. It will delete all instances of the object.
Returns TRUE if no error occurs otherwise FALSE.
See also hw_mv().
hw_DocByAnchor -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ anchor¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â objectÀÇ object id
int hw_docbyanchor
(int connection, int anchorID);
Returns an th object id of the document to which anchorID belongs.
hw_DocByAnchorObj -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ anchor¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â objectÀÇ object record
string hw_docbyanchorobj
(int connection, int anchorID);
Returns an th object record of the document to which anchorID belongs.
hw_DocumentAttributes -- hw_documentÀÇ object record
string hw_documentattributes
(int hw_document);
Returns the object record of the document.
See also hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_DocumentSize().
hw_DocumentBodyTag -- hw_documentÀÇ body tagÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string hw_documentbodytag
(int hw_document);
Returns the BODY tag of the document. If the document is an HTML document the BODY tag should be printed before the document.
See also hw_DocumentAttributes(), hw_DocumentSize().
hw_DocumentContent -- hw_documentÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string hw_documentcontent
(int hw_document);
Returns the content of the document. If the document is an HTML document the content is everything after the BODY tag. Information from the HEAD and BODY tag is in the stored in the object record.
See also hw_DocumentAttributes(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_DocumentSetContent().
hw_DocumentSetContent -- hw_documentÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³Á¤Çϰųª ÀçÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string hw_documentsetcontent
(int hw_document, string content);
Sets or replaces the content of the document. If the document is an HTML document the content is everything after the BODY tag. Information from the HEAD and BODY tag is in the stored in the object record. If you provide this information in the content of the document too, the Hyperwave server will change the object record accordingly when the document is inserted. Probably not a very good idea. If this functions fails the document will retain its old content.
See also hw_DocumentAttributes(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_DocumentContent().
hw_DocumentSize -- hw_documentÀÇ Å©±â
int hw_documentsize
(int hw_document);
Returns the size in bytes of the document.
See also hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_DocumentAttributes().
hw_ErrorMsg -- error message¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string hw_errormsg
(int connection);
Returns a string containing the last error message or 'No Error'. If false is returned, this function failed. The message relates to the last command.
hw_EditText -- text ¹®¼¸¦ ¿ø·¡´ë·Î º¹±¸(retrieve)ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_edittext
(int connection, int hw_document);
Uploads the text document to the server. The object record of the document may not be modified while the document is edited. This function will only works for pure text documents. It will not open a special data connection and therefore blocks the control connection during the transfer.
See also hw_PipeDocument(), hw_FreeDocument(), hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_OutputDocument(), hw_GetText().
hw_Error -- error ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_error
(int connection);
Returns the last error number. If the return value is 0 no error has occurred. The error relates to the last command.
hw_Free_Document -- hw_document°¡ Á¡À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿øµéÀ» Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int hw_free_document
(int hw_document);
Frees the memory occupied by the Hyperwave document.
hw_GetParents -- parentµéÀÇ object idµé
array hw_getparentsobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an indexed array of object ids. Each object id belongs to a parent of the object with ID objectID.
hw_GetParentsObj -- parentµéÀÇ object recordµé
array hw_getparentsobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an indexed array of object records plus an associated array with statistical information about the object records. The associated array is the last entry of the returned array. Each object record belongs to a parent of the object with ID objectID.
hw_GetChildColl -- child collectionµéÀÇ object idµé
array hw_getchildcoll
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object ids. Each object ID belongs to a child collection of the collection with ID objectID. The function will not return child documents.
See also hw_GetChildren(), hw_GetChildDocColl().
hw_GetChildCollObj -- child collectionµéÀÇ object recordµé
array hw_getchildcollobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object records. Each object records belongs to a child collection of the collection with ID objectID. The function will not return child documents.
See also hw_ChildrenObj(), hw_GetChildDocCollObj().
hw_GetRemote -- remote document¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_getremote
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns a remote document. Remote documents in Hyperwave notation are documents retrieved from an external source. Common remote documents are for example external web pages or queries in a database. In order to be able to access external sources throught remote documents Hyperwave introduces the HGI (Hyperwave Gateway Interface) which is similar to the CGI. Currently, only ftp, http-servers and some databases can be accessed by the HGI. Calling hw_GetRemote() returns the document from the external source. If you want to use this function you should be very familiar with HGIs. You should also consider to use PHP instead of Hyperwave to access external sources. Adding database support by a Hyperwave gateway should be more difficult than doing it in PHP.
See also hw_GetRemoteChildren().
hw_GetRemoteChildren -- remote documentÀÇ childrenÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_getremotechildren
(int connection, string object record);
Returns the children of a remote document. Children of a remote document are remote documents itself. This makes sense if a database query has to be narrowed and is explained in Hyperwave Programmers' Guide. If the number of children is 1 the function will return the document itself formated by the Hyperwave Gateway Interface (HGI). If the number of children is greater than 1 it will return an array of object record with each maybe the input value for another call to hw_GetRemoteChildren(). Those object records are virtual and do not exist in the Hyperwave server, therefore they do not have a valid object ID. How exactely such an object record looks like is up to the HGI. If you want to use this function you should be very familiar with HGIs. You should also consider to use PHP instead of Hyperwave to access external sources. Adding database support by a Hyperwave gateway should be more difficult than doing it in PHP.
See also hw_GetRemote().
hw_GetSrcByDestObj -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ object¸¦ Áö½ÃÇÏ´Â anchorµéÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_getsrcbydestobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns the object records of all anchors pointing to the object with ID objectID. The object can either be a document or an anchor of type destination.
See also hw_GetAnchors().
hw_GetObject -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ object record¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_getobject
(int connection, [int|array] objectID, string query);
Returns the object record for the object with ID objectID if the second parameter is an integer. If the second parameter is an array of integer the function will return an array of object records. In such a case the last parameter is also evaluated which is a query string.
The query string has the following syntax:
<expr> ::= "(" <expr> ")" |
"!" <expr> | /* NOT */
<expr> "||" <expr> | /* OR */
<expr> "&&" <expr> | /* AND */
<attribute> <operator> <value>
<attribute> ::= /* any attribute name (Title, Author, DocumentType ...) */
<operator> ::= "=" | /* equal */
"<" | /* less than (string compare) */
">" | /* greater than (string compare) */
"~" /* regular expression matching */
The query allows to further select certain objects from the list of given objects. Unlike the other query functions, this query may use not indexed attributes. How many object records are returned depends on the query and if access to the object is allowed.
See also hw_GetAndLock(), hw_GetObjectByQuery().
hw_GetAndLock -- object record¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÏ°í ÇØ´ç object¸¦ lockÇÑ´Ù.
string hw_getandlock
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns the object record for the object with ID objectID. It will also lock the object, so other users cannot access it until it is unlocked.
See also hw_Unlock(), hw_GetObject().
hw_GetText -- text ¹®¼¸¦ ¿ø·¡´ë·Î º¹±¸(retrieve)ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_gettext
(int connection, int objectID, mixed [rootID/prefix] );
Returns the document with object ID objectID. If the document has anchors which can be inserted, they will be inserted already. The optional parameter rootID/prefix can be a string or an integer. If it is an integer it determines how links are inserted into the document. The default is 0 and will result in links that are constructed from the name of the link's destination object. This is useful for web applications. If a link points to an object with name 'internet_movie' the HTML link will be <A HREF="/internet_movie">. The actual location of the source and destination object in the document hierachy is disregarded. You will have to set up your web browser, to rewrite that URL to for example '/my_script.php3/internet_movie'. 'my_script.php3' will have to evaluate $PATH_INFO and retrieve the document. All links will have the prefix '/my_script.php3/'. If you do not want this you can set the optional parameter rootID/prefix to any prefix which is used instead. Is this case it has to be a string.
If rootID/prefix is an integer and unequal to 0 the link is constructed from all the names starting at the object with the id rootID/prefix separated by a slash relative to the current object. If for example the above document 'internet_movie' is located at 'a-b-c-internet_movie' with '-' being the seperator between hierachy levels on the Hyperwave server and the source document is located at 'a-b-d-source' the resulting HTML link would be: <A HREF="../c/internet_movie">. This is useful if you want to download the whole server content onto disk and map the document hierachy onto the file system.
This function will only work for pure text documents. It will not open a special data connection and therefore blocks the control connection during the transfer.
See also hw_PipeDocument(), hw_FreeDocument(), hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_OutputDocument().
hw_GetObjectByQuery -- object¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.
array hw_getobjectbyquery
(int connection, string query, int max_hits);
Searches for objects on the whole server and returns an array of object ids. The maximum number of matches is limited to max_hits. If max_hits is set to -1 the maximum number of matches is unlimited.
The query will only work with indexed attributes.
See also hw_GetObjectByQueryObj().
hw_GetObjectByQueryObj -- object¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.
array hw_getobjectbyqueryobj
(int connection, string query, int max_hits);
Searches for objects on the whole server and returns an array of object records. The maximum number of matches is limited to max_hits. If max_hits is set to -1 the maximum number of matches is unlimited.
The query will only work with indexed attributes.
See also hw_GetObjectByQuery().
hw_GetObjectByQueryColl -- collection ¾È¿¡¼ objectÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
array hw_getobjectbyquerycoll
(int connection, int objectID, string query, int max_hits);
Searches for objects in collection with ID objectID and returns an array of object ids. The maximum number of matches is limited to max_hits. If max_hits is set to -1 the maximum number of matches is unlimited.
The query will only work with indexed attributes.
See also hw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj().
hw_GetObjectByQueryCollObj -- collection ¾È¿¡¼ objectÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
array hw_getobjectbyquerycollobj
(int connection, int objectID, string query, int max_hits);
Searches for objects in collection with ID objectID and returns an array of object records. The maximum number of matches is limited to max_hits. If max_hits is set to -1 the maximum number of matches is unlimited.
The query will only work with indexed attributes.
See also hw_GetObjectByQueryColl().
hw_GetChildDocColl -- collection ¾ÈÀÇ child ¹®¼µéÀÇ object id¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_getchilddoccoll
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns array of object ids for child documents of a collection.
See also hw_GetChildren(), hw_GetChildColl().
hw_GetChildDocCollObj -- collection ¾ÈÀÇ child ¹®¼µéÀÇ object record¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_getchilddoccollobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object records for child documents of a collection.
See also hw_ChildrenObj(), hw_GetChildCollObj().
hw_GetAnchors -- ¹®¼ÀÇ anchorµéÀÇ object id
array hw_getanchors
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object ids with anchors of the document with object ID objectID.
hw_GetAnchorsObj -- ¹®¼ÀÇ anchorµéÀÇ object record
array hw_getanchorsobj
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns an array of object records with anchors of the document with object ID objectID.
hw_Mv -- objectµéÀ» ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int hw_mv
(int connection, array object id array, int source id, int destination id);
Moves the objects with object ids as specified in the second parameter from the collection with id source id to the collection with the id destination id. If the destination id is 0 the objects will be unlinked from the source collection. If this is the last instance of that object it will be deleted. If you want to delete all instances at once, use hw_deleteobject().
The value return is the number of moved objects.
See also hw_cp(), hw_deleteobject().
hw_Identify -- »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ identifyÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_identify
(string username, string password);
Identifies as user with username and password. Identification is only valid for the current session. I do not thing this function will be needed very often. In most cases it will be easier to identify with the opening of the connection.
See also hw_Connect().
hw_InCollections -- object idÀÇ object°¡ collection¿¡ ¼ÓÇϴ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_incollections
(int connection, array object_id_array, array collection_id array, int return_collections);
Checks whether a set of objects (documents or collections) specified by the object_id_array is part of the collections listed in collection_id_array. When the fourth parameter return_collections is 0, the subset of object ids that is part of the collections (i.e., the documents or collections that are children of one or more collections of collection ids or their subcollections, recursively) is returned as an array. When the fourth parameter is 1, however, the set of collections that have one or more objects of this subset as children are returned as an array. This option allows a client to, e.g., highlight the part of the collection hierarchy that contains the matches of a previous query, in a graphical overview.
hw_Info -- connection¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸
string hw_info
(int connection);
Returns information about the current connection. The returned string has the following format: <Serverstring>, <Host>, <Port>, <Username>, <Port of Client>, <Byte swapping>
hw_InsColl -- collectionÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_inscoll
(int connection, int objectID, array object_array);
Inserts a new collection with attributes as in object_array into collection with object ID objectID.
hw_InsDoc -- document¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_insdoc
(int connection, int parentID, string object_record, string text);
Inserts a new document with attributes as in object_record into collection with object ID parentID. This function inserts either an object record only or an object record and a pure ascii text in text if text is given. If you want to insert a general document of any kind use hw_insertdocument() instead.
See also hw_InsertDocument(), hw_InsColl().
hw_InsertDocument -- ¾î¶² document¸¦ collectionÀ¸·Î upload ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_insertdocument
(int connection, int parent_id, int hw_document);
Uploads a document into the collection with parent_id. The document has to be created before with hw_NewDocument(). Make sure that the object record of the new document contains at least the attributes: Type, DocumentType, Title and Name. Possibly you also want to set the MimeType. The functions returns the object id of the new document or false.
See also hw_PipeDocument().
hw_InsertObject -- object record¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_insertobject
(int connection, string object rec, string parameter);
Inserts an object into the server. The object can be any valid hyperwave object. See the HG-CSP documentation for a detailed information on how the parameters have to be.
Note: If you want to insert an Anchor, the attribute Position has always been set either to a start/end value or to 'invisible'. Invisible positions are needed if the annotation has no correspondig link in the annotation text.
See also hw_PipeDocument(), hw_InsertDocument(), hw_InsDoc(), hw_InsColl().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
hw_mapid -- global id ¸¦ °¡»óÀÇ local id·Î ¸ÊÇνÃŲ´Ù.int hw_mapid
(int
connection, int server id, int object id)
Maps a global object id on any hyperwave server, even those you did not connect to with hw_connect(), onto a virtual object id. This virtual object id can then be used as any other object id, e.g. to obtain the object record with hw_getobject(). The server id is the first part of the global object id (GOid) of the object which is actually the IP number as an integer.
Note: In order to use this function you will have to set the F_DISTRIBUTED flag, which can currently only be set at compile time in hg_comm.c. It is not set by default. Read the comment at the beginning of hg_comm.c
hw_Modifyobject -- object ·¹Äڵ带 ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_modifyobject
(int connection, int object_to_change, array remove, array add, int mode);
This command allows to remove, add, or modify individual attributes of an object record. The object is specified by the Object ID object_to_change. The first array remove is a list of attributes to remove. The second array add is a list of attributes to add. In order to modify an attribute one will have to remove the old one and add a new one. hw_modifyobject() will always remove the attributes before it adds attributes unless the value of the attribute to remove is not a string or array.
The last parameter determines if the modification is performed recursively. 1 means recurive modification. If some of the objects cannot be modified they will be skiped without notice. hw_error() may not indicate an error though some of the objects could not be modified.
The keys of both arrays are the attributes name. The value of each array element can either be an array, a string or anything else. If it is an array each attribute value is constructed by the key of each element plus a colon and the value of each element. If it is a string it is taken as the attribute value. An empty string will result in a complete removal of that attribute. If the value is neither a string nor an array but something else, e.g. an integer, no operation at all will be performed on the attribute. This is neccessary if you want to to add a completely new attribute not just a new value for an existing attribute. If the remove array contained an empty string for that attribute, the attribute would be tried to be removed which would fail since it doesn't exist. The following addition of a new value for that attribute would also fail. Setting the value for that attribute to e.g. 0 would not even try to remove it and the addition will work.
If you would like to change the attribute 'Name' with the current value 'books' into 'articles' you will have to create two arrays and call hw_modifyobject().
Example 1. modifying an attribute
|
Example 2. adding a completely new attribute
|
Note: Multilingual attributes, e.g. 'Title', can be modified in two ways. Either by providing the attributes value in its native form 'language':'title' or by providing an array with elements for each language as described above. The above example would than be:
Example 3. modifying Title attribute
|
Example 4. modifying Title attribute
|
Example 5. removing attribute
|
Note: This will remove all attributes with the name 'Title' and adds a new 'Title' attribute. This comes in handy if you want to remove attributes recursively.
Note: If you need to delete all attributes with a certain name you will have to pass an empty string as the attribute value.
Note: Only the attributes 'Title', 'Description' and 'Keyword' will properly handle the language prefix. If those attributes don't carry a language prefix, the prefix 'xx' will be assigned.
Note: The 'Name' attribute is somewhat special. In some cases it cannot be complete removed. You will get an error message 'Change of base attribute' (not clear when this happens). Therefore you will always have to add a new Name first and than remove the old one.
Note: You may not suround this function by calls to hw_getandlock() and hw_unlock(). hw_modifyobject() does this internally.
Returns TRUE if no error occurs otherwise FALSE.
hw_New_Document -- »õ document¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int hw_new_document
(string object_record, string document_data, int document_size);
Returns a new Hyperwave document with document data set to document_data and object record set to object_record. The length of the document_data has to passed in document_sizeThis function does not insert the document into the Hyperwave server.
See also hw_FreeDocument(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_OutputDocument(), hw_InsertDocument().
hw_Objrec2Array -- object recordÀÇ ¼Ó¼º(attributes)À» object array·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
array hw_objrec2array
(string object_record);
Converts an object_record into an object array. The keys of the resulting array are the attributes names. Multiple attributes like 'Title' in different languages form its own array. The keys of this array are the left part to the colon of the attribute value. Currently only the attributes 'Title', 'Description' and 'Keyword' are treated properly.
See also hw_Array2Objrec().
hw_OutputDocument -- hw_document¸¦ printÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_outputdocument
(int hw_document);
Prints the document without the BODY tag.
hw_pConnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ(persistent) database connectionÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
int hw_pconnect
(string host, int port, string username, string password);
Returns a connection index on success, or false if the connection could not be made. Opens a persistent connection to a Hyperwave server. Each of the arguments should be a quoted string, except for the port number. The username and password arguments are optional and can be left out. In such a case no identification with the server will be done. It is similar to identify as user anonymous. This function returns a connection index that is needed by other Hyperwave functions. You can have multiple persistent connections open at once.
See also hw_Connect().
hw_PipeDocument -- document¸¦ ¿ø·¡´ë·Î º¹±¸(retrieve)ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_pipedocument
(int connection, int objectID);
Returns the Hyperwave document with object ID objectID. If the document has anchors which can be inserted, they will have been inserted already. The document will be transfered via a special data connection which does not block the control connection.
See also hw_GetText() for more on link insertion, hw_FreeDocument(), hw_DocumentSize(), hw_DocumentBodyTag(), hw_OutputDocument().
hw_Root -- root objectÀÇ object id
int hw_root
();
Returns the object ID of the hyperroot collection. Currently this is always 0. The child collection of the hyperroot is the root collection of the connected server.
hw_Unlock -- object¸¦ unlock ÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_unlock
(int connection, int objectID);
Unlocks a document, so other users regain access.
See also hw_GetAndLock().
hw_Who -- ÇöÀç login µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀ» listÇÑ´Ù.
int hw_who
(int connection);
Returns an array of users currently logged into the Hyperwave server. Each entry in this array is an array itself containing the elements id, name, system, onSinceDate, onSinceTime, TotalTime and self. 'self' is 1 if this entry belongs to the user who initianted the request.
hw_Username -- ÇöÀç log in ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â userÀÇ À̸§
string hw_getusername
(int connection);
Returns the username of the connection.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©±âÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµé·Î JPEG, GIF, PNG À̹ÌÁöÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ GD library(http://www.boutell.com/gd/¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.)¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº GIF À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé°Å³ª ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
GetImageSize -- GIF³ª JPG, PNG ±×¸²ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array getimagesize
(string filename [, array imageinfo])
The GetImageSize() function will determine the size of any GIF, JPG or PNG image file and return the dimensions along with the file type and a height/width text string to be used inside a normal HTML IMG tag.
Returns an array with 4 elements. Index 0 contains the width of the image in pixels. Index 1 contains the height. Index 2 a flag indicating the type of the image. 1 = GIF, 2 = JPG, 3 = PNG. Index 3 is a text string with the correct "height=xxx width=xxx" string that can be used directly in an IMG tag.
Example 1. GetImageSize
|
The optional imageinfo parameter allows you to extract some extended information from the image file. Currently this will return the diffrent JPG APP markers in an associative Array. Some Programs use these APP markers to embedd text information in images. A very common one in to embed IPTC http://www.xe.net/iptc/ information in the APP13 marker. You can use the iptcparse() function to parse the binary APP13 marker into something readable.
Example 2. GetImageSize returning IPTC
|
Note: This function does not require the GD image library.
ImageArc -- Ÿ¿ø È£¸¦ ±× ¸° ´Ù.
int imagearc
(int im,
int cx, int cy, int w, int h, int s, int e, int col)
ImageArc() draws a partial ellipse centered at cx, cy (top left is 0, 0) in the image represented by im. W and h specifies the ellipse's width and height respectively while the start and end points are specified in degrees indicated by the s and e. arguments.
ImageChar -- ÇÑ ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagechar
(int im,
int font, int x, int y, string c, int col)
ImageChar() draws the first character of c in the image identified by id with its upper-left at x,y (top left is 0, 0) with the color col. If font is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a built-in font is used (with higher numbers corresponding to larger fonts).
See also imageloadfont().
ImageCharUp -- ÇÑ ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagecharup
(int im,
int font, int x, int y, string c, int col)
ImageCharUp() draws the character c vertically in the image identified by im at coordinates x, y (top left is 0, 0) with the color col. If font is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a built-in font is used.
See also imageloadfont().
ImageColorAllocate -- ±×¸²À» À§ÇÑ »ö±òÀ» ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolorallocate
(int im, int red, int green, int blue)
ImageColorAllocate() returns a color identifier representing the color composed of the given RGB components. The im argument is the return from the imagecreate() function. ImageColorAllocate() must be called to create each color that is to be used in the image represented by im.
1 2 $white = ImageColorAllocate ($im, 255, 255, 255); 3 $black = ImageColorAllocate ($im, 0, 0, 0); 4 |
int imagecolordeallocate
(int im, int index)
The ImageColorDeAllocate() function de-allocates a color previously allocated with the ImageColorAllocate() function.
1 2 $white = ImageColorAllocate($im, 255, 255, 255); 3 ImageColorDeAllocate($im, $white); 4 |
ImageColorAt -- ÇØ´ç pixel »ö±òÀÇ index¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolorat
(int im, int
x, int y)Returns the index of the color of the pixel at the specified location in the image.
See also imagecolorset() and imagecolorsforindex().
ImageColorClosest -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ »ö°ú °¡Àå °¡±î¿î »öÀÇ index¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolorclosest
(int im,
int red, int green, int blue);Returns the index of the color in the palette of the image which is "closest" to the specified RGB value.
The "distance" between the desired color and each color in the palette is calculated as if the RGB values represented points in three-dimensional space.
See also imagecolorexact().
ImageColorExact -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ »öÀÇ index¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
iint imagecolorexact
(int im,
int red, int green, int blue);
Returns the index of the specified color in the palette of the image.
If the color does not exist in the image's palette, -1 is returned.
See also imagecolorclosest().
ImageColorResolve -- ƯÁ¤»öÀ̳ª ±×¿¡ °¡Àå °¡±î¿î »öÀÇ index¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolorresolve
(int im,
int red, int green, int blue);This function is guaranteed to return a color index for a requested color, either the exact color or the closest possible alternative.
See also imagecolorclosest().
int imagegammacorrect
(int im, double inputgamma, double outputgamma)
The ImageGammaCorrect() function applies gamma correction to a gd image stream (im) given an input gamma, the parameter inputgamma and an output gamma, the parameter outputgamma.
ImageColorSet -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ »öÀ» ƯÁ¤ palette index·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
bool imagecolorset
(int im, int
index, int red, int green, int blue);This sets the specified index in the palette to the specified color. This is useful for creating flood-fill-like effects in paletted images without the overhead of performing the actual flood-fill.
See also imagecolorat().
ImageColorsForIndex -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ indexÀÇ »öÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array imagecolorsforindex
(int
im, int index);This returns an associative array with red, green, and blue keys that contain the appropriate values for the specified color index.
See also imagecolorat() and imagecolorexact().
ImageColorsTotal -- ±×¸²ÀÇ palette¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »öÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolorstotal
(int im);This returns the number of colors in the specified image's palette.
See also imagecolorat() and imagecolorsforindex().
ImageColorTransparent -- Åõ¸íÇÑ »ö±òÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagecolortransparent
(int im [, int col])
ImageColorTransparent() sets the transparent color in the im image to col. Im is the image identifier returned by ImageCreate() and col is a color identifier returned by ImageColorAllocate().
The identifier of the new (or current, if none is specified) transparent color is returned
int ImageCopy
(int
dst_im, int src_im, int dst_x, int dst_y, int src_x, int src_y, int src_w, int
src_h)
Copy a part of src_im onto dst_im starting at the x,y coordinates src_x, src_y with a width of src_w and a height of src_h. The portion defined will be copied onto the x,y coordinates, dst_x and dst_y.
ImageCopyResized -- ±×¸²ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» º¹»çÇÏ°í Å©±â¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int imagecopyresized
(int
dst_im, int src_im, int dstX, int dstY, int srcX, int srcY, int dstW, int dstH,
int srcW, int srcH);ImageCopyResized() copies a rectangular portion of one image to another image. Dst_im is the destination image, src_im is the source image identifier. If the source and destination coordinates and width and heights differ, appropriate stretching or shrinking of the image fragment will be performed. The coordinates refer to the upper left corner. This function can be used to copy regions within the same image (if dst_im is the same as src_im) but if the regions overlap the results will be unpredictable.
ImageCreate -- »õ image¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int imagecreate
(int x_size,
int y_size);ImageCreate returns an image identifier representing a blank image of size x_size by y_size.
ImageCreateFromGif -- GIF ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª URL·ÎºÎÅÍ »õ image¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int imagecreatefromgif
(string filename)
ImageCreateFromGif() returns an image identifier representing the image obtained from the given filename.
ImageCreateFromGif() returns an empty string on failure. It also outputs an error message, which unfortunately displays as a broken link in a browser. To ease debugging the following example will produce an error GIF:
Example 1. Example to handle an error during creation (courtesy vic@zymsys.com)
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Note: Since all GIF support was removed from the GD library in version 1.6, this function is not available if you are using that version of the GD library.
int imagecreatefromjpeg
(string filename)
ImageCreateFromJPEG() returns an image identifier representing the image obtained from the given filename.
ImagecreateFromJPEG() returns an empty string on failure. It also outputs an error message, which unfortunately displays as a broken link in a browser. To ease debugging the following example will produce an error JPEG:
Example 1. Example to handle an error during creation (courtesy vic@zymsys.com )
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int imagecreatefrompng
(string filename)
ImageCreateFromPNG() returns an image identifier representing the image obtained from the given filename.
ImageCreateFromPNG() returns an empty string on failure. It also outputs an error message, which unfortunately displays as a broken link in a browser. To ease debugging the following example will produce an error PNG:
Example 1. Example to handle an error during creation (courtesy vic@zymsys.com)
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ImageDashedLine -- Á¡¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagedashedline
(int im,
int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int col);
ImageDashedLine() draws a dashed line from x1, y1 to x2, y2 (top left is 0, 0) in image im of color col.
See also imageline().
ImageDestroy -- image¸¦ ¾ø¾Ø´Ù.
int imagedestroy
(int im));ImageDestroy() frees any memory associated with image im. im is the image identifier returned by the imagecreate() function.
ImageFill -- »öÀ» ä¿î´Ù.
int imagefill
(int im,
int x, int y, int col)
ImageFill() performs a flood fill starting at coordinate x, y (top left is 0, 0) with color col in the image im.
ImageFilledPolygon -- »öÀÌ Ã¤¿öÁø ´Ù°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagefilledpolygon
(int im, array points, int num_points, int col)
ImageFilledPolygon() creates a filled polygon in image im. Points is a PHP array containing the polygon's vertices, ie. points[0] = x0, points[1] = y0, points[2] = x1, points[3] = y1, etc. Num_points is the total number of vertices.
ImageFilledRectangle -- »öÀÌ Ã¤¿öÁø Á÷»ç°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagefilledrectangle
(int im, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int col)
ImageFilledRectangle() creates a filled rectangle of color col() in image im starting at upper left coordinates x1, y1 and ending at bottom right coordinates x2, y2. 0, 0 is the top left corner of the image.
ImageFillToBorder -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ »öÀ¸·Î ä¿î´Ù.
int imagefilltoborder
(int im, int x, int y, int border, int col)
ImageFillToBorder() performs a flood fill whose border color is defined by border. The starting point for the fill is x, y (top left is 0, 0) and the region is filled with color col.
ImageFontHeight -- ÆùÆ®ÀÇ ³ôÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagefontheight
(int
font)
Returns the pixel height of a character in the specified font.
See also imagefontwidth() and imageloadfont().
ImageFontWidth -- ÆùÆ®ÀÇ ³ÐÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagefontwidth
(int
font)
Returns the pixel width of a character in font.
See also imagefontheight() and imageloadfont().
ImageGif -- ºê¶ó¿ìÀú³ª ÆÄÀÏ·Î GIF ÇüÅÂÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int imagegif
(int im [, string
filename]);imagegif() creates the GIF file in filename from the image im. The im argument is the return from the imagecreate() function.
The image format will be GIF87a unless the image has been made transparent with imagecolortransparent(), in which case the image format will be GIF89a.
The filename argument is optional, and if left off, the raw image stream will be output directly. By sending an image/gif content-type using header(), you can create a PHP script that outputs GIF images directly.
Note: Since all GIF support was removed from the GD library in version 1.6, this function is not available if you are using that version of the GD library.
int imagepng
(int im [,
string filename])
The ImagePng() outputs a GD image stream (im) in PNG format to standard output (usually the browser) or, if a filename is given by the filename it outputs the image to the file.
1 2 $im = ImageCreateFromPng("test.png"); 3 ImagePng($im); 4 |
int imagejpeg
(int im [,
string filename [, int quality]])
ImageJPEG() creates the JPEG file in filename from the image im. The im argument is the return from the ImageCreate() function.
The filename argument is optional, and if left off, the raw image stream will be output directly. To skip the filename argument in order to provide a quality argument just use an empty string (''). By sending an image/jpg content-type using header(), you can create a PHP script that outputs JPEG images directly.
Note: JPEG support is only available in PHP if PHP was compiled against GD-1.8 or later.
ImageInterlace -- ±×¸²ÀÌ ¼¯ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â interlace ¼³Á¤À» ÄѰųª ²ö´Ù.
int imageinterlace
(int im [,
int interlace]);ImageInterlace() turns the interlace bit on or off. If interlace is 1 the im image will be interlaced, and if interlace is 0 the interlace bit is turned off.
This functions returns whether the interlace bit is set for the image.
ImageLine -- ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imageline
(int im,
int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int col)
ImageLine() draws a line from x1, y1 to x2, y2 (top left is 0, 0) in image im of color col.
See also imagecreate() and imagecolorallocate().
ImageLoadFont -- »õ ÆùÆ®¸¦ loadÇÑ´Ù.
int imageloadfont
(string file)
ImageLoadFont() loads a user-defined bitmap font and returns an identifier for the font (that is always greater than 5, so it will not conflict with the built-in fonts).
The font file format is currently binary and architecture dependent. This means you should generate the font files on the same type of CPU as the machine you are running PHP on.
Table 1. Font file format
byte position | C data type | description |
---|---|---|
byte 0-3 | int | number of characters in the font |
byte 4-7 | int | value of first character in the font (often 32 for space) |
byte 8-11 | int | pixel width of each character |
byte 12-15 | int | pixel height of each character |
byte 16- | char | array with character data, one byte per pixel in each character, for a total of (nchars*width*height) bytes. |
See also ImageFontWidth() and ImageFontHeight().
ImagePolygon -- ´Ù°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagepolygon
(int
im, array points, int num_points, int col)
ImagePolygon() creates a polygon in image id. Points is a PHP array containing the polygon's vertices, ie. points[0] = x0, points[1] = y0, points[2] = x1, points[3] = y1, etc. Num_points is the total number of vertices.
See also imagecreate().
ImagePSBBox -- PostScript Type1 ÆùÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ÅؽºÆ®ÀÇ °æ°è°¡ µÇ´Â ¿µ¿ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
array imagepsbbox
(string text, int font, int size [, int space [, int tightness [, float
angle]]])
Size is expressed in pixels.
Space allows you to change the default value of a space in a font. This amount is added to the normal value and can also be negative.
Tightness allows you to control the amount of white space between characters. This amount is added to the normal character width and can also be negative.
Angle is in degrees.
Parameters space and tightness are expressed in character space units, where 1 unit is 1/1000th of an em-square.
Parameters space, tightness, and angle are optional.
The bounding box is calculated using information available from character metrics, and unfortunately tends to differ slightly from the results achieved by actually rasterizing the text. If the angle is 0 degrees, you can expect the text to need 1 pixel more to every direction.
This function returns an array containing the following elements:
0 | lower left x-coordinate |
1 | lower left y-coordinate |
2 | upper right x-coordinate |
3 | upper right y-coordinate |
See also imagepstext().
ImagePSEncodeFont -- ÆùÆ®ÀÇ character encoding vector¸¦ ¹Ù²ãÁØ´Ù.
int imagepsencodefont
(string encodingfile)
Loads a character encoding vector from from a file and changes the fonts encoding vector to it. As a PostScript fonts default vector lacks most of the character positions above 127, you'll definitely want to change this if you use an other language than english. The exact format of this file is described in T1libs documentation. T1lib comes with two ready-to-use files, IsoLatin1.enc and IsoLatin2.enc.
If you find yourself using this function all the time, a much better way to define the encoding is to set ps.default_encoding in the configuration file to point to the right encoding file and all fonts you load will automatically have the right encoding
ImagePSFreeFont -- PostScript Type 1 ÆùÆ®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
void imagepsfreefont
(int fontindex);
See also imagepsloadfont().
ImagePSLoadFont -- PostScript Type 1 ÆùÆ®¸¦ ÆÄÀϷκÎÅÍ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
int imagepsloadfont
(string filename)
In the case everything went right, a valid font index will be returned and can be used for further purposes. Otherwise the function returns false and prints a message describing what went wrong.
See also imagepsfreefont().
bool imagepsextendfont
(int font_index, double extend)
Extend or condense a font (font_index), if the value of the extend parameter is less than one you will be condensing the font.
bool imagepsslantfont
(int font_index, double slant)
Slant a font given by the font_index parameter with a slant of the value of the slant parameter.
ImagePSText -- À̹ÌÁö¿¡ PostScript Type1 ÆùÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ±×¸°´Ù.
array imagepstext
(int image,
string text, int font, int size, int foreground, int background, int x, int y [,
int space [, int tightness [, float angle [, int antialias_steps]]]])Size is expressed in pixels.
Foreground is the color in which the text will be painted. Background is the color to which the text will try to fade in with antialiasing. No pixels with the color background are actually painted, so the background image does not need to be of solid color.
The coordinates given by x, y will define the origin (or reference point) of the first character (roughly the lower-left corner of the character). This is different from the ImageString(), where x, y define the upper-right corner of the first character. Refer to PostScipt documentation about fonts and their measuring system if you have trouble understanding how this works.
Space allows you to change the default value of a space in a font. This amount is added to the normal value and can also be negative.
Tightness allows you to control the amount of white space between characters. This amount is added to the normal character width and can also be negative.
Angle is in degrees.
Antialias_steps allows you to control the number of colours used for antialiasing text. Allowed values are 4 and 16. The higher value is recommended for text sizes lower than 20, where the effect in text quality is quite visible. With bigger sizes, use 4. It's less computationally intensive.
Parameters space and tightness are expressed in character space units, where 1 unit is 1/1000th of an em-square.
Parameters space, tightness, angle and antialias are optional.
This function returns an array containing the following elements:
0 |
lower left x-coordinate |
1 |
lower left y-coordinate |
2 |
upper right x-coordinate |
3 |
upper right y-coordinate |
See also imagepsbbox().
ImageRectangle -- Á÷»ç°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagerectangle
(int
im, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int col)
ImageRectangle() creates a rectangle of color col in image im starting at upper left coordinate x1, y1 and ending at bottom right coordinate x2, y2. 0, 0 is the top left corner of the image.
ImageSetPixel -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ »öÀ¸·Î Á¡À» Âï´Â´Ù.
int imagesetpixel
(int
im, int x, int y, int col)
ImageSetPixel() draws a pixel at x, y (top left is 0, 0) in image im of color col.
See also imagecreate() and imagecolorallocate().
ImageString -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagestring
(int im,
int font, int x, int y, string s, int col)
ImageString() draws the string s in the image identified by im at coordinates x, y (top left is 0, 0) in color col. If font is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a built-in font is used.
See also imageloadfont().
ImageStringUp -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î ±×¸°´Ù.
int imagestringup
(int
im, int font, int x, int y, string s, int col)
ImageStringUp() draws the string s vertically in the image identified by im at coordinates x, y (top left is 0, 0) in color col. If font is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, a built-in font is used.
See also imageloadfont().
ImageSX -- ±×¸²ÀÇ ÆøÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagesx
(int im)
ImageSX() returns the width of the image identified by im.
See also imagecreate() and imagesy().
ImageSY -- ±×¸²ÀÇ ³ôÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imagesy
(int im)
ImageSY() returns the height of the image identified by im.
See also imagecreate() and imagesx().
ImageTTFBBox -- TrueType font¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹®ÀÚ¿ ¾²°í, ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ °æ°è¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
array imagettfbbox
(int size,
int angle, string fontfile, string text)This function calculates and returns the bounding box in pixels a TrueType text.
text The string to be measured.
size The font size.
fontfile The name of the TrueType font file. (Can also be an URL.)
angle Angle in degrees in which text will be measured.
ImageTTFBBox() returns an array with 8 elements representing four points making the bounding box of the text:
0 |
lower left corner, X position |
1 |
lower left corner, Y position |
2 |
lower right corner, X position |
3 |
lower right corner, Y position |
4 |
upper right corner, X position |
5 |
upper right corner, Y position |
6 |
upper left corner, X position |
7 |
upper left corner, Y position |
The points are relative to the text regardless of the angle, so "upper left" means in the top left-hand corner seeing the text horizontallty.
This function requires both the GD library and the Freetype library.
See also ImageTTFText().
ImageTTFText -- TrueType ÆùÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¾´´Ù.
array imagettftext
(int im, int
size, int angle, int x, int y, int col, string fontfile, string text);ImageTTFText() draws the string text in the image identified by im, starting at coordinates x, y (top left is 0, 0), at an angle of angle in color col, using the TrueType font file identified by fontfile.
The coordinates given by x, y will define the basepoint of the first character (roughly the lower-left corner of the character). This is different from the ImageString(), where x, y define the upper-right corner of the first character.
Angle is in degrees, with 0 degrees being left-to-right reading text (3 o'clock direction), and higher values representing a counter-clockwise rotation. (i.e., a value of 90 would result in bottom-to-top reading text).
Fontfile is the path to the TrueType font you wish to use.
Text is the text string which may include UTF-8 character sequences (of the form: {) to access characters in a font beyond the first 255.
Col is the color index. Using the negative of a color index has the effect of turning off antialiasing.
ImageTTFText() returns an array with 8 elements representing four points making the bounding box of the text. The order of the points is upper left, upper right, lower right, lower left. The points are relative to the text regardless of the angle, so "upper left" means in the top left-hand corner when you see the text horizontallty.
This example script will produce a black GIF 400x30 pixels, with the words "Testing..." in white in the font Arial.
Example 1. ImageTTFText
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This function requires both the GD library and the FreeType library.
See also ImageTTFBBox().
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°·Á¸é PHP¸¦ --with-imap ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÇ±â À§Çؼ´Â c-client library°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. °¡Àå ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀº ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/imap/¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±¸ÇÏ¿© ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÈÄ c-client/c-client.a¸¦ /usr/local/lib³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õÀº link pathÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮·Î º¹»çÇÏ°í, c-client/rfc822.h¿Í mail.h, linkage.h¸¦ /usr/local/include³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ include path¿¡ º¹»çÇØ µÐ´Ù.
ºñ·Ï ÇÔ¼öµéÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ imap_*ÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ IMAP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. c-client ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡ ±Ù°£ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº NNTP¿Í POP3 ½ÉÁö¾î local mailbox¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â Á¦°øµÇ´Â ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼¼¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â c-client library ¼Ò½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ¹®¼(docs/internal.txt)¿Í ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RFC¹®¼µéÀ» ÂüÁ¶Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
David Wood °¡ ¾´ Programming Internet Email À̶ó´Â Ã¥¿¡µµ ºñ±³Àû Àß ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
imap_append -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÆíÁöÇÔ¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ µ¡ºÙÀδÙ.
int imap_append
(int
imap_stream, string mbox, string message [, string flags])
Returns true on sucess, false on error.
imap_append() appends a string message to the specified mailbox mbox. If the optional flags is specified, writes the flags to that mailbox also.
When talking to the Cyrus IMAP server, you must use "\r\n" as your end-of-line terminator instead of "\n" or the operation will fail.
Example 1. imap_append() example
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imap_base64 -- BASE64·Î encodeµÈ text¸¦ decodeÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_base64
(string text)
imap_base64() function decodes BASE-64 encoded text (see RFC2045, Section 6.8). The decoded message is returned as a string.
See also imap_binary().
imap_body -- message body¸¦ Àд´Ù.
string imap_body
(int
imap_stream, int msg_number [, int flags])
imap_body() returns the body of the message, numbered msg_number in the current mailbox. The optional flags are a bit mask with one or more of the following:
imap_check -- Çö mailbox¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
object imap_check
(int
imap_stream)
Returns information about the current mailbox. Returns FALSE on failure.
The imap_check() function checks the current mailbox status on the server and returns the information in an object with following properties:
imap_close -- IMAP streamÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int imap_close
(int
imap_stream [, int flags])
Close the imap stream. Takes an optional flag CL_EXPUNGE, which will silently expunge the mailbox before closing, removing all messages marked for deletion.
imap_createmailbox -- »õ ÆíÁöÇÔÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
int imap_createmailbox
(int imap_stream, string mbox)
imap_createmailbox() creates a new mailbox specified by mbox. Names containing international characters should be encoded by imap_utf7_encode().
Returns true on success and false on error.
See also imap_renamemailbox(), imap_deletemailbox() and imap_open() for the format of mbox names.
Example 1. imap_createmailbox() example
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imap_delete -- ÇöÀç ÆíÁöÇÔ¿¡¼ ¾î¶² messge¿¡ »èÁ¦ ¸¶Å©¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_delete
(int
imap_stream, int msg_number [, int flags])
Returns true.
imap_delete() function marks message pointed by msg_number for deletion. The optional flags parameter only has a single option, FT_UID, which tells the function to treat the msg_number argument as a UID. Messages marked for deletion will stay in the mailbox until either imap_expunge() is called or imap_close() is called with the optional parameter CL_EXPUNGE.
imap_deletemailbox -- ÆíÁöÇÔÀ» Áö¿î´Ù.
int imap_deletemailbox
(int imap_stream, string mbox)
imap_deletemailbox() deletes the specified mailbox (see imap_open() for the format of mbox names).
Returns true on success and false on error.
See also imap_createmailbox(), imap_reanmemailbox(), and imap_open() for the format of mbox
imap_expunge -- »èÁ¦ ¸¶Å©°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.
int imap_expunge
(int
imap_stream)
imap_expunge() deletes all the messages marked for deletion by imap_delete(), imap_move_mail(), or imap_setflag_full().
Returns true.
imap_fetchbody -- messageÀÇ bodyÁß particular sectionÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿Â´Ù.
string imap_fetchbody
(int imap_stream, int msg_number, string part_number [, flags flags])
This function causes a fetch of a particular section of the body of the specified messages as a text string and returns that text string. The section specification is a string of integers delimited by period which index into a body part list as per the IMAP4 specification. Body parts are not decoded by this function.
The options for imap_fetchbody() is a bitmask with one or more of the following:
imap_fetchstructure -- particular messageÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
object imap_fetchstructure
(int imap_stream, int msg_number [, int flags])
This function fetches all the structured information for a given message. The optional flags parameter only has a single option, FT_UID, which tells the function to treat the msg_number argument as a UID. The returned object includes the envelope, internal date, size, flags and body structure along with a similar object for each mime attachement. The structure of the returned objects is as follows:
Table 1. Returned Objects for imap_fetchstructure()
type | Primary body type |
encoding | Body transfer encoding |
ifsubtype | True if there is a subtype string |
subtype | MIME subtype |
ifdescription | True if there is a description string |
description | Content description string |
ifid | True if there is an identification string |
id | Identification string |
lines | Number of lines |
bytes | Number of bytes |
ifdisposition | True if there is a disposition string |
disposition | Disposition string |
ifdparameters | True if the dparameters array exists |
dparameters | Disposition parameter array |
ifparameters | True if the parameters array exists |
parameters | MIME parameters array |
parts | Array of objects describing each message part |
- dparameters is an array of objects where each object has an "attribute" and a "value" property.
- Parameter is an array of objects where each object has an "attributte" and a "value" property.
- Parts is an array of objects identical in structure to the top-level object, with the limitation that it cannot contain further 'parts' objects.
Table 2. Primary body type
0 | text |
1 | multipart |
2 | message |
3 | application |
4 | audio |
5 | image |
6 | video |
7 | other |
Table 3. Transfer encodings
0 | 7BIT |
1 | 8BIT |
2 | BINARY |
3 | BASE64 |
4 | QUOTED-PRINTABLE |
5 | OTHER |
imap_header -- messageÀÇ header¸¦ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
object imap_header
(int
imap_stream, int msg_number [, int fromlength [, int subjectlength [, string
defaulthost]]])
This function returns an object of various header elements.
remail, date, Date, subject, Subject, in_reply_to, message_id,
newsgroups, followup_to, references
message flags:
Recent - 'R' if recent and seen,
'N' if recent and not seen,
' ' if not recent
Unseen - 'U' if not seen AND not recent,
' ' if seen OR not seen and recent
Answered -'A' if answered,
' ' if unanswered
Deleted - 'D' if deleted,
' ' if not deleted
Draft - 'X' if draft,
' ' if not draft
Flagged - 'F' if flagged,
' ' if not flagged
NOTE that the Recent/Unseen behavior is a little odd. If you want to
know if a message is Unseen, you must check for
Unseen == 'U' || Recent == 'N'
toaddress (full to: line, up to 1024 characters)
to[] (returns an array of objects from the To line, containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
fromaddress (full from: line, up to 1024 characters)
from[] (returns an array of objects from the From line, containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
ccaddress (full cc: line, up to 1024 characters)
cc[] (returns an array of objects from the Cc line, containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
bccaddress (full bcc line, up to 1024 characters)
bcc[] (returns an array of objects from the Bcc line, containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
reply_toaddress (full reply_to: line, up to 1024 characters)
reply_to[] (returns an array of objects from the Reply_to line,
containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
senderaddress (full sender: line, up to 1024 characters)
sender[] (returns an array of objects from the sender line, containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
return_path (full return-path: line, up to 1024 characters)
return_path[] (returns an array of objects from the return_path line,
containing):
personal
adl
mailbox
host
udate (mail message date in unix time)
fetchfrom (from line formatted to fit fromlength
characters)
fetchsubject (subject line formatted to fit subjectlength characters)
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
imap_rfc822_parse_headers -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀÚ¿³»ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù.object imap_rfc822_parse_headers
(string headers [, string
defaulthost])
This function returns an object of various header elements, similar to imap_header(), except without the flags and other elements that come from the IMAP server
imap_headers -- ÇÑ ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ ¸ðµç messageµéÀÇ header¸¦ Àоî¿Â´Ù.
array imap_headers
(int
imap_stream)
Returns an array of string formatted with header info. One element per mail message.
imap_listmailbox -- ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿Â´Ù.
array imap_listmailbox
(int imap_stream, string ref, string pattern)
Returns an array containing the names of the mailboxes. See imap_getmailboxes() for a description of ref and pattern.
Example 1. imap_listmailbox() example
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.12, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
imap_getmailboxes -- ÆíÁöÇÔµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» Àаí, °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_getmailboxes
(int imap_stream, string ref, string pattern)Returns an array of objects containing mailbox information. Each object has the attributes name, specifying the full name of the mailbox; delimiter, which is the hierarchy delimiter for the part of the hierarchy this mailbox is in; and attributes. Attributes is a bitmask that can be tested against:
Mailbox names containing international Characters outside the printable ASCII range will be encoded and may be decoded by imap_utf7_decode().
ref should normally be just the server specification as described in imap_open(), and pattern specifies where in the mailbox hierarchy to start searching. If you want all mailboxes, pass '*' for pattern.
There are two special characters you can pass as part of the pattern: '*' and '%'. '*' means to return all mailboxes. If you pass pattern as '*', you will get a list of the entire mailbox hierarchy. '%' means to return the current level only. '%' as the pattern parameter will return only the top level mailboxes; '~/mail/%' on UW_IMAPD will return every mailbox in the ~/mail directory, but none in subfolders of that directory.
Example 1. imap_getmailboxes() example
|
imap_listsubscribed -- ¸ðµç subscribed ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿Â´Ù.
array imap_listsubscribed
(int imap_stream, string ref,
string pattern)
Returns an array of all the mailboxes that you have subscribed. This is almost identical to imap_listmailbox(), but will only return mailboxes the user you logged in as has subscribed.
imap_getsubscribed -- ¸ðµç subscribed ÆíÁöÇÔµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_getsubscribed
(int imap_stream, string ref, string pattern)
This function is identical to imap_getmailboxes(), except that it only returns mailboxes that the user is subscribed to.
imap_mail_copy -- ƯÁ¤ messageµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_mail_copy
(int
imap_stream, string msglist, string mbox [, int flags])
Returns true on success and false on error.
Copies mail messages specified by msglist to specified mailbox. msglist is a range not just message numbers (as described in RFC2060).
Flags is a bitmask of one or more of
imap_mail_move -- ƯÁ¤ messageµéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int imap_mail_move
(int
imap_stream, string msglist, string mbox [, int flags])
Moves mail messages specified by msglist to specified mailbox. msglist is a range not just message numbers (as described in RFC2060).
Flags is a bitmask and may contain the single option
Returns true on success and false on error.
imap_num_msg -- ÇöÀç ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ ¸Þ¼¼Áö °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_num_msg
(int
imap_stream)
Return the number of messages in the current mailbox.
imap_num_recent -- ÇöÀç ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù ¸Þ¼¼Áö °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_num_recent
(int
imap_stream)
Returns the number of recent messages in the current mailbox.
imap_open -- ÇÑ ÆíÁöÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ IMAP streamÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int imap_open
(string
mailbox, string username, string password [, int flags])
Returns an IMAP stream on success and false on error. This function can also be used to open streams to POP3 and NNTP servers, but some functions and features are not available on IMAP servers.
A mailbox name consists of a server part and a mailbox path on this server. The special name INBOX stands for the current users personal mailbox. The server part, which is enclosed in '{' and '}', consists of the servers name or ip address, a protocol secification (beginning with '/') and an optional port specifier beginnung with ':'. The server part is mandatory in all mailbox parameters. Mailbos names that contain international characters besides those in the printable ASCII space have to be encoded with imap_utf7_encode().
The options are a bit mask with one or more of the following:
To connect to an IMAP server running on port 143 on the local machine, do the following:
1 2 $mbox = imap_open ("{localhost:143}INBOX", "user_id", "password"); 3 |
To connect to a POP3 server on port 110 on the local server, use:
1 2 $mbox = imap_open ("{localhost/pop3:110}INBOX", "user_id", "password"); 3 |
To connect to an NNTP server on port 119 on the local server, use:
1 2 $nntp = imap_open ("{localhost/nntp:119}comp.test", "", ""); 3 |
To connect to a remote server replace "localhost" with the name or the IP address of the server you want to connect to.
Example 1. imap_open() example
|
imap_ping -- IMAP streamÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ activeÀÎÁö °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_ping
(int imap_stream)Returns true if the stream is still alive, false otherwise.
imap_ping() function pings the stream to see it is still active. It may discover new mail; this is the preferred method for a periodic "new mail check" as well as a "keep alive" for servers which have inactivity timeout. (As PHP scripts do not tend to run that long, i can hardly imagine that this function will be usefull to anyone.)
imap_renamemailbox -- ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ À̸§À» ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int imap_renamemailbox
(int imap_stream, string old_mbox, string new_mbox)
This function renames on old mailbox to new mailbox (see imap_open() for the format of mbox names).
Returns true on success and false on error.
See also imap_createmailbox(), imap_deletemailbox(), and imap_open() for the format of mbox.
imap_reopen -- ±âÁ¸¿¡ ¿·ÁÀÖ´Â IMAP streamÀ» »õ ÆíÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î ¿¬´Ù.
int imap_reopen
(string
imap_stream, string mailbox [, string flags])
This function reopens the specified stream to a new mailbox on an IMAP or NNTP server.
The options are a bit mask with one or more of the following:
Returns true on success and false on error.
imap_subscribe -- »õ ÆíÁöÇÔÀ» subscribeÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_subscribe
(int
imap_stream, string mbox)
Subscribe to a new mailbox.
Returns true on success and false on error.
imap_undelete -- »èÁ¦ Ç¥½ÃµÈ messageÀÇ »èÁ¦ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù .
int imap_undelete
(int
imap_stream, int msg_number)
This function removes the deletion flag for a specified message, which is set by imap_delete() or imap_mail_move().
Returns true on success and false on error.
imap_unsubscribe -- ÆíÁöÇÔÀ» unsubscribeÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_unsubscribe
(int imap_stream, string mbox)
Unsubscribe from a specified mailbox.
Returns true on success and false on error.
imap_qprint -- quoted-printable ¹®ÀÚ¿À» 8 bit ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string imap_qprint
(string string)
Convert a quoted-printable string to an 8 bit string (according to RFC2045, section 6.7).
Returns an 8 bit (binary) string.
See also imap_8bit().
imap_8bit -- 8 bit ¹®ÀÚ¿À» quoted-printable ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string imap_8bit
(string
string)
Convert an 8bit string to a quoted-printable string (according to RFC2045, section 6.7).
Returns a quoted-printable string.
See also imap_qprint().
imap_binary -- 8bit ¹®ÀÚ¿À» base64 ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string imap_binary
(string string)
Convert an 8bit string to a base64 string (according to RFC2045, Section 6.8).
Returns a base64 string.
See also imap_base64().
imap_scanmailbox -- mailboxµéÀÇ list¸¦ Àаí, °Ë»öÇÒ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» mailboxÀÇ text¿¡¼ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_scanmailbox
(int imap_stream, string content)
Returns an array containing the names of the mailboxes that have string in the text of the mailbox. This function is simmilar to imap_listmailbox(), but it will additionally check for the presence of the string content inside the mailbox data.
imap_mailboxmsginfo -- ÇöÀç mailbox¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
object imap_mailboxmsginfo
(int imap_stream)
Returns information about the current mailbox. Returns FALSE on failure.
The imap_mailboxmsginfo() function checks the current mailbox status on the server. It is similar to imap_status(), but will additionally sum up the size of all messages in the mailbox, which will take some additional time to execute. It returns the information in an object with following properties.
Table 1. Mailbox properties
Date | date of last change |
Driver | driver |
Mailbox | name of the mailbox |
Nmsgs | number of messages |
Recent | number of recent messages |
Unread | number of unread messages |
Size |
mailbox size |
Example 1. imap_mailboxmsginfo() example
|
imap_rfc822_write_address -- ÁÖ¾îÁø mailbox¿Í host, personal info·Î ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀÇ email address¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù.
string imap_rfc822_write_address
(string mailbox, string
host, string personal)
Returns a properly formatted email address as defined in RFC822 given the mailbox, host, and personal info.
Example 1. imap_rfc822_write_address() example
|
imap_rfc822_parse_adrlist -- address ¹®ÀÚ¿À» parsingÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_rfc822_parse_adrlist
(string address, string default_host)
This function parses the address string as defined in RFC822 and for each address, returns an array of objects. The objects properties are:
Example 1. imap_rfc822_parse_adrlist() example
|
imap_setflag_full -- messageµéÀÇ ¿©·¯ flag¸¦ ¼³Á¤(set)ÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_setflag_full
(int stream, string sequence, string flag, string options)
This function causes a store to add the specified flag to the flags set for the messages in the specified sequence.
The flags which you can set are "\\Seen", "\\Answered", "\\Flagged", "\\Deleted", "\\Draft", and "\\Recent" (as defined by RFC2060).
The options are a bit mask with one or more of the following:
Example 1. imap_setflag_full() example
|
imap_clearflag_full -- messageµéÀÇ ¿©·¯ flag¸¦ clear ÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_clearflag_full
(int stream, string sequence, string flag, string options)
This function causes a store to delete the specified flag to the flags set for the messages in the specified sequence. The flags which you can unset are "\\Seen", "\\Answered", "\\Flagged", "\\Deleted", "\\Draft", and "\\Recent" (as defined by RFC2060).
The options are a bit mask with one or more of the following:
imap_sort -- ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀ» ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹æ½Ä´ë·Î Á¤·ÄÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¹øÈ£ÀÇ ¹è¿À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_sort
(int
stream, int criteria, int reverse, int options)
Returns an array of message numbers sorted by the given parameters.
Reverse is 1 for reverse-sorting.
Criteria can be one (and only one) of the following:
SORTDATE message Date
SORTARRIVAL arrival date
SORTFROM mailbox in first From address
SORTSUBJECT message Subject
SORTTO mailbox in first To address
SORTCC mailbox in first cc address
SORTSIZE size of message in octets
The flags are a bitmask of one or more of the following:
SE_UID Return UIDs instead of sequence numbers
SE_NOPREFETCH Don't prefetch searched messages.
imap_fetchheader -- messageÀÇ Çì´õ¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_fetchheader
(int imap_stream, int msgno, int flags)
This function causes a fetch of the complete, unfiltered RFC822 format header of the specified message as a text string and returns that text string.
The options are:
imap_uid -- ¼±ÅÃÇÑ messageÀÇ ÀÏ·Ã ¹øÈ£(sequence number)ÀÎ UID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_uid
(int
imap_stream, int msgno)
This function returns the UID for the given message sequence number. An UID is an unique identifier that will not change over time while a message sequence number may change whenever the content of the mailbox changes. This function is the inverse of imap_msgno().
imap_msgno -- ÁÖ¾îÁø UID¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö ¼ø¼ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int imap_msgno
(int
imap_stream, int uid)
This function returns the message sequence number for the given UID. It is the inverse of imap_uid().
imap_search -- ÁÖ¾îÁø °Ë»ö ±âÁØ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀÇ ¹è¿À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_search
(int
imap_stream, string criteria, int flags)
This function performs a search on the mailbox currently opened in the given imap stream. criteria is a string, delimited by spaces, in which the following keywords are allowed. Any multi-word arguments (eg. FROM "joey smith") must be quoted.
For example, to match all unanswered messages sent by Mom, you'd use: "UNANSWERED FROM mom". Searches appear to be case insensitive. This list of criteria is from a reading of the UW c-client source code and may be uncomplete or inaccurate (see also RFC2060, section 6.4.4).
Valid values for flags are SE_UID, which causes the returned array to contain UIDs instead of messages sequence numbers.
imap_last_error -- ¿ä±¸µÈ ÇöÀç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ IMAP ¿¡·¯Áß °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string imap_last_error
(void)
This function returns the full text of the last IMAP error message that occurred on the current page. The error stack is untouched; calling imap_last_error() subsequently, with no intervening errors, will return the same error.
imap_errors -- ¿ä±¸µÈ ÇöÀç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ, ȤÀº ¿¡·¯ ½ºÅÃÀÌ resetµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¸ðµç IMAP ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_errors
(void)
This function returns an array of all of the IMAP error messages generated since the last imap_errors() call, or the beginning of the page. When imap_errors() is called, the error stack is subsequently cleared.
imap_alerts -- ¿ä±¸µÈ ÇöÀç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ, ȤÀº ¿¡·¯ ½ºÅÃÀÌ resetµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¸ðµç IMAP ÁÖÀÇ(alert) ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array imap_alerts
(void)
This function returns an array of all of the IMAP alert messages generated since the last imap_alerts() call, or the beginning of the page. When imap_alerts() is called, the alert stack is subsequently cleared. The IMAP specification requires that these messages be passed to the user.
imap_status -- ÇöÀçÀÇ ÆíÁöÇÔÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÁöÇÔÀÇ »óÅ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
object imap_status
(int
imap_stream, string mailbox, int options)This function returns an object containing status information. Valid flags are:
status->flags is also set, which contains a bitmask which can be checked against any of the above constants.
Example 1. imap_status() example
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.15, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
imap_utf7_decode -- modified UTF-7 À¸·Î ¿£ÄÚµùµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» µðÄÚµåÇÑ´Ù.string imap_utf7_decode
(string text)
Decodes modified UTF-7 text into 8bit data.
Returns the decoded 8bit data, or false if the input string was not valid modified UTF-7. This function is needed to decode mailbox names that contain international characters outside of the printable ASCII range. The modified UTF-7 encoding is defined in RFC 2060, section 5.1.3 (original UTF-7 was defned in RFC1642).
(PHP3 >= 3.0.15, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
imap_utf7_encode -- 8bit µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ modified UTF-7 ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.string imap_utf7_encode
(string data)
Converts 8bit data to modified UTF-7 text. This is needed to encode mailbox names that contain international characters outside of the printable ASCII range. The modified UTF-7 encoding is defined in RFC 2060, section 5.1.3 (original UTF-7 was defned in RFC1642).
Returns the modified UTF-7 text.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
imap_utf8 -- ÅؽºÆ®¸¦ UTF8 ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.(PHP3 >= 3.0.4, PHP4 )
imap_fetch_overview -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çì´õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î Àоî¿Â´Ù.array imap_fetch_overview
(int imap_stream, string sequence
[, int flags])
This function fetches mail headers for the given sequence and returns an overview of their contents. sequence will contain a sequence of message indices or UIDs, if flags contains FT_UID. The returned value is an array of objects describing one message header each:
Example 1. imap_fetch_overview() example
|
(PHP3 CVS only, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
imap_mime_header_decode -- MIME Çì´õ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ µðÄÚµåÇÑ´Ù.array imap_header_decode
(string text)
imap_mime_header_decode() function decodes MIME message header extensions that are non ASCII text (see RFC2047) The decoded elements are returned in an array of objects, where each object has two properties, "charset" & "text". If the element hasn't been encoded, and in other words is in plain US-ASCII,the "charset" property of that element is set to "default".
Example 1. imap_mime_header_decode() example
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.5, PHP4 )
imap_mail_compose -- ÁÖ¾îÁø envelope ¿Í body ºÎºÐÀ» °¡Áö°í MIME ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù.string imap_mail_compose
(array envelope, array body)(PHP3 >= 3.0.14, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
imap_mail -- email ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.string imap_mail
(string
to, string subject, string message [, string additional_headers [, string cc [,
string bcc [, string rpath]]]])
This function is currently only available in PHP3.
Informix (IDS) 7.x, SE 7.x, Universal Server (IUS) 9.x and IDS 2000 ¸¦ À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â informix extension µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ "ifx.ec"¿Í "php3_ifx.h"¿¡ ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. IDS 7.x ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº, BYTE and TEXT Ä®·³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Áö¿øÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, ÃæºÐÇÑ Á¤µµ·Î(fairly) ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. IUS 9.x¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾ú´Ù. »õ·Î¿î µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔµéÀº ¿Ï·áµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, SLOB¿Í CLOB¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ÁøÇàÁßÀÌ´Ù.
¼³Á¤½Ã ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ× (Configuration notes) :
PHP Informix µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ·Á¸é ESQL/C ¹öÀüÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. 7.2x ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ESQL/C ¹öÀüÀÌ¸é ¹®Á¦ ¾ø´Ù. ESQL/C´Â ÀÌÁ¦ Informix Client SDKÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
"configure" ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ¹Ýµå½Ã "INFORMIXDIR" ȯ°æ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ ³õ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í, $INFORMIXDIR/bin µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ PATH ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ ³õ°í "configure --with_informix=yes"·Î ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϸé, configure ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿Í include°¡ ÀÖ´Â µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ã´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ ³»¿ëÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é "IFX_LIBDIR", "IFX_LIBS", "IFX_INCDIR"ÀÇ È¯°æº¯¼ö¿¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, configure ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ InformixÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» üũÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Informix ¹öÀüÀÌ 9.00ÀÌ»óÀ̶ó¸é ÀÌ °ªÀÌ "HAVE_IFX_IUS" ¶ó´Â conditional compilation variable¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
½ÇÇà½Ã ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ× :
PHP ifx µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é INFORMIXDIR°ú INFORMIXSERVERµï µÎ °³ÀÇ Informix ȯ°æ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, $INFORMIXDIR/bin µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ PATH ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.ÀÌ °ÍÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àִ°¡´Â informix¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» Çϱâ ÀüÀÌ¶óµµ phpinfo() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¿Í ³»¿ëÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº CGI ¹öÀü°ú ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ¹öÀü ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ApacheÀÇ startup script¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇØ µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í, Informix °øÀ¯ ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¿ª½Ã ·Î´õ(loader)°¡ Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÑ °÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.(LD_LINBRARY_PATH ³ª ld.so.conf/ldconfig¸¦ Á¢°ËÇÏÀÚ.)
BLOB »ç¿ë½Ã ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ× (Some notes on the use of BLOBs(TEXT and BYTE columns)) :
ÇöÀç ¹öÀü(September 18, 1998)Àº select/insert/update¿¡¼ BLOB Ä÷³À» ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
BLOB´Â º¸Åë Á¤¼ö°ªÀÎ BLOB identifier¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¼ÒÈ(addressed)µÈ´Ù. Select ÁúÀÇ´Â ¸ðµç BYTE¿Í TEXT Ä÷³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ "blob id"¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ "ifx_blobinfile(0);"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© BLOB¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼ °¡Á®¿À±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇØ µÎ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº "string_var = ifx_get_blob($blob_id);" °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ¾ò¾î¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, "ifx_blobinfile(1);"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â BLOB Ä÷³ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÚÁ®¿À±â·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, "ifx_get_blob($blob_id);"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏ À̸§À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̶§ ¾òÀº ÆÄÀÏ À̸§Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÆÄÀÏ I/O ¹æ½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× ³»¿ëÀ» Àоî¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
insert/update ÁúÀÇÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀº "ifx_create_blob(..);"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© "blob id(µé)"¸¦ ¼Õ¼ö ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸µç blob idµéÀº ¹è¿¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, blob Ä÷³Àº ÁúÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ¹°À½Ç¥(?)·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù. updates/inserts¸¦ À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ifx_update_blob(...)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© blobÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
BLOB Ä÷³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀÛÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼³Á¤ º¯¼ö(configuration variables)¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ º¯¼ö(configuration variables)Àº ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡µµ º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. :
¼³Á¤º¯¼ö(configuration variable) :
ifx.textasvarchar
ifx.byteasvarchar
½ÇÇà ÇÔ¼ö(runtime functions) :
ifx_textasvarchar(0) : select ÁúÀǽà TEXT Ä÷³Ã³·³ blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ifx_byteasvarchar(0) : select ÁúÀǽà BYTE Ä÷³Ã³·³ blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
ifx_textasvarchar(1) : select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, VARCHAR Ä÷³ÀÎ °Í ó·³ TEXT Ä÷³À¸·Î ¹ÝȯÇÏ°í
ifx_byteasvarchar(1) : select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, VARCHAR Ä®·³ÀÎ °Í ó·³ BYTE Ä®·³À¸·Î ¹ÝȯÇÏ°í
¼³Á¤º¯¼ö(configuration variable) :
ifx.blobinfile
½ÇÇà ÇÔ¼ö(runtime functions) :
ifx_blobinfile_mode(0) : ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â BYTE Ä÷³À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ifx_blobinfile_mode(1) : ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â BYTE Ä÷³À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº blob id¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±× ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ifx_text/byteasvarchar¸¦ 1·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ TEXT¿Í BYTE Ä÷³À» ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ (±×·¯³ª º¸´Ù ±ä) VARCHAR Çʵåó·³ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ °è»ê("counted") µÇ¾îÁö´Â ÇÑ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº "binary safe"ÇÑ »óÅ·ΠÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. µ¹·Á¹ÞÀ» µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±× ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ã¥ÀÓÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¾î¶² ³»¿ëµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ifx_blobinfileÀ» 1·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé, blobÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» °¡Á®¿À±â À§ÇØ ifx_get_blob(..)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ýȯ ¹ÞÀº ÆÄÀϸíÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î¶² row¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°Ô(fetch) µÇ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº INFORMIX°¡ ¸¸µç Àӽà ÆÄÀϵéÀ» Áö¿öÁ٠åÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Informix´Â »õ row fetch¶§ ¸¶´Ù ¸ðµç BYTE Ä÷³¿¡ Çϳª¾¿ »õ Àӽà ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
Àӽà ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µð·ºÅ丮´Â ȯ°æº¯¼öÀÎ "blobdir"¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ µÈ °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮ÀÎ "." ÀÌ´Ù. putenv(blobdir=tmpblob"); °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ³²°ÜÁø ("blb"·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â À̸§À» °¡Áø) Àӽà ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ½±°Ô û¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÚµ¿ °ø¹é Á¦°Å (Automatically trimming "char" <SQLCHAR and SQLNCHAR> data) :
ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¼³Á¤ º¯¼ö(configuration variable)·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ifx.charasvarchar : 1·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸é µÚ¿¡ ºÙÀº °ø¹é¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
³Î(NULL) °ª :
ȯ°æº¯¼ö ifx.nullformatÀÇ °ª(ifx_nullformat() ÇÔ¼ö·Î ¼³Á¤)ÀÌ TRUE·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é NULL Ä®·³ÀÌ ¹ÝȯµÉ ¶§ "NULL"À̶ó´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ ¹ÝȯµÇ°í, FALSE·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é °ø¹é ¹®ÀÚ¿("")ÀÌ ¹ÝȯµÈ´Ù.
ifx_connect -- Informix ¼¹ö connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int ifx_connect
(string [database] , string [userid] , string [password] );
Returns an connection identifier on success, or FALSE on error.
ifx_connect() establishes a connection to an Informix server. All of the arguments are optional, and if they're missing, defaults are taken from values supplied in php3.ini (ifx.default_host for the host (Informix libraries will use $INFORMIXSERVER environment value if not defined), ifx.default_user for user, ifx.default_password for the password (none if not defined).
In case a second call is made to ifx_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned.
The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling ifx_close().
See also ifx_pconnect(), and ifx_close().
Example 1. Connect to a Informix database
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ifx_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ(persistent) Informix ¼¹ö connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int ifx_pconnect
(string [database] , string [userid] , string [password] );
Returns: A positive Informix persistent link identifier on success, or false on error
ifx_pconnect() acts very much like ifx_connect() with two major differences.
This function behaves exactly like ifx_connect() when PHP is not running as an Apache module. First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.
Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (ifx_close() will not close links established by ifx_pconnect()).
This type of links is therefore called 'persistent'.
See also: ifx_connect().
ifx_close -- Informix connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int ifx_close
(int [link_identifier] );
Returns: always true.
ifx_close() closes the link to an Informix database that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
Note that this isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution.
ifx_close() will not close persistent links generated by ifx_pconnect().
See also: ifx_connect(), and ifx_pconnect().
Example 1. Closing a Informix connection
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ifx_query -- Informix ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_query
(string query, int [link_identifier] , int [cursor_type] , mixed [blobidarray] );
Returns: A positive Informix result identifier on success, or false on error.
An integer "result_id" used by other functions to retrieve the query results. Sets "affected_rows" for retrieval by the ifx_affected_rows() function.
ifx_query() sends a query to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function tries to establish a link as if ifx_connect() was called, and use it.
Executes query on connection conn_id. For "select-type" queries a cursor is declared and opened. The optional cursor_type parameter allows you to make this a "scroll" and/or "hold" cursor. It's a mask and can be either IFX_SCROLL, IFX_HOLD, or both or'ed together. Non-select queries are "execute immediate".
For either query type the number of (estimated or real) affected rows is saved for retrieval by ifx_affected_rows().
If you have BLOB (BYTE or TEXT) columns in an update query, you can add a blobidarray parameter containing the corresponding "blob ids", and you should replace those columns with a "?" in the query text.
If the contents of the TEXT (or BYTE) column allow it, you can also use "ifx_textasvarchar(1)" and "ifx_byteasvarchar(1)". This allows you to treat TEXT (or BYTE) columns just as if they were ordinary (but long) VARCHAR columns for select queries, and you don't need to bother with blob id's.
With ifx_textasvarchar(0) or ifx_byteasvarchar(0) (the default situation), select queries will return BLOB columns as blob id's (integer value). You can get the value of the blob as a string or file with the blob functions (see below).
See also: ifx_connect().
Example 1. Show all rows of the "orders" table as a html table
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Example 2. Insert some values into the "catalog" table
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ifx_prepare -- ½ÇÇàÀ» À§ÇÑ SQL¹®À» ÁغñÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_prepare
(string query,
int conn_id [, int cursor_def, mixed blobidarray])Returns a integer result_id for use by ifx_do(). Sets affected_rows for retrieval by the ifx_affected_rows() function.
Prepares query on connection conn_id. For "select-type" queries a cursor is declared and opened. The optional cursor_type parameter allows you to make this a "scroll" and/or "hold" cursor. It's a mask and can be either IFX_SCROLL, IFX_HOLD, or both or'ed together.
For either query type the estimated number of affected rows is saved for retrieval by ifx_affected_rows().
If you have BLOB (BYTE or TEXT) columns in the query, you can add a blobidarray parameter containing the corresponding "blob ids", and you should replace those columns with a "?" in the query text.
If the contents of the TEXT (or BYTE) column allow it, you can also use "ifx_textasvarchar(1)" and "ifx_byteasvarchar(1)". This allows you to treat TEXT (or BYTE) columns just as if they were ordinary (but long) VARCHAR columns for select queries, and you don't need to bother with blob id's.
With ifx_textasvarchar(0) or ifx_byteasvarchar(0) (the default situation), select queries will return BLOB columns as blob id's (integer value). You can get the value of the blob as a string or file with the blob functions (see below).
See also: ifx_do().
ifx_do -- ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÁغñµÈ SQL¹®À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_do
(int result_id);
Returns TRUE on success, FALSE on error.
Executes a previously prepared query or opens a cursor for it.
Does NOT free result_id on error.
Also sets the real number of ifx_affected_rows() for non-select statements for retrieval by ifx_affected_rows()
See also: ifx_prepare(). There is a example.
ifx_error -- ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ¼öÇàÇÑ Informix ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¿¡·¯ Äڵ带 µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
string ifx_error
(void);
The Informix error codes (SQLSTATE & SQLCODE) formatted as follows :
x [SQLSTATE = aa bbb SQLCODE=cccc]
where x =
space : no error
E : error
N : no more data
W : warning
? : undefined
If the "x" character is anything other than space, SQLSTATE and SQLCODE describe the error in more detail.
See the Informix manual for the description of SQLSTATE and SQLCODE
Returns in a string one character describing the general results of a statement and both SQLSTATE and SQLCODE associated with the most recent SQL statement executed. The format of the string is "(char) [SQLSTATE=(two digits) (three digits) SQLCODE=(one digit)]". The first character can be ' ' (space) (success), 'W' (the statement caused some warning), 'E' (an error happened when executing the statement) or 'N' (the statement didn't return any data).
See also: ifx_errormsg()
ifx_errormsg -- ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ¼öÇàÇÑ Informix ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
string ifx_errormsg
(int [errorcode]);
Returns the Informix error message associated with the most recent Informix error, or, when the optional "errorcode" param is present, the error message corresponding to "errorcode".
See also: ifx_error()
1 2 printf("%s\n<br>", ifx_errormsg(-201)); 3 |
ifx_affected_rows -- ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_affected_rows
(int
result_id)result_id is a valid result id returned by ifx_query() or ifx_prepare().
Returns the number of rows affected by a query associated with result_id.
For inserts, updates and deletes the number is the real number (sqlerrd[2]) of affected rows. For selects it is an estimate (sqlerrd[0]). Don't rely on it.
Useful after ifx_prepare() to limit queries to reasonable result sets.
See also: ifx_num_rows()
Example 1. Informix affected rows
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ifx_getsqlca -- ÁúÀÇ ÈÄ sqlca.sqlerrd[0..5]ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array ifx_getsqlca
(int result_id);
result_id is a valid result id returned by ifx_query() or ifx_prepare().
Returns a pseudo-row (assiociative arry) with sqlca.sqlerrd[0] to sqlca.sqlerrd[5] after the query associated with result_id.
For inserts, updates and deletes the values returned are those as set by the server after executing the query. This gives access to the number of affected rows and the serial insert value. For selects the values are those saved after the prepare statement. This gives access to the estimated number of affected rows. The use of this function saves the overhead of executing a "select dbinfo('sqlca.sqlerrdx')" query, as it retrieves the values that were saved by the ifx driver at the appropriate moment.
Example 1. Retrieve Informix sqlca.sqlerrd[x] values
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ifx_fetch_row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array ifx_fetch_row
(int
result_id [, mixed position])Returns an associative array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
Blob columns are returned as integer blob id values for use in ifx_get_blob() unless you have used ifx_textasvarchar(1) or ifx_byteasvarchar(1), in which case blobs are returned as string values. Returns FALSE on error
result_id is a valid resultid returned by ifx_query() or ifx_prepare() (select type queries only!).
[position] is an optional parameter for a "fetch" operation on "scroll" cursors: "NEXT", "PREVIOUS", "CURRENT", "FIRST", "LAST" or a number. If you specify a number, an "absolute" row fetch is executed. This parameter is optional, and only valid for scrollcursors.
ifx_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to ifx_fetch_row() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
Example 1. Informix fetch rows
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ifx_htmltbl_result -- ÁúÀÇÀÇ ¸ðµç °á°ú row¸¦ HTML table ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_htmltbl_result
(int result_id [, string html_table_options])
Returns the number of rows fetched or FALSE on error.
Formats all rows of the result_id query into a html table. The optional second argument is a string of <table> tag options
Example 1. Informix results as HTML table
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ifx_fieldtypes -- Informix SQL ÇʵåµéÀ» listÇÑ´Ù.
array ifx_fieldtypes
(int result_id)
Returns an associative array with fieldnames as key and the SQL fieldtypes as data for query with result_id. Returns FALSE on error.
Example 1. Fielnames and SQL fieldtypes
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ifx_fieldproperties -- SQL Çʵå Ư¼ºÀ» list ÇÑ´Ù.
array ifx_fieldproperties
(int result_id)
Returns an associative array with fieldnames as key and the SQL fieldproperties as data for a query with result_id. Returns FALSE on error.
Returns the Informix SQL fieldproperies of every field in the query as an associative array. Properties are encoded as: "SQLTYPE;length;precision;scale;ISNULLABLE" where SQLTYPE = the Informix type like "SQLVCHAR" etc. and ISNULLABLE = "Y" or "N".
Example 1. Informix SQL fieldproperties
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ifx_num_fields -- ÁúÀÇÀÇ Ä÷³ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_num_fields (
int result_id);
Returns the number of columns in query for result_id or FALSE on error
After preparing or executing a query, this call gives you the number of columns in the query.
ifx_num_rows -- ÁúÀÇ °á°úÀÇ row °³¼ö
int ifx_num_rows
(int result_id);
Gives the number of rows fetched so far for a query with result_id after a ifx_query() or ifx_do() query.
ifx_free_result -- ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ÀÚ¿øÀ» Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int ifx_free_result
(int result_id);
Releases resources for the query associated with result_id. Returns FALSE on error.
ifx_create_char -- char object¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int ifx_create_char
(string param);
Creates an char object. param should be the char content.
ifx_free_char -- char object¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_free_char
(int bid);
Deletes the charobject for the given char object-id bid. Returns FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifx_update_char -- char objectÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_update_char
(int bid, string content);
Updates the content of the char object for the given char object bid. content is a string with new data. Returns FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifx_get_char -- char objectÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_get_char
(int bid);
Returns the content of the char object for the given char object-id bid.
ifx_create_blob -- blob object¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int ifx_create_blob
(int type, int mode, string param);
Creates an blob object.
type: 1 = TEXT, 0 = BYTE
mode: 0 = blob-object holds the content in memory, 1 = blob-object holds the content in file.
param: if mode = 0: pointer to the content, if mode = 1: pointer to the filestring.
Return FALSE on error, otherwise the new blob object-id.
ifx_copy_blob -- ÁÖ¾îÁø blob objectÀÇ »çº»À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
int ifx_copy_blob
(int bid);
Duplicates the given blob object. bid is the ID of the blob object.
Returns FALSE on error otherwise the new blob object-id.
ifx_free_blob -- blob object¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_free_blob
(int bid);
Deletes the blobobject for the given blob object-id bid. Returns FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifx_get_blob -- blob objectÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int ifx_get_blob
(int bid);
Returns the content of the blob object for the given blob object-id bid.
ifx_update_blob -- blob objectÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
ifx_update_blob
(int bid, string content);
Updates the content of the blob object for the given blob object bid. content is a string with new data. Returns FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifx_blobinfile_mode -- select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»(default) blob mode¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void ifx_blobinfile_mode
(int mode);
Set the default blob mode for all select queries. Mode "0" means save Byte-Blobs in memory, and mode "1" means save Byte-Blobs in a file.
ifx_textasvarchar -- select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»(default) text mode¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void ifx_textasvarchar
(int mode);
Sets the default text mode for all select-queries. Mode "0" will return a blob id, and mode "1" will return a varchar with text content.
ifx_byteasvarchar -- select ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»(default) byte mode¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void ifx_byteasvarchar
(int mode);
Sets the default byte mode for all select-queries. Mode "0" will return a blob id, and mode "1" will return a varchar with text content.
ifx_nullformat -- row¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ °á°ú°ªÀÇ ±âº» ÇüŸ¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void ifx_nullformat
(int mode);
Sets the default return value of a NULL-value on a fetch row. Mode "0" returns "", and mode "1" returns "NULL".
ifxus_create_slob -- slob object¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ±×°ÍÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int ifxus_create_slob
(int mode);
Creates an slob object and opens it. Modes: 1 = LO_RDONLY, 2 = LO_WRONLY, 4 = LO_APPEND, 8 = LO_RDWR, 16 = LO_BUFFER, 32 = LO_NOBUFFER -> or-mask. You can also use constants named IFX_LO_RDONLY, IFX_LO_WRONLY etc. Return FALSE on error otherwise the new slob object-id.
ifx_free_slob -- slob object¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifxus_free_slob
(int bid);
Deletes the slob object. bid is the Id of the slob object. Returns FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifxus_close_slob -- slob object¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifxus_close_slob
(int bid);
Deletes the slob object on the given slob object-id bid. Return FALSE on error otherwise TRUE.
ifxus_open_slob -- slob object¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int ifxus_open_slob
(long bid, int mode);
Opens an slob object. bid should be an existing slob id. Modes: 1 = LO_RDONLY, 2 = LO_WRONLY, 4 = LO_APPEND, 8 = LO_RDWR, 16 = LO_BUFFER, 32 = LO_NOBUFFER -> or-mask. Returns FALSE on error otherwise the new slob object-id.
ifxus_tell_slob -- ÇöÀç ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª seek À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int ifxus_tell_slob
(long bid);
Returns the current file or seek position of an open slob object bid should be an existing slob id. Return FALSE on error otherwise the seek position.
ifxus_seek_slob -- ÇöÀç ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª seek À§Ä¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int ifxus_seek_slob
(long bid, int mode, long offset);
Sets the current file or seek position of an open slob object. bid should be an existing slob id. Modes: 0 = LO_SEEK_SET, 1 = LO_SEEK_CUR, 2 = LO_SEEK_END and offset is an byte offset. Return FALSE on error otherwise the seek position.
ifxus_read_slob -- slob objectÀÇ nbytes¸¦ Àд´Ù.of the
int ifxus_read_slob
(long bid, long nbytes);
Reads nbytes of the slob object. bid is a existing slob id and nbytes is the number of bytes zu read. Return FALSE on error otherwise the string.
ifxus_write_slob -- slob object¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ½á ³Ö´Â´Ù.
int ifxus_write_slob
(long bid, string content);
Writes a string into the slob object. bid is a existing slob id and content the content to write. Return FALSE on error otherwise bytes written.
InterBase´Â Borland/Inprise¿¡¼ Ãâ½ÃµÈ ´ëÁßÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. InterBase¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â http://www.interbase.com/¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¸±â¹Ù¶õ´Ù. Âü°í·Î InterBase´Â ¿ÀÇ ¼Ò½º ¿îµ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Note: PHP4¿¡¼´Â InterBase 6 ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Áö¿øÀÌ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
int ibase_connect
(string database [, string username [, string password [, string charset [, int
buffers [, int dialect [, string role]]]]]])
Establishes a connection to an InterBase server. The database argument has to be a valid path to database file on the server it resides on. If the server is not local, it must be prefixed with either 'hostname:' (TCP/IP), '//hostname/' (NetBEUI) or 'hostname@' (IPX/SPX), depending on the connection protocol used. username and password can also be specified with PHP configuration directives ibase.default_user and ibase.default_password. charset is the default character set for a database. buffers is the number of database buffers to allocate for the server-side cache. If 0 or omitted, server chooses its own default. dialect selects the default SQL dialect for any statement executed within a connection, and it defaults to the highest one supported by client libraries.
In case a second call is made to ibase_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned. The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling ibase_close().
Example 1. Ibase_connect() example
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Note: buffers was added in PHP4-RC2.
Note: dialect was added in PHP4-RC2. It is functional only with InterBase 6 and versions higher than that.
Note: role was added in PHP4-RC2. It is functional only with InterBase 5 and versions higher than that.
See also: ibase_pconnect().
ibase_pconnect -- InterBase µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·ÎÀÇ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ(persistent) ¿¬°áÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int ibase_connect
(string database [, string username [, string password [, string charset [,
string role]]]])
ibase_pconnect() acts very much like ibase_connect() with two major differences. First, when connecting, the function will first try to find a (persistent) link that's already opened with the same parameters. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection. Second, the connection to the InterBase server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (ibase_close() will not close links established by ibase_pconnect()). This type of link is therefore called 'persistent'.
See also ibase_connect() for the meaning of parameters passed to this function. They are exactly the same.
ibase_close -- InterBase µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int ibase_close
([int
connection_id])
Closes the link to an InterBase database that's associated with a connection id returned from ibase_connect(). If the connection id is omitted, the last opened link is assumed. Default transaction on link is committed, other transactions are rolled back.
ibase_query -- InterBase µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ÁúÀǸ¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int ibase_query
([int
link_identifier, string query [, int bind_args]])
Performs a query on an InterBase database, returning a result identifier for use with ibase_fetch_row(), ibase_fetch_object(), ibase_free_result() and ibase_free_query().
Note: Although this function supports variable binding to parameter placeholders, there is not very much meaning using this capability with it. For real life use and an example, see ibase_prepare() and ibase_execute().
array ibase_fetch_row
(int result_identifier)
Returns the next row specified by the result identifier obtained using the ibase_query().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
ibase_fetch_object -- Get an object from a InterBase databaseobject ibase_fetch_object
(int result_id)
Fetches a row as a pseudo-object from a result_id obtained either by ibase_query() or ibase_execute().
1 2 <php 3 $dbh = ibase_connect ($host, $username, $password); 4 $stmt = 'SELECT * FROM tblname'; 5 $sth = ibase_query ($dbh, $stmt); 6 while ($row = ibase_fetch_object ($sth)) { 7 print $row->email . "\n"; 8 } 9 ibase_close ($dbh); 10 ?> 11 |
See also ibase_fetch_row().
ibase_free_result -- result setÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int ibase_free_result
(int result_identifier)
Free's a result set the has been created by ibase_query().
ibase_prepare -- ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ¹ÙÀεùÇÏ°í ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÁغñÇÑ´Ù.
int ibase_prepare
([int
link_identifier, string query])
Prepare a query for later binding of parameter placeholders and execution (via ibase_execute()).
ibase_execute -- ¹Ì¸® ÁغñµÈ ÁúÀǸ¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int ibase_execute
(int
query [, int bind_args])
Execute a query prepared by ibase_prepare(). This is a lot more effective than using ibase_query() if you are repeating a same kind of query several times with only some parameters changing.
1 2 <?php 3 $updates = array( 4 1 => 'Eric', 5 5 => 'Filip', 6 7 => 'Larry' 7 ); 8 9 $query = ibase_prepare("UPDATE FOO SET BAR = ? WHERE BAZ = ?"); 10 11 while (list($baz, $bar) = each($updates)) { 12 ibase_execute($query, $bar, $baz); 13 } 14 ?> 15 |
ibase_free_query -- ÁúÀǸ¦ ÁغñÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ÇØÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
ibase_timefmt -- ÁúÀÇ °á°úÁß timestamp³ª ³¯Â¥¿Í ½Ã°£ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Ä®·³ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÉ ÇüŸ¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int ibase_timefmt
(string format [, int columntype])
Sets the format of timestamp, date or time type columns returned from queries. Internally, the columns are formatted by c-function strftime(), so refer to it's documentation regarding to the format of the string. columntype is one of the constants IBASE_TIMESTAMP, IBASE_DATE and IBASE_TIME. If omitted, defaults to IBASE_TIMESTAMP for backwards compatibility.
1 2 <?php 3 // InterBase 6 TIME-type columns will be returned in 4 // the form '05 hours 37 minutes'. 5 ibase_timefmt("%H hours %M minutes", IBASE_TIME); 6 ?> 7 |
You can also set defaults for these formats with PHP configuration directives ibase.timestampformat, ibase.dateformat and ibase.timeformat.
Note: columntype was added in PHP 4.0. It has any meaning only with InterBase version 6 and higher.
Note: A backwards incompatible change happened in PHP 4.0 when PHP configuration directive ibase.timeformat was renamed to ibase.timestampformat and directives ibase.dateformat and ibase.timeformat were added, so that the names would match better their functionality.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.7, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
ibase_num_fields -- ÁúÀÇ °á°ú(result set)ÀÇ ÇÊµå °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int ibase_num_fields
(int result_id)
Returns an integer containing the number of fields in a result set.
1 2 <?php 3 $dbh = ibase_connect ($host, $username, $password); 4 $stmt = 'SELECT * FROM tblname'; 5 $sth = ibase_query ($dbh, $stmt); 6 7 if (ibase_num_fields($sth) > 0) { 8 while ($row = ibase_fetch_object ($sth)) { 9 print $row->email . "\n"; 10 } 11 } else { 12 die ("No Results were found for your query"); 13 } 14 15 ibase_close ($dbh); 16 ?> 17 |
See also: ibase_field_info().
Note: Ibase_num_fields() is currently not functional in PHP4.
LDAPÀº Lightweight Directory Access ProtocolÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, "Directory Servers"¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ´Ù. Directory ¶ó´Â °ÍÀº Æ®¸® ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀúÀåÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ Database¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±âº» °³³äÀº Çϵåµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº root µð·ºÅ丮°¡ "world(Áö±¸ Àüü)"ÀÌ°í, ù ¹ø° ·¹º§ÀÌ "±¹°¡µé", ±× ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ·¹º§ÀÌ È¸»ç³ª, °¢Á¾ Á¶Á÷, Àå¼Ò µîÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÇÏ·Î °è¼Ó ³»·Á°¡´Ù º¸¸é ƯÁ¤ÀÎÀ̳ª ¼³ºñ, ¹®¼ µîÀÇ Ç׸ñ±îÁöµµ ³»·Á°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Çϵåµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ subdirectory¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÒ ¶§ º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. :
/usr/local/myapp/docs
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ºÀÇ °¢ºÎºÐÀº ½½·¡½Ã(/) ±âÈ£·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ°í, Àд ¼ø¼´Â ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î Àо°£´Ù.
LDAP¿¡¼ ÆÄÀÏ ·¹ÆÛ·±½º¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀº º¸Åë "dn"À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â "distinguished name"ÀÌ´Ù. dnÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
cn=John Smith,ou=Accounts,o=My Company,c=US
·¹ÆÛ·±½ºÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐÀº ½°Ç¥(,)·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ°í, ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿ÞÂÊÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î Àд´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÌ dnÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Àǹ̷ΠÀд´Ù. :
country(³ª¶ó) = US
organization(Á¶Á÷) = My Company
organizationalUnit(ºÎ¼) = Accounts
commonName(À̸§) = John Smith
Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸¼ºÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ¾øµíÀÌ, µð·ºÅ丮 ¼¹öÀÇ °ü¸®µµ ¸ñÀû¿¡ µû¶ó ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÇÏ°í À־ »ó°ü¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ °ü½ÀÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¿¡ ¾î¶² Á¤º¸°¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµíÀÌ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× µð·ºÅ丮 ¼¹ö¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Äڵ带 ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µð·ºÅ丮 ¼¹ö¿¡¼ "S"·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¼ºÀ» °¡Áø Ç׸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ°í, À̸§°ú email ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
Example 1. LDAP search example
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¿©·¯ºÐÀº University of Michigan ldap-3.3 package³ª Netscape Directory SDK°°Àº LDAP client libraries¸¦ ¾ò¾î¼ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ PHP¸¦ LDAPÁö¿øÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
LDAP È£ÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ·ÁÇÏ´Â LDAP ¼¹öÀÇ À̸§À̳ª ÁÖ¼Ò.
ÇØ´ç ¼¹öÀÇ "base dn" (world µð·ºÅ丮 ¹ØÀÇ ¾î¶² ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ÇØ´ç ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ºÎºÐ. "o=My Company,c=US"°°Àº °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.)
¼¹ö¿¡ Á¢±Ù°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ÏÈ£°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (¸¹Àº ¼¹öµéÀÌ "anonymous bind"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àбâ Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×¿ÜÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» À§Çؼ´Â ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.)
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ applicationÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ LDAP È£ÃâÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. :
ldap_connect() // ¼¹ö¿¡ connectionÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
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ldap_bind() // À͸í(anonymous)À̳ª ÀÎÁõµÈ "login"
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µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ °Ë»öÀ̳ª ¼öÁ¤ °°Àº ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
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ldap_close() // "logout"
LDAP¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ÀÚ·á´Â ´ÙÀ½ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡ º¸ÀÚ.
Netscape SDK¿¡´Â Programmer's Guide°¡ .html ÇüÅ·ΠÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ldap_add -- LDAP directory¿¡ entry¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_add
(int
link_identifier, string dn, array entry)
returns true on success and false on error.
The ldap_add() function is used to add entries in the LDAP directory. The DN of the entry to be added is specified by dn. Array entry specifies the information about the entry. The values in the entries are indexed by individual attributes. In case of multiple values for an attribute, they are indexed using integers starting with 0.
entry["attribute1"] = value
entry["attribute2"][0] = value1
entry["attribute2"][1] = value2
Example 1. Complete example with authenticated bind
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ldap_mod_add -- ÇöÀç ¼Ó¼º¿¡ ƯÁ¤ ¼Ó¼º°ªÀ» ´õÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_mod_add
(int link_identifier, string dn, array entry);
returns true on success and false on error.
This function adds attribute(s) to the specified dn. It performs the modification at the attribute level as opposed to the object level. Object-level additions are done by the ldap_add() function.
ldap_mod_del -- ÇöÀç ¼Ó¼º¿¡ ƯÁ¤ ¼Ó¼º°ªÀ» »«´Ù.
int ldap_mod_del
(int link_identifier, string dn, array entry);
returns true on success and false on error.
This function removes attribute(s) from the specified dn. It performs the modification at the attribute level as opposed to the object level. Object-level deletions are done by the ldap_del() function.
ldap_mod_replace -- ÇöÀç ¼Ó¼º°ªµéÀ» »õ·Î¿î °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int ldap_mod_replace
(int link_identifier, string dn, array entry);
returns true on success and false on error.
This function replaces attribute(s) from the specified dn. It performs the modification at the attribute level as opposed to the object level. Object-level modifications are done by the ldap_modify() function.
ldap_bind -- LDAP directory¿¡ bind ÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_bind
(int link_identifier, string [bind_rdn], string [bind_password]);
Binds to the LDAP directory with specified RDN and password. Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_bind() does a bind operation on the directory. bind_rdn and bind_password are optional. If not specified, anonymous bind is attempted.
ldap_close -- LDAP server¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int ldap_close
(int link_identifier);
Returns true on success, false on error.
ldap_close() closes the link to the LDAP server that's associated with the specified link_identifier.
This call is internally identical to ldap_unbind(). The LDAP API uses the call ldap_unbind(), so perhaps you should use this in preference to ldap_close().
ldap_connect -- LDAP server¿Í ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_connect
([string hostname [, int port]])
Returns a positive LDAP link identifier on success, or false on error.
ldap_connect() establishes a connection to a LDAP server on a specified hostname and port. Both the arguments are optional. If no arguments are specified then the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned. If only hostname is specified, then the port defaults to 389.
ldap_count_entries -- Ž»ö ¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â entryÀÇ °³¼ö
int ldap_count_entries
(int link_identifier, int result_identifier)
Returns number of entries in the result or false on error.
ldap_count_entries() returns the number of entries stored in the result of previous search operations. result_identifier identifies the internal ldap result.
ldap_delete -- directory¾ÈÀÇ ÇÑ entry¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù..
int ldap_delete
(int
link_identifier, string dn)
Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_delete() function delete a particular entry in LDAP directory specified by dn.
ldap_dn2ufn -- DNÀ» User Friendly Naming Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_delete
(int
link_identifier, string dn)
Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_delete() function delete a particular entry in LDAP directory specified by dn.
ldap_explode_dn -- DNÀ» ±×°ÍÀÇ ±¸¼º ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´«´Ù.
array ldap_explode_dn
(string dn, int with_attrib)
ldap_explode_dn() function is used to split the a DN returned by ldap_get_dn() and breaks it up into its component parts. Each part is known as Relative Distinguished Name, or RDN. ldap_explode_dn() returns an array of all those components. with_attrib is used to request if the RDNs are returned with only values or their attributes as well. To get RDNs with the attributes (i.e. in attribute=value format) set with_attrib to 0 and to get only values set it to 1.
ldap_first_attribute -- ù¹ø° ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string ldap_first_attribute
(int link_identifier, int
result_entry_identifier, int ber_identifier)
Returns the first attribute in the entry on success and false on error.
Similar to reading entries, attributes are also read one by one from a particular entry. ldap_first_attribute() returns the first attribute in the entry pointed by the entry identifier. Remaining attributes are retrieved by calling ldap_next_attribute() successively. ber_identifier is the identifier to internal memory location pointer. It is passed by reference. The same ber_identifier is passed to the ldap_next_attribute() function, which modifies that pointer.
see also ldap_get_attributes()
ldap_first_entry -- ù¹ø° result id¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_first_entry
(int
link_identifier, int result_identifier)Returns the result entry identifier for the first entry on success and false on error.
Entries in the LDAP result are read sequentially using the ldap_first_entry() and ldap_next_entry() functions. ldap_first_entry() returns the entry identifier for first entry in the result. This entry identifier is then supplied to lap_next_entry() routine to get successive entries from the result.
see also ldap_get_entries().
ldap_free_result -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int ldap_free_result
(int result_identifier)
Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_free_result() frees up the memory allocated internally to store the result and pointed by the result_identifier. All result memory will be automatically freed when the script terminates.
Typically all the memory allocated for the ldap result gets freed at the end of the script. In case the script is making successive searches which return large result sets, ldap_free_result() could be called to keep the runtime memory usage by the script low.
ldap_get_attributes -- search result entry·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array ldap_get_attributes
(int link_identifier, int
result_entry_identifier)
Returns a complete entry information in a multi-dimensional array on success and false on error.
ldap_get_attributes() function is used to simplify reading the attributes and values from an entry in the search result. The return value is a multi-dimensional array of attributes and values.
Having located a specific entry in the directory, you can find out what information is held for that entry by using this call. You would use this call for an application which "browses" directory entries and/or where you do not know the structure of the directory entries. In many applications you will be searching for a specific attribute such as an email address or a surname, and won't care what other data is held.
return_value["count"] = number of attributes in the entry
return_value[0] = first attribute
return_value[n] = nth attribute
return_value["attribute"]["count"] = number of values for attribute
return_value["attribute"][0] = first value of the attribute
return_value["attribute"][i] = ith value of the attribute
Example 1. Show the list of attributes held for a particular directory entry
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see also ldap_first_attribute() and ldap_next_attribute()
ldap_get_dn -- result entryÀÇ DNÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string ldap_get_dn
(int
link_identifier, int result_entry_identifier)
Returns the DN of the result entry and false on error.
ldap_get_dn() function is used to find out the DN of an entry in the result.
ldap_get_entries -- ¸ðµç result entryµéÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array ldap_get_entries
(int link_identifier, int result_identifier)
Returns a complete result information in a multi-dimenasional array on success and false on error.
ldap_get_entries() function is used to simplify reading multiple entries from the result and then reading the attributes and multiple values. The entire information is returned by one function call in a multi-dimensional array. The structure of the array is as follows.
The attribute index is converted to lowercase. (Attributes are case-insensitive for directory servers, but not when used as array indices)
return_value["count"] = number of entries in the result
return_value[0] : refers to the details of first entry
return_value[i]["dn"] = DN of the ith entry in the result
return_value[i]["count"] = number of attributes in ith entry
return_value[i][j] = jth attribute in the ith entry in the result
return_value[i]["attribute"]["count"] = number of values for attribute in ith entry
return_value[i]["attribute"][j] = jth value of attribute in ith entry
see also ldap_first_entry() and ldap_next_entry()
ldap_get_values -- result entry·Î ºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array ldap_get_values
(int
link_identifier, int result_entry_identifier, string attribute)Returns an array of values for the attribute on success and false on error.
ldap_get_values() function is used to read all the values of the attribute in the entry in the result. entry is specified by the result_entry_identifier. The number of values can be found by indexing "count" in the resultant array. Individual values are accessed by integer index in the array. The first index is 0.
This call needs a result_entry_identifier, so needs to be preceded by one of the ldap search calls and one of the calls to get an individual entry.
You application will either be hard coded to look for certain attributes (such as "surname" or "mail") or you will have to use the ldap_get_attributes() call to work out what attributes exist for a given entry.
LDAP allows more than one entry for an attribute, so it can, for example, store a number of email addresses for one person's directory entry all labeled with the attribute "mail"
return_value["count"] = number of values for attribute
return_value[0] = first value of attribute
return_value[i] = ith value of attribute
Example 1. List all values of the "mail" attribute for a directory entry
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(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
ldap_get_values_len -- result entry·Î ºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç binary °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.array ldap_get_values_len
(int link_identifier, int
result_entry_identifier, string attribute)
Returns an array of values for the attribute on success and false on error.
ldap_get_values_len() function is used to read all the values of the attribute in the entry in the result. entry is specified by the result_entry_identifier. The number of values can be found by indexing "count" in the resultant array. Individual values are accessed by integer index in the array. The first index is 0.
This function is used exactly like ldap_get_values() except that it handles binary data and not string data.
Note: This function was added in 4.0.
ldap_list -- Single-level °Ë»ö (search)
int ldap_list
(int
link_identifier, string base_dn, string filter [, array attributes])
Returns a search result identifier or false on error.
ldap_list() performs the search for a specified filter on the directory with the scope LDAP_SCOPE_ONELEVEL.
LDAP_SCOPE_ONELEVEL means that the search should only return information that is at the level immediately below the base dn given in the call. (Equivalent to typing "ls" and getting a list of files and folders in the current working directory.)
This call takes an optional fourth parameter which is an array of the attributes required. See ldap_search() notes.
Example 1. Produce a list of all organizational units of an organization
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ldap_modify -- LDAP entry¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_modify
(int
link_identifier, string dn, array entry)Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_modify() function is used to modify the existing entries in the LDAP directory. The structure of the entry is same as in ldap_add().
ldap_next_attribute -- resultÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
s
tring ldap_next_attribute
(int link_identifier, int
result_entry_identifier, int ber_identifier)
Returns the next attribute in an entry on success and false on error.
ldap_next_attribute() is called to retrieve the attributes in an entry. The internal state of the pointer is maintained by the ber_identifier. It is passed by reference to the function. The first call to ldap_next_attribute() is made with the result_entry_identifier returned from ldap_first_attribute().
see also ldap_get_attributes()
ldap_next_entry -- ´ÙÀ½ result entry¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_next_entry
(int
link_identifier, int result_entry_identifier)Returns entry identifier for the next entry in the result whose entries are being read starting with ldap_first_entry(). If there are no more entries in the result then it returns false.
ldap_next_entry() function is used to retrieve the entries stored in the result. Successive calls to the ldap_next_entry() return entries one by one till there are no more entries. The first call to ldap_next_entry() is made after the call to ldap_first_entry() with the result_identifier as returned from the ldap_first_entry().
see also ldap_get_entries()
ldap_read -- entry¸¦ Àд´Ù.
int ldap_read
(int link_identifier, string base_dn, string filter, array [attributes]);
Returns a search result identifier or false on error.
ldap_read() performs the search for a specified filter on the directory with the scope LDAP_SCOPE_BASE. So it is equivalent to reading an entry from the directory.
An empty filter is not allowed. If you want to retrieve absolutely all information for this entry, use a filter of "objectClass=*". If you know which entry types are used on the directory server, you might use an appropriate filter such as "objectClass=inetOrgPerson".
This call takes an optional fourth parameter which is an array of the attributes required. See ldap_search() notes.
ldap_search -- LDAP tree¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_search
(int
link_identifier, string base_dn, string filter [, array attributes])
Returns a search result identifier or false on error.
ldap_search() performs the search for a specified filter on the directory with the scope of LDAP_SCOPE_SUBTREE. This is equivalent to searching the entire directory. base_dn specifies the base DN for the directory.
There is a optional fourth parameter, that can be added to restrict the attributes and values returned by the server to just those required. This is much more efficient than the default action (which is to return all attributes and their associated values). The use of the fourth parameter should therefore be considered good practice.
The fourth parameter is a standard PHP string array of the required attributes, eg array("mail","sn","cn") Note that the "dn" is always returned irrespective of which attributes types are requested.
Note too that some directory server hosts will be configured to return no more than a preset number of entries. If this occurs, the server will indicate that it has only returned a partial results set.
The search filter can be simple or advanced, using boolean operators in the format described in the LDAP doumentation (see the Netscape Directory SDK for full information on filters).
The example below retrieves the organizational unit, surname, given name and email address for all people in "My Company" where the surname or given name contains the substring $person. This example uses a boolean filter to tell the server to look for information in more than one attribute.
Example 1. LDAP search
|
ldap_unbind -- LDAP directory·ÎºÎÅÍ unbindÇÑ´Ù.
int ldap_unbind
(int
link_identifier)
Returns true on success and false on error.
ldap_unbind() function unbinds from the LDAP directory.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
ldap_err2str -- LDAP ¿¡·¯¹øÈ£¸¦ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.string ldap_err2str
(int
errno)
returns string error message.
This function returns the string error message explaining the error number errno. While LDAP errno numbers are standardized, different libraries return different or even localized textual error messages. Never check for a specific error message text, but always use an error number to check.
See also ldap_errno() and ldap_error().
Example 1. Enumerating all LDAP error messages
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.12, PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
ldap_errno -- ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ LDAP ¸í·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ LDAP ¿¡·¯ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int ldap_errno
(int
link_id)
return the LDAP error number of the last LDAP command for this link.
This function returns the standardized error number returned by the last LDAP command for the given link identifier. This number can be converted into a textual error message using ldap_err2str().
Unless you lower your warning level in your php3.ini sufficiently or prefix your LDAP commands with @ (at) characters to suppress warning output, the errors generated will also show up in your HTML output.
Example 1. Generating and catching an error
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.12, PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
ldap_error -- ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ LDAP ¸í·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ LDAP ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.string ldap_error
(int
link_id)
returns string error message.
This function returns the string error message explaining the error generated by the last LDAP command for the given link identifier. While LDAP errno numbers are standardized, different libraries return different or even localized textual error messages. Never check for a specific error message text, but always use an error number to check.
Unless you lower your warning level in your php3.ini sufficiently or prefix your LDAP commands with @ (at) characters to suppress warning output, the errors generated will also show up in your HTML output.
see also ldap_err2str() and ldap_errno().
mail() ÇÔ¼ö´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
mail -- ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.
bool mail
(string to,
string subject, string message [, string additional_headers])
Mail() automatically mails the message specified in message to the receiver specified in to. Multiple recipients can be specified by putting a comma between each address in to.
Example 1. Sending mail.
|
If a fourth string argument is passed, this string is inserted at the end of the header. This is typically used to add extra headers. Multiple extra headers are separated with a newline.
Example 2. Sending mail with extra headers.
|
ÀÌ ¼öÇÐ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ long°ú double ÇüÅ·θ¸ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù¸é arbitrary precision math functions¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ ¼öÇÐ ÇÔ¼ö È®Àå¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ªÀÌ »ó¼ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. :
Table 1. Math constants
Constant | Value | Description |
---|---|---|
M_PI | 3.14159265358979323846 | Der Wert ¥ð (Pi) |
M_E | 2.7182818284590452354 | e |
M_LOG2E | 1.4426950408889634074 | log_2 e |
M_LOG10E | 0.43429448190325182765 | log_10 e |
M_LN2 | 0.69314718055994530942 | log_e 2 |
M_LN10 | 2.30258509299404568402 | log_e 10 |
M_PI_2 | 1.57079632679489661923 | pi/2 |
M_PI_4 | 0.78539816339744830962 | pi/4 |
M_1_PI | 0.31830988618379067154 | 1/pi |
M_2_PI | 0.63661977236758134308 | 2/pi |
M_2_SQRTPI | 1.12837916709551257390 | 2/sqrt(pi) |
M_SQRT2 | 1.41421356237309504880 | sqrt(2) |
M_SQRT1_2 | 0.70710678118654752440 | 1/sqrt(2) |
Abs -- Àý´ë°ª
mixed abs(mixed number);
Returns the absolute value of number. If the argument number is float, return type is also float, otherwise it is int.
Acos -- arc cosine
float acos(float arg);
Returns the arc cosine of arg in radians.
Asin -- arc sine
float asin(float arg);
Returns the arc sine of arg in radians.
Atan -- arc tangent
float atan(float arg);
Returns the arc tangent of arg in radians.
See also acos() and atan().
Atan2 -- arc tangent of two variables
float atan2
(float y, float x);
This function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables x and y. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of y / x, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result.
The function returns the result in radians, which is between -PI and PI (inclusive).
base_convert -- ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ Áø¹ý°£¿¡ º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
strin base_convert
(string number, int frombase, int tobase)
Returns a string containing number represented in base tobase. The base in which number is given is specified in frombase. Both frombase and tobase have to be between 2 and 36, inclusive. Digits in numbers with a base higher than 10 will be represented with the letters a-z, with a meaning 10, b meaning 11 and z meaning 36.
Example 1. base_convert()
|
BinDec -- 2Áø¼ö¸¦ 10Áø¼ö·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
int bindec(string binary_string);
Returns the decimal equivalent of the binary number represented by the binary_string argument.
BinDec converts a binary number to a decimal number. The largest number that can be converted is 31 bits of 1's or 2147483647 in decimal.
See also the decbin() function.
Ceil -- ¿Ã¸²À» ÇÑ °ª
int ceil(float number);
Returns the next highest integer value from number. Using ceil() on integers is absolutely a waste of time.
NOTE: PHP/FI 2's ceil() returned a float. Use: $new = (double)ceil($number); to get the old behaviour.
Cos -- cosine
float cos(float arg);
Returns the cosine of arg in radians.
DecBin -- 10Áø¼ö¸¦ 2Áø¼ö·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string decbin(int number);
Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given number argument. The largest number that can be converted is 2147483647 in decimal resulting to a string of 31 1's.
See also the bindec() function.
DecHex -- ½ÊÁø¼ö¸¦ 16Áø¼ö·Î
string dechex(int number);
Returns a string containing a hexadecimal representation of the given number argument. The largest number that can be converted is 2147483647 in decimal resulting to "7fffffff".
See also the hexdec() function.
DecOct -- ½ÊÁø¼ö¸¦ 8Áø¼ö·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù
string decoct(int number);
Returns a string containing an octal representation of the given number argument. The largest number that can be converted is 2147483647 in decimal resulting to "17777777777". See also octdec().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.4, PHP4 )
deg2rad -- degrees °¢µµ °ªÀ» radian °¢µµ°ªÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.double deg2rad
(double
number)
This function converts number from degrees to the radian equivalent.
See also rad2deg().
Exp -- ÀÚ¿¬´ë¼ö eÀÇ n Á¦°ö°ª
float exp(float arg);
Returns e raised to the power of arg.
See also pow().
Floor -- ³»¸²À» ÇÑ °ª
int floor(float number);
Returns the next lowest integer value from number. Using floor() on integers is absolutely a waste of time.
NOTE: PHP/FI 2's floor() returned a float. Use: $new = (double)floor($number); to get the old behaviour.
getrandmax -- °¡´ÉÇÑ ³¼öÀÇ ÃÖ´ë°ª
int getrandmax(void );
Returns the maximum value that can be returned by a call to rand().
See also rand(), srand(), mt-rand() ,mt_srand() and mt_getrandmax(),
HexDec -- 16Áø¼ö¸¦ 10Áø¼ö·Î
int hexdec(string hex_string);
Returns the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number represented by the hex_string argument. HexDec converts a hexadecimal string to a decimal number. The largest number that can be converted is 7fffffff or 2147483647 in decimal.
See also the dechex() function.
Log -- ÀÚ¿¬ ·Î±×
float log(float arg);
Returns the natural logarithm of arg.
Log10 -- »ó¿ë ·Î±×
float log10(float arg);
Returns the base-10 logarithm of arg.
max -- °¡Àå Å« °ªÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
mixed max(mixed arg1, mixed arg2, mixed argn);
max() returns the numerically highest of the parameter values.
If the first parameter is an array, max() returns the highest value in that array. If the first parameter is an integer, string or double, you need at least two parameters and max() returns the biggest of these values. You can compare an unlimited number of values.
If one or more of the values is a double, all the values will be treated as doubles, and a double is returned. If none of the values is a double, all of them will be treated as integers, and an integer is returned.
min -- °¡Àå ÀÛÀº °ªÀ» ã´Â´Ù.
mixed min(mixed arg1, mixed arg2, mixed argn);
min() returns the numerically lowest of the parameter values.
If the first parameter is an array, min() returns the lowest value in that array. If the first parameter is an integer, string or double, you need at least two parameters and min() returns the lowest of these values. You can compare an unlimited number of values.
If one or more of the values is a double, all the values will be treated as doubles, and a double is returned. If none of the values is a double, all of them will be treated as integers, and an integer is returned.
mt_rand -- ´õ ÁÁÀº ³¼ö °ªÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù.
int mt_rand
([int min], [int max]);
Many random number generators of older libcs have dubious or unknown characteristics and are slow. By default, PHP uses the libc random number generator with the rand() function. mt_rand() function is a drop-in replacement for this. It uses a random number generator with known characteristics, the Mersenne Twister, which will produce random numbers that should be suitable for cryptographic purposes and is four times faster than what the average libc provides. The Homepage of the Mersenne Twister can be found at http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/~matumoto/emt.html, and an optimized version of the MT source is available from http://www.scp.syr.edu/~marc/hawk/twister.html.
If called without the optional min,max arguments mt_rand() returns a pseudo-random value between 0 and RAND_MAX. If you want a random number between 5 and 15 (inclusive), for example, use mt_rand(5,15).
Remember to seed the random number generator before use with mt_srand().
See also mt_srand(), mt_getrandmax(), srand(), rand() and getrandmax().
mt_srand -- ´õ ÁÁÀº ³¼ö ¹ß»ý±â¿¡ ÃʱⰪÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void mt_srand
(int seed);
Seeds the random number generator with seed.
// seed with microseconds since last "whole" second mt_srand((double)microtime()*1000000); $randval = mt_rand();
See also mt_rand(), mt_getrandmax(), srand(), rand() and getrandmax().
mt_getrandmax -- °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå Å« ³¼ö°ª
int mt_getrandmax
(void );
Returns the maximum value that can be returned by a call to mt_rand().
See also mt_rand(), mt_srand(), rand(), srand() and getrandmax().
number_format -- ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ 1000´ÜÀ§¿Í ¼Ò¼öÁ¡¿¡ ,¿Í .µîÀ» Âï¾îÁØ´Ù.
string number_format
(float number, int decimals, string dec_point, string thousands_sep);
number_format() returns a formatted version of number. This function accepts either one, two or four parameters (not three):
If only one parameter is given, number will be formatted without decimals, but with a comma (",") between every group of thousands.
If two parameters are given, number will be formatted with decimals decimals with a dot (".") in front, and a comma (",") between every group of thousands.
If all four parameters are given, number will be formatted with decimals decimals, dec_point instead of a dot (".") before the decimals and thousands_sep instead of a comma (",") between every group of thousands.
OctDec -- 8Áø¼ö¸¦ 10Áø¼ö·Î
int octdec(string octal_string);
Returns the decimal equivalent of the octal number represented by the octal_string argument. OctDec converts an octal string to a decimal number. The largest number that can be converted is 17777777777 or 2147483647 in decimal.
See also decoct().
pi -- ÆÄÀÌ °ª
double pi(void);
Returns an approximation of pi.
pow -- Áö¼ö Ç¥Çö½Ä(xÀÇ y½Â)
float pow(float base, float exp);
Returns base raised to the power of exp.
See also exp().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.4, PHP4 )
rad2deg -- radian °¢µµ °ªÀ» degrees °¢µµ°ªÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.double rad2deg
(double
number)
This function converts number from radian to degrees.
See also deg2rad().
rand -- ³¼öÀÇ ¹ß»ý
int rand
([int min], [int max]);
If called without the optional min,max arguments rand() returns a pseudo-random value between 0 and RAND_MAX. If you want a random number between 5 and 15 (inclusive), for example, use rand(5,15).
Remember to seed the random number generator before use with srand().
See also srand(), getrandmax(), mt-rand() ,mt_srand() and mt_getrandmax(),
round -- ¹Ý¿Ã¸² ÇÑ °ª
double round(double val);
Returns the rounded value of val.
$foo = round( 3.4 ); // $foo == 3.0 $foo = round( 3.5 ); // $foo == 4.0 $foo = round( 3.6 ); // $foo == 4.0
Sin -- sine
float sin(float arg);
Returns the sine of arg in radians.
Sqrt -- Á¦°ö±Ù
float sqrt(float arg);
Returns the square root of arg.
srand -- ³¼ö ¹ß»ý½Ã »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â seed °ª
void srand(int seed);
Seeds the random number generator with seed.
// seed with microseconds since last "whole" second srand((double)microtime()*1000000); $randval = rand();
See also rand(), getrandmax(), mt-rand() ,mt_srand() and mt_getrandmax(),
Tan -- tangent
float tan(float arg);
Returns the tangent of arg in radians.
MCALÀº Modular Calendar Access LibraryÀÇ ÁÙÀÓ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
LibmcalÀº ÀÏÁ¤°ü¸®(calandar)¸¦ ÇÏ´Â C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öµé·Î Àß ¸ðµâȵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. IMAP ¸ðµâÀÌ ¸ÞÀϹڽº¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ðµâÈ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ MCALÀº ÀÏÁ¤°ü¸®¿¡ ¸ðµâÈ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
IMAP¿¡¼ÀÇ mailbox stream°°ÀÌ mcal¿¡¼´Â ÀÏÁ¤ streamÀÌ ¿¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏÁ¤°ü¸® ³»¿ëÀº Áö¿ªÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¿ø°Ý ICAP ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀúÀåµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, mcal ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
°³°³ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤(event)Àº ¼¹ö¿¡¼ °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀúÀåµÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Ë¶÷±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏ´Â ³¯Â¥ Æ®¸®°Å(triggers)¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ÀÏÁ¤µµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
libmcalÀº Áß¾Ó ÁýÁß ÀÏÁ¤ ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º³ª ·ÎÄà ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á÷Á¢ ´Ù·ç¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â Çʿ並 ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°·Á¸é, PHP¸¦ --with-mcal ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ´ç¿¬È÷ mcal ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ¹Ì¸® ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. http://mcal.chek.com/ ¿¡¼ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ´Ù ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
MCAL ¸ðµâÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. : MCAL_SUNDAY, MCAL_MONDAY, MCAL_TUESDAY, MCAL_WEDNESDAY, MCAL_THURSDAY, MCAL_FRIDAY, MCAL_SATURDAY, MCAL_RECUR_NONE, MCAL_RECUR_DAILY, MCAL_RECUR_WEEKLY, MCAL_RECUR_MONTHLY_MDAY, MCAL_RECUR_MONTHLY_WDAY, MCAL_RECUR_YEARLY, MCAL_JANUARY, MCAL_FEBRUARY, MCAL_MARCH, MCAL_APRIL, MCAL_MAY, MCAL_JUNE, MCAL_JULY, MCAL_AUGUGT, MCAL_SEPTEMBER, MCAL_OCTOBER, MCAL_NOVEMBER, MCAL_DECEMBER. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ ½ºÆ®¸²¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çϳª¾¿ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ ÀÏÁ¤ ±¸Á¶Ã¼(internal event structure)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÔ¼öµé°£¿¡ Å©±â°¡ Å« °´Ã¼¸¦ Àü´ÞÇϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â ÀÏÁ¤ ±¸Á¶Ã¼ (event structure)ÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í, ÃʱâÈÇÏ°í, Á¶È¸Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽¬¿î ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
int mcal_open
(string calendar, string
username, string password, string options);
Returns an MCAL stream on success, false on error.
mcal_open() opens up an MCAL connection to the specified calendar store. If the optional options is specified, passes the options to that mailbox also. The streams internal event structure is also initialized upon connection.
int mcal_close
(int mcal_stream, int flags);
Closes the given mcal stream.
object mcal_fetch_event
(int mcal_stream, int
event_id, int [options]);
mcal_fetch_event() fetches an event from the calendar stream specified by id.
Returns an event object consisting of:
All datetime entries consist of an object that contains:
array mcal_list_events
(int mcal_stream, int
[begin_year] , int [begin_month] , int [begin_day]
, int [end_year] , int [end_month] , int [end_day] );
Returns an array of event ID's that are between the start and end dates, or if just a stream is given, uses the start and end dates in the global event structure.
mcal_list_events() function takes in an optional beginning date and an end date for a calendar stream. An array of event id's that are between the given dates or the internal event dates are returned.
int mcal_append_event
(int mcal_stream);
mcal_append_event() Stores the global event into an MCAL calendar for the given stream.
Returns the uid of the newly inserted event.
int mcal_store_event
(int mcal_stream);
mcal_store_event() Stores the modifications to the current global event for the given stream.
Returns true on success and false on error.
Delete an event from an MCAL calendar
int mcal_delete_event
(int uid);
mcal_delete_event() deletes the calendar event specified by the uid.
Returns true.
Turn off an alarm for an event
int mcal_snooze
(int uid);
mcal_snooze() turns off an alarm for a calendar event specified by the uid.
Returns true.
array mcal_list_events
(int mcal_stream, int
[begin_year] , int [begin_month] , int [begin_day]
, int [end_year] , int [end_month] , int [end_day] );
Returns an array of event ID's that has an alarm going off between the start and end dates, or if just a stream is given, uses the start and end dates in the global event structure.
mcal_list_events() function takes in an optional beginning date and an end date for a calendar stream. An array of event id's that are between the given dates or the internal event dates are returned.
int mcal_event_init
(int stream);
mcal_event_init() initializes a streams global event structure. this effectively sets all elements of the structure to 0, or the default settings.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_category
(int stream, string
category);
mcal_event_set_category() sets the streams global event structure's category to the given string.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_title
(int stream, string
title);
mcal_event_set_title() sets the streams global event structure's title to the given string.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_description
(int stream,
string description);
mcal_event_set_description() sets the streams global event structure's description to the given string.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_start
(int stream, int year,
int month, int [day] , int [hour] , int [min] , int [sec] );
mcal_event_set_start() sets the streams global event structure's start date and time to the given values.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_end
(int stream, int year,
int month, int [day] , int [hour] , int [min] , int [sec] );
mcal_event_set_end() sets the streams global event structure's end date and time to the given values.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_alarm
(int stream, int
alarm);
mcal_event_set_alarm() sets the streams global event structure's alarm to the given minutes before the event.
Returns true.
int mcal_event_set_class
(int stream, int
class);
mcal_event_set_class() sets the streams global event structure's class to the given value. The class is either 0 for public, or 1 for private.
Returns true.
int mcal_is_leap_year
(int year);
mcal_is_leap_year() returns 1 if the given year is a leap year, 1 if not. (¿ªÀÚÁÖ: ¿øº»ÀÌ Á» ÀÌ»óÇѵ¥, ¾Æ¸¶ À±³âÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸é 0À» ¹ÝȯÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù)
int mcal_days_in_month
(int month, int leap
year);
mcal_days_in_month() Returns the number of days in the given month, taking into account if the given year is a leap year or not.
int mcal_date_valid
(int year, int month, int
day);
mcal_date_valid() Returns true if the given year, month and day is a valid date, false if not.
int mcal_time_valid
(int hour, int minutes, int
seconds);
mcal_time_valid() Returns true if the given hour, minutes and seconds is a valid time, false if not.
int mcal_
(int year, int month, int day);
mcal_day_of_week() returns the day of the week of the given date
int mcal_
(int year, int month, int day);
mcal_day_of_year() returns the day of the year of the given date.
int mcal_date_compare
(int a_year, int a_month,
int a_day, int b_year, int b_month, int b_day);
mcal_date_compare() Compares the two given dates, returns <0, 0, >0 if a<b, a==b, a>b respectively
int mcal_next_recurrence
(int stream, int
weekstart, array next);
mcal_next_recurrence() returns an object filled with the next date the event occurs, on or after the supplied date. Returns empty date field if event does not occur or something is invalid. Uses weekstart to determine what day is considered the beginning of the week.
int mcal_event_set_recur_none
(int stream);
mcal_event_set_recur_none() sets the streams global event structure to not recur (event->recur_type is set to MCAL_RECUR_NONE).
int mcal_event_set_recur_daily
(int stream,
int year, int month, int day, int interval);
mcal_event_set_recur_daily() sets the streams global event structure's recurrence to the given value to be reoccuring on a daily basis, ending at the given date.
int mcal_event_set_recur_weekly
(int stream,
int year, int month, int day, int interval, int weekdays);
mcal_event_set_recur_weekly() sets the streams global event structure's recurrence to the given value to be reoccuring on a weekly basis, ending at the given date.
int mcal_event_set_recur_monthly_mday
(int
stream, int year, int month, int day, int interval);
mcal_event_set_recur_monthly_mday() sets the streams global event structure's recurrence to the given value to be reoccuring on a monthly by month day basis, ending at the given date.
int mcal_event_set_recur_monthly_wday
(int
stream, int year, int month, int day, int interval);
mcal_event_set_recur_monthly_wday() sets the streams global event structure's recurrence to the given value to be reoccuring on a monthly by week basis, ending at the given date.
int mcal_event_set_recur_yearly
(int stream,
int year, int month, int day, int interval);
mcal_event_set_recur_yearly() sets the streams global event structure's recurrence to the given value to be reoccuring on a yearly basis,ending at the given date .
int mcal_fetch_current_stream_event
(int
stream);
mcal_event_fetch_current_stream_event() returns the current stream's event structure as an object containing:
All datetime entries consist of an object that contains:
mssql_close -- MS SQL Server connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int mssql_close
([int
link_identifier])r);Returns: true on success, false on error
mssql_close() closes the link to a MS SQL Server database that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
Note that this isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution.
mssql_close() will not close persistent links generated by mssql_pconnect().
See also: mssql_connect(), mssql_pconnect().
mssql_connect -- MS SQL server connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int mssql_connect
([string
servername [, string username [, string password]]])Returns: A positive MS SQL link identifier on success, or false on error.
mssql_connect() establishes a connection to a MS SQL server. The servername argument has to be a valid servername that is defined in the 'interfaces' file.
In case a second call is made to mssql_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned.
The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling mssql_close().
See also mssql_pconnect(), mssql_close().
mssql_data_seek -- internal row pointer¸¦ ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int mssql_data_seek
(int
result_identifier, int row_number)Returns: true on success, false on failure
mssql_data_seek() moves the internal row pointer of the MS SQL result associated with the specified result identifier to pointer to the specifyed row number. The next call to mssql_fetch_row() would return that row.
See also: mssql_data_seek().
mssql_fetch_array -- row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int mssql_fetch_array
(int
result)Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
mssql_fetch_array() is an extended version of mssql_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, it also stores the data in associative indices, using the field names as keys.
An important thing to note is that using mssql_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using mssql_fetch_row(), while it provides a significant added value.
For further details, also see mssql_fetch_row()
mssql_fetch_field -- ÇʵåÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
object mssql_fetch_field
(int
result [, int field_offset])Returns an object containing field information.
mssql_fetch_field() can be used in order to obtain information about fields in a certain query result. If the field offset isn't specified, the next field that wasn't yet retreived by mssql_fetch_field() is retreived.
The properties of the object are:
name - column name. if the column is a result of a function, this property is set to computed#N, where #N is a serial number.
column_source - the table from which the column was taken
max_length - maximum length of the column
numeric - 1 if the column is numeric
See also mssql_field_seek()
mssql_fetch_object -- row¸¦ object·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int mssql_fetch_object
(int
result)Returns: An object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
mssql_fetch_object() is similar to mssql_fetch_array(), with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
Speed-wise, the function is identical to mssql_fetch_array(), and almost as quick as mssql_fetch_row() (the difference is insignificant).
See also: mssql_fetch-array() and mssql_fetch-row().
mssql_fetch_row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array mssql_fetch_row
(int result)
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
Mssql_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to mssql_fetch_rows() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
See also: mssql_fetch_array(), mssql_fetch_object(), mssql_data_seek(), mssql_fetch_lengths(), and mssql_result().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
mssql_field_length -- ÇʵåÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int mssql_field_length
(int result [, int offset])(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
mssql_field_name -- ÇʵåÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int mssql_field_name
(int result [, int offset])mssql_field_seek -- ÇʵåÀÇ offsetÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_field_seek
(int result, int field_offset);
Seeks to the specified field offset. If the next call to mssql_fetch_field() won't include a field offset, this field would be returned.
See also: mssql_fetch_field().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
mssql_field_type -- ÇʵåÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.string mssql_field_type
(int result [, int offset])mssql_free_result -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int mssql_free_result
(int result)
mssql_free_result() only needs to be called if you are worried about using too much memory while your script is running. All result memory will automatically be freed when the script, you may call mssql_free_result() with the result identifier as an argument and the associated result memory will be freed.
string mssql_get_last_message
(void )void mssql_min_error_severity
(int severity)void mssql_min_message_severity
(int severity)mssql_num_fields -- resultÀÇ field °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_num_fields
(int result)
Mssql_num_fields() returns the number of fields in a result set.
See also: mssql_db_query(), mssql_query(), mssql_fetch_field(), mssql_num_rows().
mssql_num_rows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_num_rows
(string result);
mssql_num_rows() returns the number of rows in a result set.
See also: mssql_db_query(), mssql_query() and, mssql_fetch_row().
mssql_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ(persistent) MS SQL connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int mssql_pconnect
(string servername, string username, string password);
Returns: A positive MS SQL persistent link identifier on success, or false on error
mssql_pconnect() acts very much like mssql_connect() with two major differences.
First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.
Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (mssql_close() will not close links established by mssql_pconnect()).
This type of links is therefore called 'persistent'.
mssql_query -- MS SQL ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_query
(string query, int link_identifier);
Returns: A positive MS SQL result identifier on success, or false on error.
mssql_query() sends a query to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function tries to establish a link as if mssql_connect() was called, and use it.
See also: mssql_db_query(), mssql_select_db(), and mssql_connect().
mssql_result -- result data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_result
(int result, int i, mixed field);
Returns: The contents of the cell at the row and offset in the specified MS SQL result set.
mssql_result() returns the contents of one cell from a MS SQL result set. The field argument can be the field's offset, or the field's name, or the field's table dot field's name (fieldname.tablename). If the column name has been aliased ('select foo as bar from...'), use the alias instead of the column name.
When working on large result sets, you should consider using one of the functions that fetch an entire row (specified below). As these functions return the contents of multiple cells in one function call, they're MUCH quicker than mssql_result(). Also, note that specifying a numeric offset for the field argument is much quicker than specifying a fieldname or tablename.fieldname argument.
Recommended high-performance alternatives: mssql_fetch_row(), mssql_fetch_array(), and mssql_fetch_object().
mssql_select_db -- »ç¿ëÇÒ MS SQL database¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
int mssql_select_db
(string database_name, int link_identifier);
Returns: true on success, false on error
mssql_select_db() sets the current active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If no link identifier is specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function will try to establish a link as if mssql_connect() was called, and use it.
Every subsequent call to mssql_query() will be made on the active database.
See also: mssql_connect(), mssql_pconnect(), and mssql_query()
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ±âÁ¸ ¹üÁÖ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°±â °ï¶õÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.
connection_aborted -- Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ²÷¾ú´Ù¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int connection_aborted
(void )Returns true if client disconnected. See the Connection Handling description in the Feature chapter for a complete explanation.
connection_status -- ¿¬°á »óŸ¦ bit´ÜÀ§ÀÇ °ªÀ¸·Î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int connection_status
(void )Returns the connection status bitfield. See the Connection Handling description in the Feature chapter for a complete explanation.
connection_timeout -- ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ°úÇÏ¿© timed outµÇ¾úÀ¸¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int connection_timeout
(void )Returns true if script timed out. See the Connection Handling description in the Feature chapter for a complete explanation.
(PHP3 , PHP4 )
define -- »ó¼ö¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù.int define
(string name,
mixed value [, int case_insensitive])
Defines a named constant, which is similar to a variable except:
The name of the constant is given by name; the value is given by value.
The optional third parameter case_insensitive is also available. If the value 1 is given, then the constant will be defined case-insensitive. The default behaviour is case-sensitive; i.e. CONSTANT and Constant represent different values.
Example 1. Defining Constants
|
Define() returns TRUE on success and FALSE if an error occurs.
(PHP3 , PHP4 )
defined -- ÁÖ¾îÁø À̸§ÀÇ »ó¼ö°¡ ¼±¾ðµÇ¾î Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.int defined
(string
name)
Returns true if the named constant given by name has been defined, false otherwise.
die -- ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í ÇöÀç ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù.
void die
(string
message)
This language construct outputs a message and terminates parsing of the script. It does not return anything.
Example 1. die example
|
See also exit().
eval -- PHP Äڵ带 °¡Áø ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
void eval
(string
code_str)
eval() evaluates the string given in code_str as PHP code. Among other things, this can be useful for storing code in a database text field for later execution.
There are some factors to keep in mind when using eval(). Remember that the string passed must be valid PHP code, including things like terminating statements with a semicolon so the parser doesn't die on the line after the eval(), and properly escaping things in code_str.
Also remember that variables given values under eval() will retain these values in the main script afterwards.
Example 1. Eval() example - simple text merge
|
exit -- ÇöÀç ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù.
void exit
(void);
This language construct terminates parsing of the script. It does not return.
See also die().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
func_get_arg -- ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ·Î ³Ñ¾î¿Â ¾ÆÀÌÅÛÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int func_get_arg
(int
arg_num)
Returns the argument which is at the arg_num'th offset into a user-defined function's argument list. Function arguments are counted starting from zero. Func_get_arg() will generate a warning if called from outside of a function definition.
If arg_num is greater than the number of arguments actually passed, a warning will be generated and func_get_arg() will return FALSE.
1 2 <?php 3 function foo() { 4 $numargs = func_num_args(); 5 echo "Number of arguments: $numargs<br>\n"; 6 if ($numargs >= 2) { 7 echo "Second argument is: " . func_get_arg (1) . "<br>\n"; 8 } 9 } 10 11 foo (1, 2, 3); 12 ?> 13 |
Func_get_arg() may be used in conjunction with func_num_args() and func_get_args() to allow user-defined functions to accept variable-length argument lists.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
func_get_args -- ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ·Î ³Ñ¾î¿Â argumentµéÀ» ¹è¿·Î ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int func_get_args
(void
)
Returns an array in which each element is the corresponding member of the current user-defined function's argument list. Func_get_args() will generate a warning if called from outside of a function definition.
1 2 <?php 3 function foo() { 4 $numargs = func_num_args(); 5 echo "Number of arguments: $numargs<br>\n"; 6 if ($numargs >= 2) { 7 echo "Second argument is: " . func_get_arg (1) . "<br>\n"; 8 } 9 $arg_list = func_get_args(); 10 for ($i = 0; $i < $numargs; $i++) { 11 echo "Argument $i is: " . $arg_list[$i] . "<br>\n"; 12 } 13 } 14 15 foo (1, 2, 3); 16 ?> 17 |
Func_get_args() may be used in conjunction with func_num_args() and func_get_arg() to allow user-defined functions to accept variable-length argument lists.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
func_num_args -- ÇÔ¼ö·Î ³Ñ¾î¿Â ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍÀÇ °¹¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int func_num_args
(void
)
Returns the number of arguments passed into the current user-defined function. Func_num_args() will generate a warning if called from outside of a function definition.
1 2 <?php 3 function foo() { 4 $numargs = func_num_args(); 5 echo "Number of arguments: $numargs\n"; 6 } 7 8 foo (1, 2, 3); // Prints 'Number of arguments: 3' 9 ?> 10 |
Func_num_args() may be used in conjunction with func_get_arg() and func_get_args() to allow user-defined functions to accept variable-length argument lists.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.
function_exists -- ÁÖ¾îÁø À̸§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int function_exists
(string
function_name)Checks the list of defined functions for function_name. Returns true if the given function name was found, false otherwise.
(PHP3 , PHP4 )
get_browser -- »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ¾î¶² ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִ°¡¸¦ ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù.object get_browser
([string user_agent])
get_browser() attempts to determine the capabilities of the user's browser. This is done by looking up the browser's information in the browscap.ini file. By default, the value of $HTTP_USER_AGENT is used; however, you can alter this (i.e., look up another browser's info) by passing the optional user_agent parameter to get_browser().
The information is returned in an object, which will contain various data elements representing, for instance, the browser's major and minor version numbers and ID string; true/false values for features such as frames, JavaScript, and cookies; and so forth.
While browscap.ini contains information on many browsers, it relies on user updates to keep the database current. The format of the file is fairly self-explanatory.
The following example shows how one might list all available information retrieved about the user's browser.
Example 1. Get_browser() example
|
The output of the above script would look something like this:
1 2 Mozilla/4.5 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.9 i586)<hr> 3 <b>browser_name_pattern:</b> Mozilla/4\.5.*<br> 4 <b>parent:</b> Netscape 4.0<br> 5 <b>platform:</b> Unknown<br> 6 <b>majorver:</b> 4<br> 7 <b>minorver:</b> 5<br> 8 <b>browser:</b> Netscape<br> 9 <b>version:</b> 4<br> 10 <b>frames:</b> 1<br> 11 <b>tables:</b> 1<br> 12 <b>cookies:</b> 1<br> 13 <b>backgroundsounds:</b> <br> 14 <b>vbscript:</b> <br> 15 <b>javascript:</b> 1<br> 16 <b>javaapplets:</b> 1<br> 17 <b>activexcontrols:</b> <br> 18 <b>beta:</b> <br> 19 <b>crawler:</b> <br> 20 <b>authenticodeupdate:</b> <br> 21 <b>msn:</b> <br> 22 |
In order for this to work, your browscap configuration file setting must point to the correct location of the browscap.ini file.
For more information (including locations from which you may obtain a browscap.ini file), check the PHP FAQ at http://www.php.net/FAQ.php3.
Note: Browscap support was added to PHP in version 3.0b2.
ignore_user_abort -- Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ²÷¾úÀ» ¶§ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ¼öÇàÀ» Áß´ÜÇϴ°¡¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int ignore_user_abort
(int [setting]);
This function sets whether a client disconnect should cause a script to be aborted. It will return the previous setting and can be called without an argument to not change the current setting and only return the current setting. See the Connection Handling section in the Features chapter for a complete description of connection handling in PHP.
iptcparse -- binary IPTC http://www.xe.net/iptc/ blockÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ÅÃÀ¸·Î parseÇÑ´Ù.
array iptcparse
(string iptcblock);
This function parses a binary IPTC block into its single tags. It returns an array using the tagmarker as an index and the value as the value. It returns false on error or if no IPTC data was found. See GetImageSize() for a sample.
leak -- ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ´©¼³(Leak) ÇÑ´Ù.
void leak
(int bytes)Leak() leaks the specified amount of memory.
This is useful when debugging the memory manager, which automatically cleans up "leaked" memory when each request is completed.
pack -- data¸¦ binary ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î packÇÑ´Ù.
string pack
(string format [,
mixed args ...])Pack given arguments into binary string according to format. Returns binary string containing data.
The idea to this function was taken from Perl and all formatting codes work the same as there. The format string consists of format codes followed by an optional repeater argument. The repeater argument can be either an integer value or * for repeating to the end of the input data. For a, A, h, H the repeat count specifies how many characters of one data argument are taken, for @ it is the absolute position where to put the next data, for everything else the repeat count specifies how many data arguments are consumed and packed into the resulting binary string. Currently implemented are
a NUL-padded string
A SPACE-padded string
h Hex string, low nibble first
H Hex string, high nibble first
c signed char
C unsigned char
s signed short (always 16 bit, machine byte order)
S unsigned short (always 16 bit, machine byte order)
n unsigned short (always 16 bit, big endian byte order)
v unsigned short (always 16 bit, little endian byte order)
i signed integer (machine dependant size and byte order)
I unsigned integer (machine dependant size and byte order)
l signed long (always 32 bit, machine byte order)
L unsigned long (always 32 bit, machine byte order)
N unsigned long (always 32 bit, big endian byte order)
V unsigned long (always 32 bit, little endian byte order)
f float (machine dependent size and representation)
d double (machine dependent size and representation)
x NUL byte
X Back up one byte
@ NUL-fill to absolute position
Example 1. Pack() format string
The resulting binary string will be 6 bytes long and contain the byte sequence 0x12, 0x34, 0x78, 0x56, 0x41, 0x42. |
Note that the distinction between signed and unsigned values only affects the function unpack(), where as function pack() gives the same result for signed and unsigned format codes.
Also note that PHP internally stores integral values as signed values of a machine dependant size. If you give it an unsigned integral value too large to be stored that way it is converted to a double which often yields an undesired result.
register_shutdown_function -- ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ½ÇÇàµÉ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int register_shutdown_function
(string func)Registers the function named by func to be executed when script processing is complete.
Common Pitfalls:
Since no output is allowed to the browser in this function, you will be unable to debug it using statements such as print or echo.
serialize -- ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ °ªÀÌ¶óµµ ÀúÀå °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¸¸µé¾î ÁØ´Ù.
string serialize
(mixed
value)
Serialize() returns a string containing a byte-stream representation of value that can be stored anywhere.
This is useful for storing or passing PHP values around without losing their type and structure.
To make the serialized string into a PHP value again, use unserialize(). Serialize() handles the types integer, double, string, array (multidimensional) and object (object properties will be serialized, but methods are lost).
Example 1. Serialize() example
|
sleep -- ½ÇÇàÀ» Àá½Ã Áö¿¬½ÃŲ´Ù.
void sleep
(int seconds)The sleep function delays program execution for the given number of seconds.
See also usleep().
uniqid -- À¯ÀÏÇÑ id¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
int uniqid
(string
prefix [, boolean lcg])
Uniqid() returns a prefixed unique identifier based on the current time in microseconds. The prefix can be useful for instance if you generate identifiers simultaneously on several hosts that might happen to generate the identifier at the same microsecond. Prefix can be up to 114 characters long.
If the optional lcg parameter is true, uniqid() will add additional "combined LCG" entropy at the end of the return value, which should make the results more unique.
With an empty prefix, the returned string will be 13 characters long. If lcg is true, it will be 23 characters.
Note: The lcg parameter is only available in PHP 4 and PHP 3.0.13 and later.
If you need a unique identifier or token and you intend to give out that token to the user via the network (i.e. session cookies), it is recommended that you use something along the lines of
1 2 $token = md5 (uniqid ("")); // no random portion 3 $better_token = md5 (uniqid (rand())); // better, difficult to guess 4 |
This will create a 32 character identifier (a 128 bit hex number) that is extremely difficult to predict.
unpack -- binary ¹®ÀÚ¿À» data·Î unpackÇÑ´Ù.
array unpack
(string
format, string data)
Unpack() from binary string into array according to format. Returns array containing unpacked elements of binary string.
Unpack() works slightly different from Perl as the unpacked data is stored in an associative array. To accomplish this you have to name the different format codes and separate them by a slash /.
Example 1. Unpack() format string
The resulting array will contain the entries "chars1", "chars2" and "int". |
For an explanation of the format codes see also: pack()
Note that PHP internally stores integral values as signed. If you unpack a large unsigned long and it is of the same size as PHP internally stored values the result will be a negative number even though unsigned unpacking was specified.
unserialize -- ÀúÀå°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠǥÇöµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» PHP °ªÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁØ´Ù.
mixed unserialize
(string str)
unserialize() takes a single serialized variable (see serialize()) and converts it back into a PHP value. The converted value is returned, and can be an integer, double, string, array or object. If an object was serialized, its methods are not preserved in the returned value.
Example 1. Unserialize() example
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usleep -- ½ÇÇàÀ» ¹é¸¸ºÐÀÇ ÀÏÃÊ ´ÜÀ§·Î Áö¿¬½ÃŲ´Ù.
void usleep
(int micro_seconds)The usleep() function delays program execution for the given number of micro_seconds.
See also sleep().
msql -- mSQL ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int msql(string database, string query, int link_identifier);
Returns a positive mSQL result identifier to the query result, or false on error.
msql() selects a database and executes a query on it. If the optional link identifier isn't specified, the function will try to find an open link to the mSQL server and if no such link is found it'll try to create one as if msql_connect() was called with no arguments (see msql_connect()).
msql_affected_rows -- ÃÖ±Ù ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_affected_rows
(int query_identifier);
Returns number of affected ("touched") rows by a specific query (i.e. the number of rows returned by a SELECT, the number of rows modified by an update, or the number of rows removed by a delete).
See also: msql_query()
msql_close -- mSQL connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int msql_close(int link_identifier);
Returns true on success, false on error.
msql_close() closes the link to a mSQL database that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
Note that this isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution.
msql_close() will not close persistent links generated by msql_pconnect().
See also: msql_connect() and msql_pconnect().
msql_connect -- mSQL connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int msql_connect(string hostname);
Returns a positive mSQL link identifier on success, or false on error.
msql_connect() establishes a connection to a mSQL server. The hostname argument is optional, and if it's missing, localhost is assumed.
In case a second call is made to msql_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned.
The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling msql_close().
See also msql_pconnect(), msql_close().
msql_create_db -- mSQL database¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int msql_create_db
(string database name, int [link_identifier] );
msql_create_db() attempts to create a new database on the server associated with the specified link identifier.
See also: msql_drop_db().
msql_createdb -- mSQL database¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int msql_createdb
(string database name, int [link_identifier] );
Identical to msql_create_db().
msql_data_seek -- ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ row pointer¸¦ À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_data_seek(int result_identifier, int row_number);
Returns true on success, false on failure.
msql_data_seek() moves the internal row pointer of the mSQL result associated with the specified result identifier to pointer to the specifyed row number. The next call to msql_fetch_row() would return that row.
See also: msql_fetch_row().
msql_dbname -- ÇöÀç mSQL databaseÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_dbname(string result, int i);
msql_dbname() returns the database name stored in position i of the result pointer returned from the msql_listdbs() function. The msql_numrows() function can be used to determine how many database names are available.
msql_drop_db -- mSQL database¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù.(drop = delete)
int msql_drop_db(string database_name, int link_identifier);
Returns true on success, false on failure.
msql_drop_db() attempts to drop (remove) an entire database from the server associated with the specified link identifier.
See also: msql_create_db().
msql_dropdb -- mSQL database¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù.(drop = delete)
See msql_drop_db().
msql_error -- ¸¶Áö¸· mSQL È£ÃâÀÇ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_error( );
Errors coming back from the mSQL database backend no longer issue warnings. Instead, use these functions to retrieve the error string.
msql_fetch_array -- row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int msql_fetch_array
(int query_identifier, int [result_type] );
Returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
msql_fetch_array() is an extended version of msql_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, it also stores the data in associative indices, using the field names as keys.
The second optional argument result_type in msql_fetch_array() is a constant and can take the following values: MSQL_ASSOC, MSQL_NUM, and MYSQL_BOTH.
Be careful if you are retrieving results from a query that may return a record that contains only one field that has a value of 0 (or an empty string, or NULL).
An important thing to note is that using msql_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using msql_fetch_row(), while it provides a significant added value.
For further details, also see msql_fetch_row()
msql_fetch_field -- Çʵå Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
object msql_fetch_field
(int query_identifier, int field_offset);
Returns an object containing field information
msql_fetch_field() can be used in order to obtain information about fields in a certain query result. If the field offset isn't specified, the next field that wasn't yet retreived by msql_fetch_field() is retreived.
The properties of the object are:
name - column name
table - name of the table the column belongs to
not_null - 1 if the column cannot be null
primary_key - 1 if the column is a primary key
unique - 1 if the column is a unique key
type - the type of the column
See also msql_field_seek().
msql_fetch_object -- row¸¦ °´Ã¼(Object)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int msql_fetch_object
(int query_identifier, int [result_type] );
Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
msql_fetch_object() is similar to msql_fetch_array(), with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
The optional second argument result_type in msql_fetch_array() is a constant and can take the following values: MSQL_ASSOC, MSQL_NUM, and MSQL_BOTH.
Speed-wise, the function is identical to msql_fetch_array(), and almost as quick as msql_fetch_row() (the difference is insignificant).
See also: msql_fetch_array() and msql_fetch_row().
msql_fetch_row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array msql_fetch_row
(int query_identifier);
Returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
msql_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to msql_fetch_row() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
See also: msql_fetch_array(), msql_fetch_object(), msql_data_seek(), and msql_result().
msql_fieldname -- Çʵå À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_fieldname
(int query_identifier, int field);
msql_fieldname() returns the name of the specified field. query_identifier is the query identifier, and field is the field index. msql_fieldname($result, 2); will return the name of the second field in the result associated with the result identifier.
msql_field_seek -- ÇʵåÀÇ offsetÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_field_seek
(int query_identifier, int field_offset);
Seeks to the specified field offset. If the next call to msql_fetch_field() won't include a field offset, this field would be returned.
See also: msql_fetch_field().
msql_fieldtable -- ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 °¡Á® ¿Â Table À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_fieldtable(int result, int field);
Returns the name of the table field was fetched from.
msql_fieldtype -- Çʵå typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_fieldtype
(int query_identifier, int i);
msql_fieldtype() is similar to the msql_fieldname() function. The arguments are identical, but the field type is returned. This will be one of "int", "string" or "real".
msql_fieldflags -- Çʵå flag¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_fieldflags
(int query_identifier, int i);
msql_fieldflags() returns the field flags of the specified field. Currently this is either, "not null", "primary key", a combination of the two or "" (an empty string).
msql_fieldlen -- ÇÊµå ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_fieldlen
(int query_identifier, int i);
msql_fieldlen() returns the length of the specified field.
msql_free_result -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int msql_free_result
(int query_identifier);
msql_free_result() frees the memory associated with query_identifier. When PHP completes a request, this memory is freed automatically, so you only need to call this function when you want to make sure you don't use too much memory while the script is running.
msql_freeresult -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
msql_list_fields -- result fieldµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_list_fields(string database, string tablename);
msql_list_fields() retrieves information about the given tablename. Arguments are the database name and the table name. A result pointer is returned which can be used with msql_fieldflags(), msql_fieldlen(), msql_fieldname(), and msql_fieldtype(). A query identifier is a positive integer. The function returns -1 if a error occurs. A string describing the error will be placed in $phperrmsg, and unless the function was called as @msql_list_fields() then this error string will also be printed out.
See also msql_error().
msql_listfields -- result fieldµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
See msql_list_fields().
msql_list_dbs -- serverÀÇ mSQL databaseµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_list_dbs(void);
msql_list_dbs() will return a result pointer containing the databases available from the current msql daemon. Use the msql_dbname() function to traverse this result pointer.
msql_listdbs -- serverÀÇ mSQL databaseµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
See msql_list_dbs().
msql_list_tables -- mSQL databaseÀÇ tableµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_list_tables(string database);
msql_list_tables() takes a database name and result pointer much like the msql() function. The msql_tablename() function should be used to extract the actual table names from the result pointer.
msql_listtables -- mSQL databaseÀÇ tableµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
See msql_list_tables().
msql_num_fields -- resultÀÇ field °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_num_fields(int result);
msql_num_fields() returns the number of fields in a result set.
See also: msql(), msql_query(), msql_fetch_field(), and msql_num_rows().
msql_num_rows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_num_rows(string result);
msql_num_rows() returns the number of rows in a result set.
See also: msql(), msql_query(), and msql_fetch_row().
msql_numfields -- resultÀÇ field °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_numfields(void);
Identical to msql_num_fields().
msql_numrows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_numrows(void);
Identical to msql_num_rows().
msql_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ mSQL Á¢¼ÓÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int msql_pconnect(string hostname);
Returns a positive mSQL persistent link identifier on success, or false on error.
msql_pconnect() acts very much like msql_connect() with two major differences.
First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.
Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (msql_close() will not close links established by msql_pconnect()).
This type of links is therefore called 'persistent'.
msql_query -- mSQL ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_query(string query, int link_identifier);
msql_query() sends a query to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function tries to establish a link as if msql_connect() was called, and use it.
Returns a positive mSQL result identifier on success, or false on error.
See also: msql(), msql_select_db(), and msql_connect().
msql_regcase -- Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä(regular expression)À» ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
See sql_regcase().
msql_result -- result data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_result
(int query_identifier, int i, mixed field);
Returns the contents of the cell at the row and offset in the specified mSQL result set.
msql_result() returns the contents of one cell from a mSQL result set. The field argument can be the field's offset, or the field's name, or the field's table dot field's name (fieldname.tablename). If the column name has been aliased ('select foo as bar from...'), use the alias instead of the column name.
When working on large result sets, you should consider using one of the functions that fetch an entire row (specified below). As these functions return the contents of multiple cells in one function call, they're MUCH quicker than msql_result(). Also, note that specifying a numeric offset for the field argument is much quicker than specifying a fieldname or tablename.fieldname argument.
Recommended high-performance alternatives: msql_fetch_row(), msql_fetch_array(), and msql_fetch_object().
msql_select_db -- mSQL database¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
int msql_select_db(string database_name, int link_identifier);
Returns true on success, false on error.
msql_select_db() sets the current active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If no link identifier is specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function will try to establish a link as if msql_connect() was called, and use it.
Every subsequent call to msql_query() will be made on the active database.
See also: msql_connect(), msql_pconnect(), and msql_query().
msql_selectdb -- mSQL database¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
See msql_select_db().
msql_tablename -- ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 °¡Á® ¿Â Table À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string msql_tablename
(int query_identifier, int field);
msql_tablename() takes a result pointer returned by the msql_list_tables() function as well as an integer index and returns the name of a table. The msql_numrows() function may be used to determine the number of tables in the result pointer.
Example 1. Msql_tablename() example
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mysql_affected_rows -- ÃÖ±Ù ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_affected_rows
(int [link_identifier] );
mysql_affected_rows() returns the number of rows affected by the last INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE query on the server associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
If the last query was a DELETE query with no WHERE clause, all of the records will have been deleted from the table but this function will return zero.
This command is not effective for SELECT statements, only on statements which modify records. To retrieve the number of rows returned from a SELECT, use mysql_num_rows().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13)
mysql_change_user -- ÇöÀç È°¼ºÈ µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ¿¬°á¿¡ LOGINµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.int mysql_change_user
(string user, string password [, string database [, int link_identifier]])
mysql_change_user() changes the logged in user on the current active connection, or, if specified on the connection given by the link identifier. If a database is specified, this will default or current database after the user has been changed. If the new user/password combination fails to be authorized the current connected user stays active.
Note: This function was introduced in PHP 3.0.13 and requires MySQL 3.23.3 or higher.
mysql_close -- MySQL connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int mysql_close
(int [link_identifier] );
Returns: true on success, false on error
mysql_close() closes the link to a MySQL database that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
Note that this isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution.
mysql_close() will not close persistent links generated by mysql_pconnect().
See also: mysql_connect(), and mysql_pconnect().
mysql_connect -- MySQL server connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int mysql_connect
(string [hostname [:port] [:/path/to/socket] ] , string [username] , string [password] );
Returns: A positive MySQL link identifier on success, or false on error.
mysql_connect() establishes a connection to a MySQL server. All of the arguments are optional, and if they're missing, defaults are assumed ('localhost', user name of the user that owns the server process, empty password).
The hostname string can also include a port number. eg. "hostname:port" or a path to a socket eg. ":/path/to/socket" for the localhost.
Note: Support for ":port" wass added in 3.0B4.
Support for the ":/path/to/socket" was added in 3.0.10.
In case a second call is made to mysql_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned.
The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling mysql_close().
See also mysql_pconnect(), and mysql_close().
mysql_create_db -- MySQL database¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int mysql_create_db
(string database name, int [link_identifier] );
mysql_create_db() attempts to create a new database on the server associated with the specified link identifier.
See also: mysql_drop_db(). For downwards compatibility mysql_createdb() can also be used.
mysql_data_seek -- internal row pointer¸¦ ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int mysql_data_seek(int result_identifier, int row_number);
Returns: true on success, false on failure
mysql_data_seek() moves the internal row pointer of the MySQL result associated with the specified result identifier to point to the specified row number. The next call to mysql_fetch_row() would return that row.
mysql_db_query -- MySQL ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_db_query(string database, string query, int [link_identifier]);
Returns: A positive MySQL result identifier to the query result, or false on error.
mysql_db_query() selects a database and executes a query on it. If the optional link identifier isn't specified, the function will try to find an open link to the MySQL server and if no such link is found it'll try to create one as if mysql_connect() was called with no arguments
See also mysql_connect(). For downwards compatibility mysql() can also be used.
mysql_drop_db -- MySQL database¸¦ ¹ö¸°´Ù.(drop = delete)
int mysql_drop_db
(string database_name, int [link_identifier] );
Returns: true on success, false on failure.
mysql_drop_db() attempts to drop (remove) an entire database from the server associated with the specified link identifier.
See also: mysql_create_db(). For downward compatibility mysql_dropdb() can also be used.
mysql_errno -- ¸¶Áö¸· MySQL È£ÃâÀÇ ¿¡·¯ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_errno
(int [link_identifier] );
Errors coming back from the mySQL database backend no longer issue warnings. Instead, use these functions to retrieve the error number.
<?php mysql_connect("marliesle"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; mysql_select_db("nonexistentdb"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; $conn = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM nonexistenttable"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; ?>
See also: mysql_error()
mysql_error -- ¸¶Áö¸· MySQL È£ÃâÀÇ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_error
(int [link_identifier] );
Errors coming back from the mySQL database backend no longer issue warnings. Instead, use these functions to retrieve the error string.
<?php mysql_connect("marliesle"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; mysql_select_db("nonexistentdb"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; $conn = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM nonexistenttable"); echo mysql_errno().": ".mysql_error()."<BR>"; ?>
See also: mysql_errno()
mysql_fetch_array -- row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array mysql_fetch_array
(int result, int [result_type] );
Returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
mysql_fetch_array() is an extended version of mysql_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, it also stores the data in associative indices, using the field names as keys.
If two or more columns of the result have the same field names, the last column will take precedence. To access the other column(s) of the same name, you must the numeric index of the column or make an alias for the column.
select t1.f1 as foo t2.f1 as bar from t1, t2
An important thing to note is that using mysql_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using mysql_fetch_row(), while it provides a significant added value.
The optional second argument result_type in mysql_fetch_array() is a constant and can take the following values: MYSQL_ASSOC, MYSQL_NUM, and MYSQL_BOTH.
For further details, also see mysql_fetch_row()
Example 1. mysql fetch array <?php mysql_connect($host,$user,$password); $result = mysql_db_query("database","select * from table"); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo $row["user_id"]; echo $row["fullname"]; } mysql_free_result($result); ?> |
mysql_fetch_field -- Çʵå Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
object mysql_fetch_field
(int result, int [field_offset] );
Returns an object containing field information.
mysql_fetch_field() can be used in order to obtain information about fields in a certain query result. If the field offset isn't specified, the next field that wasn't yet retreived by mysql_fetch_field() is retreived.
The properties of the object are:
name - column name
table - name of the table the column belongs to
max_length - maximum length of the column
not_null - 1 if the column cannot be null
primary_key - 1 if the column is a primary key
unique_key - 1 if the column is a unique key
multiple_key - 1 if the column is a non-unique key
numeric - 1 if the column is numeric
blob - 1 it the column is a BLOB
type - the type of the column
unsigned - 1 if the column is unsigned
zerofill - 1 if the column is zero-filled
See also mysql_field_seek()
mysql_fetch_lengths -- output columnÀÇ ÃÖ´ë data ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_fetch_lengths(int result);
Returns: An array that corresponds to the lengths of each field in the last row fetched by mysql_fetch_row(), or false on error.
mysql_fetch_lengths() stores the lengths of each result column in the last row returned by mysql_fetch_row() in an array, starting at offset 0.
See also: mysql_fetch_row().
mysql_fetch_object -- row¸¦ °´Ã¼(Object)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
object mysql_fetch_object
(int result, int [result_type]);
Returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
mysql_fetch_object() is similar to mysql_fetch_array(), with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
The optional argument result_typ is a constant and can take the following values: MYSQL_ASSOC, MYSQL_NUM, and MYSQL_BOTH.
Speed-wise, the function is identical to mysql_fetch_array(), and almost as quick as mysql_fetch_row() (the difference is insignificant).
Example 1. mysql fetch object <?php mysql_connect($host,$user,$password); $result = mysql_db_query("database","select * from table"); while($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) { echo $row->user_id; echo $row->fullname; } mysql_free_result($result); ?> |
See also: mysql_fetch_array() and mysql_fetch_row().
mysql_fetch_row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array mysql_fetch_row(int result);
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
mysql_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to mysql_fetch_row() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
See also: mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_object(), mysql_data_seek(), mysql_fetch_lengths(), and mysql_result().
mysql_field_name -- Çʵå À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_field_name
(int result, int field_index);
mysql_field_name() returns the name of the specified field. Arguments to the function is the result identifier and the field index, ie. mysql_field_name($result,2);
Will return the name of the second field in the result associated with the result identifier.
For downwards compatibility mysql_fieldname() can also be used.
mysql_field_seek -- ÇʵåÀÇ offsetÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_field_seek(int result, int field_offset);
Seeks to the specified field offset. If the next call to mysql_fetch_field() won't include a field offset, this field would be returned.
See also: mysql_fetch_field().
mysql_field_table -- ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 °¡Á® ¿Â Table À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_field_table(int result, int field_offset);
Get the table name for field. For downward compatibility mysql_fieldtable() can also be used.
mysql_field_type -- Çʵå typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_field_type
(int result, int field_offset);
mysql_field_type() is similar to the mysql_field_name() function. The arguments are identical, but the field type is returned. This will be one of "int", "real", "string", "blob", or others as detailed in the MySQL documentation.
Example 1. mysql field types <?php mysql_connect("localhost:3306"); mysql_select_db("wisconsin"); $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM onek"); $fields = mysql_num_fields($result); $rows = mysql_num_rows($result); $i = 0; $table = mysql_field_table($result, $i); echo "Your '".$table."' table has ".$fields." fields and ".$rows." records <BR>"; echo "The table has the following fields <BR>"; while ($i < $fields) { $type = mysql_field_type ($result, $i); $name = mysql_field_name ($result, $i); $len = mysql_field_len ($result, $i); $flags = mysql_field_flags ($result, $i); echo $type." ".$name." ".$len." ".$flags."<BR>"; $i++; } mysql_close(); ?> |
For downward compatibility mysql_fieldtype() can also be used.
mysql_field_flags -- Çʵå flag¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_field_flags
(string result, int field_offset);
mysql_field_flags() returns the field flags of the specified field. The flags are reported as a single word per flag separated by a single space, so that you can split the returned value using explode().
The following flags are reported, if your version of MySQL is current enough to support them: "not_null", "primary_key", "unique_key", "multiple_key", "blob", "unsigned", "zerofill", "binary", "enum", "auto_increment", "timestamp".
For downward compatibility mysql_fieldflags() can also be used.
mysql_field_len -- ÇÊµå ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_field_len(string result, int field_offset);
mysql_field_len() returns the length of the specified field. For downward compatibility mysql_fieldlen() can also be used.
mysql_free_result -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int mysql_free_result(int result);
mysql_free_result() only needs to be called if you are worried about using too much memory while your script is running. All associated result memory for the specified result identifier will automatically be freed.
For downward compatibility mysql_freeresult() can also be used.
mysql_insert_id -- ÃÖ±Ù INSERT¿¡¼ ¸¸µé¾îÁø id (generated id)¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_insert_id
(int [link_identifier]);
mysql_insert_id() returns the ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENTED field. This function takes no arguments. It will return the auto-generated ID returned by the last INSERT query performed.
mysql_list_fields -- result fieldµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_list_fields
(string database_name, string table_name, int [link_identifier] );
mysql_list_fields() retrieves information about the given tablename. Arguments are the database name and the table name. A result pointer is returned which can be used with mysql_field_flags(), mysql_field_len(), mysql_field_name(), and mysql_field_type().
A result identifier is a positive integer. The function returns -1 if a error occurs. A string describing the error will be placed in $phperrmsg, and unless the function was called as @mysql() then this error string will also be printed out.
For downward compatibility mysql_listfields() can also be used.
mysql_list_dbs -- serverÀÇ MySQL databaseµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_list_dbs
(int [link_identifier] );
mysql_list_dbs() will return a result pointer containing the databases available from the current mysql daemon. Use the mysql_tablename() function to traverse this result pointer.
For downward compatibility mysql_listdbs() can also be used.
mysql_list_tables -- MySQL databaseÀÇ tableµéÀ» ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_list_tables
(string database, int [link_identifier] );
mysql_list_tables() takes a database name and result pointer much like the mysql_db_query() function. The mysql_tablename() function should be used to extract the actual table names from the result pointer.
For downward compatibility mysql_listtables() can also be used.
mysql_num_fields -- resultÀÇ field °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_num_fields(int result);
mysql_num_fields() returns the number of fields in a result set.
See also: mysql_db_query(), mysql_query(), mysql_fetch_field(), mysql_num_rows().
For downward compatibility mysql_numfields() can also be used.
mysql_num_rows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_num_rows
(int result);
mysql_num_rows() returns the number of rows in a result set.
See also: mysql_db_query(), mysql_query() and, mysql_fetch_row().
For downward compatibility mysql_numrows() can also be used.
mysql_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ MySQL Á¢¼ÓÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int mysql_pconnect
(string [hostname [:port] [:/path/to/socket] ] , string [username] , string [password] );
Returns: A positive MySQL persistent link identifier on success, or false on error
mysql_pconnect() establishes a connection to a MySQL server. All of the arguments are optional, and if they're missing, defaults are assumed ('localhost', user name of the user that owns the server process, empty password).
The hostname string can also include a port number. eg. "hostname:port" or a path to a socket eg. ":/path/to/socket" for the localhost.
Note: Support for ":port" was added in 3.0B4.
Support for the ":/path/to/socket" was added in 3.0.10.
mysql_pconnect() acts very much like mysql_connect() with two major differences.
First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.
Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (mysql_close() will not close links established by mysql_pconnect()).
This type of links is therefore called 'persistent'.
mysql_query -- MySQL ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_query
(string query, int [link_identifier] );
mysql_query() sends a query to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If link_identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function tries to establish a link as if mysql_connect() was called with no arguments, and use it.
The query string should not end with a semicolon.
mysql_query() returns TRUE (non-zero) or FALSE to indicate whether or not the query succeeded. A return value of TRUE means that the query was legal and could be executed by the server. It does not indicate anything about the number of rows affected or returned. It is perfectly possible for a query to succeed but affect no rows or return no rows.
The following query is syntactically invalid, so mysql_query() fails and returns FALSE:
Example 1. mysql_query() <?php $result = mysql_query ("SELECT * WHERE 1=1") or die ("Invalid query"); ?> |
The following query is semantically invalid if my_col is not a column in the table my_tbl, so mysql_query() fails and returns FALSE:
Example 2. mysql_query() <?php $result = mysql_query ("SELECT my_col FROM my_tbl") or die ("Invalid query"); ?> |
mysql_query() will also fail and return FALSE if you don't have permission to access the table(s) referenced by the query.
Assuming the query succeeds, you can call mysql_affected_rows() to find out how many rows were affected (for DELETE, INSERT, REPLACE, or UPDATE statements). For SELECT statements, mysql_query() returns a new result identifier that you can pass to mysql_result(). When you are done with the result set, you can free the resources associated with it by calling mysql_free_result().
See also: mysql_affected_rows(), mysql_db_query(), mysql_free_result(), mysql_result(), mysql_select_db(), and mysql_connect().
mysql_result -- result data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_result
(int result, int row, mixed [field] );
mysql_result() returns the contents of one cell from a MySQL result set. The field argument can be the field's offset, or the field's name, or the field's table dot field's name (fieldname.tablename). If the column name has been aliased ('select foo as bar from...'), use the alias instead of the column name.
When working on large result sets, you should consider using one of the functions that fetch an entire row (specified below). As these functions return the contents of multiple cells in one function call, they're MUCH quicker than mysql_result(). Also, note that specifying a numeric offset for the field argument is much quicker than specifying a fieldname or tablename.fieldname argument.
Calls mysql_result() should not be mixed with calls to other functions that deal with the result set.
Recommended high-performance alternatives: mysql_fetch_row(), mysql_fetch_array(), and mysql_fetch_object().
mysql_select_db -- MySQL database¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
int mysql_select_db
(string database_name, int [link_identifier] );
Returns: true on success, false on error
mysql_select_db() sets the current active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If no link identifier is specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function will try to establish a link as if mysql_connect() was called, and use it.
Every subsequent call to mysql_query() will be made on the active database.
See also: mysql_connect(), mysql_pconnect(), and mysql_query()
For downward compatibility mysql_selectdb() can also be used.
mysql_tablename -- ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 °¡Á® ¿Â Table À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string mysql_tablename(int result, int i);
mysql_tablename() takes a result pointer returned by the mysql_list_tables() function as well as an integer index and returns the name of a table. The mysql_num_rows() function may be used to determine the number of tables in the result pointer.
Example 1. mysql_tablename() example <?php mysql_connect ("localhost:3306"); $result = mysql_listtables ("wisconsin"); $i = 0; while ($i < mysql_num_rows ($result)) { $tb_names[$i] = mysql_tablename ($result, $i); echo $tb_names[$i] . "<BR>"; $i++; } ?> |
checkdnsrr -- ÁÖ¾îÁø Internet host name or IP address¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â DNS recordµéÀ» °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù .
int checkdnsrr
(string host [,
string type])Searches DNS for records of type type corresponding to host. Returns true if any records are found; returns false if no records were found or if an error occurred.
type may be any one of: A, MX, NS, SOA, PTR, CNAME, or ANY. The default is MX.
host may either be the IP address in dotted-quad notation or the host name.
See also getmxrr(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), gethostbynamel(), and the named(8) manual page.
closelog -- system logger·ÎÀÇ connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int closelog
(void);closelog() closes the descriptor being used to write to the system logger. The use of closelog() is optional.
debugger_on -- ³»ÀåµÈ PHP debugger¸¦ enable ÇÑ´Ù.
void debugger_on
(string address);Enables the internal PHP debugger, connecting it to address. The debugger is still under development.
debugger_off -- ³»ÀåµÈ PHP debugger¸¦ disable ÇÑ´Ù.
void debugger_off
(string address);Disables the internal PHP debugger. The debugger is still under development.
fsockopen -- InternetÀ̳ª Unix domainÀÇ socket connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int fsockopen
(string hostname,
int port [, int errno [, string errstr [, double timeout]]])Initiates a stream connection in the Internet (AF_INET) or Unix (AF_UNIX) domain. For the Internet domain, it will open a TCP socket connection to hostname on port port. For the Unix domain, hostname will be used as the path to the socket, port must be set to 0 in this case. The optional timeout can be used to set a timeout in seconds for the connect system call.
fsockopen() returns a file pointer which may be used together with the other file functions (such as fgets(), fgetss(), fputs(), fclose(), feof()).
If the call fails, it will return false and if the optional errno and errstr arguments are present they will be set to indicate the actual system level error that occurred on the system-level connect() call. If the returned errno is 0 and the function returned false, it is an indication that the error occurred before the connect() call. This is most likely due to a problem initializing the socket. Note that the errno and errstr arguments must be passed by reference.
Depending on the environment, the Unix domain or the optional connect timeout may not be available.
The socket will by default be opened in blocking mode. You can switch it to non-blocking mode by using set_socket_blocking().
Example 1. Fsockopen() Example
|
See also: pfsockopen()
gethostbyaddr -- ÁÖ¾îÁø IP address¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Internet host nameÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string gethostbyaddr
(string ip_address)
Returns the host name of the Internet host specified by ip_address. If an error occurs, returns ip_address.
See also gethostbyname().
gethostbyname -- ÁÖ¾îÁø Internet host name¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â IP address¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string gethostbyname
(string hostname)
Returns the IP address of the Internet host specified by hostname.
See also gethostbyaddr().
gethostbynamel -- ÁÖ¾îÁø Internet host name¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â IP addresseµéÀÇ list¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
array gethostbynamel
(string hostname)
Returns a list of IP addresses to which the Internet host specified by hostname resolves.
See also gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), checkdnsrr(), getmxrr(), and the named(8) manual page.
getmxrr -- ÁÖ¾îÁø Internet host name¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â MX recordµéÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int getmxrr
(string
hostname, array mxhosts [, array weight])
Searches DNS for MX records corresponding to hostname. Returns true if any records are found; returns false if no records were found or if an error occurred.
A list of the MX records found is placed into the array mxhosts. If the weight array is given, it will be filled with the weight information gathered.
See also checkdnsrr(), gethostbyname(), gethostbynamel(), gethostbyaddr(), and the named(8) manual page.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
getprotobyname -- ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ À̸§¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.Get protocol number associated with protocol name
int getprotobyname
(string name)
Getprotobyname() returns the protocol number associated with the protocol name as per /etc/protocols.
See also: getprotobynumber().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
getprotobynumber -- ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¹øÈ£¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.string getprotobynumber
(int number)
Getprotobynumber() returns the protocol name associated with protocol number as per /etc/protocols.
See also: getprotobyname().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
getservbyname -- ÁÖ¾îÁø ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼ºñ½º¿Í ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Æ÷Æ® ¹øÈ£¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.int getservbyname
(string service, string protocol)
Getservbyname() returns the Internet port which corresponds to service for the specified protocol as per /etc/services. protocol is either TCP or UDP.
See also: getservbyport().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
getservbyport -- ÁÖ¾îÁø Æ÷Æ®¿Í ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.Get Internet service which corresponds to port and protocol
string getservbyport
(int port, string protocol)
Getservbyport() returns the Internet service associated with port for the specified protocol as per /etc/services. protocol is either TCP or UDP.
See also: getservbyname().
openlog -- system logger·ÎÀÇ connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int openlog
(string ident, int
option, int facility)openlog() opens a connection to the system logger for a program. The string ident is added to each message. Values for option and facility are given in the next section. The use of openlog() is optional; It will automatically be called by syslog() if necessary, in which case ident will default to false. See also syslog() and closelog().
pfsockopen -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ(persistent) InternetÀ̳ª Unix domainÀÇ socket ¿¬°áÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int pfsockopen
(string
hostname, int port [, int errno [, string errstr [, int timeout]]])ut]);This function behaves exactly as fsockopen() with the difference that the connection is not closed after the script finishes. It is the persistent version of fsockopen().
set_socket_blocking -- ¼ÒÄÏÀÇ blocking/non-blocking ¸ðµå¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int set_socket_blocking
(int
socket descriptor, int mode)If mode is false, the given socket descriptor will be switched to non-blocking mode, and if true, it will be switched to blocking mode. This affects calls like fgets() that read from the socket. In non-blocking mode an fgets() call will always return right away while in blocking mode it will wait for data to become available on the socket.
syslog -- system log message¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int syslog
(int
priority, string message)
Syslog() generates a log message that will be distributed by the system logger. priority is a combination of the facility and the level, values for which are given in the next section. The remaining argument is the message to send, except that the two characters %m will be replaced by the error message string (strerror) corresponding to the present value of errno.
More information on the syslog facilities can be found in the man pages for syslog on Unix machines.
On Windows NT, the syslog service is emulated using the Event Log
NIS(°ú°Å¿¡´Â Yellow Pages¶ó ºÒ·È´Ù.)´Â password ÆÄÀÏ °°Àº Áß¿äÇÑ °ü¸® ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ³×Æ®¿÷»ó¿¡¼ °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. NIS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â NIS manpage¿Í Introduction to YP/NIS¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¸µµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù. Hal SternÀÌ ¾´ Managing NFS and NIS¶ó´Â Ã¥µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ·Á¸é --with-yp ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í PHP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
yp_get_default_domain -- ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ µðÆúÆ® NIS µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int yp_get_default_domain
(void )
yp_get_default_domain() returns the default domain of the node or FALSE. Can be used as the domain parameter for successive NIS calls.
A NIS domain can be described a group of NIS maps. Every host that needs to look up information binds itself to a certain domain. Refer to the documents mentioned at the beginning for more detailed information.
Example 1. Example for the default domain
|
yp_order -- map¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ø¼ ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int yp_order
(string
domain, string map)
yp_order() returns the order number for a map or FALSE.
Example 1. Example for the NIS order
|
See also: yp_get_default_domain
yp_master -- map¿¡¼ÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍ NIS ¼¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string yp_master
(string
domain, string map)
yp_master() returns the machine name of the master NIS server for a map.
Example 1. Example for the NIS master
|
See also: yp_get_default_domain
yp_match -- ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string yp_match
(string
domain, string map, string key)
yp_match() returns the value associated with the passed key out of the specified map or FALSE. This key must be exact.
Example 1. Example for NIS match
|
In this case this could be: joe:##joe:11111:100:Joe User:/home/j/joe:/usr/local/bin/bash
See also: yp_get_default_domain
yp_first -- ÁÖ¾îÁø map¿¡¼ ù ¹ø° key-value ½ÖÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string[] yp_first
(string domain, string map)
yp_first() returns the first key-value pair from the named map in the named domain, otherwise FALSE.
Example 1. Example for the NIS first
|
See also: yp_get_default_domain
yp_next -- ÁÖ¾îÁø map¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½ key-value ½ÖÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string[] yp_next
(string
domain, string map, string key)
yp_next() returns the next key-value pair in the named map after the specified key or FALSE.
Example 1. Example for NIS next
|
See also: yp_get_default_domain
yp_errno -- ÀÌÀü ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¡·¯ Äڵ带 ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int yp_errno
();
yp_errno() returns the error code of the previous operation.
Possible errors are:
1 args to function are bad |
2 RPC failure - domain has been unbound |
3 can't bind to server on this domain |
4 no such map in server's domain |
5 no such key in map |
6 internal yp server or client error |
7 resource allocation failure |
8 no more records in map database |
9 can't communicate with portmapper |
10 can't communicate with ypbind |
11 can't communicate with ypserv |
12 local domain name not set |
13 yp database is bad |
14 yp version mismatch |
15 access violation |
16 database busy |
See also: yp_err_string
yp_err_string -- ÀÌÀü ÀÛ¾÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿¡·¯ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string yp_err_string
(void );
yp_err_string() returns the error message associated with the previous operation. Useful to indicate what exactly went wrong.
Example 1. Example for NIS errors <?php echo "Error: " . yp_err_string(); ?> |
See also: yp_errno
odbc_autocommit -- autocommit ±â´ÉÀ» ÄÑ°í, ²ö´Ù.
int odbc_autocommit
(int
connection_id [, int OnOff])Without the OnOff parameter, this function returns auto-commit status for connection_id. True is returned if auto-commit is on, false if it is off or an error occurs.
If OnOff is true, auto-commit is enabled, if it is false auto-commit is disabled. Returns true on success, false on failure.
By default, auto-commit is on for a connection. Disabling auto-commit is equivalent with starting a transaction.
See also odbc_commit() and odbc_rollback().
odbc_binmode -- binary column data¸¦ ´Ù·é´Ù.
int odbc_binmode
(int result_id, int mode);
(ODBC SQL types affected: BINARY, VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY)
When binary SQL data is converted to character C data, each byte (8 bits) of source data is represented as two ASCII characters. These characters are the ASCII character representation of the number in its hexadecimal form. For example, a binary 00000001 is converted to "01" and a binary 11111111 is converted to "FF".
Table 1. LONGVARBINARY handling
binmode |
longreadlen |
result |
---|---|---|
ODBC_BINMODE_PASSTHRU |
0 |
passthru |
ODBC_BINMODE_RETURN |
0 |
passthru |
ODBC_BINMODE_CONVERT |
0 |
passthru |
ODBC_BINMODE_PASSTHRU |
0 |
passthru |
ODBC_BINMODE_PASSTHRU |
>0 |
passthru |
ODBC_BINMODE_RETURN |
>0 |
return as is |
ODBC_BINMODE_CONVERT |
>0 |
return as char |
If odbc_fetch_into() is used, passthru means that an empty string is returned for these columns.
If result_id is 0, the settings apply as default for new results.
Note: Default for longreadlen is 4096 and binmode defaults to ODBC_BINMODE_RETURN. Handling of binary long columns is also affected by odbc_longreadlen()
odbc_close -- ODBC connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void odbc_close
(int
connection_id)odbc_close() will close down the connection to the database server associated with the given connection identifier.
NOTE: This function will fail if there are open transactions on this connection. The connection will remain open in this case.
odbc_close_all -- ¸ðµç ODBC connectionµéÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void odbc_close_all
(void);odbc_close_all() will close down all connections to database server(s).
NOTE: This function will fail if there are open transactions on a connection. This connection will remain open in this case.
odbc_commit -- ODBC transactionÀ» commitÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_commit
(int
connection_id)Returns: true on success, false on failure. All pending transactions on connection_id are committed.
odbc_connect -- datasource¿Í ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_connect
(string dsn, string user, string password[, int cursor_type]);
Returns an ODBC connection id or 0 (false) on error.
The connection id returned by this functions is needed by other ODBC functions. You can have multiple connections open at once. The optional fourth parameter sets the type of cursor to be used for this connection. This parameter is not normally needed, but can be useful for working around problems with some ODBC drivers.
With some ODBC drivers, executing a complex stored procedure may fail with an error similar to: "Cannot open a cursor on a stored procedure that has anything other than a single select statement in it". Using SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC may avoid that error. Also, some drivers don't support the optional row_number parameter in odbc_fetch_row(). SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC might help in that case, too.
The following constants are defined for cursortype:
For persistent connections see odbc_pconnect().
odbc_cursor -- cursornameÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string odbc_cursor
(int
result_id)odbc_cursor will return a cursorname for the given result_id.
odbc_do -- odbc_exec()¿Í °°´Ù.
string odbc_do
(int conn_id, string query);
odbc_do will execute a query on the given connection
odbc_exec -- SQL ¹®ÀåÀ» ÁغñÇÏ°í ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_exec
(int connection_id, string query_string);
Returns false on error. Returns an ODBC result identifier if the SQL command was executed successfully.
odbc_exec() will send an SQL statement to the database server specified by connection_id. This parameter must be a valid identifier returned by odbc_connect() or odbc_pconnect().
See also: odbc_prepare() and odbc_execute() for multiple execution of SQL statements.
odbc_execute -- ½ÇÇàÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÈ ¹®ÀåÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_execute
(int result_id[, array parameters_array]);
Executes a statement prepared with odbc_prepare(). Returns true on successful execution, false otherwise. The array arameters_array only needs to be given if you really have parameters in your statement.
odbc_fetch_into -- ÇÑ°³ÀÇ result row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int odbc_fetch_into
(int
result_id [, int rownumber, array result_array])Returns the number of columns in the result; false on error. result_array must be passed by reference, but it can be of any type since it will be converted to type array. The array will contain the column values starting at array index 0.
odbc_fetch_row -- row¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int odbc_fetch_row
(int result_id[, int row_number]);
If odbc_fetch_row() was succesful (there was a row), true is returned. If there are no more rows, false is returned.
odbc_fetch_row() fetches a row of the data that was returned by odbc_do() / odbc_exec(). After odbc_fetch_row() is called, the fields of that row can be accessed with odbc_result().
If row_number is not specified, odbc_fetch_row() will try to fetch the next row in the result set. Calls to odbc_fetch_row() with and without row_number can be mixed.
To step through the result more than once, you can call odbc_fetch_row() with row_number 1, and then continue doing odbc_fetch_row() without row_number to review the result. If a driver doesn't support fetching rows by number, the row_number parameter is ignored.
odbc_field_name -- columnnameÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string odbc_fieldname
(int result_id, int field_number);
odbc_field_name() will return the name of the field occupying the given column number in the given ODBC result identifier. Field numbering starts at 1. false is returned on error.
odbc_field_type -- fieldÀÇ datatypeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string odbc_field_type
(int result_id, mixed field);
odbc_field_type() will return the SQL type of the field referecend by name or number in the given ODBC result identifier. Field numbering runs from 1.
odbc_field_len -- fieldÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_field_len
(int result_id, int field_number);
odbc_field_len() will return the length of the field referecend by number in the given ODBC result identifier. Field numbering starts at 1.
(PHP4 >= 4.0.0)
odbc_field_precision -- odbc_field_len()°ú °°´Ù.string odbc_field_precision
(int result_id, int field_number)
odbc_field_precision() will return the precision of the field referecend by number in the given ODBC result identifier.
See also: odbc_field_scale() to get the scale of a floating point number
(PHP4 >= 4.0.0)
odbc_field_scale -- ÇʵåÀÇ ½ºÄÉÀÏ(scale)À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.string odbc_field_scale
(int result_id, int field_number)
odbc_field_precision() will return the scale of the field referecend by number in the given ODBC result identifier.
odbc_free_result -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ result¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ resource¸¦ ÇØÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_free_result
(int
result_id)Always returns true.
odbc_free_result() only needs to be called if you are worried about using too much memory while your script is running. All result memory will automatically be freed when the script is finished. But, if you are sure you are not going to need the result data anymore in a script, you may call odbc_free_result(), and the memory associated with result_id will be freed.
NOTE: If auto-commit is disabled (see odbc_autocommit()) and you call odbc_free_result() before commiting, all pending transactions are rolled back.
odbc_longreadlen -- LONG columnµéÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.
int odbc_longreadlen
(int
result_id, int length)(ODBC SQL types affected: LONG, LONGVARBINARY) The number of bytes returned to PHP is controled by the parameter length. If it is set to 0, Long column data is passed thru to the client.
NOTE: Handling of LONGVARBINARY columns is also affected by odbc_binmode()
odbc_num_fields -- resultÀÇ column °³¼ö
int odbc_num_fields
(int
result_id)odbc_num_fields() will return the number of fields (columns) in an ODBC result. This function will return -1 on error. The argument is a valid result identifier returned by odbc_exec().
odbc_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ database connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int odbc_pconnect
(string dsn,
string user, string password [, int cursor_type])Returns an ODBC connection id or 0 (false) on error. This function is much like odbc_connect(), except that the connection is not really closed when the script has finished. Future requests for a connection with the same dsn, user, password combination (via odbc_connect() and odbc_pconnect()) can reuse the persistent connection.
Note: Persistent connections have no effect if PHP is used as a CGI program.
For information about the optional cursor_type parameter see the odbc_connect() function. For more information on persistent connections, refer to the PHP FAQ.
odbc_prepare -- ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¹®ÀåÀ» ÁغñÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_prepare(int connection_id, string query_string);
Returns false on error.
Returns an ODBC result identifier if the SQL command was prepared successfully. The result identifier can be used later to execute the statement with odbc_execute().
odbc_num_rows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö
int odbc_num_rows
(int result_id);
odbc_num_rows() will return the number of rows in an ODBC result. This function will return -1 on error. For INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements odbc_num_rows() returns the number of rows affected. For a SELECT clause this can be the number of rows available.
Note: Using odbc_num_rows() to determine the number of rows available after a SELECT will return -1 with many drivers.
odbc_result -- result data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string odbc_result
(int
result_id, mixed field)Returns the contents of the field.
field can either be an integer containing the column number of the field you want; or it can be a string containing the name of the field. For example:
1 2 $item_3 = odbc_result ($Query_ID, 3); 3 $item_val = odbc_result ($Query_ID, "val"); 4 |
The first call to odbc_result() returns the value of the third field in the current record of the query result. The second function call to odbc_result() returns the value of the field whose field name is "val" in the current record of the query result. An error occurs if a column number parameter for a field is less than one or exceeds the number of columns (or fields) in the current record. Similarly, an error occurs if a field with a name that is not one of the fieldnames of the table(s) that is(are) being queried.
Field indices start from 1. Regarding the way binary or long column data is returned refer to odbc_binmode() and odbc_longreadlen().
odbc_result_all -- result¸¦ HTML table·Î ÀμâÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_result_all
(int
result_id [, string format])Returns the number of rows in the result or false on error.
odbc_result_all() will print all rows from a result identifier produced by odbc_exec(). The result is printed in HTML table format. With the optional string argument format, additional overall table formatting can be done.
odbc_rollback -- transactionÀ» Rollback ÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_rollback
(int connection_id);
Rolls back all pending statements on connection_id. Returns true on success, false on failure.
odbc_setoption -- ODBC ¼³Á¤À» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °æ¿ì false¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÏ°í ¾Æ´Ï¸é true¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int odbc_setoption
(int
id, int function, int option, int param)
This function allows fiddling with the ODBC options for a particular connection or query result. It was written to help find work arounds to problems in quirky ODBC drivers. You should probably only use this function if you are an ODBC programmer and understand the effects the various options will have. You will certainly need a good ODBC reference to explain all the different options and values that can be used. Different driver versions support different options.
Because the effects may vary depending on the ODBC driver, use of this function in scripts to be made publicly available is strongly discouraged. Also, some ODBC options are not available to this function because they must be set before the connection is established or the query is prepared. However, if on a particular job it can make PHP work so your boss doesn't tell you to use a commercial product, that's all that really matters.
ID is a connection id or result id on which to change the settings.For SQLSetConnectOption(), this is a connection id. For SQLSetStmtOption(), this is a result id.
Function is the ODBC function to use. The value should be 1 for SQLSetConnectOption() and 2 for SQLSetStmtOption().
Parameter option is the option to set.
Parameter param is the value for the given option.
Example 1. ODBC Setoption Examples
|
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_tables -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¼Ò½º¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Å×À̺íµéÀÇ À̸§À» ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù. ÇØ´ç Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø result identifier°¡ ¹ÝȯµÈ´Ù.int odbc_tables
(int
connection_id [, string qualifier [, string owner [, string name [, string
types]]]])
Lists all tables in the requested range. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by TABLE_TYPE, TABLE_QUALIFIER, TABLE_OWNER and TABLE_NAME.
The owner and name arguments accept search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
To support enumeration of qualifiers, owners, and table types, the following special semantics for the qualifier, owner, name, and table_type are available:
If table_type is not an empty string, it must contain a list of comma-separated values for the types of interest; each value may be enclosed in single quotes (') or unquoted. For example, "'TABLE','VIEW'" or "TABLE, VIEW". If the data source does not support a specified table type, odbc_tables() does not return any results for that type.
See also odbc_tableprivileges() to retrieve associated privileges.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_tableprivileges -- Å×À̺í°ú, ±× °¢°¢ÀÇ Å×À̺íÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑ(privileges)À» ¸®½ºÆ®ÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_tableprivileges
(int connection_id [, string qualifier [, string owner [, string name]]])
Lists tables in the requested range and the privileges associated with each table. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by TABLE_QUALIFIER, TABLE_OWNER and TABLE_NAME.
The owner and name arguments accept search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_columns -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ Ä÷³µéÀÇ À̸§À» ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù. ÇØ´ç Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø result identifier°¡ ¹ÝȯµÈ´Ù.Lists the column names in specified tables. Returns a result identifier containing the information.
int odbc_columns
(int
connection_id [, string qualifier [, string owner [, string table_name [, string
column_name]]]])
Lists all columns in the requested range. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by TABLE_QUALIFIER, TABLE_OWNER and TABLE_NAME.
The owner, table_name and column_name arguments accept search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
See also odbc_columnprivileges() to retrieve associated privileges.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_columnprivileges -- Ä÷³°ú ±× ±ÇÇÑ(privileges)ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ result identifier¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_columnprivileges
(int connection_id [, string
qualifier [, string owner [, string table_name [, string column_name]]]])
Lists columns and associated privileges for the given table. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by TABLE_QUALIFIER, TABLE_OWNER and TABLE_NAME.
The column_name argument accepts search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_gettypeinfo -- ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¼Ò½º°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ÇüÅÂ(types)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø result identifier¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_gettypeinfo
(int connection_id [, int data_type])
Retrieves information about data types supported by the data source. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure. The optional argument data_type can be used to restrict the information to a single data type.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by DATA_TYPE and TYPE_NAME.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_primarykeys -- ÇØ´ç Å×À̺íÀÇ ÇÁ¶óÀ̸Ӹ® Å°¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â Çʵå À̸§ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ result identifier¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_primarykeys
(int connection_id, string qualifier, string owner, string table)
Returns the column names that comprise the primary key for a table. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_foreignkeys -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ Å×À̺íÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÅ°(foreign keys)ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹ÝȯÇϰųª, ÁöÁ¤µÈ Å×À̺íÀÇ ÁÖÅ°(primary key)¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥Å×À̺íµéÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÅ°(foreign keys)ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_foreignkeys
(int connection_id, string pk_qualifier, string pk_owner, string pk_table,
string fk_qualifier, string fk_owner, string fk_table)
Odbc_foreignkeys() retrieves information about foreign keys. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
If pk_table contains a table name, odbc_foreignkeys() returns a result set containing the primary key of the specified table and all of the foreign keys that refer to it.
If fk_table contains a table name, odbc_foreignkeys() returns a result set containing all of the foreign keys in the specified table and the primary keys (in other tables) to which they refer.
If both pk_table and fk_table contain table names, odbc_foreignkeys() returns the foreign keys in the table specified in fk_table that refer to the primary key of the table specified in pk_table. This should be one key at most.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_procedures -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¼Ò½º¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â proceduresÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù. ¹Ýȯ°ªÀº ÇØ´ç Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áø result identifier ÀÌ´Ù.int odbc_procedures
(int
connection_id [, string qualifier [, string owner [, string name]]])
Lists all procedures in the requested range. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The owner and name arguments accept search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_procedurecolumns -- proceduresÀÇ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_procedurecolumns
(int connection_id [, string
qualifier [, string owner [, string proc [, string column]]]])
Returns the list of input and output parameters, as well as the columns that make up the result set for the specified procedures. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by PROCEDURE_QUALIFIER, PROCEDURE_OWNER, PROCEDURE_NAME and COLUMN_TYPE.
The owner, proc and column arguments accept search patterns ('%' to match zero or more characters and '_' to match a single character).
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_specialcolumns -- Å×À̺íÀÇ ¿(row)À» uniquely identifyÇÏ´Â Ä÷³µéÀ̳ª, transactionÀ¸·Î ÇØ´ç ¿ÀÇ ¾î¶² °ªÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÉ ¶§ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °ªÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â Ä÷³µéÀÇ ÃÖÀûÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_specialcolumns
(int connection_id, int type, string qualifier, string owner, string table, int
scope, int nullable)
When the type argument is SQL_BEST_ROWID, odbc_specialcolumns() returns the column or columns that uniquely identify each row in the table.
When the type argument is SQL_ROWVER, odbc_specialcolumns() returns the optimal column or set of columns that, by retrieving values from the column or columns, allows any row in the specified table to be uniquely identified.
Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by SCOPE.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
odbc_statistics -- ÇØ´ç Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.int odbc_statistics
(int
connection_id, string qualifier, string owner, string table_name, int unique,
int accuracy)
Get statistics about a table and it's indexes. Returns an ODBC result identifier or false on failure.
The result set has the following columns:
The result set is ordered by NON_UNIQUE, TYPE, INDEX_QUALIFIER, INDEX_NAME and SEQ_IN_INDEX.
Ora_Bind -- PHP º¯¼ö¸¦ Oracle ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ·Î bindÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_bind
(int cursor, string PHP variable name, string SQL parameter name, int length, int [type]);
Returns true if the bind succeeds, otherwise false. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
This function binds the named PHP variable with a SQL parameter. The SQL parameter must be in the form ":name". With the optional type parameter, you can define whether the SQL parameter is an in/out (0, default), in (1) or out (2) parameter. As of PHP 3.0.1, you can use the constants ORA_BIND_INOUT, ORA_BIND_IN and ORA_BIND_OUT instead of the numbers.
ora_bind must be called after ora_parse() and before ora_exec(). Input values can be given by assignment to the bound PHP variables, after calling ora_exec() the bound PHP variables contain the output values if available.
1 2 <?php 3 ora_parse($curs, "declare tmp INTEGER; begin tmp := :in; :out := tmp; :x := 7.77; end;"); 4 ora_bind($curs, "result", ":x", $len, 2); 5 ora_bind($curs, "input", ":in", 5, 1); 6 ora_bind($curs, "output", ":out", 5, 2); 7 $input = 765; 8 ora_exec($curs); 9 echo "Result: $result<BR>Out: $output<BR>In: $input"; 10 ?> 11 |
Ora_Close -- Oracle cursor¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int ora_close(int cursor);
Returns true if the close succeeds, otherwise false. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª "wrong parameter count" À̳ª"true"¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª C-APIÀÎ "ora_del_cursor()"´Â ¿ø·¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¹ÝȯÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¹«½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. )
This function closes a data cursor opened with ora_open().
Ora_ColumnName -- Oracle result columnÀÇ À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string Ora_ColumnName(int cursor, int column);
Returns the name of the field/column column on the cursor cursor. The returned name is in all uppercase letters.
Ora_ColumnType -- Oracle result columnÀÇ typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string Ora_ColumnType(int cursor, int column);
Returns the Oracle data type name of the field/column column on the cursor cursor. The returned type will be one of the following:
"VARCHAR2" |
"VARCHAR" |
"CHAR" |
"NUMBER" |
"LONG" |
"LONG RAW" |
"ROWID" |
"DATE" |
"CURSOR" |
Ora_Commit -- Oracle transactionÀ» commit ÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_commit(int conn);
Returns true on success, false on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions. This function commits an Oracle transaction. A transaction is defined as all the changes on a given connection since the last commit/rollback, autocommit was turned off or when the connection was established.
Ora_CommitOff -- automatic commitÀ» disable ÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_commitoff(int conn);
Returns true on success, false on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
This function turns off automatic commit after each ora_exec().
Ora_CommitOn -- automatic commitÀ» enable ÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_commiton(int conn);
This function turns on automatic commit after each ora_exec() on the given connection.
Returns true on success, false on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
Ora_Error -- Oracle error message¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string Ora_Error
(int cursor);
Returns an error message of the form XXX-NNNNN where XXX is where the error comes from and NNNNN identifies the error message.
The cursor parameter can as of PHP 3. 0.6 also be a connection id.
On UNIX versions of Oracle, you can find details about an error message like this: $ oerr ora 00001 00001, 00000, "unique constraint (%s.%s) violated" // *Cause: An update or insert statement attempted to insert a duplicate key // For Trusted ORACLE configured in DBMS MAC mode, you may see // this message if a duplicate entry exists at a different level. // *Action: Either remove the unique restriction or do not insert the key
Ora_ErrorCode -- Oracle error code¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int Ora_ErrorCode(int cursor);
Returns the numeric error code of the last executed statement on the specified cursor.
The cursor parameter can as of PHP 3. 0.6 also be a connection id.
Ora_Exec -- Oracle cursor¿¡ ÀÖ´Â parseµÈ statementÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_exec(int cursor);
Returns true on success, false on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
Ora_Fetch -- cursor¿¡¼ dataÀÇ row¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int ora_fetch(int cursor);
Returns true (a row was fetched) or false (no more rows, or an error occured). If an error occured, details can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions. If there was no error, ora_errorcode() will return 0. Retrieves a row of data from the specified cursor.
Ora_GetColumn -- °¡Á®¿Â row¿¡¼ data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed ora_getcolumn(int cursor, mixed column);
Returns the column data. If an error occurs, False is returned and ora_errorcode() will return a non-zero value. Note, however, that a test for False on the results from this function may be true in cases where there is not error as well (NULL result, empty string, the number 0, the string "0"). Fetches the data for a column or function result.
Ora_Logoff -- Oracle connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int ora_logoff(int connection);
Returns true on success, False on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions. Logs out the user and disconnects from the server.
Ora_Logon -- Oracle connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int ora_logon
(string user, string password);
Establishes a connection between PHP and an Oracle database with the given username and password.
Connections can be made using SQL*Net by supplying the TNS name to user like this:
$conn = Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME", "pass");
If you have character data with non-ASCII characters, you should make sure that NLS_LANG is set in your environment. For server modules, you should set it in the server's environment before starting the server.
Returns a connection index on success, or false on failure. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
Ora_Open -- Oracle cursor¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int ora_open(int connection);
Opens an Oracle cursor associated with connection.
Returns a cursor index or False on failure. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
Ora_Parse -- SQL ¹®ÀåÀ» Çؼ®(parse)ÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_parse(int cursor_ind, string sql_statement, int defer);
This function parses an SQL statement or a PL/SQL block and associates it with the given cursor. Returns 0 on success or -1 on error.
Ora_Rollback -- transactionÀ» Rollback ÇÑ´Ù.
int ora_rollback(int connection);
This function undoes an Oracle transaction. (See ora_commit() for the definition of a transaction.)
Returns true on success, false on error. Details about the error can be retrieved using the ora_error() and ora_errorcode() functions.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ È¯°æº¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. :
ÀÌ º¯¼ö °ªµéÀº database¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© sqlplus¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î loginÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. UNIX shell¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. :
prompt> echo $ORACLE_HOME /opt/oracle/oracle/8.0.3 prompt> echo $ORACLE_SID ORACLE
<?php putenv("ORACLE_SID=ORACLE"); putenv("ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle/8.0.3"); $conn = ora_login("scott", "tiger"); $curs = ora_open($conn); ora_commitoff($conn); $query = sprintf("select * from cat"); /* Long version */ /* ora_parse($curs, $query); ora_exec($curs); ora_fetch($curs); */ /* Short Version */ ora_do($conn, $query); $ncols = ora_numcols($curs); $nrows = ora_numrows($curs); printf("Result size is $ncols cols by $nrows rows.<br>"); for ($i=0; $i<$ncols; $i++) { printf("col[%s] = %s type[%d] = %s<br>",$i, ora_columnname($curs, $I), $i, ora_columntype($curs, $I)); } for ($j=0; $j<$nrows; $j++) { for ($i=0; $i<$ncols; $i++) { $col = ora_getcolumn($curs, $I); printf("val[%d, %d] = %s * ", $j, $i, ora_getcolumn($curs, $I); } printf("<br>"); } ?>ORACLE_HOMEÀÌ /opt/oracle/oracle/8.0.3À̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¼Ö¶ó¸®½º¿¡¼ PHP¸¦ OrecleÀ» Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
./configure --with-oracle \ --with-config-file-path=/opt/GNUphp3/lib \ --with-exec-dir=/opt/bin \ --enable-debug=yes \ --enable-safe-mode=no \ --enable-url-fopen-wrapper=yes \ --enable-track-vars=yes \ --prefix=/opt/GNUphp3then the resulting PHP binary will be dynamically linked against libclntsh.so in /opt/oracle/oracle/lib. The build process as generated by configure will include this directory with an -L option, but not with an -R option (run-time library search path). This means that the resulting binary will not be able to find libclntsh.so by itself, but depends on an appropriate LD_LIBRARY_PATH set within the web server CGI environment - which usually is not there. To fix this, grab the Makefile generated by configure and duplicate the -L/opt/oracle/oracle/8.0.3/lib option as an -R/opt/oracle/oracle/8.0.3/lib option (your -L and -R strings will look slightly different depending on the values for your oracle version and ORACLE_HOME). The -R option will compile in the corrent search path for libclntsh and you won't have any LD_LIBRARY_PATH pains any more.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº Oracle8°ú Oracle7 µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Oracle8 Call-Interface (OCI8)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é Oracle8 client libraries°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â º¸ÅëÀÇ PHP Ora_ µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ´õ¿í À¯¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHPÀÇ Àü¿ª, Áö¿ª º¯¼öµéÀÇ Oracle placeholder·ÎÀÇ bindingÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ°í, full LOB¿Í FILE, ROWID¸¦ Áö¿øÇϸç, user-supplied define variableÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.
OCIDefineByName -- SELECT ÁßÀÇ degine-stepÀ¸·Î PHP º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIDefineByName
(int stmt, string Column-Name, mixed &variable, int [type]);
OCIDefineByName() uses fetches SQL-Columns into user-defined PHP-Variables. Be careful that Oracle user ALL-UPPERCASE column-names, whereby in your select you can also write lower-case. OCIDefineByName() expects the Column-Name to be in uppercase. If you define a variable that doesn't exists in you select statement, no error will be given!
If you need to define an abstract Datatype (LOB/ROWID/BFILE) you need to allocate it first using OCINewDescriptor() function. See also the OCIBindByName() function.
Example 1. OCIDefineByName <?php /* OCIDefineByPos example thies@digicol.de (980219) */ $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select empno, ename from emp"); /* the define MUST be done BEFORE ociexecute! */ OCIDefineByName($stmt,"EMPNO",&$empno); OCIDefineByName($stmt,"ENAME",&$ename); OCIExecute($stmt); while (OCIFetch($stmt)) { echo "empno:".$empno."\n"; echo "ename:".$ename."\n"; } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
OCIBindByName -- PHP º¯¼ö¸¦ Oracle Placeholder·Î bind ÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIBindByName
(int stmt, string ph_name, mixed &variable, intlength, int [type]);
OCIBindByName() binds the PHP variable variable to the Oracle placeholder ph_name. Whether it will be used for input or output will be determined run-time, and the necessary storage space will be allocated. The length paramter sets the maximum length for the bind. If you set length to -1 OCIBindByName() will use the current length of variable to set the maximum length.
If you need to bind an abstract Datatype (LOB/ROWID/BFILE) you need to allocate it first using OCINewDescriptor() function. The length is not used for abstract Datatypes and should be set to -1. The type variable tells oracle, what kind of descriptor we want to use. Possible values are: OCI_B_FILE (Binary-File), OCI_B_CFILE (Character-File), OCI_B_CLOB (Character-LOB), OCI_B_BLOB (Binary-LOB) and OCI_B_ROWID (ROWID).
Example 1. OCIDefineByName <?php /* OCIBindByPos example thies@digicol.de (980221) inserts 3 resords into emp, and uses the ROWID for updating the records just after the insert. */ $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"insert into emp (empno, ename) ". "values (:empno,:ename) ". "returning ROWID into :rid"); $data = array(1111 => "Larry", 2222 => "Bill", 3333 => "Jim"); $rowid = OCINewDescriptor($conn,OCI_D_ROWID); OCIBindByName($stmt,":empno",&$empno,32); OCIBindByName($stmt,":ename",&$ename,32); OCIBindByName($stmt,":rid",&$rowid,-1,OCI_B_ROWID); $update = OCIParse($conn,"update emp set sal = :sal where ROWID = :rid"); OCIBindByName($update,":rid",&$rowid,-1,OCI_B_ROWID); OCIBindByName($update,":sal",&$sal,32); $sal = 10000; while (list($empno,$ename) = each($data)) { OCIExecute($stmt); OCIExecute($update); } $rowid->free(); OCIFreeStatement($update); OCIFreeStatement($stmt); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp where empno in (1111,2222,3333)"); OCIExecute($stmt); while (OCIFetchInto($stmt,&$arr,OCI_ASSOC)) { var_dump($arr); } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); /* delete our "junk" from the emp table.... */ $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"delete from emp where empno in (1111,2222,3333)"); OCIExecute($stmt); OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
OCILogon -- Oracle°ú ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù.
int OCILogon
(string username, string password, string [ORACLE_SID]);
OCILogon() returns an connection identified needed for most other OCI calls. If the optional third parameter is not specified, PHP uses the environment variable ORACLE_SID to determine which database to connect to. Connections are shared at the page level when using OCILogon(). This means that commits and rollbacks apply to all open transactions in the page, even if you have created multiple connections.
This example demonstrates how the connections are shared.
Example 1. OCILogon <?php print "<HTML><PRE>"; $db = ""; $c1 = ocilogon("scott","tiger",$db); $c2 = ocilogon("scott","tiger",$db); function create_table($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"create table scott.hallo (test varchar2(32))"); ociexecute($stmt); echo $conn." created table\n\n"; } function drop_table($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"drop table scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt); echo $conn." dropped table\n\n"; } function insert_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"insert into scott.hallo values($conn || ' ' || to_char(sysdate,'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS'))"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn." inserted hallo\n\n"; } function delete_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"delete from scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn." deleted hallo\n\n"; } function commit($conn) { ocicommit($conn); echo $conn." commited\n\n"; } function rollback($conn) { ocirollback($conn); echo $conn." rollback\n\n"; } function select_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"select * from scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn."----selecting\n\n"; while (ocifetch($stmt)) echo $conn." <".ociresult($stmt,"TEST").">\n\n"; echo $conn."----done\n\n"; } create_table($c1); insert_data($c1); // Insert a row using c1 insert_data($c2); // Insert a row using c2 select_data($c1); // Results of both inserts are returned select_data($c2); rollback($c1); // Rollback using c1 select_data($c1); // Both inserts have been rolled back select_data($c2); insert_data($c2); // Insert a row using c2 commit($c2); // commit using c2 select_data($c1); // result of c2 insert is returned delete_data($c1); // delete all rows in table using c1 select_data($c1); // no rows returned select_data($c2); // no rows returned commit($c1); // commit using c1 select_data($c1); // no rows returned select_data($c2); // no rows returned drop_table($c1); print "</PRE></HTML>"; ?> |
See also OCIPLogon() and OCINLogon().
OCIPLogon -- Oracle°ú ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¢¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ°í logonÇÑ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î sessionÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIPLogon
(int conn);
OCIPLogin() Creates a persistent connection to an Oracle 8 database and logs on. If the optional third parameter is not specified, PHP uses the environment variable ORACLE_SID to determine which database to connect to.
See also OCILogon() and OCINLogon().
OCINLogon -- Oracle°ú »õ·Î¿î Á¢¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ°í logonÇÑ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î sessionÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCINLogon
(int conn);
OCINLogin() Creates a new connection to an Oracle 8 database and logs on. If the optional third parameter is not specified, PHP uses the environment variable ORACLE_SID to determine which database to connect to. OCINLogon() forces a new connection. This is should be used if you need to isolate a set of transactions. By default, connections are shared at the page level if using OCILogon() or at the web server process level if using OCIPLogon(). If you have multiple connections open using OCINLogon(), all commits and rollbacks apply to the specified connection only..
This example demonstrates how the connections are separated.
Example 1. OCINLogon <?php print "<HTML><PRE>"; $db = ""; $c1 = ocilogon("scott","tiger",$db); $c2 = ocinlogon("scott","tiger",$db); function create_table($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"create table scott.hallo (test varchar2(32))"); ociexecute($stmt); echo $conn." created table\n\n"; } function drop_table($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"drop table scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt); echo $conn." dropped table\n\n"; } function insert_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"insert into scott.hallo values($conn || ' ' || to_char(sysdate,'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS'))"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn." inserted hallo\n\n"; } function delete_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"delete from scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn." deleted hallo\n\n"; } function commit($conn) { ocicommit($conn); echo $conn." commited\n\n"; } function rollback($conn) { ocirollback($conn); echo $conn." rollback\n\n"; } function select_data($conn) { $stmt = ociparse($conn,"select * from scott.hallo"); ociexecute($stmt,OCI_DEFAULT); echo $conn."----selecting\n\n"; while (ocifetch($stmt)) echo $conn." <".ociresult($stmt,"TEST").">\n\n"; echo $conn."----done\n\n"; } create_table($c1); insert_data($c1); select_data($c1); select_data($c2); rollback($c1); select_data($c1); select_data($c2); insert_data($c2); commit($c2); select_data($c1); delete_data($c1); select_data($c1); select_data($c2); commit($c1); select_data($c1); select_data($c2); drop_table($c1); print "</PRE></HTML>"; ?> |
See also OCILogon() and OCIPLogon().
OCILogOff -- Oracle°úÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷´Â´Ù.
int OCILogOff
(int connection);
OCILogOff() closes an Oracle connection.
OCIExecute -- statement¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIExecute
(int statement, int [mode]);
OCIExecute() executes a previously parsed statement. (see OCIParse()). The optional mode allows you to specify the execution-mode (default is OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS). If you don't want statements to be commited automaticly specify OCI_DEFAULT as your mode.
OCICommit -- ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´ø transactionµéÀ» CommitÇÑ´Ù.
int OCICommit
(int connection);
OCICommit() commits all outstanding statements for Oracle connection connection.
OCIRollback -- ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´ø transactionµéÀ» Rolls backÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIRollback
(int connection);
OCICommit() rolls back all outstanding statements for Oracle connection connection.
OCINewDescriptor -- »õ·Î¿î ºó descriptor LOB/FILE (LOB°¡ default)¸¦ ÃʱâÈ(Initialize) ÇÑ´Ù.
string OCINewDescriptor
(int connection, int [type]);
OCINewDescriptor() Allocates storage to hold descriptors or LOB locators. Valid values for the valid type are OCI_D_FILE, OCI_D_LOB, OCI_D_ROWID.
Example 1. OCINewDescriptor <?php /* This script is designed to be called from a HTML form. * It expects $user, $password, $table, $where, and $commitsize * to be passed in from the form. The script then deletes * the selected rows using the ROWID and commits after each * set of $commitsize rows. (Use with care, there is no rollback) */ $conn = OCILogon($user, $password); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select rowid from $table $where"); $rowid = OCINewDescriptor($conn,OCI_D_ROWID); OCIDefineByName($stmt,"ROWID",&$rowid); OCIExecute($stmt); while ( OCIFetch($stmt) ) { $nrows = OCIRowCount($stmt); $delete = OCIParse($conn,"delete from $table where ROWID = :rid"); OCIBindByName($delete,":rid",&$rowid,-1,OCI_B_ROWID); OCIExecute($delete); print "$nrows\n"; if ( ($nrows % $commitsize) == 0 ) { OCICommit($conn); } } $nrows = OCIRowCount($stmt); print "$nrows deleted...\n"; OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
OCIRowCount -- ¿µÇâ¹Þ´Â rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIRowCount
(int statement);
OCIRowCounts() returns the number of rows affected for eg update-statements. This funtions will not tell you the number of rows that a select will return!
Example 1. OCIRowCount <?php print "<HTML><PRE>"; $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"create table emp2 as select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); print OCIRowCount($stmt) . " rows inserted.<BR>"; OCIFreeStatement($stmt); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"delete from emp2"); OCIExecute($stmt); print OCIRowCount($stmt) . " rows deleted.<BR>"; OCICommit($conn); OCIFreeStatement($stmt); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"drop table emp2"); OCIExecute($stmt); OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogOff($conn); print "</PRE></HTML>"; ?> |
OCINumCols -- ÇØ´ç statementÀÇ °á°ú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Ä÷³ÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCINumCols
(int stmt);
OCINumCols() returns the number of columns in a statement
Example 1. OCINumCols <?php print "<HTML><PRE>\n"; $conn = OCILogon("scott", "tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); while ( OCIFetch($stmt) ) { print "\n"; $ncols = OCINumCols($stmt); for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) { $column_name = OCIColumnName($stmt,$i); $column_value = OCIResult($stmt,$i); print $column_name . ': ' . $column_value . "\n"; } print "\n"; } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); print "</PRE>"; print "</HTML>\n"; ?> |
OCIResult -- fetched row¿¡ ÀÖ´Â coulumn °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIResult
(int statement, mixed column);
OCIResult() returns the data for column column in the current row (see OCIFetch()).OCIResult() will return everything as strings except for abstract types (ROWIDs, LOBs and FILEs).
OCIFetch -- result-buffer·Î ´ÙÀ½ row¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int OCIFetch
(int statement);
OCIFetch() fetches the next row (for SELECT statements) into the internal result-buffer.
OCIFetchInto -- result-array·Î ´ÙÀ½ row¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int OCIFetchInto
(int stmt, array &result, int [mode]);
OCIFetchInto() fetches the next row (for SELECT statements) into the result array. OCIFetchInto() will overwrite the previous content of result. By default result will contain a one-based array of all columns that are not NULL.
The mode parameter allows you to change the default behaviour. You can specify more than one flag by simply addig them up (eg OCI_ASSOC+OCI_RETURN_NULLS). The known flags are:
OCI_ASSOC Return an associative array. |
OCI_NUM Return an numbered array starting with one. (DEFAULT) |
OCI_RETURN_NULLS Return empty columns. |
OCI_RETURN_LOBS Return the value of a LOB instead of the desxriptor. |
OCIFetchStatement -- °á°ú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç rowµéÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int OCIFetchStatement
(int stmt, array &variable);
OCIFetchStatement() fetches all the rows from a result into a user-defined array. OCIFetchStatement() returns the number of rows fetched.
Example 1. OCIFetchStatement <?php /* OCIFetchStatement example mbritton@verinet.com (990624) */ $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); $nrows = OCIFetchStatement($stmt,$results); if ( $nrows > 0 ) { print "<TABLE BORDER=\"1\">\n"; print "<TR>\n"; while ( list( $key, $val ) = each( $results ) ) { print "<TH>$key</TH>\n"; } print "</TR>\n"; for ( $i = 0; $i < $nrows; $i++ ) { reset($results); print "<TR>\n"; while ( $column = each($results) ) { $data = $column['value']; print "<TD>$data[$i]</TD>\n"; } print "</TR>\n"; } print "</TABLE>\n"; } else { echo "No data found<BR>\n"; } print "$nrows Records Selected<BR>\n"; OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
OCIColumnIsNULL -- result Ä÷³ÀÌ NULLÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIColumnIsNULL
(int stmt, mixed column);
OCIColumnIsNULL() returns true if the returned column col in the result from the statement stmt is NULL. You can either use the column-number (1-Based) or the column-name for the col parameter.
OCIColumnSize -- result Ä÷³ Å©±â¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIColumnSize
(int stmt, mixed column);
OCIColumnSize() returns the size of the column as given by Oracle. You can either use the column-number (1-Based) or the column-name for the col parameter.
Example 1. OCIColumnSize <?php print "<HTML><PRE>\n"; $conn = OCILogon("scott", "tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); print "<TABLE BORDER=\"1\">"; print "<TR>"; print "<TH>Name</TH>"; print "<TH>Type</TH>"; print "<TH>Length</TH>"; print "</TR>"; $ncols = OCINumCols($stmt); for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) { $column_name = OCIColumnName($stmt,$i); $column_type = OCIColumnType($stmt,$i); $column_size = OCIColumnSize($stmt,$i); print "<TR>"; print "<TD>$column_name</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_type</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_size</TD>"; print "</TR>"; } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); print "</PRE>"; print "</HTML>\n"; ?> |
See also OCINumCols(), OCIColumnName(), and OCIColumnSize().
OCIServerVersion -- ¼¹öÀÇ ¹öÀü Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string OCIServerVersion
(int conn);
Example 1. OCIServerVersion <?php $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); print "Server Version: " . OCIServerVersion($conn); OCILogOff($conn); ?> |
OCIStatementType -- OCI statementÀÇ typeÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string OCIStatementType
(int stmt);
OCIStatementType() returns on of the following values:
"SELECT"
"UPDATE"
"DELETE"
"INSERT"
"CREATE"
"DROP"
"ALTER"
"BEGIN"
"DECLARE"
"UNKNOWN"
Example 1. Code examples <?php print "<HTML><PRE>"; $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $sql = "delete from emp where deptno = 10"; $stmt = OCIParse($conn,$sql); if ( OCIStatementType($stmt) == "DELETE" ) { die "You are not allowed to delete from this table<BR>"; } OCILogoff($conn); print "</PRE></HTML>"; ?> |
OCINewCursor -- »õ·Î¿î cursor(Statement-Handle)¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ref-cursor·Î bindÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
int OCINewCursor
(int conn);
OCINewCursor() allocates a new statement handle on the specified connection.
Example 1. Using a REF CURSOR from a stored procedure <?php // suppose your stored procedure info.output returns a ref cursor in :data $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $curs = OCINewCursor($conn); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"begin info.output(:data); end;"); ocibindbyname($stmt,"data",&$curs,-1,OCI_B_CURSOR); ociexecute($stmt); ociexecute($curs); while (OCIFetchInto($curs,&$data)) { var_dump($data); } OCIFreeCursor($stmt); OCIFreeStatement($curs); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
Example 2. Using a REF CURSOR in a select statement <?php print "<HTML><BODY>"; $conn = OCILogon("scott","tiger"); $count_cursor = "CURSOR(select count(empno) num_emps from emp " . "where emp.deptno = dept.deptno) as EMPCNT from dept"; $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select deptno,dname,$count_cursor"); ociexecute($stmt); print "<TABLE BORDER=\"1\">"; print "<TR>"; print "<TH>DEPT NAME</TH>"; print "<TH>DEPT #</TH>"; print "<TH># EMPLOYEES</TH>"; print "</TR>"; while (OCIFetchInto($stmt,&$data,OCI_ASSOC)) { print "<TR>"; $dname = $data["DNAME"]; $deptno = $data["DEPTNO"]; print "<TD>$dname</TD>"; print "<TD>$deptno</TD>"; ociexecute($data[ "EMPCNT" ]); while (OCIFetchInto($data[ "EMPCNT" ],&$subdata,OCI_ASSOC)) { $num_emps = $subdata["NUM_EMPS"]; print "<TD>$num_emps</TD>"; } print "</TR>"; } print "</TABLE>"; print "</BODY></HTML>"; OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); ?> |
OCIFreeStatement -- statement¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øµéÀ» Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int OCIFreeStatement
(int stmt);
OCIFreeStatement() returns true if successful, or false if unsuccessful.
OCIFreeCursor -- cursor¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øµéÀ» Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int OCIFreeCursor
(int stmt);
OCIFreeCursor() returns true if successful, or false if unsuccessful.
OCIColumnName -- Ä÷³ÀÇ À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string OCIColumnName
(int stmt, int col);
OCIColumnName() returns the name of the column corresponding to the column number (1-based) that is passed in.
Example 1. OCIColumnName <?php print "<HTML><PRE>\n"; $conn = OCILogon("scott", "tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); print "<TABLE BORDER=\"1\">"; print "<TR>"; print "<TH>Name</TH>"; print "<TH>Type</TH>"; print "<TH>Length</TH>"; print "</TR>"; $ncols = OCINumCols($stmt); for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) { $column_name = OCIColumnName($stmt,$i); $column_type = OCIColumnType($stmt,$i); $column_size = OCIColumnSize($stmt,$i); print "<TR>"; print "<TD>$column_name</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_type</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_size</TD>"; print "</TR>"; } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); print "</PRE>"; print "</HTML>\n"; ?> |
See also OCINumCols(), OCIColumnType(), and OCIColumnSize().
OCIColumnType -- Ä÷³ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ typeÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
mixed OCIColumnName
(int stmt, int col);
OCIColumnType() returns the data type of the column corresponding to the column number (1-based) that is passed in.
Example 1. OCIColumnType <?php print "<HTML><PRE>\n"; $conn = OCILogon("scott", "tiger"); $stmt = OCIParse($conn,"select * from emp"); OCIExecute($stmt); print "<TABLE BORDER=\"1\">"; print "<TR>"; print "<TH>Name</TH>"; print "<TH>Type</TH>"; print "<TH>Length</TH>"; print "</TR>"; $ncols = OCINumCols($stmt); for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) { $column_name = OCIColumnName($stmt,$i); $column_type = OCIColumnType($stmt,$i); $column_size = OCIColumnSize($stmt,$i); print "<TR>"; print "<TD>$column_name</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_type</TD>"; print "<TD>$column_size</TD>"; print "</TR>"; } OCIFreeStatement($stmt); OCILogoff($conn); print "</PRE>"; print "</HTML>\n"; ?> |
See also OCINumCols(), OCIColumnName(), and OCIColumnSize().
OCIParse -- ÁúÀÇ(query)¸¦ Çؼ®(parse)ÇÏ°í statement¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIParse
(int conn, strint query);
OCIParse() parses the query using conn. It returns true if the query is valid, false if not. The query can be any valid SQL statement.
OCIError -- stmt|conn|globalÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é false¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int OCIError
(int [stmt|conn]);
OCIError() returns the last error found. If the optional stmt|conn is not provided, the last error encountered is returned. If no error is found, OCIError() returns false.
OCIInternalDebug -- ³»Àå µð¹ö°Å Ãâ·ÂÀ» enable½ÃÅ°°Å³ª disable½ÃŲ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº disableÀÌ´Ù.
void OCIInternalDebug
(int onoff);
OCIInternalDebug() enables internal debug output. Set onoff to 0 to turn debug output off, 1 to turn it on.
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Note: ¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëÀº pdflib 0.6¿¡¸¸ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â À̾߱âÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈĹöÀüÀº pdflib ¸Å´º¾óÀ» Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
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Example 1. Creating a PDF document with pdflib 0.6
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Example 2. Creating a PDF document with pdflib 2.x
getpdf.php3 PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â À§¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. |
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Example 3. pdfclock example from pdflib 2.x distribution
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PDF_get_info -- pdf ¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº» Á¤º¸(info structure)¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
info pdf_get_info
(string
filename)The PDF_get_info() function returns a default info structure for the pdf document. It should be filled with appropriate information like the author, subject etc. of the document.
Note: This functions is not available if pdflib 2.x support is activated.
See also PDF_set_info_creator(), PDF_set_info_author(), PDF_set_info_keywords(), PDF_set_info_title(), PDF_set_info_subject().
PDF_set_info_creator -- info structureÀÇ creator Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_info_creator
(info info, string creator);
The PDF_set_info_creator() function sets the creator of a pdf document. It has to be called after PDF_get_info() and before PDF_open(). Calling it after PDF_open() will have no effect on the document.
Note: This function is not part of the pdf library.
Note: This function takes a different first parameter if pdflib 2.x support is activated. The first parameter has to be the identifier of the pdf document as returned by pdf_open(). Consequently, pdf_open() has to be called before this function.
See also PDF_get_info(), PDF_set_info_keywords(), PDF_set_info_title(), PDF_set_info_subject().
PDF_set_info_title -- info structureÀÇ title Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_info_title
(info info, string title);
The PDF_set_info_title() function sets the title of a pdf document. It has to be called after PDF_get_info() and before PDF_open(). Calling it after PDF_open() will have no effect on the document.
Note: This function is not part of the pdf library.
Note: This function takes a different first parameter if pdflib 2.0 support is activated. The first parameter has to be the identifier of the pdf document as returned by pdf_open(). Consequently, pdf_open() has to be called before this function.
See also PDF_get_info(), PDF_set_info_creator(), PDF_set_info_author(), PDF_set_info_keywords(), PDF_set_info_subject().
PDF_set_info_subject -- info structureÀÇ subject Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_info_subject
(info info, string subject);
The PDF_set_info_subject() function sets the subject of a pdf document. It has to be called after PDF_get_info() and before PDF_open(). Calling it after PDF_open() will have no effect on the document.
Note: This function is not part of the pdf library.
Note: This function takes a different first parameter if pdflib 2.0 support is activated. The first parameter has to be the identifier of the pdf document as returned by pdf_open(). Consequently, pdf_open() has to be called before this function.
See also PDF_get_info(), PDF_set_info_creator(), PDF_set_info_author(), PDF_set_info_title(), PDF_set_info_keywords().
PDF_set_info_keywords -- info structureÀÇ keyword Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_info_keywords
(info info, string keywords);
The PDF_set_info_keywords() function sets the keywords of a pdf document. It has to be called after PDF_get_info() and before PDF_open(). Calling it after PDF_open() will have no effect on the document.
Note: This function is not part of the pdf library.
Note: This function takes a different first parameter if pdflib 2.0 support is activated. The first parameter has to be the identifier of the pdf document as returned by pdf_open(). Consequently, pdf_open() has to be called before this function.
See also PDF_get_info(), PDF_set_info_creator(), PDF_set_info_author(), PDF_set_info_title(), PDF_set_info_subject().
PDF_set_info_author -- info structureÀÇ author Çʵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_info_author
(info info, string author);
The PDF_set_info_author() function sets the author of a pdf document. It has to be called after PDF_get_info() and before PDF_open(). Calling it after PDF_open() will have no effect on the document.
Note: This function is not part of the pdf library.
Note: This function takes a different first parameter if pdflib 2.0 support is activated. The first parameter has to be the identifier of the pdf document as returned by pdf_open(). Consequently, pdf_open() has to be called before this function.
See also PDF_get_info(), PDF_set_info_creator(), PDF_set_info_keywords(), PDF_set_info_title(), PDF_set_info_subject().
PDF_open -- »õ pdf ¹®¼¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int pdf_open
(int file, int info);
The PDF_open() function opens a new pdf document. The corresponding file has to be opened with fopen() and the file descriptor passed as argument file. info is the info structure that has to be created with pdf_get_info(). The info structure will be deleted within this function.
Note: The return value is needed as the first parameter in all other functions writing to the pdf document.
Note: This function does not allow the second parameter if pdflib 2.0 support is activated.
See also fopen(), PDF_get_info(), PDF_close().
PDF_close -- pdf ¹®¼¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pdf_close
(int pdf document);
The PDF_close() function closes the pdf document.
Note: Due to an unclean implementation of the pdflib 0.6 the internal closing of the document also closes the file. This should not be done because pdflib did not open the file, but expects an already open file when PDF_open() is called. Consequently it shouldn't close the file. In order to fix this just take out line 190 of the file p_basic.c in the pdflib 0.6 source distribution until the next release of pdflib will fix this.
Note: This function works properly without any patches to pdflib if pdflib 2.0 support is activated.
See also PDF_open(), fclose().
PDF_begin_page -- »õ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_begin_page
(int pdf document, double height, double width);
The PDF_begin_page() function starts a new page with height height and width width.
See also PDF_end_page().
PDF_end_page -- ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ³¡³½´Ù.
void pdf_end_page
(int pdf document);
The PDF_end_page() function ends a page. Once a page is ended it cannot be modified anymore.
See also PDF_begin_page().
PDF_show -- ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_show
(int pdf document, string text);
The PDF_show() function outputs the string text at the current position using the current font.
See also PDF_show_xy(), PDF_show_boxed(), PDF_set_text_pos(), PDF_set_font().
int pdf_show_boxed
(int
pdf document, string text, double x-coor, double y-coor, double width, double
height, string mode)
The PDF_show_boxed() function outputs the string text in a box with its lower left position at (x-coor, y-coor). The boxes dimension is height by width. The parameter mode determines how the text is type set. If width and height are zero, the mode can be "left", "right" or "center". If width or height is unequal zero it can also be "justify" and "fulljustify".
Returns the number of characters that could not be processed because they did not fit into the box.
See also PDF_show(), PDF_show_xy()
PDF_show_xy -- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_show_xy
(int pdf document, string text, double x-koor, double y-koor);
The PDF_show_xy() function outputs the string text at position (x-koor, y-koor).
See also PDF_show().
PDF_set_font -- »ç¿ëÇÒ font ¸ð¾ç°ú Å©±â¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_font
(int
pdf document, string font name, double size, string encoding [, int embed])
The PDF_set_font() function sets the current font face, font size and encoding. If you use pdflib 0.6 you will need to provide the Adobe Font Metrics (afm-files) for the font in the font path (default is ./fonts). If you use php3 or a version of pdflib older than 2.20 the fourth parameter encoding can take the following values: 0 = builtin, 1 = pdfdoc, 2 = macroman, 3 = macexpert, 4 = winansi. An encoding greater than 4 and less than 0 will default to winansi. winansi is often a good choice. If you use php4 and a version of pdflib >= 2.20 the encoding parameter has changed to a string. Use 'winansi', 'builtin' etc. instead. If the last parameter is set to 1 the font is embedded into the pdf document otherwise it is not. To embed a font is usually a good idea if the font is not widely spread and you cannot ensure that the person watching your document has access on fonts in the document. I font is only embedded once even if you call PDF_set_font() several times.
Note: This function has to be called after PDF_begin_page() in order to create a valid pdf document.
Note: If you reference a font in a .upr file make sure the name in the afm file and the font name are the same. Otherwise, the font will be embedded several times (Thanks to Paul Haddon for finding this.)
PDF_set_leading -- ÁÙ °£°ÝÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_leading
(int pdf document, double distance)
The PDF_set_leading() function sets the distance between text lines. This will be used if text is output by PDF_continue_text().
See also PDF_continue_text().
void pdf_set_parameter
(int pdf document, string name, string value)
The PDF_set_parameter() function sets several parameters of pdflib.
PDF_set_text_rendering -- text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¹æ½ÄÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.(Determines how text is rendered)
void pdf_set_text_rendering
(int pdf document, int mode);
The PDF_set_text_rendering() function determines how text is rendered. The possible values for mode are 0=fill text, 1=stroke text, 2=fill and stroke text, 3=invisible, 4=fill text and add it to cliping path, 5=stroke text and add it to clipping path, 6=fill and stroke text and add it to cliping path, 7=add it to clipping path.
PDF_set_horiz_scaling -- textÀÇ ¼öÆò È®´ë ºñÀ²À» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_horiz_scaling
(int pdf document, double scale);
The PDF_set_horiz_scaling() function sets the horizontal scaling to scale percent.
PDF_set_text_rise -- text¸¦ riseÇÏ°Ô Ç¥½ÃµÇµµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_text_rise
(int pdf document, double value);
The PDF_set_text_rise() function sets the text rising to value points.
PDF_set_text_matrix -- text¸¦ matrix ÇüÅ·ΠÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_text_matrix
(int pdf document, array matrix);
The PDF_set_text_matrix() function sets a matrix which describes a transformation applied on the current text font. The matrix has to passed as an array with six elements.
PDF_set_text_pos -- textÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_text_pos
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor);
The PDF_set_text_pos() function sets the position of text for the next pdf_show() function call.
See also PDF_show(), PDF_show_xy().
PDF_set_char_spacing -- ±ÛÀÚ »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_char_spacing
(int pdf document, double space);
The PDF_set_char_spacing() function sets the spacing between characters.
See also PDF_set_word_spacing(), PDF_set_leading().
PDF_set_word_spacing -- ´Ü¾î »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_word_spacing
(int pdf document, double space);
The PDF_set_word_spacing() function sets the spacing between words.
See also PDF_set_char_spacing(), PDF_set_leading().
void pdf_skew
(int pdf
document, double alpha, double beta)
The PDF_skew() function skew the coordinate system by alpha (x) and beta (y) degrees. alpha and beta may not be 90 or 270 degrees.
PDF_continue_text -- »õ ÁÙ¿¡ text¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_continue_text
(int pdf document, string text);
The PDF_continue_text() function outputs the string in text in the next line. The distance between the lines can be set with PDF_set_leading().
See also PDF_show_xy(), PDF_set_leading(), PDF_set_text_pos().
PDF_stringwidth -- ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ fontÀÇ ³ÐÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
double pdf_stringwidth
(int pdf document, string text);
The PDF_stringwidth() function returns the width of the string in text. It requires a font to be set before.
See also PDF_set_font().
PDF_save -- ÇöÀç ȯ°æÀ» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_save
(int pdf document);
The PDF_save() function saves the current environment. It works like the postscript command gsave. Very useful if you want to translate or rotate an object without effecting other objects. PDF_save() should always be followed by PDF_restore().
See also PDF_restore().
PDF_restore -- Àü¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØ µÎ¾ú´ø ȯ°æÀ¸·Î º¹±ÍÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_restore
(int pdf document);
The PDF_restore() function restores the environment saved with PDF_save(). It works like the postscript command grestore. Very useful if you want to translate or rotate an object without effecting other objects.
Example 1. Save and Restore <?php PDF_save($pdf); // do all kinds of rotations, transformations, ... PDF_restore($pdf) ?> |
See also PDF_save().
PDF_translate -- koordinate systemÀÇ ±âÁØÀ̵Ǵ ¿øÁ¡À» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_translate
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor);
The PDF_translate() function set the origin of coordinate system to the point (x-koor, y-koor). The following example draws a line from (0, 0) to (200, 200) relative to the initial coordinate system. You have to set the current point after PDF_translate() and before you start drawing more objects.
Example 1. Translation <?php PDF_moveto($pdf, 0, 0); PDF_lineto($pdf, 100, 100); PDF_stroke($pdf); PDF_translate($pdf, 100, 100); PDF_moveto($pdf, 0, 0); PDF_lineto($pdf, 100, 100); PDF_stroke($pdf); ?> |
PDF_scale -- scalingÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_scale
(int pdf document, double x-scale, double y-scale);
The PDF_scale() function set the scaling factor in both directions. The following example scales x and y direction by 72. The following line will therefore be drawn one inch in both directions.
Example 1. Scaling <?php PDF_scale($pdf, 72.0, 72.0); PDF_lineto($pdf, 1, 1); PDF_stroke($pdf); ?> |
PDF_rotate -- ȸÀüÀ²À» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_rotate
(int pdf document, double angle);
The PDF_rotate() function set the rotation in degress to angle.
PDF_setflat -- flatness¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setflat
(int pdf document, double value);
The PDF_setflat() function set the flatness to a value between 0 and 100.
PDF_setlinejoin -- linejoin parameter¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setlinejoin
(int pdf document, long value);
The PDF_setlinejoin() function set the linejoin parameter between a value of 0 and 2.
PDF_setlinecap -- linecap aparameter¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setlinecap
(int pdf document, int value);
The PDF_setlinecap() function set the linecap parameter between a value of 0 and 2.
PDF_setmiterlimit -- miter limitÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setmiterlimit
(int pdf document, double value);
The PDF_setmiterlimit() function set the miter limit to a value greater of equal than 1.
PDF_setlinewidth -- ÇÑ ¶óÀÎÀÇ ÆøÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setlinewidth
(int pdf document, double width);
The PDF_setlinewidth() function set the line width to width.
PDF_setdash -- Á¡¼±ÀÇ ¹«´Ì¸¦ Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setdash
(int pdf document, double white, double black);
The PDF_setdash() function set the dash pattern white white points and black black points. If both are 0 a solid line is set.
PDF_moveto -- ÇöÀç À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
void pdf_moveto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor);
The PDF_moveto() function set the current point to the coordinates x-koor and y-koor.
PDF_curveto -- °î¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_curveto
(int pdf document, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3, double y3);
The PDF_curveto() function draws a Bezier curve from the current point to the point (x3, y3) using (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as control points.
See also PDF_moveto(), PDF_lineto(), PDF_stroke().
PDF_lineto -- Á÷¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_lineto
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor);
The PDF_lineto() function draws a line from the current point to the point with coordinates (x-koor, y-koor).
See also PDF_moveto(), PDF_curveto(), PDF_stroke().
PDF_circle -- ¿øÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_circle
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double radius);
The PDF_circle() function draws a circle with center at point (x-koor, y-koor) and radius radius.
See also PDF_arc(), PDF_stroke().
PDF_arc -- ¿øÈ£¸¦ ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_arc
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double radius, double start, double end);
The PDF_arc() function draws an arc with center at point (x-koor, y-koor) and radius radius, starting at angle start and ending at angle end.
See also PDF_circle(), PDF_stroke().
PDF_rect -- »ç°¢ÇüÀ» ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_rect
(int pdf document, double x-koor, double y-koor, double width, double height);
The PDF_rect() function draws a rectangle with its lower left corner at point (x-koor, y-koor). This width is set to widgth. This height is set to height.
See also PDF_stroke().
PDF_closepath -- path¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pdf_closepath
(int pdf document);
The PDF_closepath() function closes the current path. This means, it draws a line from current point to the point where the first line was started. Many functions like PDF_moveto(), PDF_circle() and PDF_rect() start a new path.
PDF_stroke -- path¸¦ µû¶ó ¼±À» ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_stroke
(int pdf document);
The PDF_stroke() function draws a line along current path. The current path is the sum of all line drawing. Without this function the line would not be drawn.
See also PDF_closepath(), PDF_closepath_stroke().
PDF_closepath_stroke -- path¸¦ µû¶ó ¼±À» ±×¸®°í path¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pdf_closepath_stroke
(int pdf document);
The PDF_closepath_stroke() function is a combination of PDF_closepath() and PDF_stroke(). Than clears the path.
See also PDF_closepath(), PDF_stroke().
PDF_fill -- ÇöÀç path¾ÈÀ» Ä¥ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_fill
(int pdf document);
The PDF_fill() function fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color.
See also PDF_closepath(), PDF_stroke(), PDF_setgray_fill(), PDF_setgray(), PDF_setrgbcolor_fill(), PDF_setrgbcolor().
PDF_fill_stroke -- ÇöÀç pathÀÇ ¾ÈÂÊÀ» Ä¥ÇÏ°í, ÇöÀç path¸¦ µû¶ó ±×¸°´Ù.
void pdf_fill_stroke
(int pdf document);
The PDF_fill_stroke() function fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color and draws current path.
See also PDF_closepath(), PDF_stroke(), PDF_fill(), PDF_setgray_fill(), PDF_setgray(), PDF_setrgbcolor_fill(), PDF_setrgbcolor().
PDF_closepath_fill_stroke -- ÇöÀç pathÀÇ ¾ÈÂÊÀ» Ä¥ÇÏ°í, ÇöÀç path¸¦ µû¶ó ±×¸° ÈÄ, path¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pdf_closepath_fill_stroke
(int pdf document);
The PDF_closepath_fill_stroke() function closes, fills the interior of the current path with the current fill color and draws current path.
See also PDF_closepath(), PDF_stroke(), PDF_fill(), PDF_setgray_fill(), PDF_setgray(), PDF_setrgbcolor_fill(), PDF_setrgbcolor().
PDF_endpath -- ÇöÀç path¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_endpath
(int pdf document);
The PDF_endpath() function ends the current path but does not close it.
See also PDF_closepath().
PDF_clip -- ÇöÀç path¸¦ clipÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_clip
(int pdf document);
The PDF_clip() function clips all drawing to the current path.
PDF_setgray_fill -- Ä¥ÇÏ´Â »öÀ» ȸ»öÅæÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setgray_fill
(int pdf document, double value);
The PDF_setgray_fill() function sets the current gray value to fill a path.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_fill().
PDF_setgray_stroke -- ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» ȸ»öÅæÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setgray_stroke
(int pdf document, double gray value);
The PDF_setgray_stroke() function sets the current drawing color to the given gray value.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke().
PDF_setgray -- Ä¥ÇÏ°í ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» ȸ»öÅæÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setgray
(int pdf document, double gray value);
The PDF_setgray_stroke() function sets the current drawing and filling color to the given gray value.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke(), PDF_setrgbcolor_fill().
PDF_setrgbcolor_fill -- Ä¥ÇÏ´Â »öÀ» rgb color·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setrgbcolor_fill
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The PDF_setrgbcolor_fill() function sets the current rgb color value to fill a path.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_fill().
PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke -- ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» rgb color·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setrgbcolor_stroke
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke() function sets the current drawing color to the given rgb color value.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke().
PDF_setrgbcolor -- Ä¥ÇÏ°í ±×¸®´Â »öÀ» rgb color·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_setrgbcolor
(int pdf document, double red value, double green value, double blue value);
The PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke() function sets the current drawing and filling color to the given rgb color value.
See also PDF_setrgbcolor_stroke(), PDF_setrgbcolor_fill().
PDF_add_outline -- ÇöÀç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ bookmark¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_add_outline
(int pdf document, string text);
The PDF_add_outline() function adds a bookmark with text text that points to the current page.
Unfortunately pdflib does not make a copy of the string, which forces PHP to allocate the memory. Currently this piece of memory is not been freed by any PDF function but it will be taken care of by the PHP memory manager.
PDF_set_transition -- ÆäÀÌÁö°£ÀÇ transitionÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_transition
(int pdf document, int transition);
The PDF_set_transition() function set the transition between following pages. The value of transition can be
0 for none, |
1 for two lines sweeping across the screen reveal the page, |
2 for multiple lines sweeping across the screen reveal the page, |
3 for a box reveals the page, |
4 for a single line sweeping across the screen reveals the page, |
5 for the old page dissolves to reveal the page, |
6 for the dissolve effect moves from one screen edge to another, |
7 for the old page is simply replaced by the new page (default) |
See also PDF_set_duration().
PDF_set_duration -- page°£ÀÇ durationÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_set_duration
(int pdf document, double duration);
The PDF_set_duration() function set the duration between following pages in seconds.
See also PDF_set_transition().
PDF_open_gif -- GIF À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int pdf_open_gif
(int pdf document, string filename);
The PDF_open_gif() function opens an image stored in the file with the name filename. The format of the image has to be gif. The function returns a pdf image identifier.
Example 1. Including a gif image <?php $im = PDF_open_gif($pdf, "test.gif"); pdf_place_image($pdf, $im, 100, 100, 1); pdf_close_image($pdf, $im); ?> |
See also PDF_close_image(), PDF_open_jpeg(), PDF_open_png(), PDF_open_memory_image(), PDF_execute_image(), PDF_place_image(), PDF_put_image().
int pdf_open_png
(int
pdf, string png_file)
The PDF_open_png() function opens an image stored in the file with the name filename. The format of the image has to be png. The function returns a pdf image identifier.
Example 1. Including a PNG image
|
See also PDF_close_image(), PDF_open_jpeg(), PDF_open_gif(), PDF_open_memory_image(), PDF_execute_image(), PDF_place_image(), PDF_put_image().
PDF_open_memory_image -- PHPÀÇ image ÇÔ¼ö·Î ¸¸µç image¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int pdf_open_memory_image
(int pdf document, string int image);
The PDF_open_memory_image() function takes an image created with the PHP's image functions and makes it available for the pdf document. The function returns a pdf image identifier.
Example 1. Including a memory image <?php $im = ImageCreate(100, 100); $col = ImageColorAllocate($im, 80, 45, 190); ImageFill($im, 10, 10, $col); $pim = PDF_open_memory_image($pdf, $im); ImageDestroy($im); pdf_place_image($pdf, $pim, 100, 100, 1); pdf_close_image($pdf, $pim); ?> |
See also PDF_close_image(), PDF_open_jpeg(), PDF_open_gif(), PDF_execute_image(), PDF_place_image(), PDF_put_image().
PDF_open_jpeg -- JPEG image¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int pdf_open_jpeg
(int pdf document, string filename);
The PDF_open_jpeg() function opens an image stored in the file with the name filename. The format of the image has to be jpeg. The function returns a pdf image identifier.
See also PDF_close_image(), PDF_open_gif(), PDF_open_png(), PDF_open_memory_image(), PDF_execute_image(), PDF_place_image(), PDF_put_image().
PDF_close_image -- image¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pdf_close_image
(int image);
The PDF_close_image() function closes an image which has been opened with any of the PDF_open_xxx() functions.
See also PDF_open_jpeg(), PDF_open_gif(), PDF_open_png(), PDF_open_memory_image().
PDF_place_image -- image¸¦ page¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
void pdf_place_image
(int pdf document, int image, double x-koor, double y-koor, double scale);
The PDF_place_image() function places an image on the page at postion (x-koor, x-koor). The image can be scaled at the same time.
See also PDF_put_image().
PDF_put_image -- ³ªÁß¿¡ ¾²±â À§ÇØ image¸¦ PDF¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_put_image
(int
pdf document, int image)
The PDF_put_image() function places an image in the PDF file without showing it. The stored image can be displayed with the PDF_execute_image() function as many times as needed. This is useful when using the same image multiple times in order to keep the file size small. Using PDF_put_image() and PDF_execute_image() is highly recommended for larger images (several kb) if they show up more than once in the document.
Note: This function has become meaningless with version 2.01 of pdflib. It will just output a warning.
See also PDF_put_image(), PDF_place_image(), PDF_execute_image().
PDF_execute_image -- ÀúÀåµÈ image¸¦ page¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
void pdf_execute_image
(int pdf document, int image, double x-coor, double y-coor, double scale);
The PDF_execute_image function displays an image that has been put in the PDF file with the PDF_put_image() function on the current page at the given coordinates.
The image can be scaled while displaying it. A scale of 1.0 will show the image in the original size.
Example 1. Multiple show of an image <?php $im = ImageCreate(100, 100); $col1 = ImageColorAllocate($im, 80, 45, 190); ImageFill($im, 10, 10, $col1); $pim = PDF_open_memory_image($pdf, $im); pdf_put_image($pdf, $pim); pdf_execute_image($pdf, $pim, 100, 100, 1); pdf_execute_image($pdf, $pim, 200, 200, 2); pdf_close_image($pdf, $pim); ?> |
pdf_add_annotation -- ÁÖ¼®À» ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
void pdf_add_annotation
(int pdf document, double llx, double lly, double urx, double ury, string title, string content);
The pdf_add_annotation() adds a note with the lower left corner at (llx, lly) and the upper right corner at (urx, ury).
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº Perl Compatible Regular Expressions¿Í ÇÔ²² µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµé¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅÏÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀº Perl°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. Ç¥Çö½ÄÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã µÎ °³ÀÇ ±¸È¹¹®ÀÚ(¿¹¸¦µé¾î ½½·¡½Ã(/)°°Àº)·Î µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ËÆĺªÀ̳ª ¼ýÀÚ È¤Àº ¹é½½·¡½Ã(\)¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾î¶² ¹®ÀÚµµ ±¸È¹¹®ÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±¸È¹¹®ÀÚ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥Çö½Ä ³»¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¹é½½·¡½Ã·Î escapeÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.(¾Õ¿¡ ¹é½½·¡½Ã¸¦ ºÙÀÌ¸é µÈ´Ù.)
Á¾·á¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±¸È¹¹®ÀÚ µÚ¿¡´Â ¸ÅĪ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿©·¯ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ºÙ¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº Pattern Modifiers¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.
Example 1. Examples of valid patterns /<\/\w+>/ |(\d{3})-\d+|Sm /^(?I)php[34]/ |
Example 2. Examples of invalid patterns /href='(.*)' - missing ending delimiter /\w+\s*\w+/J - unknown option 'J' 1-\d3-\d3-\d4| - missing starting delimiter |
Note: ÀÌ ÆÞ È£È¯ Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP 4 ¿Í PHP 3.0.9 À̻󿡼 µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
preg_match -- Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä °Ë»öÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int preg_match
(string
pattern, string subject [, array matches])
Searches subject for a match to the regular expression given in pattern.
If matches is provided, then it is filled with the results of search. $matches[0] will contain the text that match the full pattern, $matches[1] will have the text that matched the first captured parenthesized subpattern, and so on.
Returns true if a match for pattern was found in the subject string, or false if not match was found or an error occurred.
Example 1. Getting the page number out of a string
|
See also preg_match_all(), preg_replace(), and preg_split().
preg_match_all -- Àü¿ªÀûÀÎ Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä °Ë»öÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int preg_match_all
(string pattern, string subject, array matches [, int order])
Searches subject for all matches to the regular expression given in pattern and puts them in matches in the order specified by order.
After the first match is found, the subsequent searches are continued on from end of the last match.
order can be one of two things:
Orders results so that $matches[0] is an array of full pattern matches, $matches[1] is an array of strings matched by the first parenthesized subpattern, and so on.
1 2 preg_match_all("|<[^>]+>(.*)</[^>]+>|U", "<b>example: </b><div align=left>a test</div>", $out, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER); 3 print $out[0][0].", ".$out[0][1]."\n"; 4 print $out[1][0].", ".$out[1][1]."\n" 5 |
This example will produce:
1 2 <b>example: </b>, <div align=left>this is a test</div> 3 example: , this is a test 4 |
So, $out[0] contains array of strings that matched full pattern, and $out[1] contains array of strings enclosed by tags.
Orders results so that $matches[0] is an array of first set of matches, $matches[1] is an array of second set of matches, and so on.
1 2 preg_match_all("|<[^>]+>(.*)</[^>]+>|U", "<b>example: </b><div align=left>a test</div>", $out, PREG_SET_ORDER); 3 print $out[0][0].", ".$out[0][1]."\n"; 4 print $out[1][0].", ".$out[1][1]."\n" 5 |
This example will produce:
1 2 <b>example: </b>, example: 3 <div align=left>this is a test</div>, this is a test 4 |
If order is not specified, it is assumed to be PREG_PATTERN_ORDER.
Returns the number of full pattern matches, or false if no match is found or an error occurred.
Example 1. Getting all phone numbers out of some text.
|
See also preg_match(), preg_replace(), and preg_split().
preg_replace -- Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ °Ë»ö°ú ¹Ù²Ù±â¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
mixed preg_replace
(mixed pattern, mixed replacement, mixed subject)
Searches subject for matches to pattern and replaces them with replacement .
replacement may contain references of the form \\n. Every such reference will be replaced by the text captured by the n'th parenthesized pattern. n can be from 0 to 99, and \\0 refers to the text matched by the whole pattern. Opening parentheses are counted from left to right (starting from 1) to obtain the number of the capturing subpattern.
If no matches are found in subject, then it will be returned unchanged.
Every parameter to preg_replace() can be an array.
If subject is an array, then the search and replace is performed on every entry of subject, and the return value is an array as well.
If pattern and replacement are arrays, then preg_replace() takes a value from each array and uses them to do search and replace on subject. If replacement has fewer values than pattern, then empty string is used for the rest of replacement values. If pattern is an array and replacement is a string; then this replacement string is used for every value of pattern. The converse would not make sense, though.
/e modifier makes preg_replace() treat the replacement parameter as PHP code after the appropriate references substitution is done. Tip: make sure that replacement constitutes a valid PHP code string, otherwise PHP will complain about a parse error at the line containing preg_replace().
Note: This modifier was added in PHP 4.0.
Example 1. Replacing several values
|
This example will produce:
1 2 $startDate = 5/27/1999 3 |
Example 2. Using /e modifier
This would capitalize all HTML tags in the input text. |
See also preg_match(), preg_match_all(), and preg_split().
preg_split -- Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡ µû¸¥ ¹®ÀÚ¿ ³ª´©±â¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
array preg_split
(string pattern, string
subject [, int limit [, int flags]])
Note: Parameter flags was added in PHP Beta 3.
Returns an array containing substrings of subject split along boundaries matched by pattern.
If limit is specified, then only substrings up to limit are returned.
If flags is PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY then only non-empty pieces will be by preg_split().
Example 1. Getting parts of search string
|
See also preg_match(), preg_match_all(), and preg_replace().
preg_quote -- Á¤±Ô Ç¥Çö½Ä¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» backslash°¡ ºÙÀº ¹®ÀÚ·Î Àüȯ(quote)ÇÑ´Ù.
string preg_quote
(string str)
preg_quote() takes str and puts a backslash in front of every character that is part of the regular expression syntax. This is useful if you have a run-time string that you need to match in some text and the string may contain special regex characters.
The special regular expression characters are:
. \\ + * ? [ ^ ] $ ( ) { } = ! < > | : |
Note: This function was added in PHP 3.0.9.
preg_grep -- ¹è¿¿¡¼ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¿ø¼ÒµéÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array preg_grep
(string
pattern, array input)
preg_grep() returns the array consisting of the elements of the input array that match the given pattern.
Example 1. preg_grep() example
|
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
Pattern Modifiers -- regex ÆÐÅÏÀÇ °¡´ÉÇÑ º¯°æÀÚ(modifier)¸¦ ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù.
ÇöÀç PCRE¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ º¯°æÀÚ(modifier)µéÀº ¾Æ·¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Ù. °ýÈ£¾ÈÀÇ À̸§Àº ÇØ´ç ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© PCRE ³»ºÎ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À̸§ÀÌ´Ù.
- i (PCRE_CASELESS)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÆÐÅÏÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ´Â ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ¸ðµÎ ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù.
- m (PCRE_MULTILINE)
- ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î, PCRE´Â (ºñ·Ï ¾È¿¡ °³Çâ ¹®ÀÚ°¡ À־) ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ÇÑÁÙ·Î Ãë±ÞÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, "ÁÙ ½ÃÀÛ"À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸ÞŸ ij¸¯ÅÍ(^)´Â ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡¸¸ ¸ÅĪµÇ°í, "ÁÙ ³¡"À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸ÞŸ ij¸¯ÅÍ($)´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ³¡À̳ª, (E optionÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é) newlineÀÌ ³¡³ª±â Àü¿¡ ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Perl°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
- ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¸é, "ÁÙ ½ÃÀÛ"°ú "ÁÙ ³¡"ÀÌ ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ¸ðµç °³°³ÀÇ newlineÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡¿¡ ¸ÅĪµÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº PerlÀÇ /m ¿É¼Ç°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡ "\n"¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ^³ª $°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾Æ¹« Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø°ÔµÈ´Ù.
- s (PCRE_DOTALL)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÆÐÅÏÀÇ Á¡ ¸ÞŸ ij¸¯ÅÍ(.)´Â °³Ç๮ÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¾î¶² ¹®ÀÚ¿¡µµ ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é °³Ç๮ÀÚ´Â Á¦¿ÜµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº PerlÀÇ /s ¿É¼Ç°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. [^a]°°Àº negative class´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª °³Ç๮ÀÚ¿¡ ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù.
- x (PCRE_EXTENDED)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÆÐÅÏÀÇ °ø¹é¹®ÀÚ´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. ´Ü, escapeµÇ¾î Àְųª, character class¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â À¯È¿ÇÏ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ character class¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â unescaped # °ú ´ÙÀ½ °³Ç๮ÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®Àڵ鵵 ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº PerlÀÇ /x ¿É¼Ç°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°í, º¹ÀâÇÑ ÆÐÅÏÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ÁÖ¼®¹®À» ³Ö¾îµÎ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖÀÇÇÒÁ¡Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ´ÜÁö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¹®Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇؼ¸¸ ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ø¹é ¹®ÀÚµéÀº ÆÐÅÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ sequence »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î conditional subpatternÀÎ (?( sequence »çÀÌ¿¡¼´Â ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
- e
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, preg_replace()´Â ±³Ã¼ ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡ ÀÖ´Â \\¿¡ ´ëÇØ PHP Äڵ忡¼ ÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀΠġȯÀ» ¸ÕÀú ÇÏ°í, ±× °á°ú¸¦ Ž»ö ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (If this option is set, preg_replace() does normal substitution of \\ references in the replacement string, evaluates it as PHP code, and uses the result for replacing the search string.)
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ preg_replace()¿¡¼¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ PCRE ÇÔ¼öµé¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.- A (PCRE_ANCHORED)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÆÐÅÏÀÌ "anchored"µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í °Á¦·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ž»öµÇ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿("subject string")ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡¼¸¸ ¸ÅĪµÇµµ·Ï °Á¦ÇÑ´Ù. This effect can also be achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the only way to do it in Perl.
- E (PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é $ ¸ÞŸ ij¸¯ÅÍ´Â ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ¸Ç ¸¶Áö¸·°ú ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, $´Â ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀÚ°¡ newlineÀ̸é ÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ ¾Õ°ú ¸ÅĪµÈ´Ù.(¸ðµç newlineÀÇ ¾ÕÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.) ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº m ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. Perl¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¾ø´Ù.
- S
- ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ¿©·¯¹ø »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é, ¸ÅĪÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÆÐÅÏÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é º°µµÀÇ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù. ¿äÁò¿¡ ÀÌ ÆÐÅÏ studyingÀº ÇÑ °³ÀÇ °íÁ¤µÈ ½ÃÀÛ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â non-anchored ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ¸¸ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
- U (PCRE_UNGREEDY)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼ö·® ±âÈ£ÀÇ "greediness"¸¦ ¹ÝÀü½ÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ µðÆúÆ®·Î greedy ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª "?"´ÙÀ½¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â greedyÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¡Àº Perl°ú ȣȯÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÆÐÅϾȿ¡ (?U) ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
- X (PCRE_EXTRA)
- ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº PCREÀÇ Perl°ú ºñȣȯµÇ´Â Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ±â´ÉÀ» È°¼ºÈ ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐÅÏ¿¡°Å ¹é½½·¡½Ã µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¹®ÀÚÁß¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÈÄ¿¡ È®ÀåÀ» À§ÇؼÀÌ´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Perl¿¡¼´Â ¹é½½·¡½Ã µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â Àǹ̾ø´Â ¹®ÀÚµéÀº ÀÏ¹Ý ¹®ÀÚ·Î Ãë±ÞµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀº ÇöÀç ÀÌ°Í »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
Pattern Syntax -- describes PCRE regex syntax
The PCRE library is a set of functions that implement regular
expression pattern matching using the same syntax and semantics
as Perl 5, with just a few differences (see below). The current
implementation corresponds to Perl 5.005.
The differences described here are with respect to Perl
5.005.
1. By default, a whitespace character is any character that
the C library function isspace() recognizes, though it is
possible to compile PCRE with alternative character type
tables. Normally isspace() matches space, formfeed, newline,
carriage return, horizontal tab, and vertical tab. Perl 5 no
longer includes vertical tab in its set of whitespace char-
acters. The \v escape that was in the Perl documentation for
a long time was never in fact recognized. However, the char-
acter itself was treated as whitespace at least up to 5.002.
In 5.004 and 5.005 it does not match \s.
2. PCRE does not allow repeat quantifiers on lookahead
assertions. Perl permits them, but they do not mean what you
might think. For example, (?!a){3} does not assert that the
next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the
next character is not "a" three times.
3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative looka-
head assertions are counted, but their entries in the
offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its numerical vari-
ables from any such patterns that are matched before the
assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but
only if the negative lookahead assertion contains just one
branch.
4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the sub-
ject string, they are not allowed in a pattern string
because it is passed as a normal C string, terminated by
zero. The escape sequence "\0" can be used in the pattern to
represent a binary zero.
5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported:
\l, \u, \L, \U, \E, \Q. In fact these are implemented by
Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pat-
tern matching engine.
6. The Perl \G assertion is not supported as it is not
relevant to single pattern matches.
7. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code})
construction.
8. There are at the time of writing some oddities in Perl
5.005_02 concerned with the settings of captured strings
when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching
"aba" against the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ sets $2 to the value
"b", but matching "aabbaa" against /^(aa(bb)?)+$/ leaves $2
unset. However, if the pattern is changed to
/^(aa(b(b))?)+$/ then $2 (and $3) get set.
In Perl 5.004 $2 is set in both cases, and that is also true
of PCRE. If in the future Perl changes to a consistent state
that is different, PCRE may change to follow.
9. Another as yet unresolved discrepancy is that in Perl
5.005_02 the pattern /^(a)?(?(1)a|b)+$/ matches the string
"a", whereas in PCRE it does not. However, in both Perl and
PCRE /^(a)?a/ matched against "a" leaves $1 unset.
10. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular
expression facilities:
(a) Although lookbehind assertions must match fixed length
strings, each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion
can match a different length of string. Perl 5.005 requires
them all to have the same length.
(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not
set, the $ meta- character matches only at the very end of
the string.
(c) If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter
with no special meaning is faulted.
(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repeti-
tion quantifiers is inverted, that is, by default they are
not greedy, but if followed by a question mark they are.
The syntax and semantics of the regular expressions sup-
ported by PCRE are described below. Regular expressions are
also described in the Perl documentation and in a number of
other books, some of which have copious examples. Jeffrey
Friedl's "Mastering Regular Expressions", published by
O'Reilly (ISBN 1-56592-257-3), covers them in great detail.
The description here is intended as reference documentation.
A regular expression is a pattern that is matched against a
subject string from left to right. Most characters stand for
themselves in a pattern, and match the corresponding charac-
ters in the subject. As a trivial example, the pattern
The quick brown fox
matches a portion of a subject string that is identical to
itself. The power of regular expressions comes from the
ability to include alternatives and repetitions in the pat-
tern. These are encoded in the pattern by the use of meta-
characters, which do not stand for themselves but instead
are interpreted in some special way.
There are two different sets of meta-characters: those that
are recognized anywhere in the pattern except within square
brackets, and those that are recognized in square brackets.
Outside square brackets, the meta-characters are as follows:
\ general escape character with several uses
^ assert start of subject (or line, in multiline
mode)
$ assert end of subject (or line, in multiline mode)
. match any character except newline (by default)
[ start character class definition
| start of alternative branch
( start subpattern
) end subpattern
? extends the meaning of (
also 0 or 1 quantifier
also quantifier minimizer
* 0 or more quantifier
+ 1 or more quantifier
{ start min/max quantifier
Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a
"character class". In a character class the only meta-
characters are:
\ general escape character
^ negate the class, but only if the first character
- indicates character range
] terminates the character class
The following sections describe the use of each of the
meta-characters.
BACKSLASH
The backslash character has several uses. Firstly, if it is
followed by a non-alphameric character, it takes away any
special meaning that character may have. This use of
backslash as an escape character applies both inside and
outside character classes.
For example, if you want to match a "*" character, you write
"\*" in the pattern. This applies whether or not the follow-
ing character would otherwise be interpreted as a meta-
character, so it is always safe to precede a non-alphameric
with "\" to specify that it stands for itself. In particu-
lar, if you want to match a backslash, you write "\\".
If a pattern is compiled with the PCRE_EXTENDED option, whi-
tespace in the pattern (other than in a character class) and
characters between a "#" outside a character class and the
next newline character are ignored. An escaping backslash
can be used to include a whitespace or "#" character as part
of the pattern.
A second use of backslash provides a way of encoding non-
printing characters in patterns in a visible manner. There
is no restriction on the appearance of non-printing charac-
ters, apart from the binary zero that terminates a pattern,
but when a pattern is being prepared by text editing, it is
usually easier to use one of the following escape sequences
than the binary character it represents:
\a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07)
\cx "control-x", where x is any character
\e escape (hex 1B)
\f formfeed (hex 0C)
\n newline (hex 0A)
\r carriage return (hex 0D)
\t tab (hex 09)
\xhh character with hex code hh
\ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference
The precise effect of "\cx" is as follows: if "x" is a lower
case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of
the character (hex 40) is inverted. Thus "\cz" becomes hex
1A, but "\c{" becomes hex 3B, while "\c;" becomes hex 7B.
After "\x", up to two hexadecimal digits are read (letters
can be in upper or lower case).
After "\0" up to two further octal digits are read. In both
cases, if there are fewer than two digits, just those that
are present are used. Thus the sequence "\0\x\07" specifies
two binary zeros followed by a BEL character. Make sure you
supply two digits after the initial zero if the character
that follows is itself an octal digit.
The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0
is complicated. Outside a character class, PCRE reads it
and any following digits as a decimal number. If the number
is less than 10, or if there have been at least that many
previous capturing left parentheses in the expression, the
entire sequence is taken as a back reference. A description
of how this works is given later, following the discussion
of parenthesized subpatterns.
Inside a character class, or if the decimal number is
greater than 9 and there have not been that many capturing
subpatterns, PCRE re-reads up to three octal digits follow-
ing the backslash, and generates a single byte from the
least significant 8 bits of the value. Any subsequent digits
stand for themselves. For example:
\040 is another way of writing a space
\40 is the same, provided there are fewer than 40
previous capturing subpatterns
\7 is always a back reference
\11 might be a back reference, or another way of
writing a tab
\011 is always a tab
\0113 is a tab followed by the character "3"
\113 is the character with octal code 113 (since there
can be no more than 99 back references)
\377 is a byte consisting entirely of 1 bits
\81 is either a back reference, or a binary zero
followed by the two characters "8" and "1"
Note that octal values of 100 or greater must not be intro-
duced by a leading zero, because no more than three octal
digits are ever read.
All the sequences that define a single byte value can be
used both inside and outside character classes. In addition,
inside a character class, the sequence "\b" is interpreted
as the backspace character (hex 08). Outside a character
class it has a different meaning (see below).
The third use of backslash is for specifying generic charac-
ter types:
\d any decimal digit
\D any character that is not a decimal digit
\s any whitespace character
\S any character that is not a whitespace character
\w any "word" character
\W any "non-word" character
Each pair of escape sequences partitions the complete set of
characters into two disjoint sets. Any given character
matches one, and only one, of each pair.
A "word" character is any letter or digit or the underscore
character, that is, any character which can be part of a
Perl "word". The definition of letters and digits is con-
trolled by PCRE's character tables, and may vary if locale-
specific matching is taking place (see "Locale support"
above). For example, in the "fr" (French) locale, some char-
acter codes greater than 128 are used for accented letters,
and these are matched by \w.
These character type sequences can appear both inside and
outside character classes. They each match one character of
the appropriate type. If the current matching point is at
the end of the subject string, all of them fail, since there
is no character to match.
The fourth use of backslash is for certain simple asser-
tions. An assertion specifies a condition that has to be met
at a particular point in a match, without consuming any
characters from the subject string. The use of subpatterns
for more complicated assertions is described below. The
backslashed assertions are
\b word boundary
\B not a word boundary
\A start of subject (independent of multiline mode)
\Z end of subject or newline at end (independent of
multiline mode)
\z end of subject (independent of multiline mode)
These assertions may not appear in character classes (but
note that "\b" has a different meaning, namely the backspace
character, inside a character class).
A word boundary is a position in the subject string where
the current character and the previous character do not both
match \w or \W (i.e. one matches \w and the other matches
\W), or the start or end of the string if the first or last
character matches \w, respectively.
The \A, \Z, and \z assertions differ from the traditional
circumflex and dollar (described below) in that they only
ever match at the very start and end of the subject string,
whatever options are set. They are not affected by the
PCRE_NOTBOL or PCRE_NOTEOL options. The difference between
\Z and \z is that \Z matches before a newline that is the
last character of the string as well as at the end of the
string, whereas \z matches only at the end.
CIRCUMFLEX AND DOLLAR
Outside a character class, in the default matching mode, the
circumflex character is an assertion which is true only if
the current matching point is at the start of the subject
string. Inside a character class, circumflex has an entirely
different meaning (see below).
Circumflex need not be the first character of the pattern if
a number of alternatives are involved, but it should be the
first thing in each alternative in which it appears if the
pattern is ever to match that branch. If all possible alter-
natives start with a circumflex, that is, if the pattern is
constrained to match only at the start of the subject, it is
said to be an "anchored" pattern. (There are also other con-
structs that can cause a pattern to be anchored.)
A dollar character is an assertion which is true only if the
current matching point is at the end of the subject string,
or immediately before a newline character that is the last
character in the string (by default). Dollar need not be the
last character of the pattern if a number of alternatives
are involved, but it should be the last item in any branch
in which it appears. Dollar has no special meaning in a
character class.
The meaning of dollar can be changed so that it matches only
at the very end of the string, by setting the
PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option at compile or matching time. This
does not affect the \Z assertion.
The meanings of the circumflex and dollar characters are
changed if the PCRE_MULTILINE option is set. When this is
the case, they match immediately after and immediately
before an internal "\n" character, respectively, in addition
to matching at the start and end of the subject string. For
example, the pattern /^abc$/ matches the subject string
"def\nabc" in multiline mode, but not otherwise. Conse-
quently, patterns that are anchored in single line mode
because all branches start with "^" are not anchored in mul-
tiline mode. The PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored if
PCRE_MULTILINE is set.
Note that the sequences \A, \Z, and \z can be used to match
the start and end of the subject in both modes, and if all
branches of a pattern start with \A is it always anchored,
whether PCRE_MULTILINE is set or not.
FULL STOP (PERIOD, DOT)
Outside a character class, a dot in the pattern matches any
one character in the subject, including a non-printing
character, but not (by default) newline. If the PCRE_DOTALL
option is set, then dots match newlines as well. The han-
dling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of cir-
cumflex and dollar, the only relationship being that they
both involve newline characters. Dot has no special meaning
in a character class.
SQUARE BRACKETS
An opening square bracket introduces a character class, ter-
minated by a closing square bracket. A closing square
bracket on its own is not special. If a closing square
bracket is required as a member of the class, it should be
the first data character in the class (after an initial cir-
cumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash.
A character class matches a single character in the subject;
the character must be in the set of characters defined by
the class, unless the first character in the class is a cir-
cumflex, in which case the subject character must not be in
the set defined by the class. If a circumflex is actually
required as a member of the class, ensure it is not the
first character, or escape it with a backslash.
For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower
case vowel, while [^aeiou] matches any character that is not
a lower case vowel. Note that a circumflex is just a con-
venient notation for specifying the characters which are in
the class by enumerating those that are not. It is not an
assertion: it still consumes a character from the subject
string, and fails if the current pointer is at the end of
the string.
When caseless matching is set, any letters in a class
represent both their upper case and lower case versions, so
for example, a caseless [aeiou] matches "A" as well as "a",
and a caseless [^aeiou] does not match "A", whereas a case-
ful version would.
The newline character is never treated in any special way in
character classes, whatever the setting of the PCRE_DOTALL
or PCRE_MULTILINE options is. A class such as [^a] will
always match a newline.
The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range
of characters in a character class. For example, [d-m]
matches any letter between d and m, inclusive. If a minus
character is required in a class, it must be escaped with a
backslash or appear in a position where it cannot be inter-
preted as indicating a range, typically as the first or last
character in the class.
It is not possible to have the literal character "]" as the
end character of a range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is
interpreted as a class of two characters ("W" and "-") fol-
lowed by a literal string "46]", so it would match "W46]" or
"-46]". However, if the "]" is escaped with a backslash it
is interpreted as the end of range, so [W-\]46] is inter-
preted as a single class containing a range followed by two
separate characters. The octal or hexadecimal representation
of "]" can also be used to end a range.
Ranges operate in ASCII collating sequence. They can also be
used for characters specified numerically, for example
[\000-\037]. If a range that includes letters is used when
caseless matching is set, it matches the letters in either
case. For example, [W-c] is equivalent to [][\^_`wxyzabc],
matched caselessly, and if character tables for the "fr"
locale are in use, [\xc8-\xcb] matches accented E characters
in both cases.
The character types \d, \D, \s, \S, \w, and \W may also
appear in a character class, and add the characters that
they match to the class. For example, [\dABCDEF] matches any
hexadecimal digit. A circumflex can conveniently be used
with the upper case character types to specify a more res-
tricted set of characters than the matching lower case type.
For example, the class [^\W_] matches any letter or digit,
but not underscore.
All non-alphameric characters other than \, -, ^ (at the
start) and the terminating ] are non-special in character
classes, but it does no harm if they are escaped.
VERTICAL BAR
Vertical bar characters are used to separate alternative
patterns. For example, the pattern
gilbert|sullivan
matches either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alter-
natives may appear, and an empty alternative is permitted
(matching the empty string). The matching process tries
each alternative in turn, from left to right, and the first
one that succeeds is used. If the alternatives are within a
subpattern (defined below), "succeeds" means matching the
rest of the main pattern as well as the alternative in the
subpattern.
INTERNAL OPTION SETTING
The settings of PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL,
and PCRE_EXTENDED can be changed from within the pattern by
a sequence of Perl option letters enclosed between "(?" and
")". The option letters are
i for PCRE_CASELESS
m for PCRE_MULTILINE
s for PCRE_DOTALL
x for PCRE_EXTENDED
For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is
also possible to unset these options by preceding the letter
with a hyphen, and a combined setting and unsetting such as
(?im-sx), which sets PCRE_CASELESS and PCRE_MULTILINE while
unsetting PCRE_DOTALL and PCRE_EXTENDED, is also permitted.
If a letter appears both before and after the hyphen, the
option is unset.
The scope of these option changes depends on where in the
pattern the setting occurs. For settings that are outside
any subpattern (defined below), the effect is the same as if
the options were set or unset at the start of matching. The
following patterns all behave in exactly the same way:
(?i)abc
a(?i)bc
ab(?i)c
abc(?i)
which in turn is the same as compiling the pattern abc with
PCRE_CASELESS set. In other words, such "top level" set-
tings apply to the whole pattern (unless there are other
changes inside subpatterns). If there is more than one set-
ting of the same option at top level, the rightmost setting
is used.
If an option change occurs inside a subpattern, the effect
is different. This is a change of behaviour in Perl 5.005.
An option change inside a subpattern affects only that part
of the subpattern that follows it, so
(a(?i)b)c
matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming
PCRE_CASELESS is not used). By this means, options can be
made to have different settings in different parts of the
pattern. Any changes made in one alternative do carry on
into subsequent branches within the same subpattern. For
example,
(a(?i)b|c)
matches "ab", "aB", "c", and "C", even though when matching
"C" the first branch is abandoned before the option setting.
This is because the effects of option settings happen at
compile time. There would be some very weird behaviour oth-
erwise.
The PCRE-specific options PCRE_UNGREEDY and PCRE_EXTRA can
be changed in the same way as the Perl-compatible options by
using the characters U and X respectively. The (?X) flag
setting is special in that it must always occur earlier in
the pattern than any of the additional features it turns on,
even when it is at top level. It is best put at the start.
SUBPATTERNS
Subpatterns are delimited by parentheses (round brackets),
which can be nested. Marking part of a pattern as a subpat-
tern does two things:
1. It localizes a set of alternatives. For example, the pat-
tern
cat(aract|erpillar|)
matches one of the words "cat", "cataract", or "caterpil-
lar". Without the parentheses, it would match "cataract",
"erpillar" or the empty string.
2. It sets up the subpattern as a capturing subpattern (as
defined above). When the whole pattern matches, that por-
tion of the subject string that matched the subpattern is
passed back to the caller via the ovector argument of
pcre_exec(). Opening parentheses are counted from left to
right (starting from 1) to obtain the numbers of the captur-
ing subpatterns.
For example, if the string "the red king" is matched against
the pattern
the ((red|white) (king|queen))
the captured substrings are "red king", "red", and "king",
and are numbered 1, 2, and 3.
The fact that plain parentheses fulfil two functions is not
always helpful. There are often times when a grouping sub-
pattern is required without a capturing requirement. If an
opening parenthesis is followed by "?:", the subpattern does
not do any capturing, and is not counted when computing the
number of any subsequent capturing subpatterns. For example,
if the string "the white queen" is matched against the
pattern
the ((?:red|white) (king|queen))
the captured substrings are "white queen" and "queen", and
are numbered 1 and 2. The maximum number of captured sub-
strings is 99, and the maximum number of all subpatterns,
both capturing and non-capturing, is 200.
As a convenient shorthand, if any option settings are
required at the start of a non-capturing subpattern, the
option letters may appear between the "?" and the ":". Thus
the two patterns
(?i:saturday|sunday)
(?:(?i)saturday|sunday)
match exactly the same set of strings. Because alternative
branches are tried from left to right, and options are not
reset until the end of the subpattern is reached, an option
setting in one branch does affect subsequent branches, so
the above patterns match "SUNDAY" as well as "Saturday".
REPETITION
Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can follow any
of the following items:
a single character, possibly escaped
the . metacharacter
a character class
a back reference (see next section)
a parenthesized subpattern (unless it is an assertion -
see below)
The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and
maximum number of permitted matches, by giving the two
numbers in curly brackets (braces), separated by a comma.
The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must be
less than or equal to the second. For example:
z{2,4}
matches "zz", "zzz", or "zzzz". A closing brace on its own
is not a special character. If the second number is omitted,
but the comma is present, there is no upper limit; if the
second number and the comma are both omitted, the quantifier
specifies an exact number of required matches. Thus
[aeiou]{3,}
matches at least 3 successive vowels, but may match many
more, while
\d{8}
matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that
appears in a position where a quantifier is not allowed, or
one that does not match the syntax of a quantifier, is taken
as a literal character. For example, {,6} is not a quantif-
ier, but a literal string of four characters.
The quantifier {0} is permitted, causing the expression to
behave as if the previous item and the quantifier were not
present.
For convenience (and historical compatibility) the three
most common quantifiers have single-character abbreviations:
* is equivalent to {0,}
+ is equivalent to {1,}
? is equivalent to {0,1}
It is possible to construct infinite loops by following a
subpattern that can match no characters with a quantifier
that has no upper limit, for example:
(a?)*
Earlier versions of Perl and PCRE used to give an error at
compile time for such patterns. However, because there are
cases where this can be useful, such patterns are now
accepted, but if any repetition of the subpattern does in
fact match no characters, the loop is forcibly broken.
By default, the quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they
match as much as possible (up to the maximum number of per-
mitted times), without causing the rest of the pattern to
fail. The classic example of where this gives problems is in
trying to match comments in C programs. These appear between
the sequences /* and */ and within the sequence, individual
* and / characters may appear. An attempt to match C com-
ments by applying the pattern
/\*.*\*/
to the string
/* first command */ not comment /* second comment */
fails, because it matches the entire string due to the
greediness of the .* item.
However, if a quantifier is followed by a question mark,
then it ceases to be greedy, and instead matches the minimum
number of times possible, so the pattern
/\*.*?\*/
does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning of the
various quantifiers is not otherwise changed, just the pre-
ferred number of matches. Do not confuse this use of ques-
tion mark with its use as a quantifier in its own right.
Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as
in
\d??\d
which matches one digit by preference, but can match two if
that is the only way the rest of the pattern matches.
If the PCRE_UNGREEDY option is set (an option which is not
available in Perl) then the quantifiers are not greedy by
default, but individual ones can be made greedy by following
them with a question mark. In other words, it inverts the
default behaviour.
When a parenthesized subpattern is quantified with a minimum
repeat count that is greater than 1 or with a limited max-
imum, more store is required for the compiled pattern, in
proportion to the size of the minimum or maximum.
If a pattern starts with .* or .{0,} and the PCRE_DOTALL
option (equivalent to Perl's /s) is set, thus allowing the .
to match newlines, then the pattern is implicitly anchored,
because whatever follows will be tried against every charac-
ter position in the subject string, so there is no point in
retrying the overall match at any position after the first.
PCRE treats such a pattern as though it were preceded by \A.
In cases where it is known that the subject string contains
no newlines, it is worth setting PCRE_DOTALL when the pat-
tern begins with .* in order to obtain this optimization, or
alternatively using ^ to indicate anchoring explicitly.
When a capturing subpattern is repeated, the value captured
is the substring that matched the final iteration. For exam-
ple, after
(tweedle[dume]{3}\s*)+
has matched "tweedledum tweedledee" the value of the cap-
tured substring is "tweedledee". However, if there are
nested capturing subpatterns, the corresponding captured
values may have been set in previous iterations. For exam-
ple, after
/(a|(b))+/
matches "aba" the value of the second captured substring is
"b".
BACK REFERENCES
Outside a character class, a backslash followed by a digit
greater than 0 (and possibly further digits) is a back
reference to a capturing subpattern earlier (i.e. to its
left) in the pattern, provided there have been that many
previous capturing left parentheses.
However, if the decimal number following the backslash is
less than 10, it is always taken as a back reference, and
causes an error only if there are not that many capturing
left parentheses in the entire pattern. In other words, the
parentheses that are referenced need not be to the left of
the reference for numbers less than 10. See the section
entitled "Backslash" above for further details of the han-
dling of digits following a backslash.
A back reference matches whatever actually matched the cap-
turing subpattern in the current subject string, rather than
anything matching the subpattern itself. So the pattern
(sens|respons)e and \1ibility
matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsi-
bility", but not "sense and responsibility". If caseful
matching is in force at the time of the back reference, then
the case of letters is relevant. For example,
((?i)rah)\s+\1
matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even
though the original capturing subpattern is matched case-
lessly.
There may be more than one back reference to the same sub-
pattern. If a subpattern has not actually been used in a
particular match, then any back references to it always
fail. For example, the pattern
(a|(bc))\2
always fails if it starts to match "a" rather than "bc".
Because there may be up to 99 back references, all digits
following the backslash are taken as part of a potential
back reference number. If the pattern continues with a digit
character, then some delimiter must be used to terminate the
back reference. If the PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, this can
be whitespace. Otherwise an empty comment can be used.
A back reference that occurs inside the parentheses to which
it refers fails when the subpattern is first used, so, for
example, (a\1) never matches. However, such references can
be useful inside repeated subpatterns. For example, the pat-
tern
(a|b\1)+
matches any number of "a"s and also "aba", "ababaa" etc. At
each iteration of the subpattern, the back reference matches
the character string corresponding to the previous itera-
tion. In order for this to work, the pattern must be such
that the first iteration does not need to match the back
reference. This can be done using alternation, as in the
example above, or by a quantifier with a minimum of zero.
ASSERTIONS
An assertion is a test on the characters following or
preceding the current matching point that does not actually
consume any characters. The simple assertions coded as \b,
\B, \A, \Z, \z, ^ and $ are described above. More compli-
cated assertions are coded as subpatterns. There are two
kinds: those that look ahead of the current position in the
subject string, and those that look behind it.
An assertion subpattern is matched in the normal way, except
that it does not cause the current matching position to be
changed. Lookahead assertions start with (?= for positive
assertions and (?! for negative assertions. For example,
\w+(?=;)
matches a word followed by a semicolon, but does not include
the semicolon in the match, and
foo(?!bar)
matches any occurrence of "foo" that is not followed by
"bar". Note that the apparently similar pattern
(?!foo)bar
does not find an occurrence of "bar" that is preceded by
something other than "foo"; it finds any occurrence of "bar"
whatsoever, because the assertion (?!foo) is always true
when the next three characters are "bar". A lookbehind
assertion is needed to achieve this effect.
Lookbehind assertions start with (?<= for positive asser-
tions and (?<! for negative assertions. For example,
(?<!foo)bar
does find an occurrence of "bar" that is not preceded by
"foo". The contents of a lookbehind assertion are restricted
such that all the strings it matches must have a fixed
length. However, if there are several alternatives, they do
not all have to have the same fixed length. Thus
(?<=bullock|donkey)
is permitted, but
(?<!dogs?|cats?)
causes an error at compile time. Branches that match dif-
ferent length strings are permitted only at the top level of
a lookbehind assertion. This is an extension compared with
Perl 5.005, which requires all branches to match the same
length of string. An assertion such as
(?<=ab(c|de))
is not permitted, because its single top-level branch can
match two different lengths, but it is acceptable if rewrit-
ten to use two top-level branches:
(?<=abc|abde)
The implementation of lookbehind assertions is, for each
alternative, to temporarily move the current position back
by the fixed width and then try to match. If there are
insufficient characters before the current position, the
match is deemed to fail. Lookbehinds in conjunction with
once-only subpatterns can be particularly useful for match-
ing at the ends of strings; an example is given at the end
of the section on once-only subpatterns.
Several assertions (of any sort) may occur in succession.
For example,
(?<=\d{3})(?<!999)foo
matches "foo" preceded by three digits that are not "999".
Furthermore, assertions can be nested in any combination.
For example,
(?<=(?<!foo)bar)baz
matches an occurrence of "baz" that is preceded by "bar"
which in turn is not preceded by "foo".
Assertion subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns, and may
not be repeated, because it makes no sense to assert the
same thing several times. If an assertion contains capturing
subpatterns within it, these are always counted for the pur-
poses of numbering the capturing subpatterns in the whole
pattern. Substring capturing is carried out for positive
assertions, but it does not make sense for negative asser-
tions.
Assertions count towards the maximum of 200 parenthesized
subpatterns.
ONCE-ONLY SUBPATTERNS
With both maximizing and minimizing repetition, failure of
what follows normally causes the repeated item to be re-
evaluated to see if a different number of repeats allows the
rest of the pattern to match. Sometimes it is useful to
prevent this, either to change the nature of the match, or
to cause it fail earlier than it otherwise might, when the
author of the pattern knows there is no point in carrying
on.
Consider, for example, the pattern \d+foo when applied to
the subject line
123456bar
After matching all 6 digits and then failing to match "foo",
the normal action of the matcher is to try again with only 5
digits matching the \d+ item, and then with 4, and so on,
before ultimately failing. Once-only subpatterns provide the
means for specifying that once a portion of the pattern has
matched, it is not to be re-evaluated in this way, so the
matcher would give up immediately on failing to match "foo"
the first time. The notation is another kind of special
parenthesis, starting with (?> as in this example:
(?>\d+)bar
This kind of parenthesis "locks up" the part of the pattern
it contains once it has matched, and a failure further into
the pattern is prevented from backtracking into it. Back-
tracking past it to previous items, however, works as nor-
mal.
An alternative description is that a subpattern of this type
matches the string of characters that an identical stan-
dalone pattern would match, if anchored at the current point
in the subject string.
Once-only subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns. Simple
cases such as the above example can be thought of as a max-
imizing repeat that must swallow everything it can. So,
while both \d+ and \d+? are prepared to adjust the number of
digits they match in order to make the rest of the pattern
match, (?>\d+) can only match an entire sequence of digits.
This construction can of course contain arbitrarily compli-
cated subpatterns, and it can be nested.
Once-only subpatterns can be used in conjunction with look-
behind assertions to specify efficient matching at the end
of the subject string. Consider a simple pattern such as
abcd$
when applied to a long string which does not match it.
Because matching proceeds from left to right, PCRE will look
for each "a" in the subject and then see if what follows
matches the rest of the pattern. If the pattern is specified
as
^.*abcd$
then the initial .* matches the entire string at first, but
when this fails, it backtracks to match all but the last
character, then all but the last two characters, and so on.
Once again the search for "a" covers the entire string, from
right to left, so we are no better off. However, if the pat-
tern is written as
^(?>.*)(?<=abcd)
then there can be no backtracking for the .* item; it can
match only the entire string. The subsequent lookbehind
assertion does a single test on the last four characters. If
it fails, the match fails immediately. For long strings,
this approach makes a significant difference to the process-
ing time.
CONDITIONAL SUBPATTERNS
It is possible to cause the matching process to obey a sub-
pattern conditionally or to choose between two alternative
subpatterns, depending on the result of an assertion, or
whether a previous capturing subpattern matched or not. The
two possible forms of conditional subpattern are
(?(condition)yes-pattern)
(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
If the condition is satisfied, the yes-pattern is used; oth-
erwise the no-pattern (if present) is used. If there are
more than two alternatives in the subpattern, a compile-time
error occurs.
There are two kinds of condition. If the text between the
parentheses consists of a sequence of digits, then the con-
dition is satisfied if the capturing subpattern of that
number has previously matched. Consider the following pat-
tern, which contains non-significant white space to make it
more readable (assume the PCRE_EXTENDED option) and to
divide it into three parts for ease of discussion:
( \( )? [^()]+ (?(1) \) )
The first part matches an optional opening parenthesis, and
if that character is present, sets it as the first captured
substring. The second part matches one or more characters
that are not parentheses. The third part is a conditional
subpattern that tests whether the first set of parentheses
matched or not. If they did, that is, if subject started
with an opening parenthesis, the condition is true, and so
the yes-pattern is executed and a closing parenthesis is
required. Otherwise, since no-pattern is not present, the
subpattern matches nothing. In other words, this pattern
matches a sequence of non-parentheses, optionally enclosed
in parentheses.
If the condition is not a sequence of digits, it must be an
assertion. This may be a positive or negative lookahead or
lookbehind assertion. Consider this pattern, again contain-
ing non-significant white space, and with the two alterna-
tives on the second line:
(?(?=[^a-z]*[a-z])
\d{2}[a-z]{3}-\d{2} | \d{2}-\d{2}-\d{2} )
The condition is a positive lookahead assertion that matches
an optional sequence of non-letters followed by a letter. In
other words, it tests for the presence of at least one
letter in the subject. If a letter is found, the subject is
matched against the first alternative; otherwise it is
matched against the second. This pattern matches strings in
one of the two forms dd-aaa-dd or dd-dd-dd, where aaa are
letters and dd are digits.
COMMENTS
The sequence (?# marks the start of a comment which
continues up to the next closing parenthesis. Nested
parentheses are not permitted. The characters that make up a
comment play no part in the pattern matching at all.
If the PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, an unescaped # character
outside a character class introduces a comment that contin-
ues up to the next newline character in the pattern.
PERFORMANCE
Certain items that may appear in patterns are more efficient
than others. It is more efficient to use a character class
like [aeiou] than a set of alternatives such as (a|e|i|o|u).
In general, the simplest construction that provides the
required behaviour is usually the most efficient. Jeffrey
Friedl's book contains a lot of discussion about optimizing
regular expressions for efficient performance.
When a pattern begins with .* and the PCRE_DOTALL option is
set, the pattern is implicitly anchored by PCRE, since it
can match only at the start of a subject string. However, if
PCRE_DOTALL is not set, PCRE cannot make this optimization,
because the . metacharacter does not then match a newline,
and if the subject string contains newlines, the pattern may
match from the character immediately following one of them
instead of from the very start. For example, the pattern
(.*) second
matches the subject "first\nand second" (where \n stands for
a newline character) with the first captured substring being
"and". In order to do this, PCRE has to retry the match
starting after every newline in the subject.
If you are using such a pattern with subject strings that do
not contain newlines, the best performance is obtained by
setting PCRE_DOTALL, or starting the pattern with ^.* to
indicate explicit anchoring. That saves PCRE from having to
scan along the subject looking for a newline to restart at.
error_log -- ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ °÷¿¡ º¸³½´Ù.
int error_log
(string message, int message_type, string [destination], string [extra_headers]);
Sends an error message to the web server's error log, a TCP port or to a file. The first parameter, message, is the error message that should be logged. The second parameter, message_type says where the message should go:
Table 1. error_log() log types
0 |
message is sent to PHP's system logger, using the Operating System's system logging mechanism or a file, depending on what the error_log configuration directive is set to. |
1 |
message is sent by email to the address in the destination parameter. This is the only message type where the fourth parameter, extra_headers is used. This message type uses the same internal function as Mail() does. |
2 |
message is sent through the PHP debugging connection. This option is only available if remote debugging has been enabled. In this case, the destination parameter specifies the host name or IP address and optionally, port number, of the socket receiving the debug information. |
3 |
message is appended to the file destination. |
Example 1. error_log() examples // Send notification through the server log if we can not // connect to the database. if (!Ora_Logon($username, $password)) { error_log("Oracle database not available!", 0); } // Notify administrator by email if we run out of FOO if (!($foo = allocate_new_foo()) { error_log("Big trouble, we're all out of FOOs!", 1, "operator@mydomain.com"); } // other ways of calling error_log(): error_log("You messed up!", 2, "127.0.0.1:7000"); error_log("You messed up!", 2, "loghost"); error_log("You messed up!", 3, "/var/tmp/my-errors.log"); |
error_reporting -- report µÉ PHP ¿¡·¯µéÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int error_reporting
(int [level]);
Sets PHP's error reporting level and returns the old level. The error reporting level is a bitmask of the following values (follow the links for the internal values to get their meanings):
Table 1. error_reporting() bit values
value |
internal name |
---|---|
1 |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
8 |
|
16 |
|
32 |
extension_loaded -- ¾î¶² extensionÀÌ loadµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
bool extension_loaded
(string name);
Returns true if the extension identified by name is loaded. You can see the names of various extensions by using phpinfo().
See also phpinfo().
Note: This function was added in 3.0.10.
getenv -- ȯ°æ º¯¼ö(environment variable)ÀÇ °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string getenv
(string varname);
Returns the value of the environment variable varname, or false on an error.
$ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"); // get the ip number from the user
get_cfg_var -- PHP ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼Ç(configuration option)ÀÇ °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string get_cfg_var
(string varname);
Returns the current value of the PHP configuration variable specified by varname, or false if an error occurs.
It will not return configuration information set when the PHP was compiled, or read from an Apache configuration file (using the php3_configuration_option directives).
To check whether the system is using a php3.ini file, try retrieving the value of the cfg_file_path configuration setting. If this is available, a php3.ini file is being used.
get_current_user -- Çö PHP scriptÀÇ owner À̸§À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string get_current_user(void);
Returns the name of the owner of the current PHP script.
See also getmyuid(), getmypid(), getmyinode(), and getlastmod().
get_magic_quotes_gpc -- magic quotes gpcÀÇ ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ »óŸ¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
long get_magic_quotes_gpc
(void);
Returns the current active configuration setting of magic_quotes_gpc. (0 for off, 1 for on)
See also get_magic_quotes_runtime(), set_magic_quotes_runtime().
get_magic_quotes_runtime -- magic_quotes_runtimeÀÇ ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ »óŸ¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
long get_magic_quotes_runtime
(void);
Returns the current active configuration setting of magic_quotes_runtime. (0 for off, 1 for on)
See also get_magic_quotes_gpc(), set_magic_quotes_runtime().
getlastmod -- Çö ¹®¼¸¦ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£À» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int getlastmod(void);
Returns the time of the last modification of the current page. The value returned is a Unix timestamp, suitable for feeding to date(). Returns false on error.
Example 1. getlastmod() example // outputs e.g. 'Last modified: March 04 1998 20:43:59.' echo "Last modified: ".date( "F d Y H:i:s.", getlastmod() ); |
See alse date(), getmyuid(), get_current_user(), getmyinode(), and getmypid().
getmyinode -- Çö scriptÀÇ inode¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int getmyinode(void);
Returns the current script's inode, or false on error.
See also getmyuid(), get_current_user(), getmypid(), and getlastmod().
getmypid -- PHPÀÇ process ID¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int getmypid(void);
Returns the current PHP process ID, or false on error.
Note that when running as a server module, separate invocations of the script are not guaranteed to have distinct pids.
See also getmyuid(), get_current_user(), getmyinode(), and getlastmod().
getmyuid -- PHP scriptÀÇ ownerÀÇ UID °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù..
int getmyuid(void);
Returns the user ID of the current script, or false on error.
See also getmypid(), get_current_user(), getmyinode(), and getlastmod().
getrusage -- ÇöÀç ÀÚ¿øÀÇ »ç¿ë ÇöȲÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
array getrusage
(int [who]);
This is an interface to getrusage(2). It returns an associative array containing the data returned from the system call. If who is 1, getrusage will be called with RUSAGE_CHILDREN. All entries are accessible by using their documented field names.
Example 1. Getrusage Example $dat = getrusage(); echo $dat["ru_nswap"]; # number of swaps echo $dat["ru_majflt"]; # number of page faults echo $dat["ru_utime.tv_sec"]; # user time used (seconds) echo $dat["ru_utime.tv_usec"]; # user time used (microseconds) |
See your system's man page for more details.
phpinfo -- ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÇ PHP informationÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int phpinfo(void);
Outputs a large amount of information about the current state of PHP. This includes information about PHP compilation options and extensions, the PHP version, server information and environment (if compiled as a module), the PHP environment, OS version information, paths, master and local values of configuration options, HTTP headers, and the GNU Public License.
See also phpversion().
phpversion -- Çö PHP versionÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string phpversion(void);
Returns a string containing the version of the currently running PHP parser.
Example 1. phpversion() example // prints e.g. 'Current PHP version: 3.0rel-dev' echo "Current PHP version: ".phpversion(); |
See also phpinfo().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
php_logo_guid -- logo guid¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.string php_logo_guid
(void)
Note: This funcionality was added in PHP4 Beta 4.
putenv -- ȯ°æ º¯¼ö(environment variable)ÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void putenv
(string
setting)
Adds setting to the environment.
Example 1. Setting an Environment Variable
|
set_magic_quotes_runtime -- Set the current active configuration setting of magic_quotes_runtime.
long set_magic_quotes_runtime
(int new_setting);
Set the current active configuration setting of magic_quotes_runtime. (0 for off, 1 for on)
See also get_magic_quotes_gpc(), get_magic_quotes_runtime().
set_time_limit -- ½ÇÇà¿¡ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£À» ÇÑÁ¤½ÃŲ´Ù. (limit the maximum execution time)
void set_time_limit
(int seconds);
Set the number of seconds a script is allowed to run. If this is reached, the script returns a fatal error. The default limit is 30 seconds or, if it exists, the max_execution_time value defined in php3.ini. If seconds is set to zero, no time limit is imposed.
When called, set_time_limit() restarts the timeout counter from zero. In other words, if the timeout is the default 30 seconds, and 25 seconds into script execution a call such as set_time_limit( 20 ) is made, the script will run for a total of 45 seconds before timing out.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
zend_logo_guid -- zend guid¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.string zend_logo_guid
(void)
Note: This funcionality was added in PHP4 Beta 4.
ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº IEEE 1003.1 (POSIX.1) Ç¥ÁØ ¹®¼¿¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼öÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î POSIX.1¿¡´Â open(), read(), write(), close() µîÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´À³ª ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº PHP3¿¡¼ ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ Áö¿øÇÏ´ø °ÍÀ̹ǷΠÀÌ ¸ðµâ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸¹Àº ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» ½±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
posix_kill -- ƯÁ¤ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡ ½ÅÈ£(signal)À» ÁØ´Ù.
bool posix_kill
(int pid, int sig);
Send the signal sig to the process with the process identifier pid. Returns FALSE, if unable to send the signal, TRUE otherwise.
See also the kill(2) manual page of your POSIX system, which contains additional information about negative process identifiers, the special pid 0, the special pid -1, and the signal number 0.
posix_getpid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getpid
(void );
Return the process identifier of the current process.
posix_getppid -- ºÎ¸ð ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getppid
(void );
Return the process identifier of the parent process of the current process.
posix_getuid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ real user ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getuid
(void );
Return the numeric real user ID of the current process. See also posix_getpwuid() for information on how to convert this into a useable username.
posix_geteuid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ effective user ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_geteuid
(void );
Return the numeric effective user ID of the current process. See also posix_getpwuid() for information on how to convert this into a useable username.
posix_getgid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ real group ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getgid
(void );
Return the numeric real group ID of the current process. See also posix_getgrgid() for information on how to convert this into a useable group name.
posix_getegid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ effective group ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getegid
(void );
Return the numeric effective group ID of the current process. See also posix_getgrgid() for information on how to convert this into a useable group name.
posix_setuid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ effective UID¸¦ »õ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
bool posix_setuid
(int uid);
Set the real user ID of the current process. This is a privileged function and you need appropriate privileges (usually root) on your system to be able to perform this function.
Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise. See also posix_setgid().
posix_setgid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ effective GID¸¦ »õ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
bool posix_setgid
(int gid);
Set the real group ID of the current process. This is a privileged function and you need appropriate privileges (usually root) on your system to be able to perform this function. The appropriate order of function calls is posix_setgid() first, posix_setuid() last.
Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
posix_getgroups -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ group setÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array posix_getgroups
(void );
Returns an array of integers containing the numeric group ids of the group set of the current process. See also posix_getgrgid() for information on how to convert this into useable group names.
posix_getlogin -- login nameÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string posix_getlogin
(void );
Returns the login name of the user owning the current process. See posix_getpwnam() for information how to get more information about this user.
posix_getpgrp -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ group ID¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_getpgrp
(void );
Return the process group identifier of the current process. See POSIX.1 and the getpgrp(2) manual page on your POSIX system for more information on process groups.
posix_setsid -- ÇöÀç ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ session leader·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
int posix_setsid
(void );
Make the current process a session leader. See POSIX.1 and the setsid(2) manual page on your POSIX system for more informations on process groups and job control. Returns the session id.
posix_setpgid -- ƯÁ¤ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º group ID¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int posix_setpgid
(int pid, int pgid);
Let the process pid join the process group pgid. See POSIX.1 and the setsid(2) manual page on your POSIX system for more informations on process groups and job control. Returns TRUE on success, FALSE
posix_getpgid -- ƯÁ¤ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º group ID¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int posix_getpgid
(int pid);
Returns the process group identifier of the process pid.
This is not a POSIX function, but is common on BSD and System V systems. If your system does not support this function at system level, this PHP function will always return FALSE.
posix_getsid -- ƯÁ¤ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ÇöÀç sid¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int posix_getsid
(int pid);
Return the sid of the process pid. If pid is 0, the sid of the current process is returned.
This is not a POSIX function, but is common on System V systems. If your system does not support this function at system level, this PHP function will always return FALSE.
posix_uname -- system nameÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
array posix_uname
(void );
Returns a hash of strings with information about the system. The indices of the hash are
Posix requires that you must not make any assumptions about the format of the values, e.g. you cannot rely on three digit version numbers or anything else returned by this function.
posix_times -- process timesÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
array posix_times
(void );
Returns a hash of strings with information about the current process CPU usage. The indices of the hash are
posix_ctermid -- controlling terminalÀÇ path À̸§À» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
string posix_ctermid
(void );
Needs to be written.
posix_ttyname -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏ descriptorÀÇ terminal ÀåÄ¡(device) À̸§À» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string posix_ttyname
(int fd);
Needs to be written.
posix_isatty -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÆÄÀÏ descriptor°¡ interactive terminal Àΰ¡ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
bool posix_isatty
(int fd);
Needs to be written.
posix_getcwd -- ÇöÀç µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ Pathname
string posix_getcwd
(void );
Needs to be written ASAP
posix_mkfifo -- fifo special file (a named pipe)À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
bool posix_getcwd
(string pathname, int mode);
Needs to be written ASAP..
posix_getgrnam -- ±×·ì¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×·ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array posix_getgrnam
(string name);
Needs to be written.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
posix_getgrgid -- ±×·ì ID¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×·ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.array posix_getgrgid
(int gid)
Needs to be written.
posix_getpwnam -- »ç¿ëÀÚ¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array posix_getpwnam
(string username);
Returns an associative array containing information about a user referenced by an alphanumeric username, passed in the username parameter.
The array elements returned are:
Table 1. The user information array
Element | Description |
---|---|
name | The name element contains the username of the user. This is a short, usually less than 16 character "handle" of the user, not her real, full name. This should be the same as the username parameter used when calling the function, and hence redundant. |
passwd | The passwd element contains the user's password in an encrypted format. Often, for example on a system employing "shadow" passwords, an asterisk is returned instead. |
uid | User ID of the user in numeric form. |
gid | The group ID of the user. Use the function posix_getgrgid() to resolve the group name and a list of its members. |
gecos | GECOS is an obsolete term that refers to the finger information field on a Honeywell batch processing system. The field, however, lives on, and its contents have been formalized by POSIX. The field contains a comma separated list containing the user's full name, office phone, office number, and home phone number. On most systems, only the user's full name is available. |
dir | This element contains the absolute path to the home directory of the user. |
shell | The shell element contains the absolute path to the executable of the user's default shell. |
posix_getpwuid -- »ç¿ëÀÚ ID¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array posix_getpwuid
(int uid);
Returns an associative array containing information about a user referenced by a numeric user ID, passed in the uid parameter.
The array elements returned are:
Table 1. The user information array
Element | Description |
---|---|
name | The name element contains the username of the user. This is a short, usually less than 16 character "handle" of the user, not her real, full name. |
passwd | The passwd element contains the user's password in an encrypted format. Often, for example on a system employing "shadow" passwords, an asterisk is returned instead. |
uid | User ID, should be the same as the uid parameter used when calling the function, and hence redundant. |
gid | The group ID of the user. Use the function posix_getgrgid() to resolve the group name and a list of its members. |
gecos | GECOS is an obsolete term that refers to the finger information field on a Honeywell batch processing system. The field, however, lives on, and its contents have been formalized by POSIX. The field contains a comma separated list containing the user's full name, office phone, office number, and home phone number. On most systems, only the user's full name is available. |
dir | This element contains the absolute path to the home directory of the user. |
shell | The shell element contains the absolute path to the executable of the user's default shell. |
posix_getrlimit -- system ÀÚ¿øÀÇ limit¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
array posix_getrlimit
(void );
Needs to be written ASAP.
UC Berkeley Computer Science Department¿¡¼ óÀ½ °³¹ßµÈ Postgres´Â ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀϺΠ»ó¿ë database¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ object-relational °³³äÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» °³Ã´ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº SQL92/SQL3 ¾ð¾î¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í, transaction integrity¿Í type È®Àå°¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. PostgreSQLÀº public-domainÀÌ°í, original Berkeley codeÀÇ ¹ßÀüµÈ ¼Ò½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
PostgreSQLÀº ¹«·á·Î »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¹öÁ¯Àº 6.3.3±îÁö ³ª¿ÍÀÖ°í, www.postgreSQL.org¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
version 6.3 (03/02/1998)ÀÌÈÄ·Î PostgreSQLÀº unix domain socketÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» À§ÇØ tableÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ¼ÒÄÏÀº /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº postmaster¿¡ '-i' flag¸¦ ÁÖ¾î¼ enable½Ãų ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº "TCP/IP sockets»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Unix domain socketÀÇ ¿äûµµ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¶ó."´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
Table 1. Postmaster and PHP
Postmaster |
PHP |
Status |
---|---|---|
postmaster & |
pg_connect("", "", "", "", "dbname"); |
OK |
postmaster -i & |
pg_connect("", "", "", "", "dbname"); |
OK |
postmaster & |
pg_connect("localhost", "", "", "", "dbname"); |
PostgreSQL server¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½: connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running and accepting TCP/IP (with -i) connection at 'localhost' on port '5432'? in /path/to/file.php3 on line 20. |
postmaster -i & |
pg_connect("localhost", "", "", "", "dbname"); |
OK |
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¸À¸·Îµµ ¿¬°áÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. : $conn = pg_Connect("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=chris");
large object (lo) interface¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é transaction blockÀ¸·Î µÑ·¯ ½Î´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. transaction blockÀº beginÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í, transactionÀÌÈ®½ÇÇÏ´Ù¸é commitÀ̳ª end·Î ³¡³½´Ù. ¸¸¾à transactionÀÌ ¿À·ù°¡Àְųª ½ÇÆÐÇϸé transaction blockÀº abort³ª rollbackÀ¸·Î ³¡³»¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Example 1. Using Large Objects
|
Table of Contents
pg_Close -- PostgreSQL connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pg_close(int connection);
Returns false if connection is not a valid connection index, true otherwise. Closes down the connection to a PostgreSQL database associated with the given connection index.
pg_cmdTuples -- ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â tupleÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_cmdtuples(int result_id);
pg_cmdTuples() returns the number of tuples (instances) affected by INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE queries. If no tuple is affected the function will return 0.
Example 1. pg_cmdtuples <?php $result = pg_exec($conn, "INSERT INTO verlag VALUES ('Autor')"); $cmdtuples = pg_cmdtuples($result); echo $cmdtuples . " <- cmdtuples affected."; ?> |
pg_Connect -- connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int pg_connect(string host, string port, string options, string tty, string dbname);
Returns a connection index on success, or false if the connection could not be made. Opens a connection to a PostgreSQL database. Each of the arguments should be a quoted string, including the port number. The options and tty arguments are optional and can be left out. This function returns a connection index that is needed by other PostgreSQL functions. You can have multiple connections open at once.
A connection can also established with the following command: $conn = pg_connect("dbname=marliese port=5432"); Other parameters besides dbname and port are host, tty and options.
See also pg_pConnect().
pg_DBname -- database À̸§
string pg_dbname(int connection);
Returns the name of the database that the given PostgreSQL connection index is connected to, or false if connection is not a valid connection index.
pg_ErrorMessage -- ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö
string pg_errormessage(int connection);
Returns a string containing the error message, false on failure. Details about the error probably cannot be retrieved using the pg_errormessage() function if an error occured on the last database action for which a valid connection exists, this function will return a string containing the error message generated by the backend server.
pg_Exec -- ÁúÀǸ¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_exec(int connection, string query);
Returns a result index if query could be executed, false on failure or if connection is not a valid connection index. Details about the error can be retrieved using the pg_ErrorMessage() function if connection is valid. Sends an SQL statement to the PostgreSQL database specified by the connection index. The connection must be a valid index that was returned by pg_Connect(). The return value of this function is an index to be used to access the results from other PostgreSQL functions.
Note: PHP/FI returned 1 if the query was not expected to return data (inserts or updates, for example) and greater than 1 even on selects that did not return anything. No such assumption can be made in PHP.
pg_Fetch_Array -- row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array pg_fetch_array
(int result, int row, int [result_type] );
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
pg_fetch_array() is an extended version of pg_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, it also stores the data in associative indices, using the field names as keys.
The third optional argument result_type in pg_fetch_array() is a constant and can take the following values: PGSQL_ASSOC, PGSQL_NUM, and PGSQL_BOTH.
Note: Result_type was added in PHP 4.0.
An important thing to note is that using pg_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using pg_fetch_row(), while it provides a significant added value.
For further details, also see pg_fetch_row()
Example 1. PostgreSQL fetch array <?php $conn = pg_pconnect("","","","","publisher"); if (!$conn) { echo "An error occured.\n"; exit; } $result = pg_Exec ($conn, "SELECT * FROM authors"); if (!$result) { echo "An error occured.\n"; exit; } $arr = pg_fetch_array ($result, 0); echo $arr[0] . " <- array\n"; $arr = pg_fetch_array ($result, 1); echo $arr["author"] . " <- array\n"; ?> |
pg_Fetch_Object -- row¸¦ object·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
object pg_fetch_object
(int result, int row, int [result_type] );
Returns: An object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
pg_fetch_object() is similar to pg_fetch_array(), with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
The third optional argument result_type in pg_fetch_object() is a constant and can take the following values: PGSQL_ASSOC, PGSQL_NUM, and PGSQL_BOTH.
Note: Result_type was added in PHP 4.0.
Speed-wise, the function is identical to pg_fetch_array(), and almost as quick as pg_fetch_row() (the difference is insignificant).
See also: pg_fetch_array() and pg_fetch_row().
Example 1. Postgres fetch object <?php $database = "verlag"; $db_conn = pg_connect ("localhost", "5432", "", "", $database); if (!$db_conn): ?> <H1>Failed connecting to postgres database <? echo $database ?></H1> <? exit; endif; $qu = pg_exec ($db_conn, "SELECT * FROM verlag ORDER BY autor"); $row = 0; // postgres needs a row counter other dbs might not while ($data = pg_fetch_object ($qu, $row)): echo $data->autor." ("; echo $data->jahr ."): "; echo $data->titel."<BR>"; $row++; endwhile; ?> <PRE><?php $fields[] = Array ("autor", "Author"); $fields[] = Array ("jahr", " Year"); $fields[] = Array ("titel", " Title"); $row= 0; // postgres needs a row counter other dbs might not while ($data = pg_fetch_object ($qu, $row)): echo "----------\n"; reset ($fields); while (list (,$item) = each ($fields)): echo $item[1].": ".$data->$item[0]."\n"; endwhile; $row++; endwhile; echo "----------\n"; ?> </PRE> <?php pg_freeResult ($qu); pg_close ($db_conn); ?> |
pg_Fetch_Row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array pg_fetch_row
(int result, int row);
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
pg_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to pg_fetch_row() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
See also: pg_fetch_array(), pg_fetch_object(), pg_result().
Example 1. Postgres fetch row <?php $conn = pg_pconnect("","","","","publisher"); if (!$conn) { echo "An error occured.\n"; exit; } $result = pg_Exec ($conn, "SELECT * FROM authors"); if (!$result) { echo "An error occured.\n"; exit; } $row = pg_fetch_row ($result, 0); echo $row[0] . " <- row\n"; $row = pg_fetch_row ($result, 1); echo $row[0] . " <- row\n"; $row = pg_fetch_row ($result, 2); echo $row[1] . " <- row\n"; ?> |
pg_FieldIsNull -- field°¡ NULLÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_fieldisnull(int result_id, int row, mixed field);
Test if a field is NULL or not. Returns 0 if the field in the given row is not NULL. Returns 1 if the field in the given row is NULL. Field can be specified as number or fieldname. Row numbering starts at 0.
pg_FieldName -- fieldÀÇ À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string pg_fieldname(int result_id, int field_number);
pg_FieldName() will return the name of the field occupying the given column number in the given PostgreSQL result identifier. Field numbering starts from 0.
pg_FieldNum -- columnÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string pg_fieldnum(int result_id, int field_name);
pg_FieldNum() will return the number of the column slot that corresponds to the named field in the given PosgreSQL result identifier. Field numbering starts at 0. This function will return -1 on error.
pg_FieldPrtLen -- ÇÁ¸°µåµÉ ±æÀÌ(¹®ÀÚ °³¼ö)¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_fieldprtlen(int result_id, int row_number, string field_name);
pg_FieldPrtLen() will return the actual printed length (number of characters) of a specific value in a PostgreSQL result. Row numbering starts at 0. This function will return -1 on an error.
pg_FieldSize -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ fieldÀÇ ÀúÀåÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÒ´çµÈ °ø°£(internal storage)ÀÇ Å©±â
int pg_fieldsize
(int result_id, string field_name);
pg_FieldSize() will return the internal storage size (in bytes) of the named field in the given PostgreSQL result. A field size of -1 indicates a variable length field. This function will return false on error.
pg_FieldType -- ÇØ´ç ÇÊµå ¹øÈ£¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â typeÀ̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_fieldtype(int result_id, int field_number);
pg_FieldType() will return a string containing the type name of the given field in the given PostgreSQL result identifier. Field numbering starts at 0.
pg_FreeResult -- result memory¸¦ ÇØÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_freeresult
(int result_id);
pg_FreeResult() only needs to be called if you are worried about using too much memory while your script is running. All result memory will automatically be freed when the script is finished. But, if you are sure you are not going to need the result data anymore in a script, you may call pg_FreeResult() with the result identifier as an argument and the associated result memory will be freed.
pg_GetLastOid -- ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ object identifier¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_getlastoid
(int result_id);
pg_GetLastOid() can be used to retrieve the Oid assigned to an inserted tuple if the result identifier is used from the last command sent via pg_Exec() and was an SQL INSERT. This function will return a positive integer if there was a valid Oid. It will return -1 if an error occured or the last command sent via pg_Exec() was not an INSERT.
pg_Host -- host À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string pg_host(int connection_id);
pg_Host() will return the host name of the given PostgreSQL connection identifier is connected to.
pg_loclose -- large object¸¦ ´Ý´Â´Ù.
void pg_loclose(int fd);
pg_loclose() closes an Inversion Large Object. fd is a file descriptor for the large object from pg_loopen().
pg_locreate -- large object¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_locreate(int conn);
pg_locreate() creates an Inversion Large Object and returns the oid of the large object. conn specifies a valid database connection. PostgreSQL access modes INV_READ, INV_WRITE, and INV_ARCHIVE are not supported, the object is created always with both read and write access. INV_ARCHIVE has been removed from PostgreSQL itself (version 6.3 and above).
void pg_loexport
(int
oid, int file [, int connection_id])
The oid argument specifies the object id of the large object to export and the filename argument specifies the pathname of the file. Returns FALSE if an error occurred, TRUE otherwise. Remember that handling large objects in PostgreSQL must happen inside a transaction.
void pg_loimport
(int
file [, int connection_id])
The filename argument specifies the pathname of the file to be imported as a large object. Returns FALSE if an error occurred, object id of the just created large object otherwise. Remember that handling large objects in PostgreSQL must happen inside a transaction.
pg_loopen -- large object¸¦ ¿¬´Ù.
int pg_loopen(int conn, int objoid, string mode);
pg_loopen() open an Inversion Large Object and returns file descriptor of the large object. The file descriptor encapsulates information about the connection. Do not close the connection before closing the large object file descriptor. objoid specifies a valid large object oid and mode can be either "r", "w", or "rw".
pg_loread -- large object¸¦ Àд´Ù.
string pg_loread
(int fd, int len);
pg_loread() reads at most len bytes from a large object and returns it as a string. fd specifies a valid large object file descriptor andlen specifies the maximum allowable size of the large object segment.
pg_loreadall -- large object Àüü¸¦ Àд´Ù.
void pg_loreadall(int fd);
pg_loreadall() reads a large object and passes it straight through to the browser after sending all pending headers. Mainly intended for sending binary data like images or sound.
pg_lounlink -- large object¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.
void pg_lounlink(int conn, int lobjid);
pg_lounlink() deletes a large object with the lobjid identifier for that large object.
pg_lowrite -- large object¿¡ ¾´´Ù.
int pg_lowrite
(int fd, string buf);
pg_lowrite() writes at most to a large object from a variable buf and returns the number of bytes actually written, or false in the case of an error. fd is a file descriptor for the large object from pg_loopen().
pg_NumFields -- fieldÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_numfields(int result_id);
pg_NumFields() will return the number of fields (columns) in a PostgreSQL result. The argument is a valid result identifier returned by pg_Exec(). This function will return -1 on error.
pg_NumRows -- rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_numrows
(int result_id);
pg_NumRows() will return the number of rows in a PostgreSQL result. The argument is a valid result identifier returned by pg_Exec(). This function will return -1 on error.
pg_Options -- optionµéÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string pg_options(int connection_id);
pg_Options() will return a string containing the options specified on the given PostgreSQL connection identifier.
pg_pConnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ database connectionÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
int pg_pconnect
(string host, string port, string options, string tty, string dbname);
Returns a connection index on success, or false if the connection could not be made. Opens a persistent connection to a PostgreSQL database. Each of the arguments should be a quoted string, including the port number. The options and tty arguments are optional and can be left out. This function returns a connection index that is needed by other PostgreSQL functions. You can have multiple persistent connections open at once. See also pg_Connect().
A connection can also established with the following command: $conn = pg_pconnect("dbname=marliese port=5432"); Other parameters besides dbname and port are host, tty and options.
pg_Port -- port ¹øÈ£¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
int pg_port(int connection_id);
pg_Port() will return the port number that the given PostgreSQL connection identifier is connected to.
pg_Result -- result identifier·Î ºÎÅÍ °ªµéÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed pg_result(int result_id, int row_number, mixed fieldname);
pg_Result() will return values from a result identifier produced by pg_Exec(). The row_number and fieldname sepcify what cell in the table of results to return. Row numbering starts from 0. Instead of naming the field, you may use the field index as an unquoted number. Field indices start from 0.
PostgreSQL has many built in types and only the basic ones are directly supported here. All forms of integer, boolean and oid types are returned as integer values. All forms of float, and real types are returned as double values. All other types, including arrays are returned as strings formatted in the same default PostgreSQL manner that you would see in the psql program.
bool pg_trace
(string
filename [, string mode [, int connection]])
Enables tracing of the PostgreSQL frontend/backend communication to a debugging file. To fully understand the results one needs to be familiar with the internals of PostgreSQL communication protocol. For those who are not, it can still be useful for tracing errors in queries sent to the server, you could do for example 'grep '^To backend' trace.log' and see what queriew actually were sent to the PostgreSQL server.
filename and mode are the same as in fopen() (mode defaults to 'w'), connection specifies the connection to trace and defaults to the last one opened.
Returns TRUE if filename could be opened for logging, FALSE otherwise.
See also fopen() and pg_untrace().
pg_tty -- tty À̸§À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string pg_tty(int connection_id);
pg_tty() will return the tty name that server side debugging output is sent to on the given PostgreSQL connection identifier.
bool pg_untrace
([int
connection])
Stop tracing started by pg_trace(). connection specifies the connection that was traced and defaults to the last one opened.
Returns always TRUE.
See also pg_trace().
escapeshellcmd -- shellÀÇ metacharacterµéÀ» escapeÇÑ ´Ù.
string escapeshellcmd
(string
command)EscapeShellCmd() escapes any characters in a string that might be used to trick a shell command into executing arbitrary commands. This function should be used to make sure that any data coming from user input is escaped before this data is passed to the exec() or system() functions. A standard use would be:
1 2 system(EscapeShellCmd($cmd)) 3 |
See also exec(), popen(), system(), and the backtick operator.
exec -- ¿ÜºÎ programÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
string exec
(string command [,
string array [, int return_var]])Exec executes the given command, however it does not output anything. It simply returns the last line from the result of the command. If you need to execute a command and have all the data from the command passed directly back without any interference, use the PassThru() function.
If the array argument is present, then the specified array will be filled with every line of output from the command. Note that if the array already contains some elements, exec() will append to the end of the array. If you do not want the function to append elements, call unset() on the array before passing it to exec().
If the return_var argument is present along with the array argument, then the return status of the executed command will be written to this variable.
Note that if you are going to allow data coming from user input to be passed to this function, then you should be using EscapeShellCmd() to make sure that users cannot trick the system into executing arbitrary commands.
Note also that if you start a program using this function and want to leave it running in the background, you have to make sure that the output of that program is redirected to a file or some other output stream or else PHP will hang until the execution of the program ends.
See also system(), PassThru(), popen(), EscapeShellCmd(), and the backtick operator.
passthru -- ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú¸¦ Á÷Á¢ (Áöü¾øÀÌ) Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void passthru
(string command
[, int return_var])The passthru() function is similar to the Exec() function in that it executes a command. If the return_var argument is present, the return status of the Unix command will be placed here. This function should be used in place of Exec() or System() when the output from the Unix command is binary data which needs to be passed directly back to the browser. A common use for this is to execute something like the pbmplus utilities that can output an image stream directly. By setting the content-type to image/gif and then calling a pbmplus program to output a gif, you can create PHP scripts that output images directly.
Note that if you start a program using this function and want to leave it running in the background, you have to make sure that the output of that program is redirected to a file or some other output stream or else PHP will hang until the execution of the program ends.See also exec(), system(), popen(), EscapeShellCmd(), and the backtick operator.
system -- ¿ÜºÎ programÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
string system
(string command
[, int return_var])System() is just like the C version of the function in that it executes the given command and outputs the result. If a variable is provided as the second argument, then the return status code of the executed command will be written to this variable.
Note, that if you are going to allow data coming from user input to be passed to this function, then you should be using the EscapeShellCmd() function to make sure that users cannot trick the system into executing arbitrary commands.
Note also that if you start a program using this function and want to leave it running in the background, you have to make sure that the output of that program is redirected to a file or some other output stream or else PHP will hang until the execution of the program ends.
The System() call also tries to automatically flush the web server's output buffer after each line of output if PHP is running as a server module.
Returns the last line of the command output on success, and false on failure.If you need to execute a command and have all the data from the command passed directly back without any interference, use the PassThru() function.
See also exec(), PassThru(), popen(), EscapeShellCmd(), and the backtick operator.
ÀÌ ¸ðµâÀº GNU Recode ¶óÀ̺귯¸®(version 3.5)ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, PHP¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§ --with-recode ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ À§Çؼ´Â ´ç¿¬È÷ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ GNU Recode 3.5 ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
GNU Recode ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ character sets °ú surface encodings·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ º¯È¯ÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¸é, ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÚ·ÎÀÇ º¯È¯À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ºñ½ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇϰԵȴÙ.ÀÌ ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ¾à 150°¡ÁöÀÇ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ character setsÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°í ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, À̵鰣ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¯È¯ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. RFC 1345 character sets °ÅÀÇ ÀüºÎ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
recode_string -- recode ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¹®ÀÚ¿À» RecodeÇÑ´Ù.string recode_string
(string request, string string)
Recode the string string according to the recode request request. Returns FALSE, if unable to comply, TRUE otherwise.
A simple recode request may be "lat1..iso646-de". See also the GNU Recode documentation of your installation for detailed instructions about recode requests.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
recode -- recode ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¹®ÀÚ¿À» RecodeÇÑ´Ù.string recode_string
(string request, string string)
Note: This is an alias for recode_string(). It has been added in PHP4.
(PHP3 >= 3.0.13, PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
recode_file -- recode ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ÆÄÀÏÀ» RecodeÇÑ´Ù.bool recode_file
(int
input, int output)
Recode the file referenced by file handle input into the file referenced by file handle output according to the recode request. Returns FALSE, if unable to comply, TRUE otherwise.
This function does not currently process filehandles referencing remote files (URLs). Both filehandles must refer to local files.
Regular expressionÀº PHP¿¡¼ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¿ Á¶ÀÛÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. regular expressionÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. :
À§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº regular expression ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ù Àμö(argument)·Î °¡Áø´Ù. PHP´Â Posix 1003.2¿¡¼ Á¤ÀÇµÈ Posix È®Àå regular expressionÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Posix regular expressions¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº PHP distributionÀÇ regexµð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â regex man page¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº manpage ÇüŸ¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î man /usr/local/src/regex/regex.7 °ú °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Example 1. Regular expression examples
|
ereg -- regular expression ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ¸Â´ÂÁö °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int ereg
(string pattern, string string, array [regs]);
Searchs string for matches to the regular expression given in pattern.
If matches are found for parenthesized substrings of pattern and the function is called with the third argument regs, the matches will be stored in the elements of regs. $regs[1] will contain the substring which starts at the first left parenthesis; $regs[2] will contain the substring starting at the second, and so on. $regs[0] will contain a copy of string.
Searching is case sensitive.
Returns true if a match for pattern was found in string, or false if no matches were found or an error occurred.
The following code snippet takes a date in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD) and prints it in DD.MM.YYYY format:
Example 1. ereg() example if ( ereg( "([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{1,2})-([0-9]{1,2})", $date, $regs ) ) { echo "$regs[3].$regs[2].$regs[1]"; } else { echo "Invalid date format: $date"; } |
See also eregi(), ereg_replace(), and eregi_replace().
ereg_replace -- regular expressionÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» ´ëÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
string ereg_replace
(string pattern, string replacement, string string);
This function scans string for matches to pattern, then replaces the matched text with replacement.
The modified string is returned. (Which may mean that the original string is returned if there are no matches to be replaced.)
If pattern contains parenthesized substrings, replacement may contain substrings of the form \\digit, which will be replaced by the text matching the digit'th parenthesized substring; \\0 will produce the entire contents of string. Up to nine substrings may be used. Parentheses may be nested, in which case they are counted by the opening parenthesis.
If no matches are found in string, then string will be returned unchanged.
For example, the following code snippet prints "This was a test" three times:
Example 1. ereg_replace() example $string = "This is a test"; echo ereg_replace( " is", " was", $string ); echo ereg_replace( "( )is", "\\1was", $string ); echo ereg_replace( "(( )is)", "\\2was", $string ); |
See also ereg(), eregi(), and eregi_replace().
eregi -- regular expression ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁø ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ¸Â´ÂÁö ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int eregi
(string pattern, string string, array [regs]);
This function is identical to ereg() save that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.
See also ereg(), ereg_replace(), and eregi_replace().
eregi_replace -- regular expressionÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ´ëÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
string eregi_replace(string pattern, string replacement, string string);
This function is identical to ereg_replace() save that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.
See also ereg(), eregi(), and ereg_replace().
split -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» regular expression¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ª´«´Ù.
array split
(string pattern, string string, int [limit]);
Returns an array of strings, each of which is a substring of string formed by splitting it on boundaries formed by pattern. If an error occurs, returns false.
To get the first five fields from a line from /etc/passwd:
Example 1. split() example $passwd_list = split( ":", $passwd_line, 5 ); |
Note that pattern is case-sensitive.
See also explode() and implode().
sql_regcase -- ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ °¡¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ regular expressionÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
string sql_regcase
(string string)
Returns a valid regular expression which will match string, ignoring case. This expression is string with each character converted to a bracket expression; this bracket expression contains that character's uppercase and lowercase form if applicable, otherwise it contains the original character twice.
Example 1. sql_regcase() example
|
prints
[Ff][Oo][Oo][ ][Bb][Aa][Rr] |
This can be used to achieve case insensitive pattern matching in products which support only case sensitive regular expressions.
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¶ÇÇÑ À̸ðµâÀº System V °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®(Shared memory)´Â Àü¿ª º¯¼ö¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥Á¡Àº httpd-daemonÀ̳ª ½ÉÁö¾î PerlÀ̳ª C·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼µµ ÀÌ º¯¼ö¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±³È¯ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡Àº °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ µÎ±ºµ¥¼ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àý´ë·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À̸¦ ¹æÁöÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µ¿±âÈ(synchronize)ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Table 1. Limits of shared memory by the Unix OS
SHMMAX |
max size of shared memory, normally 131072 bytes |
SHMMIN |
minimum size of shared memory, normally 1 byte |
SHMMNI |
max amount of shared memory segments, normally 100 |
SHMSEG |
max amount of shared memory per process, normally 6 |
sem_get -- semaphore id¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int sem_get
(int key [,
int max_acquire [, int perm]])
Returns: A positive semaphore identifier on success, or false on error.
Sem_get() returns an id that can be used to access the System V semaphore with the given key. The semaphore is created if necessary using the permission bits specified in perm (defaults to 0666). The number of processes that can acquire the semaphore simultaneously is set to max_acquire (defaults to 1). Actually this value is set only if the process finds it is the only process currently attached to the semaphore.
A second call to sem_get() for the same key will return a different semaphore identifier, but both identifiers access the same underlying semaphore.
See also: sem_acquire() and sem_release().
sem_acquire -- semaphore¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int sem_acquire
(int
sem_identifier)
Returns: true on success, false on error.
Sem_acquire() blocks (if necessary) until the semaphore can be acquired. A process attempting to acquire a semaphore which it has already acquired will block forever if acquiring the semaphore would cause its max_acquire value to be exceeded.
After processing a request, any semaphores acquired by the process but not explicitly released will be released automatically and a warning will be generated.
See also: sem_get() and sem_release().
sem_release -- semaphore¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int sem_release
(int
sem_identifier)Returns: true on success, false on error
sem_release() releases the semaphore if it is currently acquired by the calling process, otherwise a warning is generated.
After releasing the semaphore, sem_acquire() may be called to re-acquire it.
See also: sem_get() and sem_acquire().
shm_attach -- °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ segment¸¦ ¸¸µé°Å³ª ¿¬´Ù.
int shm_attach
(int key
[, int memsize [, int perm]])
Shm_attach() returns an id that that can be used to access the System V shared memory with the given key, the first call creates the shared memory segment with mem_size (default: sysvshm.init_mem in the configuration file, otherwise 10000 bytes) and the optional perm-bits (default: 0666).
A second call to shm_attach() for the same key will return a different shared memory identifier, but both identifiers access the same underlying shared memory. Memsize and perm will be ignored.
shm_detach -- °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ²÷´Â´Ù.
int shm_detach
(int
shm_identifier)shm_detach() disconnects from the shared memory given by the shm_identifier created by shm_attach(). Remember, that shared memory still exist in the Unix system and the data is still present.
shm_remove -- Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
int shm_remove
(int shm_identifier);
Removes shared memory from Unix systems. All data will be destroyed.
shm_put_var -- °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¾È¿¡ º¯¼ö¸¦ »ðÀÔÇϰųª º¯¼ö °ªÀ» º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.
int shm_put_var
(int
shm_identifier, int variable_key, mixed variable)
Inserts or updates a variable with a given variable_key. All variable-types (double, int, string, array) are supported.
shm_get_var -- °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
mixed shm_get_var
(int
id, int variable_key)
Shm_get_var() returns the variable with a given variable_key. The variable is still present in the shared memory.
shm_remove_var -- °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ º¯¼ö¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
int shm_remove_var
(int
id, int variable_key)
Removes a variable with a given variable_key and frees the occupied memory.
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¼¼¼ÇÀº ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸(request)µé¿¡ °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ÀúÀåµÇ°í »ç¿ëµÉ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ µî·ÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¹æ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ Á¢±ÙÇϸé, PHP´Â ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î(session.auto_start °¡ 1·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì), ȤÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿ä±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì(À̰͸¸À» ÇÏ´Â session_start() ÇÔ¼ö³ª, ÀÌ ±â´Éµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â session_register() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ë) ÇØ´ç ¿ä±¸(request)¿Í ÇÔ²² ƯÁ¤ ¼¼¼Ç ID°¡ Àü¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Â°¡ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯¶ó¸é ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾ú´ø ȯ°æÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã º¹±¸µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿ä±¸(request) µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ³¡³ª¸é ¸ðµç µî·ÏÇÑ º¯¼öµéÀÌ ¼ø¼´ë·Î ³ª¿µÈ´Ù. Á¤ÀǵǾî(defined) ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº µî·ÏÇÑ(registered) º¯¼ö´Â ÇöÀç µî·ÏµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿¬ÀÌÀº Á¢¼Ó¿¡¼, ÀÌ·± º¯¼öµéÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ³ªÁß¿¡ Á¤ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¼¼¼Ç ¸ðµâ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÀǵÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
track_vars ¿Í gpc_globals ¼³Á¤Àº ¼¼¼Ç º¯¼öµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô º¹±¸µÇ´Â°¡¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. track_varsÀÌ enable µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÀúÀåµÈ ¼¼¼Ç º¯¼öµéÀ» $HTTP_STATE_VARS¶ó´Â Àü¿ª associative ¹è¿À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. gpc_globals°¡ enable µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ¼¼¼Ç º¯¼öµéÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ Àü¿ª º¯¼ö·Î º¹¿øµÈ´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµÎ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, Àü¿ªº¯¼ö¿Í $HTTP_STATE_VARS ¸ðµÎ¿¡ °°Àº °ªÀ¸·Î º¹¿øµÈ´Ù.
¼¼¼Ç ID¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. :
¼¼¼Ç ¸ðµâÀº µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ý ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÄíÅ°°¡ Á»´õ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ̱â´Â Çصµ, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ÄíÅ°¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ÄíÅ° µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδٴ º¸ÀåÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼¼¼Ç ID¸¦ URL¿¡ Á÷Á¢ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
PHP´Â --enable-trans-sid ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çϸé ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤Çϸé, »ó´ëÀû(relative) URIµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼¼Ç ID¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϵµ·Ï ¹Ù²ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÄíÅ°¸¦ º¸³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹Ì¸® Á¤ÀÇµÈ SID¶ó´Â »ó¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. SID ´Â session_name=session_idÀÇ Çüųª, ºó ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ¿¹Á¦´Â º¯¼ö¸¦ µî·ÏÇÏ°í, SID¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ ÆäÀÌÁö·Î ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¿¹¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
Example 1. Counting the number of hits of a single user
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µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º °ø°£À» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â, ¾à°£ÀÇ PHP ÄÚµå¿Í session_set_save_handler() À̶ó´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ·¹º§ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. MySQL À̳ª ´Ù¸¥ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´ÙÀ½ ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» Àß È°¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Example 2. Usage of session_set_save_handler()
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À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. :
1 2 $ ./php save_handler.php 3 Content-Type: text/html 4 Set-cookie: PHPSESSID=f08b925af0ecb52bdd2de97d95cdbe6b 5 6 open (/tmp, PHPSESSID) 7 read (f08b925af0ecb52bdd2de97d95cdbe6b) 8 write (f08b925af0ecb52bdd2de97d95cdbe6b, foo|i:2;) 9 close 10 |
--enable-trans-sid ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ PHP¿¡¼´Â, <?=SID?> °¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù.
¼¼¼Ç °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº php.ini ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. À̰͵鿡 ´ëÇØ °£´ÜÈ÷ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
Note: Session handlingÀº PHP 4.0¿¡¼ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
session_start -- session µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_start
(void);
session_start() creates a session (or resumes the current one based on the session id being passed via a GET variable or a cookie).
This function always returns true.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_destroy -- session¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_destroy
(void);
session_destroy() destroys all of the data associated with the current session.
This function always returns true.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_name -- ÇöÀç sessionÀÇ À̸§À» ¾ò°Å³ª, ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string session_name
([string name])
session_name() returns the name of the current session. If name is specified, the name of the current session is changed to its value.
The session name references the session id in cookies and URLs. It should contain only alphanumeric characters; it should be short and descriptive (i.e. for users with enabled cookie warnings). The session name is resetted to the default value stored in session.name at request startup time. Thus, you need to call session_name() for every request (and before session_start() or session_register() are called).
Example 1. session_name() examples
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Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_module_name -- ÇöÀç session ¸ðµâÀÇ À̸§À» ¾ò°Å³ª, ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string session_module_name
([string module])
session_module_name() returns the name of the current session module. If module is specified, that module will be used instead.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_save_path -- ÇöÀç session µ¥ÀÌŸ°¡ ÀúÀåµÈ path¸¦ ¾ò°Å³ª, ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string session_save_path
([string path])
session_save_path() returns the path of the current directory used to save session data. If path is specified, the path to which data is saved will be changed.
Note: On some operating systems, you may want to specify a path on a filesystem that handles lots of small files efficiently. For example, on Linux, reiserfs may provide better performance than ext2fs.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_id -- ÇöÀç sessionÀÇ ID¸¦ ¾ò°Å³ª, ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string session_id
([string id])
session_id() returns the session id for the current session. If id is specified, it will replace the current session id.
directory used to save session data. If path is specified, the path to which data is saved will be changed.
The constant SID can also be used to retrieve the current name and session id as a string suitable for adding to URLs.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_register -- ÇöÀç session¿¡ º¯¼ö¸¦ µî·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_register
(mixed name [, mixed ...])
session_register() variable number of arguments, any of which can be either a string holding the variable name or an array consisting of such variable names or other arrays. For each encountered variable name, session_register() registers the global variable named by it with the current session.
This function returns true when the variable is successfully registered with the session.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_unregister -- ÇöÀç session¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ º¯¼ö¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_unregister
(string name)
session_unregister() unregisters (forgets) the global variable named name from the current session.
This function returns true when the variable is successfully unregistered from the session.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
session_unset -- ¸ðµç session º¯¼öµéÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.void session_unset
(void);
The session_unset() function free's all session variables currently registered.
session_is_registered -- ÇØ´ç º¯¼ö°¡ session¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î Àִ°¡ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_is_registered
(string name)
session_is_registered() returns true if there is a variable with the name name registered in the current session.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
session_get_cookie_params -- session cookie ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.array session_get_cookie_params
(void);
The session_get_cookie_params() function returns an array with the current session cookie information, the array contains the following items:
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
session_set_cookie_params -- session cookie ÆĶó¸ÞÅ͸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.void session_set_cookie_params
(int lifetime [, string path [, string domain]])
Set cookie parameters defined in the php.ini file. The effect of this function only lasts for the duration of the script.
session_decode -- ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡¼ session µ¥ÀÌŸ·Î decodeÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_decode
(string data)
session_decode() decodes the session data in data, setting variables stored in the session.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
session_encode -- ÇöÀç sessionÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î encodeÇÑ´Ù.
bool session_encode
(void);
session_encode() returns a string with the contents of the current session encoded within.
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
ÀÌ SNMP ÇÔ¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ucd-snmp package¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃֽŹöÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â PHP FAQ¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Çϵµ·ÏÇÑ´Ù. Windows¿¡¼ ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº NTȯ°æ¿¡¼¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇϸç Win95/98¿¡¼´Â µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ× : UCD SNMP ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é, ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ Çϱâ Àü¿¡ NO_ZEROLENGTH_COMMUNITY¸¦ 1·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. UCD SNMP¸¦ configure ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ config.hÀÇ NO_ZEROLENGTH_COMMUNITY °ªÀ» ¼ÕÀ¸·Î Á÷Á¢ °íÃÄ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. #define ¶óÀÎÀÇ comment¸¦ ¾ø¾ÖÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. Áï, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¸µé¸é µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1 2 #define NO_ZEROLENGTH_COMMUNITY 1 3 |
¸¸¾à SNMP ¸í·É »ç¿ëÁß¿¡ ÀÌ»óÇÑ segmentation faults¸¦ ¸¸³ª¸é, À§ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¾ÈÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à UCD SNMP¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é PHP¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ¶§ --enable-ucd-snmp-hack ½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÇ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
snmpget -- SNMP object¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
string snmpget
(string
hostname, string community, string object_id [, int timeout [, int retries]])
Returns SNMP object value on success and false on error.
The snmpget() function is used to read the value of an SNMP object specified by the object_id. SNMP agent is specified by the hostname and the read community is specified by the community parameter.
1 2 $syscontact = snmpget("127.0.0.1", "public", "system.SysContact.0"); 3 |
snmpset -- SNMP object¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
bool snmpset
(string
hostname, string community, string object_id, string type, mixed value [, int
timeout [, int retries]])
Sets the specified SNMP object value, returning true on success and false on error.
The snmpset() function is used to set the value of an SNMP object specified by the object_id. SNMP agent is specified by the hostname and the read community is specified by the community parameter.
snmpwalk -- agent·Î ºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç SNMP objectµéÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array snmpwalk
(string
hostname, string community, string object_id [, int timeout [, int retries]])
Returns an array of SNMP object values starting from the object_id() as root and false on error.
snmpwalk() function is used to read all the values from an SNMP agent specified by the hostname. Community specifies the read community for that agent. A null object_id is taken as the root of the SNMP objects tree and all objects under that tree are returned as an array. If object_id is specified, all the SNMP objects below that object_id are returned.
1 2 $a = snmpwalk("127.0.0.1", "public", ""); 3 |
Above function call would return all the SNMP objects from the SNMP agent running on localhost. One can step through the values with a loop
1 2 for ($i=0; $i<count($a); $i++) { 3 echo $a[$i]; 4 } 5 |
snmpwalkoid -- ³×Æ®¿÷ entity¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ tree¸¦ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
array snmpwalkoid
(string hostname, string community, string object_id [, int timeout [, int
retries]])
Returns an associative array with object ids and their respective object value starting from the object_id as root and false on error.
snmpwalkoid() function is used to read all object ids and their respective values from an SNMP agent specified by the hostname. Community specifies the read community for that agent. A null object_id is taken as the root of the SNMP objects tree and all objects under that tree are returned as an array. If object_id is specified, all the SNMP objects below that object_id are returned.
The existence of snmpwalkoid() and snmpwalk() has historical reasons. Both functions are provided for backward compatibility.
1 2 $a = snmpwalkoid("127.0.0.1", "public", ""); 3 |
Above function call would return all the SNMP objects from the SNMP agent running on localhost. One can step through the values with a loop
1 2 for (reset($a); $i = key($a); next($a)) { 3 echo "$i: $a[$i]<br>\n"; 4 } 5 |
snmp_get_quick_print -- UCD SNMP libraryÀÇ ÇöÀç quick_print setting °ªÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
boolean snmp_get_quick_print
(void )
Returns the current value stored in the UCD Library for quick_print. quick_print is off by default.
1 2 $quickprint = snmp_get_quick_print(); 3 |
Above function call would return false if quick_print is on, and true if quick_print is on.
snmp_get_quick_print() is only available when using the UCD SNMP library. This function is not available when using the Windows SNMP library.
See: snmp_set_quick_print() for a full description of what quick_print does.
snmp_set_quick_print -- UCD SNMP libraryÀÇ quick_printÀÇ °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
void snmp_set_quick_print
(boolean quick_print)
Sets the value of quick_print within the UCD SNMP library. When this is set (1), the SNMP library will return 'quick printed' values. This means that just the value will be printed. When quick_print is not enabled (default) the UCD SNMP library prints extra information including the type of the value (i.e. IpAddress or OID). Additionally, if quick_print is not enabled, the library prints additional hex values for all strings of three characters or less.
Setting quick_print is often used when using the information returned rather then displaying it.
1 2 snmp_set_quick_print(0); 3 $a = snmpget("127.0.0.1", "public", ".1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.9.1"); 4 echo "$a<BR>\n"; 5 snmp_set_quick_print(1); 6 $a = snmpget("127.0.0.1", "public", ".1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.9.1"); 7 echo "$a<BR>\n"; 8 |
The first value printed might be: 'Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00', whereas with quick_print enabled, just '0:00:00.00' would be printed.
By default the UCD SNMP library returns verbose values, quick_print is used to return only the value.
Currently strings are still returned with extra quotes, this will be corrected in a later release.
snmp_set_quick_print() is only available when using the UCD SNMP library. This function is not available when using the Windows SNMP library.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ´Ù·ç´Â ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº regular expression À̳ª URL handling Àý¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ ºÎºÐÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.
string addcslashes
(string str, string charlist)
Returns a string with backslashes before characters that are listed in charlist parameter. It escapes \n, \r etc. in C-like style, characters with ASCII code lower than 32 and higher than 126 are converted to octal representation. Be carefull when escaping alphanumeric characters. You can specify a range in charlist like "\0..\37", which would escape all characters with ASCII code between 0 and 31.
Example 1. Addcslashes() example
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Note: Added in PHP4b3-dev.
See also stripcslashes(), stripslashes(), htmlspecialchars() and quotemeta().
AddSlashes -- ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °÷À» backslash·Î °¨½Ñ´Ù.
string addslashes
(string str);
Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be quoted in database queries etc. These characters are single quote ('), double quote ("), backslash (\) and NUL (the null byte).
See also stripcslashes(), stripslashes(), htmlspecialchars() and quotemeta().
bin2hex -- ÀÌÁø µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ 16Áø¼ö Ç¥½Ã·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string bin2hex
(string str);
Returns an ASCII string containing the hexadecimal representation of str. The conversion is done byte-wise with the high-nibble first.
Chop -- µÚÂÊÀÇ ¿©¹é¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
string chop
(string str)
Returns the argument string without trailing whitespace, including newlines.
Example 1. Chop() example
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Chr -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string chr
(int ascii)
Returns a one-character string containing the character specified by ascii.
Example 1. Chr() example
|
This function complements ord(). See also sprintf() with a format string of %c.
chunk_split -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ºñ½ÁÇÑ Å©±â·Î ³ª´«´Ù.
string chunk_split
(string string [, int chunklen [, string end]])
Can be used to split a string into smaller chunks which is useful for e.g. converting base64_encode output to match RFC 2045 semantics. It inserts every chunklen (defaults to 76) chars the string end (defaults to "\r\n"). It returns the new string leaving the original string untouched.
Example 1. Chunk_split() example
|
This function is significantly faster than ereg_replace().
convert_cyr_string -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ƯÁ¤ Cyrillic ¹®ÀÚ¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string convert_cyr_string
(string str, string from, string to);
This function converts the given string from one Cyrillic character set to another. The from and to arguments are single characters that represent the source and target Cyrillic character sets. The supported types are:
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
count_chars -- ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¹®Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.mixed count_chars
(string string [, mode])
Counts the number of occurances of every byte-value (0..255) in string and returns it in various ways. The optional parameter Mode default to 0. Depending on mode count_chars() returns one of the following:
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
crypt -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» DES encryption¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î º¯È¯(encrypt)ÇÑ´Ù.
string crypt
(string str
[, string salt])
crypt() will encrypt a string using the standard Unix DES encryption method. Arguments are a string to be encrypted and an optional two-character salt string to base the encryption on. See the Unix man page for your crypt function for more information.
If the salt argument is not provided, it will be randomly generated by PHP.
Some operating systems support more than one type of encryption. In fact, sometimes the standard DES encryption is replaced by an MD5 based encryption algorithm. The encryption type is triggered by the salt argument. At install time, PHP determines the capabilities of the crypt function and will accept salts for other encryption types. If no salt is provided, PHP will auto-generate a standard 2-character DES salt by default unless the default encryption type on the system is MD5 in which case a random MD5-compatible salt is generated. PHP sets a constant named CRYPT_SALT_LENGTH which tells you whether a regular 2-character salt applies to your system or the longer 12-char MD5 salt is applicable.
The standard DES encryption crypt() contains the salt as the first two characters of the output.
On systems where the crypt() function supports multiple encryption types, the following constants are set to 0 or 1 depending on whether the given type is available:
There is no decrypt function, since crypt() uses a one-way algorithm.
echo -- Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
echo
(string arg1,
string [argn]...)
Outputs all parameters.
Echo() is not actually a function (it is a language construct) so you are not required to use parantheses with it.
Example 1. Echo() example
|
Note: In fact, if you want to pass more than one parameter to echo, you must not enclose the parameters within parentheses.
See also: print(), printf(), and flush()
explode -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹®ÀÚ¿ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ³ª´«´Ù.
array explode
(string
separator, string string [, int limit])
Returns an array of strings, each of which is a substring of string formed by splitting it on boundaries formed by the string delim. If limit is set, the returned array will contaion a maximum of limit elements with the last element containing the whole rest of string.
Example 1. Explode() example
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flush -- output buffer¸¦ FlushÇÑ´Ù.
void flush
(void);
Flushes the output buffers of PHP and whatever backend PHP is using (CGI, a web server, etc.) This effectively tries to push all the output so far to the user's browser.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
get_html_translation_table -- htmlspecialchars()¿Í htmlentities() ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â º¯È¯ Å×À̺íÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.string get_html_translation_table
(int table)
get_html_translation_table() will return the translation table that is used internally for htmlspecialchars() and htmlentities(). Ther are two new defines (HTML_ENTITIES, HTML_SPECIALCHARS) that allow you to specify the table you want.
Example 1. Translation Table Example
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The $encoded variable will now contain: "Hallo & <Frau> & Krämer".
The cool thing is using array_flip() to change the direction of the translation.
1 2 $trans = array_flip ($trans); 3 $original = strtr ($str, $trans); 4 |
The content of $original would be: "Hallo & <Frau> & Krämer".
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
See also: htmlspecialchars(), htmlentities(), strtr(), and array_flip().
get_meta_tags -- ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¸ðµç meta tagÀÇ content ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© ¹è¿¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
array get_meta_tags
(string filename [, int use_include_path])
Opens filename and parses it line by line for <meta> tags of the form
Example 1. Meta Tags Example
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(pay attention to line endings - PHP uses a native function to parse the input, so a Mac file won't work on Unix).
The value of the name property becomes the key, the value of the content property becomes the value of the returned array, so you can easily use standard array functions to traverse it or access single values. Special characters in the value of the name property are substituted with '_', the rest is converted to lower case.
Setting use_include_path to 1 will result in PHP trying to open the file along the standard include path.
htmlentities -- ¸ðµç °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» HTML entity·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string htmlentities
(string
string)This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways, except that all characters which have HTML entity equivalents are translated into these entities.
At present, the ISO-8859-1 character set is used.
See also htmlspecialchars() and nl2br().
htmlspecialchars -- Ư¼ö¹®ÀÚµéÀ» HTML entity·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
string htmlspecialchars
(string
string)Certain characters have special significance in HTML, and should be represented by HTML entities if they are to preserve their meanings. This function returns a string with these conversions made.
This function is useful in preventing user-supplied text from containing HTML markup, such as in a message board or guest book application.
At present, the translations that are done are:
'&' (ampersand) becomes '&'
'"' (double quote) becomes '"'
'<' (less than) becomes '<'
'>' (greater than) becomes '>'
Note that this functions does not translate anything beyond what is listed above. For full entity translation, see htmlentities().
See also htmlentities() and nl2br().
implode -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¿ø¼ÒµéÀ» ¹®ÀÚ¿À» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù.
string implode
(string
glue, array pieces)
Returns a string containing a string representation of all the array elements in the same order, with the glue string between each element.
Example 1. Implode() example
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See also explode(), join(), and split().
join -- ¹è¿ÀÇ ¿ø¼ÒµéÀ» ¹®ÀÚ¿À» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù
string join
(string
glue, array pieces)
join() is an alias to implode(), and is identical in every way.
See also explode(), implode(), and split().
(PHP3 CVS only, PHP4 CVS only)
levenshtein -- µÎ ¹®ÀÚ¿°£ÀÇ Levenshtein °Å¸®¸¦ °è»êÇÑ´Ù.int levenshtein
(string
str1, string str2)
This function return the Levenshtein-Distance between the two argument strings or -1, if one of the argument strings is longer than the limit of 255 characters.
The Levenshtein distance is defined as the minimal number of characters you have to replace, insert or delete to transform str1 into str2. The complexity of the algorithm is O(m*n), where n and m are the length of str1 and str2 (rather good when compared to similar_text(), which is O(max(n,m)**3), but still expensive).
See also soundex(), similar_text() and metaphone().
ltrim -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ¾Õ ¿©¹éÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
string ltrim
(string
str)
This function strips whitespace from the start of a string and returns the stripped string. The whitespace characters it currently strips are: "\n", "\r", "\t", "\v", "\0", and a plain space.
md5 -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ md5 hash °ªÀ» °è»êÇÑ´Ù.
string md5
(string str)Calculates the MD5 hash of str using the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.
( ¿ªÀÚÁÖ : MD5 algorithm¿¡ °üÇÑÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº RFC 1321À» º¸¼¼¿ä.)
string metaphone
(string
str)
Calculates the metaphone key of str.
Similar to soundex() metaphone creates the same key for similar sounding words. It's more accurate than soundex() as it knows the basic rules of English pronunciation. The metaphone generated keys are of variable length.
Metaphone was developed by Lawrence Philips <lphilips@verity.com>. It is described in ["Practical Algorithms for Programmers", Binstock & Rex, Addison Wesley, 1995].
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
nl2br -- newlineÀ» HTML line break·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
string nl2br
(string
string)
Returns string with '<BR>' inserted before all newlines.
See also htmlspecialchars() and htmlentities().
Ord -- ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ASCII °ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int ord
(string string)
Returns the ASCII value of the first character of string. This function complements chr().
Example 1. Ord() example
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See also chr().
parse_str -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» º¯¼ö·Î Çؼ®(parse)ÇÑ´Ù.
void parse_str
(string
str)
Parses str as if it were the query string passed via an URL and sets variables in the current scope.
Example 1. Using parse_str()
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print -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
print
(string arg)Outputs arg.
See also: echo(), printf() and flush()
printf -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» formatÇÏ¿© Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
int printf
(string format [,
mixed args...])Produces output according to format, which is described in the documentation for sprintf().
See also: print(), sprintf(), and flush().
quoted_printable_decode -- quoted-printable ¹®ÀÚ¿À» 8 bit ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù.
string quoted_printable_decode
(string str)This function returns an 8-bit binary string corresponding to the decoded quoted printable string. This function is similar to imap_qprint(), except this one does not require the IMAP module to work.
QuoteMeta -- meta characterµéÀ» backslash°¡ ºÙÀº ¹®ÀÚ·Î ÀüȯÇÑ´Ù.
string quotemeta
(string
str)
Returns a version of str with a backslash character (\) before every character that is among these:
. \\ + * ? [ ^ ] ( $ ) |
See also addslashes(), htmlentities(), htmlspecialchars(), nl2br(), and stripslashes().
rawurldecode -- URL-encoded ¹®ÀÚ¿À» decodeÇÑ´Ù.
string rawurldecode
(string str)
Returns a string in which the sequences with percent (%) signs followed by two hex digits have been replaced with literal characters. For example, the string
foo%20bar%40baz |
decodes into
foo bar@baz |
See also rawurlencode().
rawurlencode -- RFC1738À» µû¶ó URL-encodeÇÑ´Ù.
string rawurlencode
(string str)
Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except
-_. |
have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits. This is the encoding described in RFC1738 for protecting literal characters from being interpreted as special URL delimiters, and for protecting URL's from being mangled by transmission media with character conversions (like some email systems). For example, if you want to include a password in an ftp url:
Example 1. Rawurlencode() example 1
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Or, if you pass information in a path info component of the url:
Example 2. Rawurlencode() example 2
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See also rawurldecode().
setlocale -- locale informationÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
string setlocale
(string
category, string locale)category is a string specifying the category of the functions affected by the locale setting:
If locale is the empty string "", the locale names will be set from the values of environment variables with the same names as the above categories, or from "LANG".
If locale is zero or "0", the locale setting is not affected, only the current setting is returned.
Setlocale returns the new current locale, or false if the locale functionality is not implemented in the plattform, the specified locale does not exist or the category name is invalid. An invalid category name also causes a warning message.
similar_text -- µÎ ¹®ÀÚ¿ °£ÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÑ Á¤µµ¸¦ °è»êÇÑ´Ù.
int similar_text
(string first,
string second [, double percent])This calculates the similarity between two strings as described in Oliver [1993]. Note that this implementation does not use a stack as in Oliver's pseudo code, but recursive calls which may or may not speed up the whole process. Note also that the complexity of this algorithm is O(N**3) where N is the length of the longest string.
By passing a reference as third argument, similar_text() will calculate the similarity in percent for you. It returns the number of matching chars in both strings.
soundex -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ soundex key¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.(¿ªÀÚÁÖ: ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹ßÀ½À» ã±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë, ¿µ¾î¸¸ °¡´É)
string soundex
(string
str)
Calculates the soundex key of str.
Soundex keys have the property that words pronounced similarly produce the same soundex key, and can thus be used to simplify searches in databases where you know the pronunciation but not the spelling. This soundex function returns a string 4 characters long, starting with a letter.
This particular soundex function is one described by Donald Knuth in "The Art Of Computer Programming, vol. 3: Sorting And Searching", Addison-Wesley (1973), pp. 391-392.
Example 1. Soundex Examples
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sprintf -- formatµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string sprintf
(string
format [, mixed args...])
Returns a string produced according to the formatting string format.
The format string is composed by zero or more directives: ordinary characters (excluding %) that are copied directly to the result, and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching its own parameter. This applies to both sprintf() and printf().
Each conversion specification consists of these elements, in order:
% - a literal percent character. No argument is required. |
b - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a binary number. |
c - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII value. |
d - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a decimal number. |
f - the argument is treated as a double, and presented as a floating-point number. |
o - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an octal number. |
s - the argument is treated as and presented as a string. |
x - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase letters). |
X - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase letters). |
See also: printf(), number_format()
Example 1. Sprintf(): zero-padded integers
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Example 2. Sprintf(): formatting currency
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(PHP3 >= 3.0.2, PHP4 )
strcasecmp -- binary ¹æ½Ä(safe)ÀÇ ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ ±¸º° ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿ ºñ±³int strcasecmp
(string
str1, string str2)
Returns < 0 if str1 is less than str2; > 0 if str1 is greater than str2, and 0 if they are equal.
Example 1. strcasecmp() example
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See also ereg(), strcmp(), substr(), stristr(), and strstr().
strchr -- ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ°¡ óÀ½ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °÷À» ã´Â´Ù.
string strchr
(string
haystack, string needle)This function is an alias for strstr(), and is identical in every way.
strcmp -- binary ¹æ½Ä(safe)ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿ ºñ±³
int strcmp
(string str1,
string str2)
Returns < 0 if str1 is less than str2; > 0 if str1 is greater than str2, and 0 if they are equal.
Note that this comparison is case sensitive.
See also ereg(), substr(), and strstr().
strcspn -- mask¿¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â initial segmentÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int strcspn
(string
str1, string str2)Returns the length of the initial segment of str1 which does not contain any of the characters in str2.
See also strspn().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.8, PHP4 >= 4.0b2)
strip_tags -- ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡¼ HTML°ú PHP Å×±×µéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
string strip_tags
(string str [, string allowable_tags])
This function tries to strip all HTML and PHP tags from the given string. It errors on the side of caution in case of incomplete or bogus tags. It uses the same tag stripping state machine as the fgetss() function.
You can use the optional second parameter to specify tags which should not be stripped.
Note: Allowable_tags was added in PHP 3.0.13, PHP4B3.
string stripcslashes
(string str)
Returns a string with backslashes stripped off. Recognizes C-like \n, \r ..., octal and hexadecimal representation.
Note: Added in PHP4b3-dev.
See also addcslashes().
StripSlashes -- addslashes·Î quoteµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» un-quoteÇÑ´Ù.
string stripslashes
(string str)
Returns a string with backslashes stripped off. (\' becomes ' and so on.) Double backslashes are made into a single backslash.
See also addslashes().
(PHP3 >= 3.0.6, PHP4 )
stristr -- ´ë,¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â strstr()string stristr
(string
haystack, string needle)
Returns all of haystack from the first occurrence of needle to the end. needle and haystack are examined in a case-insensitive manner.
If needle is not found, returns false.
If needle is not a string, it is converted to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character.
strlen -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int strlen
(string str)Returns the length of string.
strpos -- ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ù À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int strpos
(string
haystack, string needle [, int offset])
Returns the numeric position of the first occurrence of needle in the haystack string. Unlike the strrpos(), this function can take a full string as the needle parameter and the entire string will be used.
If needle is not found, returns false.
Note: It is easy to mistake the return values for "character found at position 0" and "character not found". Here's how to detect the difference:
1 2 // in PHP 4.0b3 and newer: 3 $pos = strpos ("b", $mystring); 4 if ($pos === false) { // note: three equal signs 5 // not found... 6 } 7 8 // in versions older than 4.0b3: 9 $pos = strpos ("b", $mystring); 10 if (is_string ($pos) && !$pos) { 11 // not found... 12 } 13
If needle is not a string, it is converted to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character.
The optional offset parameter allows you to specify which character in haystack to start searching. The position returned is still relative to the the beginning of haystack.
See also strrpos(), strrchr(), substr(), and strstr().
strrchr -- ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string strrchr
(string
haystack, string needle)
This function returns the portion of haystack which starts at the last occurrence of needle and goes until the end of haystack.
Returns false if needle is not found.
If needle contains more than one character, the first is used.
If needle is not a string, it is converted to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character.
Example 1. Strrchr() example
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See also substr() and strstr().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
str_repeat -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.string str_repeat
(string input, int multiplier)
Returns input_str repeated multiplier times. multiplier has to be greater than 0.
Example 1. Str_repeat() example
|
This will output "-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=".
Note: This function was added in PHP 4.0.
strrev -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ReverseÇÑ´Ù.
string strrev
(string
string)Returns string, reversed.
strrpos -- ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â Á¦ÀÏ ¸¶Áö¸· À§Ä¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int strrpos
(string
haystack, char needle)
Returns the numeric position of the last occurrence of needle in the haystack string. Note that the needle in this case can only be a single character. If a string is passed as the needle, then only the first character of that string will be used.
If needle is not found, returns false.
If needle is not a string, it is converted to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character.
See also strpos(), strrchr(), substr(), stristr() and strstr().
strspn -- mask¿¡ ¸Â´Â initial segmentÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int strspn
(string str1,
string str2)
Returns the length of the initial segment of str1 which consists entirely of characters in str2
See also strcspn().
strstr -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÌ Ã³À½ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â À§Ä¡ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string strstr
(string
haystack, string needle)
Returns all of haystack from the first occurrence of needle to the end.
If needle is not found, returns false.
If needle is not a string, it is converted to an integer and applied as the ordinal value of a character.
Example 1. Strstr() example
|
See also stristr(), strrchr(), substr(), and ereg().
strtok -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» tokenÈ ÇÑ´Ù.
string strtok
(string
arg1, string arg2)
strtok() is used to tokenize a string. That is, if you have a string like "This is an example string" you could tokenize this string into its individual words by using the space character as the token.
Example 1. Strtok() example
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Note that only the first call to strtok uses the string argument. Every subsequent call to strtok only needs the token to use, as it keeps track of where it is in the current string. To start over, or to tokenize a new string you simply call strtok with the string argument again to initialize it. Note that you may put multiple tokens in the token parameter. The string will be tokenized when any one of the characters in the argument are found.
Also be careful that your tokens may be equal to "0". This evaluates to false in conditional expressions.
See also split() and explode().
strtolower -- ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
string strtolower
(string str)
Returns string with all alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. This means that in i.e. the default "C" locale, characters such as umlaut-A (Ä) will not be converted.
Example 1. Strtolower() example
|
See also strtoupper() and ucfirst().
strtoupper -- ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
string strtoupper
(string string)
Returns string with all alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.
Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. For instance, in the default "C" locale characters such as umlaut-a (ä) will not be converted.
Example 1. Strtoupper() example
|
See also strtolower() and ucfirst().
str_replace -- Replace all occurrences of needle in haystack with str
string str_replace
(string needle, string str, string haystack)
This function replaces all occurences of needle in haystack with the given str. If you don't need fancy replacing rules, you should always use this function instead of ereg_replace().
Example 1. Str_replace() example
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This function is binary safe.
Note: Str_replace() was added in PHP 3.0.6, but was buggy up until PHP 3.0.8.
See also ereg_replace() and strtr()
strtr -- ƯÁ¤ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ´ëÄ¡(translate)ÇÑ´Ù.
string strtr
(string
str, string from, string to)
This function operates on str, translating all occurrences of each character in from to the corresponding character in to and returning the result.
If from and to are different lengths, the extra characters in the longer of the two are ignored.
Example 1. Strtr() example
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strtr() can be called with only two arguments. If called with two arguments it behaves in a new way: from then has to be an array that contains string -> string pairs that will be replaced in the source string. strtr() will always look for the longest possible match first and will *NOT* try to replace stuff that it has already worked on.
Examples:
1 2 $trans = array ("hello" => "hi", "hi" => "hello"); 3 echo strtr("hi all, I said hello", $trans) . "\n"; 4 |
Note: This feature (two arguments) was added in PHP 4.0.
See also : ereg_replace().
substr -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
string substr
(string
string, int start [, int length])
Substr returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters.
If start is positive, the returned string will start at the start'th character of string.
Examples:
1 2 $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1); // returns "bcdef" 3 $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, 3); // returns "bcd" 4 |
If start is negative, the returned string will start at the start'th character from the end of string.
Examples:
1 2 $rest = substr ("abcdef", -1); // returns "f" 3 $rest = substr ("abcdef", -2); // returns "ef" 4 $rest = substr ("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d" 5 |
If length is given and is positive, the string returned will end length characters from start. If this would result in a string with negative length (because the start is past the end of the string), then the returned string will contain the single character at start.
If length is given and is negative, the string returned will end length characters from the end of string. If this would result in a string with negative length, then the returned string will contain the single character at start.
Examples:
1 2 $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, -1); // returns "bcde" 3 |
See also strrchr() and ereg().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
substr_replace -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ À§Ä¡ÀÇ text¸¦ ġȯÇÑ´Ù.string substr_replace
(string string, string replacement, int start [, int length])
substr_replace() replaces the part of string delimited by the start and (optionally) length parameters with the string given in replacement. The result is returned.
If start is positive, the replacing will begin at the start'th offset into string.
If start is negative, the replacing will begin at the start'th character from the end of string.
If length is given and is positive, it represents the length of the portion of string which is to be replaced. If it is negative, it represents the number of characters from the end of string at which to stop replacing. If it is not given, then it will default to strlen( string ); i.e. end the replacing at the end of string.
Example 1. Substr_replace() example
|
See also str_replace() and substr().
Note: Substr_replace() was added in PHP 4.0.
trim -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ ¾Õ,µÚ ¿©¹é ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
string trim
(string str)
This function strips whitespace from the start and the end of a string and returns the stripped string. The whitespace characters it currently strips are: "\n", "\r", "\t", "\v", "\0", and a plain space
ucfirst -- ¹®ÀÚ¿ÀÇ Ã³À½ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
string ucfirst
(string
str)
Capitalizes the first character of str if that character is alphabetic.
Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. For instance, in the default "C" locale characters such as umlaut-a (ä) will not be converted.
Example 1. ucfirst() example
|
See also strtoupper() and strtolower().
ucwords -- ¹®ÀÚ¿³»ÀÇ °¢ ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
string ucwords
(string
str)
Capitalizes the first character of each word in str if that character is alphabetic.
Example 1. ucwords() example
|
See also strtoupper(), strtolower() and ucfirst().
PHP´Â Paul HaeberliÀÇ libswf ¸ðµâÀ» ÅëÇØ Shockwave Flash ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. libswf´Â http://reality.sgi.com/grafica/flash/¿¡¼ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. libswf °¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é PHP ¼³Á¤½Ã¿¡ --with-swf[=DIR] ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (DIRÀº include¿Í lib µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù.) include µð·ºÅ丮¿¡´Â swf.h ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í, lib µð·ºÅ丮¿¡´Â libswf.a ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ libswf ¹èÆ÷º»À» Ç®¾ú´Âµ¥ ÀÌ µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ °°Àº µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, include¿Í lib µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé¾î ÀÌ µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀûÇÕÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ¿Å°Ü µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
PHP¸¦ Shockwave Flash Áö¿øÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ÀÌÁ¦ PHP¿¡¼ Shockwave ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ³î¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Äڵ带 »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. :
Example 1. SWF example
|
À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ÀÌ url¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¿µ»óÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù.
Note: SWF Áö¿øÀº PHP4 RC2¿¡¼ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_openfile -- Open a new Shockwave Flash filevoid swf_openfile
(string filename, float width, float height, float framerate, float r,
float g, float b)
The swf_openfile() function opens a new file named filename with a width of width and a height of height a frame rate of framerate and background with a red color of r a green color of g and a blue color of b.
The swf_openfile() must be the first function you call, otherwise your script will cause a segfault. If you want to send your output to the screen make the filename: "php://stdout" (support for this is in 4.0.1 and up).
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_closefile -- Close the current Shockwave Flash file(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_labelframe -- Label the current framevoid swf_labelframe
(string name)
Label the current frame with the name given by the name parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_showframe -- Display the current framevoid swf_showframe
(void);
The swf_showframe function will output the current frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_setframe -- Switch to a specified framevoid swf_setframe
(int
framenumber)
The swf_setframe() changes the active frame to the frame specified by framenumber.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_getframe -- Get the frame number of the current frameint swf_getframe
(void);
The swf_getframe() function gets the number of the current frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_mulcolor -- Sets the global multiply color to the rgba value specifiedvoid swf_mulcolor
(float
r, float g, float b, float a)
The swf_mulcolor() function sets the global multiply color to the rgba color specified. This color is then used (implicitly) by the swf_placeobject(), swf_modifyobject() and the swf_addbuttonrecord() functions. The color of the object will be multiplied by the rgba values when the object is written to the screen.
Note: The rgba values can be either positive or negative.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_addcolor -- Set the global add color to the rgba value specifiedvoid swf_addcolor
(float
r, float g, float b, float a)
The swf_addcolor() function sets the global add color to the rgba color specified. This color is then used (implicitly) by the swf_placeobject(), swf_modifyobject() and the swf_addbuttonrecord() functions. The color of the object will be add by the rgba values when the object is written to the screen.
Note: The rgba values can be either positive or negative.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_placeobject -- Place an object onto the screenvoid swf_placeobject
(int objid, int depth)
Places the object specified by objid in the current frame at a depth of depth. The objid parameter and the depth must be between 1 and 65535.
This uses the current mulcolor (specified by swf_mulcolor()) and the current addcolor (specified by swf_addcolor()) to color the object and it uses the current matrix to position the object.
Note: Full RGBA colors are supported.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_modifyobject -- Modify an objectvoid swf_modifyobject
(int depth, int how)
Updates the position and/or color of the object at the specified depth, depth. The parameter how determines what is updated. how can either be the constant MOD_MATRIX or MOD_COLOR or it can be a combination of both (MOD_MATRIX|MOD_COLOR).
MOD_COLOR uses the current mulcolor (specified by the function swf_mulcolor()) and addcolor (specified by the function swf_addcolor()) to color the object. MOD_MATRIX uses the current matrix to position the object.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_removeobject -- Remove an objectvoid swf_removeobject
(int depth)
Removes the object at the depth specified by depth.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_nextid -- Returns the next free object idint swf_nextid
(void);
The swf_nextid() function returns the next available object id.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_startdoaction -- Start a description of an action list for the current framevoid swf_startdoaction
(void);
The swf_startdoaction() function starts the description of an action list for the current frame. This must be called before actions are defined for the current frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actiongotoframe -- Play a frame and then stopvoid swf_actiongotoframe
(int framenumber)
The swf_actionGotoFrame() function will go to the frame specified by framenumber, play it, and then stop.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actiongeturl -- Get a URL from a Shockwave Flash movievoid swf_actiongeturl
(string url, string target)
The swf_actionGetUrl() function gets the URL specified by the parameter url with the target target.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionnextframe -- Go foward one framevoid swf_actionnextframe
(void);
Go foward one frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionprevframe -- Go backwards one framevoid swf_actionprevframe
(void);(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionplay -- Start playing the flash movie from the current framevoid swf_actionplay
(void);
Start playing the flash movie from the current frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionstop -- Stop playing the flash movie at the current framevoid swf_actionstop
(void);
Stop playing the flash movie at the current frame.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actiontogglequality -- Toggle between low and high qualityvoid swf_actiontogglequality
(void);
Toggle the flash movie between high and low quality.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionwaitforframe -- Skip actions if a frame has not been loadedvoid swf_actionwaitforframe
(int framenumber, int skipcount)
The swf_actionWaitForFrame() function will check to see if the frame, specified by the framenumber parameter has been loaded, if not it will skip the number of actions specified by the skipcount parameter. This can be useful for "Loading..." type animations.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actionsettarget -- Set the context for actionsvoid swf_actionsettarget
(string target)
The swf_actionSetTarget() function sets the context for all actions. You can use this to control other flash movies that are currently playing.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_actiongotolabel -- Display a frame with the specified labelvoid swf_actiongotolabel
(string label)
The swf_actionGotoLabel() function displays the frame with the label given by the label parameter and then stops.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_enddoaction -- End the current actionvoid swf_enddoaction
(void);
Ends the current action started by the swf_startdoaction() function.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_defineline -- Define a linevoid swf_defineline
(int
objid, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float width)
The swf_defineline() defines a line starting from the x coordinate given by x1 and the y coordinate given by y1 parameter. Up to the x coordinate given by the x2 parameter and the y coordinate given by the y2 parameter. It will have a width defined by the width parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_definerect -- Define a rectanglevoid swf_definerect
(int
objid, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float width)
The swf_definerect() defines a rectangle with an upper left hand coordinate given by the x, x1, and the y, y1. And a lower right hand coordinate given by the x coordinate, x2, and the y coordinate, y2 . Width of the rectangles border is given by the width parameter, if the width is 0.0 then the rectangle is filled.
(PHP4 >= 4.0.0)
swf_definepoly -- Define a polygonvoid swf_definepoly
(int
objid, array coords, int npoints, float width)
The swf_definepoly() function defines a polygon given an array of x, y coordinates (the coordinates are defined in the parameter coords). The parameter npoints is the number of overall points that are contained in the array given by coords. The width is the width of the polygon's border, if set to 0.0 the polygon is filled.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_startshape -- Start a complex shapevoid swf_startshape
(int
objid)
The swf_startshape() function starts a complex shape, with an object id given by the objid parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapelinesolid -- Set the current line stylevoid swf_shapelinesolid
(float r, float g, float b, float a, float width)
The swf_shapeLineSolid() function sets the current line style to the color of the rgba parameters and width to the width parameter. If 0.0 is given as a width then no lines are drawn.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapefilloff -- Turns off fillingvoid swf_shapefilloff
(void);
The swf_shapeFillOff() function turns off filling for the current shape.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapefillsolid -- Set the current fill style to the specified colorvoid swf_shapefillsolid
(float r, float g, float b, float a)
The swf_shapeFillSolid() function sets the current fill style to solid, and then sets the fill color to the values of the rgba parameters.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapefillbitmaptile -- Set current fill mode to clipped bitmapvoid swf_shapefillbitmapclip
(int bitmapid)
Sets the fill to bitmap clipped, empty spaces will be filled by the bitmap given by the bitmapid parameter
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapefillbitmaptile -- Set current fill mode to tiled bitmapvoid swf_shapefillbitmaptile
(int bitmapid)
Sets the fill to bitmap tile, empty spaces will be filled by the bitmap given by the bitmapid parameter (tiled).
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapemoveto -- Move the current positionvoid swf_shapemoveto
(float x, float y)
The swf_shapeMoveTo() function moves the current position to the x coordinate given by the x parameter and the y position given by the y parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapelineto -- Draw a linevoid swf_shapelineto
(float x, float y)
The swf_shapeLineTo() draws a line to the x,y coordinates given by the x parameter & the y parameter. The current position is then set to the x,y parameters.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapecurveto -- Draw a quadratic bezier curve between two pointsvoid swf_shapecurveto
(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2)
The swf_shapecurveto() function draws a quadratic bezier curve from the x coordinate given by x1 and the y coordinate given by y1 to the x coordinate given by x2 and the y coordinate given by y2. The current position is then set to the x,y coordinates given by the x2 and y2 parameters
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapecurveto3 -- Draw a cubic bezier curvevoid swf_shapecurveto3
(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3)
Draw a cubic bezier curve using the x,y coordinate pairs x1, y1 and x2,y2 as off curve control points and the x,y coordinate x3, y3 as an endpoint. The current position is then set to the x,y coordinate pair given by x3,y3.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_shapearc -- Draw a circular arcvoid swf_shapearc
(float
x, float y, float r, float ang1, float ang2)
The swf_shapeArc() function draws a circular arc from angle A given by the ang1 parameter to angle B given by the ang2 parameter. The center of the circle has an x coordinate given by the x parameter and a y coordinate given by the y, the radius of the circle is given by the r parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_endshape -- Completes the definition of the current shapevoid swf_endshape
(void);
The swf_endshape() completes the definition of the current shape.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_definefont -- Defines a fontvoid swf_definefont
(int
fontid, string fontname)
The swf_definefont() function defines a font given by the fontname parameter and gives it the id specified by the fontid parameter. It then sets the font given by fontname to the current font.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_setfont -- Change the current fontvoid swf_setfont
(int
fontid)
The swf_setfont() sets the current font to the value given by the fontid parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_fontsize -- Change the font sizevoid swf_fontsize
(float
size)
The swf_fontsize() function changes the font size to the value given by the size parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_fontslant -- Set the font slantvoid swf_fontslant
(float slant)
Set the current font slant to the angle indicated by the slant parameter. Positive values create a foward slant, negative values create a negative slant.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_fonttracking -- Set the current font trackingvoid swf_fonttracking
(float tracking)
Set the font tracking to the value specified by the tracking parameter. This function is used to increase the spacing between letters and text, positive values increase the space and negative values decrease the space between letters.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_getfontinfo -- The height in pixels of a capital A and a lowercase xarray swf_getfontinfo
(void);
The swf_getfontinfo() function returns an associative array with the following parameters:
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_definetext -- Define a text stringvoid swf_definetext
(int
objid, string str, int docenter)
Define a text string (the str parameter) using the current font and font size. The docenter is where the word is centered, if docenter is 1, then the word is centered in x.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_textwidth -- Get the width of a stringfloat swf_textwidth
(string str)
The swf_textwidth() function gives the width of the string, str, in pixels, using the current font and font size.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_definebitmap -- Define a bitmapvoid swf_definebitmap
(int objid, string image_name)
The swf_definebitmap() function defines a bitmap given a GIF, JPEG, RGB or FI image. The image will be converted into a Flash JPEG or Flash color map format.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_getbitmapinfo -- Get information about a bitmaparray swf_getbitmapinfo
(int bitmapid)
The swf_getbitmapinfo() function returns an array of information about a bitmap given by the bitmapid parameter. The returned array has the following elements:
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_startsymbol -- Define a symbolvoid swf_startsymbol
(int objid)
Define an object id as a symbol. Symbols are tiny flash movies that can be played simultaneously. The objid parameter is the object id you want to define as a symbol.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_endsymbol -- End the definition of a symbolvoid swf_endsymbol
(void);
The swf_endsymbol() function ends the definition of a symbol that was started by the swf_startsymbol() function.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_startbutton -- Start the definition of a buttonvoid swf_startbutton
(int objid, int type)
The swf_startbutton() function starts off the definition of a button. The type parameter can either be TYPE_MENUBUTTON or TYPE_PUSHBUTTON. The TYPE_MENUBUTTON constant allows the focus to travel from the button when the mouse is down, TYPE_PUSHBUTTON does not allow the focus to travel when the mouse is down.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_addbuttonrecord -- Controls location, appearance and active area of the current buttonvoid swf_addbuttonrecord
(int states, int shapeid, int depth)
The swf_addbuttonrecord() function allows you to define the specifics of using a button. The first parameter, states, defines what states the button can have, these can be any or all of the following constants: BSHitTest, BSDown, BSOver or BSUp. The second parameter, the shapeid is the look of the button, this is usually the object id of the shape of the button. The depth parameter is the placement of the button in the current frame.
Example 1. Swf_addbuttonrecord() function example
|
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_oncondition -- Describe a transition used to trigger an action listvoid swf_oncondition
(int transition)
The swf_onCondition() function describes a transition that will trigger an action list. There are several types of possible transitions, the following are for buttons defined as TYPE_MENUBUTTON:
For TYPE_PUSHBUTTON there are the following options:
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_endbutton -- End the definition of the current buttonvoid swf_endbutton
(void);
The swf_endButton() function ends the definition of the current button.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_viewport -- Select an area for future drawingvoid swf_viewport
(double xmin, double xmax, double ymin, double ymax)
The swf_viewport() function selects an area for future drawing for xmin to xmax and ymin to ymax, if this function is not called the area defaults to the size of the screen.
(PHP4 CVS only)
swf_ortho -- Defines an orthographic mapping of user coordinates onto the current viewportvoid swf_ortho
(double
xmin, double xmax, double ymin, double ymax, double zmin, double zmax)
The swf_ortho() funcion defines a orthographic mapping of user coordinates onto the current viewport.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_ortho2 -- Defines 2D orthographic mapping of user coordinates onto the current viewportvoid swf_ortho2
(double
xmin, double xmax, double ymin, double ymax)
The swf_ortho2() function defines a two dimensional orthographic mapping of user coordinates onto the current viewport, this defaults to one to one mapping of the area of the Flash movie. If a perspective transformation is desired, the swf_perspective () function can be used.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_perspective -- Define a perspective projection transformationvoid swf_perspective
(double fovy, double aspect, double near, double far)
The swf_perspective() function defines a perspective projection transformation. The fovy parameter is field-of-view angle in the y direction. The aspect parameter should be set to the aspect ratio of the viewport that is being drawn onto. The near parameter is the near clipping plane and the far parameter is the far clipping plane.
Note: Various distortion artifacts may appear when performing a perspective projection, this is because Flash players only have a two dimensional matrix. Some are not to pretty.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_polarview -- Define the viewer's position with polar coordinatesvoid swf_polarview
(double dist, double azimuth, double incidence, double twist)
The swf_polarview() function defines the viewer's position in polar coordinates. The dist parameter gives the distance between the viewpoint to the world space origin. The azimuth parameter defines the azimuthal angle in the x,y coordinate plane, measured in distance from the y axis. The incidence parameter defines the angle of incidence in the y,z plane, measured in distance from the z axis. The incidence angle is defined as the angle of the viewport relative to the z axis. Finally the twist specifies the amount that the viewpoint is to be rotated about the line of sight using the right hand rule.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_lookat -- Define a viewing transformationvoid swf_lookat
(double
view_x, double view_y, double view_z, double reference_x, double reference_y,
double reference_z, double twist)
The swf_lookat() function defines a viewing transformation by giving the viewing position (the parameters view_x, view_y, and view_z) and the coordinates of a reference point in the scene, the reference point is defined by the reference_x, reference_y , and reference_z parameters. The twist controls the rotation along with viewer's z axis.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_pushmatrix -- Push the current transformation matrix back unto the stackvoid swf_pushmatrix
(void);
The swf_pushmatrix() function pushes the current transformation matrix back onto the stack.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_popmatrix -- Restore a previous transformation matrixvoid swf_popmatrix
(void);
The swf_popmatrix() function pushes the current transformation matrix back onto the stack.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_scale -- Scale the current transformationvoid swf_scale
(double
x, double y, double z)
The swf_scale() scales the x coordinate of the curve by the value of the x parameter, the y coordinate of the curve by the value of the y parameter, and the z coordinate of the curve by the value of the z parameter.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_translate -- Translate the current transformationsvoid swf_translate
(double x, double y, double z)
The swf_translate() function translates the current transformation by the x, y, and z values given.
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_rotate -- Rotate the current transformationvoid swf_rotate
(double
angle, string axis)
The swf_rotate() rotates the current transformation by the angle given by the angle parameter around the axis given by the axis parameter. Valid values for the axis are 'x' (the x axis), 'y' (the y axis) or 'z' (the z axis).
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC2)
swf_posround -- Enables or Disables the rounding of the translation when objects are placed or movedvoid swf_posround
(int
round)
The swf_posround() function enables or disables the rounding of the translation when objects are placed or moved, there are times when text becomes more readable because rounding has been enabled. The round is whether to enable rounding or not, if set to the value of 1, then rounding is enabled, if set to 0 then rounding is disabled.
sybase_affected_rows -- ÃÖ±Ù ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â rowÀÇ °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_affected_rows
(int [link_identifier] );
Returns: The number of affected rows by the last query.
sybase_affected_rows() returns the number of rows affected by the last INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE query on the server associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
This command is not effective for SELECT statements, only on statements which modify records. To retrieve the number of rows returned from a SELECT, use sybase_num_rows().
Note: This function is only available using the CT library interface to Sybase, and not the DB library.
sybase_close -- Sybase connectionÀ» ´Ý´Â´Ù.
int sybase_close(int link_identifier);
Returns: true on success, false on error
sybase_close() closes the link to a Sybase database that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed.
Note that this isn't usually necessary, as non-persistent open links are automatically closed at the end of the script's execution.
sybase_close() will not close persistent links generated by sybase_pconnect().
See also: sybase_connect(), sybase_pconnect().
sybase_connect -- Sybase server connectionÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int sybase_connect(string servername, string username, string password);
Returns: A positive Sybase link identifier on success, or false on error.
sybase_connect() establishes a connection to a Sybase server. The servername argument has to be a valid servername that is defined in the 'interfaces' file.
In case a second call is made to sybase_connect() with the same arguments, no new link will be established, but instead, the link identifier of the already opened link will be returned.
The link to the server will be closed as soon as the execution of the script ends, unless it's closed earlier by explicitly calling sybase_close().
See also sybase_pconnect(), sybase_close().
sybase_data_seek -- internal row pointer¸¦ ¿Å±ä´Ù.
int sybase_data_seek(int result_identifier, int row_number);
Returns: true on success, false on failure
sybase_data_seek() moves the internal row pointer of the Sybase result associated with the specified result identifier to pointer to the specifyed row number. The next call to sybase_fetch_row() would return that row.
See also: sybase_data_seek().
sybase_fetch_array -- row¸¦ ¹è¿·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int sybase_fetch_array(int result);
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
sybase_fetch_array() is an extended version of sybase_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices of the result array, it also stores the data in associative indices, using the field names as keys.
An important thing to note is that using sybase_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using sybase_fetch_row(), while it provides a significant added value.
For further details, also see sybase_fetch_row()
sybase_fetch_field -- Çʵå Á¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
object sybase_fetch_field(int result, int field_offset);
Returns an object containing field information.
sybase_fetch_field() can be used in order to obtain information about fields in a certain query result. If the field offset isn't specified, the next field that wasn't yet retreived by sybase_fetch_field() is retreived.
The properties of the object are:
name - column name. if the column is a result of a function, this property is set to computed#N, where #N is a serial number.
column_source - the table from which the column was taken
max_length - maximum length of the column
numeric - 1 if the column is numeric
See also sybase_field_seek()
sybase_fetch_object -- row¸¦ °´Ã¼(Object)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
int sybase_fetch_object(int result);
Returns: An object with properties that correspond to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
sybase_fetch_object() is similar to sybase_fetch_array(), with one difference - an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
Speed-wise, the function is identical to sybase_fetch_array(), and almost as quick as sybase_fetch_row() (the difference is insignificant).
See also: sybase_fetch-array() and sybase_fetch-row().
sybase_fetch_row -- row¸¦ ¹è¿(enumerated array)·Î °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
array sybase_fetch_row(int result);
Returns: An array that corresponds to the fetched row, or false if there are no more rows.
sybase_fetch_row() fetches one row of data from the result associated with the specified result identifier. The row is returned as an array. Each result column is stored in an array offset, starting at offset 0.
Subsequent call to sybase_fetch_rows() would return the next row in the result set, or false if there are no more rows.
See also: sybase_fetch_array(), sybase_fetch_object(), sybase_data_seek(), sybase_fetch_lengths(), and sybase_result().
sybase_field_seek -- ÇʵåÀÇ offsetÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_field_seek(int result, int field_offset);
Seeks to the specified field offset. If the next call to sybase_fetch_field() won't include a field offset, this field would be returned.
See also: sybase_fetch_field().
sybase_free_result -- result memory¸¦ Ç®¾îÁØ´Ù.
int sybase_free_result
(int result);
sybase_free_result() only needs to be called if you are worried about using too much memory while your script is running. All result memory will automatically be freed when the script, you may call sybase_free_result() with the result identifier as an argument and the associated result memory will be freed.
sybase_num_fields -- resultÀÇ field °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_num_fields(int result);
sybase_num_fields() returns the number of fields in a result set.
See also: sybase_db_query(), sybase_query(), sybase_fetch_field(), sybase_num_rows().
sybase_num_rows -- resultÀÇ row °³¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_num_rows(string result);
sybase_num_rows() returns the number of rows in a result set.
See also: sybase_db_query(), sybase_query() and, sybase_fetch_row().
sybase_pconnect -- ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Sybase Á¢¼ÓÀ» ¿¬´Ù.
int sybase_pconnect(string servername, string username, string password);
Returns: A positive Sybase persistent link identifier on success, or false on error
sybase_pconnect() acts very much like sybase_connect() with two major differences.
First, when connecting, the function would first try to find a (persistent) link that's already open with the same host, username and password. If one is found, an identifier for it will be returned instead of opening a new connection.
Second, the connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the script ends. Instead, the link will remain open for future use (sybase_close() will not close links established by sybase_pconnect()).
This type of links is therefore called 'persistent'.
sybase_query -- Sybase ÁúÀǸ¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_query(string query, int link_identifier);
Returns: A positive Sybase result identifier on success, or false on error.
sybase_query() sends a query to the currently active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If the link identifier isn't specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function tries to establish a link as if sybase_connect() was called, and use it.
See also: sybase_db_query(), sybase_select_db(), and sybase_connect().
sybase_result -- result data¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_result(int result, int i, mixed field);
Returns: The contents of the cell at the row and offset in the specified Sybase result set.
sybase_result() returns the contents of one cell from a Sybase result set. The field argument can be the field's offset, or the field's name, or the field's table dot field's name (fieldname.tablename). If the column name has been aliased ('select foo as bar from...'), use the alias instead of the column name.
When working on large result sets, you should consider using one of the functions that fetch an entire row (specified below). As these functions return the contents of multiple cells in one function call, they're MUCH quicker than sybase_result(). Also, note that specifying a numeric offset for the field argument is much quicker than specifying a fieldname or tablename.fieldname argument.
Recommended high-performance alternatives: sybase_fetch_row(), sybase_fetch_array(), and sybase_fetch_object().
sybase_select_db -- Sybase database¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
int sybase_select_db(string database_name, int link_identifier);
Returns: true on success, false on error
sybase_select_db() sets the current active database on the server that's associated with the specified link identifier. If no link identifier is specified, the last opened link is assumed. If no link is open, the function will try to establish a link as if sybase_connect() was called, and use it.
Every subsequent call to sybase_query() will be made on the active database.
See also: sybase_connect(), sybase_pconnect(), and sybase_query()
base64_decode -- MIME base64·Î encodeµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» decode ÇÑ´Ù.
string base64_decode
(string
encoded_data)base64_decode() decodes encoded_data and returns the original data. The returned data may be binary.
See also: base64_encode(), RFC-2045 section 6.8.
base64_encode -- MIME base64 ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î encodeÇÑ´Ù.
string base64_encode
(string
data)base64_encode() returns data encoded with base64. This encoding is designed to make binary data survive transport through transport layers that are not 8-bit clean, such as mail bodies.
Base64-encoded data takes about 33% more space than the original data.
See also: base64_decode(), chunk_split(), RFC-2045 section 6.8.
parse_url -- PHP°¡ form data¸¦ Çؼ®ÇϵíÀÌ query stringÀ» Çؼ®(parse)ÇÑ´Ù.
array parse_url
(string
url)
This function returns an associative array returning any of the various components of the URL that are present. This includes the "scheme", "host", "port", "user", "pass", "path", "query", and "fragment".
urldecode -- URL-encodeµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» decodeÇÑ´Ù.
string urldecode
(string
str)
Decodes any %## encoding in the given string. The decoded string is returned.
Example 1. Urldecode() example
|
See also urlencode()
urlencode -- ¹®ÀÚ¿À» URL-encodeÇÑ´Ù.
string urlencode
(string
str)
Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form is encoded, that is the same way as in application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. This differs from the RFC1738 encoding (see rawurlencode()) in that for historical reasons, spaces are encoded as plus (+) signs. This function is convenient when encoding a string to be used in a query part of an URL, as a convenient way to pass variables to the next page:
Example 1. Urlencode() example
|
See also urldecode()
(PHP3 >= 3.0.3, PHP4 )
call_user_func -- ù ¹ø° ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù.mixed call_user_func
(string function_name [, mixed parameters*])
Call a user defined function given by the function_name parameter. Take the following:
1 2 function barber ($type) { 3 print "You wanted a $type haircut, no problem"; 4 } 5 call_user_func('barber', "mushroom"); 6 call_user_func('barber', "shave"); 7 |
doubleval -- º¯¼öÀÇ ½Ç¼ö(double)°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
double doubleval
(mixed
var)
Returns the double (floating point) value of var.
Var may be any scalar type. You cannot use doubleval() on arrays or objects.
1 2 $var = '122.34343The'; 3 $double_value_of_var = doubleval ($var); 4 print $double_value_of_var; // prints 122.34343 5 |
See also intval(), strval(), settype() and Type juggling.
empty -- º¯¼ö°¡ °ªÀÌ ºñ¾î Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int empty
(mixed var)
Returns false if var is set and has a non-empty or non-zero value; true otherwise.
1 2 $var = 0; 3 if (empty($var)) { #evaluates true 4 print '$var is either 0 or not at all set'; 5 } 6 if (!isset($var)) { // evaluates false 7 print 'The $var is not set at all'; 8 } 9 |
Note that this is meaningless when used on anything which isn't a variable; i.e. empty (addslashes ($name)) has no meaning since it would be checking whether something which isn't a variable is a variable with a false value.
gettype -- º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
string gettype
(mixed
var)
Returns the type of the PHP variable var.
Possibles values for the returned string are:
See also settype().
intval -- º¯¼öÀÇ Á¤¼ö°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
int intval
(mixed var [,
int base])
Returns the integer value of var, using the specified base for the conversion (the default is base 10).
Var may be any scalar type. You cannot use intval() on arrays or objects.
See also doubleval(), strval(), settype() and Type juggling.
is_array -- º¯¼ö°¡ ¹è¿Àΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_array
(mixed var)
Returns true if var is an array, false otherwise.
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_float(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_real(), is_string(), is_long(), and is_object().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
is_bool -- º¯¼ö°¡ ºÒ¸°ÇüÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.int is_bool
(mixed var)
Returns true if the var parameter is a boolean.
See also is_array(), is_double(), is_float(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_real(), is_string(), is_long(), and is_object().
is_double -- º¯¼ö°¡ ½Ç¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_double
(mixed var);Returns true if var is a double, false otherwise.
See also is_array(), is_bool(), is_float(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_real(), is_string(), is_long(), and is_object().
is_float -- º¯¼ö°¡ ½Ç¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_float
(mixed var);This function is an alias for is_double().
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_real(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_string(), is_object(), is_array(), and is_long().
is_int -- º¯¼ö°¡ Á¤¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_int
(mixed var);This function is an alias for is_long().
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_float(), is_integer(), is_string(), is_real(), is_object(), is_array(), and is_long().
is_integer -- º¯¼ö°¡ Á¤¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_integer
(mixed var);This function is an alias for is_long().
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_float(), is_int(), is_string(), is_real(), is_object(), is_array(), and is_long().
is_long -- º¯¼ö°¡ Á¤¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_long
(mixed var);Returns true if var is an integer (long), false otherwise.
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_float(), is_int(), is_real(), is_string(), is_object(), is_array(), and is_integer().
(PHP4 >= 4.0RC1)
is_numeric -- º¯¼ö°¡ ¼ýÀÚ È¤Àº ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿Àΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.int is_numeric
(mixed
var)
Returns true if var is a number or a numeric string, false otherwise.
See also is_bool(), is_double(), is_float(), is_int(), is_real(), is_string(), is_object(), is_array(), and is_integer().
is_object -- º¯¼ö°¡ °´Ã¼(object)Àΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_object
(mixed
var)
Returns true if var is an object, false otherwise.
See also is_bool(), is_long(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_float(), is_double(), is_real(), is_string(), and is_array().
is_real -- º¯¼ö°¡ ½Ç¼öÀΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_real
(mixed var)This function is an alias for is_double().
See also is_bool(), is_long(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_float(), is_double(), is_object(), is_string(), and is_array().
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
is_resource -- º¯¼ö°¡ ÀÚ¿ø(resource)À» °¡Áö°í Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.int is_resource
(mixed
var)
is_resource() returns true if the variable given by the var parameter is a resource, otherwise it returns false.
Resources are things like file or database result handles that are allocated and freed by internal PHP functions and that may need some cleanup when they are no longer in use but haven't been freed by user code.
is_string -- º¯¼ö°¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿Àΰ¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int is_string
(mixed
var)Returns true if var is a string, false otherwise.
See also is_bool(), is_long(), is_int(), is_integer(), is_float(), is_double(), is_real(), is_object(), and is_array().
isset -- º¯¼ö¿¡ °ªÀÌ Àִ°¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
int isset
(mixed var)
Returns true if var exists; false otherwise.
If a variable has been unset with unset(), it will no longer be isset().
1 2 $a = "test"; 3 echo isset ($a); // true 4 unset ($a); 5 echo isset ($a); // false 6 |
(PHP4 )
print_r -- º¯¼ö°ªÀ» »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù²Ù¾î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
void print_r
(mixed
expression)
This function displays information about the values of variables in a way that's readable by humans. If given a string, integer or double, the value itself will be printed. If given an array, values will be presented in a format that shows keys and elements. Similar notation is used for objects.
Compare print_r() to var_dump().
1 2 <?php 3 $a = array (1, 2, array ("a", "b", "c")); 4 print_r ($a); 5 ?> 6 |
Warning |
This function will continue forever if given an array or object that contains a direct or indirect reference to itself or that contains an array or object on a deepre level that does so. This is especially true for print_r($GLOBALS), as $GLOBALS is itself a global variable and contains a reference to itself as such. |
settype -- º¯¼öÀÇ typeÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int settype
(string var,
string type)Set the type of variable var to type.
Possibles values of type are:
Returns true if successful; otherwise returns false.
See also gettype().
strval -- º¯¼öÀÇ °ªÀ» ¹®ÀÚ¿·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.
string strval
(mixed
var)Returns the string value of var.
var may be any scalar type. You cannot use strval() on arrays or objects.
See also doubleval(), intval(), settype() and Type juggling.
unset -- º¯¼ö¸¦ UnsetÇÑ´Ù.
int unset
(mixed var)
unset() destroys the specified variable and returns true.
Example 1. Unset() example
|
(PHP3 >= 3.0.5, PHP4 )
var_dump -- Dumps information about a variablevoid var_dump
(mixed
expression)
This function returns structured information about an expression that includes its type and value. Arrays are explored recursively with values indented to show structure.
Compare var_dump() to print_r().
1 2 <pre> 3 <?php 4 $a = array (1, 2, array ("a", "b", "c")); 5 var_dump ($a); 6 ?> 7 </pre> 8 |
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº QMAIL (www.qmail.org) °ú vmailmgr ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â Bruce Guenter¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦°øµÇ°í ÀÖ°í http://www.qcc.sk.ca/~bguenter/distrib/vmailmgr/ ¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµé¿¡¼´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ º¯¼ö°¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù : ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °¡»ó domain (vdomain.com)ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ À̸§À» °ªÀ¸·Î °¡Áö´Â vdomainÀ̶ó´Â string º¯¼ö¿Í, °¡»ó userµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â 'ÁøÂ¥(real)' userÀÇ password¸¦ °ªÀ¸·Î °¡Áö´Â basepwd¶ó´Â string º¯¼öÀÌ´Ù.
°¡»ó userµéÀÇ password´Â 8ÀÚ±îÁö¸¸ ÀÎ½ÄµÇ°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ´Â ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.
¸ðµç ÇÔ¼öµéÀÇ return »óÅ´ response.h ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.
O ok |
1 bad |
2 error |
3 error connecting |
¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹®Á¦µé: vm_deluser()´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ directory¸¦ Áö¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. vm_addalias()´Â ÇöÀç Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
1 2 <?php 3 dl("php3_vmailmgr.so"); //load the shared library 4 $vdomain="vdomain.com"; 5 $basepwd="password"; 6 ?> 7 |
vm_adduser -- ÁÖ¾îÁø password·Î »õ virtual user¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int vm_adduser
(string vdomain,
string basepwd, string newusername, string newuserpassword)Add a new virtual user with a password. newusername is the email login name and newuserpassword the password for this user.
vm_addalias -- virtual user¿¡ alias¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
int vm_addalias
(string vdomain, string basepwd, string username, string alias);
Add an alias to a virtual user. username is the email login name and alias is an alias for this vuser.
vm_passwd -- virtual userÀÇ password¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.
int vm_passwd
(string
vdomain, string username, string password, string newpassword)
Changes a virtual users password. username is the email login name, password the old password for the vuser, and newpassword the new password.
vm_delalias -- alias¸¦ Áö¿î´Ù.
int vm_delalias
(string
vdomain, string basepwd, string alias)Removes an alias.
vm_deluser -- virtual user¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù.
int vm_deluser
(string
vdomain, string username)Removes a virtual user.
ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº WDDX¿Í ÇÔ²² µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
º¯¼ö¸¦ ³ª¿(serialize)ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÇÔ¼öµéÀº, ¹è¿ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¿ø¼Ò·Î ÇØ´ç ¹è¿ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹è¿·Î ³ª¿(serialize)µÉ °ÍÀÎÁö, ±¸Á¶Ã¼(structure)·Î ³ª¿µÉ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ù¹ø° ¿ø¼Ò°¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿ Å°¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±¸Á¶Ã¼·Î ³ª¿µÇ°í, ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ¹è¿·Î ³ª¿µÈ´Ù.
Note that all the functions that serialize variables use the first element of an array to determine whether the array is to be serialized into an array or structure. If the first element has string key, then it is serialized into a structure, otherwise, into an array.
Example 1. Serializing a single value
|
À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.:
1 2 <wddxPacket version='0.9'><header comment='PHP packet'/><data> 3 <string>PHP to WDDX packet example</string></data></wddxPacket> 4 |
Example 2. Using incremental packets
|
À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.:
1 2 <wddxPacket version='0.9'><header comment='PHP'/><data><struct> 3 <var name='pi'><number>3.1415926</number></var><var name='cities'> 4 <array length='3'><string>Austin</string><string>Novato</string> 5 <string>Seattle</string></array></var></struct></data></wddxPacket> 6 |
wddx_serialize_value -- WDDX ÆÐÄÏ¿¡ ´ÜÀÏ °ªÀ» serialize ÇÑ´Ù.
string wddx_serialize_value
(mixed var, string [comment]);
wddx_serialize_value() is used to create a WDDX packet from a single given value. It takes the value contained in var, and an optional comment string that appears in the packet header, and returns the WDDX packet.
wddx_serialize_vars -- WDDX ÆÐÄÏ¿¡ ¿©·¯ º¯¼ö¸¦ serialize ÇÑ´Ù.
string wddx_serialize_vars
(mixed var_name [, mixed ...])
wddx_serialize_vars() is used to create a WDDX packet with a structure that contains the serialized representation of the passed variables.
wddx_serialize_vars() takes a variable number of arguments, each of which can be either a string naming a variable or an array containing strings naming the variables or another array, etc.
Example 1. wddx_serialize_vars example
|
The above example will produce:
1 2 <wddxPacket version='0.9'><header/><data><struct><var name='a'><number>1</number></var> 3 <var name='b'><number>5.5</number></var><var name='c'><array length='3'> 4 <string>blue</string><string>orange</string><string>violet</string></array></var> 5 <var name='d'><string>colors</string></var></struct></data></wddxPacket> 6 |
wddx_packet_start -- ³»ºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶´ë·Î »õ·Î¿î WDDX ÆÐÄÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
int wddx_packet_start
(string [comment]);
Use wddx_packet_start() to start a new WDDX packet for incremental addition of variables. It takes an optional comment string and returns a packet ID for use in later functions. It automatically creates a structure definition inside the packet to contain the variables.
wddx_packet_end -- ÁöÁ¤µÈ IDÀÇ WDDX ÆÐÄÏÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
int wddx_packet_end
(int packet_id);
wddx_packet_end() ends the WDDX packet specified by the packet_id and returns the string with the packet.
wddx_add_vars -- ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÆÐÄÏ¿¡ Ãß°¡·Î º¯¼öµéÀ» serializeÇÑ´Ù.
wddx_add_vars
(int packet_id, ...);
wddx_add_vars() is used to serialize passed variables and add the result to the packet specified by the packet_id. The variables to be serialized are specified in exactly the same way as wddx_serialize_vars().
wddx_deserialize -- WDDX ÆÐÄÏÀ» deserialize ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed wddx_deserialize
(string packet);
wddx_deserialized() takes a packet string and deserializes it. It returns the result which can be string, number, or array. Note that structures are deserialized into associative arrays.
XML(eXtensible Markup Language)À̶õ À¥¿¡¼ ±³È¯µÇ´Â ¹®¼¸¦ À§ÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Æ÷¸ËÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº W3C(World Wide Web consortium)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±ÔÁ¤µÈ Ç¥ÁØÀÌ´Ù. XML¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¿Í ±×¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ±â¼úµéÀº http://www.w3.org/XML/¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ È®ÀåÀº http://www.jclark.com/xml/¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â expat¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. expact¿Í ÇÔ²² µû¶ó¿À´Â MakefileÀº ±×´ë·Î´Â ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº make ruleÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß °¡´ÉÇØ Áø´Ù. :
1 2 libexpat.a: $(OBJS) 3 ar -rc $@ $(OBJS) 4 ranlib $@ 5 |
expactÀÇ ¼Ò½º RPM ÆÐÅ°Áö´Â http://www.guardian.no/~ssb/phpxml.html¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
À¯´Ð½º¿¡¼´Â configure¸¦ --with-xml ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. expat ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯°¡ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ expact°¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯°¡ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é configure¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ȯ°æº¯¼ö CPPFLAGS¿Í LDFLAGS¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ PHP¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ È®ÀåÀº PHP¿¡¼ James ClarkÀÇ expat¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ToolkitÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ XMLÀ» Çؼ®(parse)Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏÁö¸¸, À¯È¿ÇÑ°¡(validate)´Â È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ È®ÀåÀº PHP°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¼¼°¡Áö ¹®ÀÚ ÇüÅÂ(character encodings)¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. US-ASCII¿Í ISO-8859-1, UTF-8ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. UTF-16Àº Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ È®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀº XML Æļ¸¦ ¸¸µé°í(create XML parsers), ¼·Î´Ù¸¥ XML event¿¡ ´ëÇØ handlers¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ XML Æļ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¶Á¤°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸î °³ÀÇ parameters¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¦°øµÇ´Â XML event handlers´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
Table 1. Supported XML handlers
PHP function to set handler |
Event description |
---|---|
Element events are issued whenever the XML parser encounters start or end tags. There are separate handlers for start tags and end tags. |
|
Character data is roughly all the non-markup contents of XML documents, including whitespace between tags. Note that the XML parser does not add or remove any whitespace, it is up to the application (you) to decide whether whitespace is significant. |
|
PHP programmers should be familiar with processing instructions (PIs) already. <?php ?> is a processing instruction, where php is called the "PI target". The handling of these are application-specific, except that all PI targets starting with "XML" are reserved. |
|
What goes not to another handler goes to the default handler. You will get things like the XML and document type declarations in the default handler. |
|
This handler will be called for declaration of an unparsed (NDATA) entity. |
|
This handler is called for declaration of a notation. |
|
This handler is called when the XML parser finds a reference to an external parsed general entity. This can be a reference to a file or URL, for example. See the external entity example for a demonstration. |
element handler ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ case-foldedÇÏ°Ô ¾ò´Â´Ù. Case-foldingÀº XML Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. : "a process applied to a sequence of characters, in which those identified as non-uppercase are replaced by their uppercase equivalents" (ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹®Àڵ鿡¼ ´ë¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ±ÛÀÚµéÀ» ´ë¹®ÀÚ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç´Â ¹æ¹ý). ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé case-foldingÀ̶õ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ uppercasingÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î, handler ÇÔ¼ö¿¡ Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ À̸§Àº case-foldedÇÏ´Ù. case-folded ¼³Á¤Àº xml_parser_get_option()°ú xml_parser_set_option() ÇÔ¼ö·Î XML Æļ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁúÀÇÇϰųª ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »ó¼öµéÀÌ XML ¿¡·¯ ÄÚµå·Î Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. (xml_parse()ÀÇ ¹Ýȯ°ªÀÌ´Ù.)
XML_ERROR_NONE |
XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY |
XML_ERROR_SYNTAX |
XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS |
XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN |
XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN |
XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR |
XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH |
XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE |
XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT |
XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF |
XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY |
XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF |
XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY |
XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF |
XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF |
XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF |
XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI |
XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING |
XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING |
XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION |
XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING |
PHPÀÇ XML È®ÀåÀº ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ character encodingµéÀ» À§ÇØ Unicode character setÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. character encoding¿¡´Â source encoding°ú target encodingÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö À¯ÇüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Âü°í·Î PHP´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç ¹®¼¸¦ UTF-8À¸·Î encodeÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Source encodingÀº XML ¹®¼°¡ Çؼ®(parse)µÉ ¶§ ÀϾÙ. XML Æļ¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§(Upon creating an XML parser), source encodingÀº ÁöÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (ÀÌ encodingÀº ÇØ´ç XML Æļ°¡ ¾ø¾îÁú ¶§ ±îÁö º¯°æµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.) Áö¿øµÇ´Â source encodingÀº ISO-8859-1¿Í US-ASCII, UTF-8ÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÕÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö´Â single-byte encodingÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ°¡ 1°³ÀÇ byte·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. UTF-8Àº 1 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ 4 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®(21ºñÆ®)±îÁö º¯°æ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¼öÀÇ ºñÆ®¼ö·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ¹®ÀÚ·Î encodeÇÑ´Ù. PHP¿¡¼ ±âº» source encodingÀº ISO-8859-1ÀÌ´Ù.
Target encodingÀº PHP°¡ XML handler ÇÔ¼ö·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ ¶§ ÀϾÙ. XML Æļ°¡ »ý¼ºµÉ ¶§ target encodingÀº source encoding°ú °°Àº °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö¸¸, ±× °ªÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ¾ðÁ¦¶óµµ ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. target encodingÀº ¹®ÀÚ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, tag À̸§À̳ª processing instruction targets¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à XML Æļ°¡ ±×°ÍÀÇ source encodingÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹üÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸³´Ù¸é, Æļ´Â ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
PHP°¡ Çؼ®µÈ(parsed) ¹®¼Áß¿¡¼ ¼±ÅÃµÈ target encoding¾È¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ "demoted"ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç ±×·± ¹®ÀÚµéÀº ¹°À½Ç¥(?)·Î ´ëÄ¡µÈ´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡ XML ¹®¼¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â PHP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¿¹Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¹®¼¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ indentationÇÏ¿© Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿¹Á¦. :
Example 1. Show XML Element Structure
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Example 2. Map XML to HTML ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´Â XML¹®¼ÀÇ ÅÃÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î HTML ÅÃÀ¸·Î mapÇÑ´Ù. "map array"¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿ä¼Ò´Â ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®¼ ŸÀÔ¿¡¼¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
|
ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´Â XML ÄÚµåÀÇ ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹®¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ(include)ÇÏ°í Çؼ®(parse)Çϱâ À§ÇØ external entity reference handler¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í, ¾î¶»°Ô PI(processing instruction)°¡ ¼öÇàµÇ°í, PI°¡ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ÄÚµåÀÇ "½Å·Ú(trust)"¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ XML ¹®¼´Â ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (xmltest.xml¿Í xmltest2.xml.)
Example 3. External Entity Example
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Example 4. xmltest.xml
|
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº xmltest.xml¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ(include)µÈ´Ù.
Example 5. xmltest2.xml
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xml_parser_create -- XML parser¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
int xml_parser_create
([string
encoding])
encoding (optional)
Which character encoding the parser should use. The following character encodings are supported:
ISO-8859-1 (default) |
US-ASCII |
UTF-8 |
This function creates an XML parser and returns a handle for use by other XML functions. Returns false on failure.
(PHP4 >= 4.0b4)
xml_set_object -- object¿¡ ´ëÇÑ XML Parser¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (Use XML Parser within an object)void xml_set_object
(int
parser, object &object)
This function makes parser useable from within object. All callback functions settet via xml_set_element_handler() etc are assumed to be methods of object.
1 2 <?php 3 class xml { 4 var $parser; 5 6 function xml() { 7 $this->parser = xml_parser_create(); 8 xml_set_object($this->parser,&$this); 9 xml_set_element_handler($this->parser,"tag_open","tag_close"); 10 xml_set_character_data_handler($this->parser,"cdata"); 11 } 12 13 function parse($data) { 14 xml_parse($this->parser,$data); 15 } 16 17 function tag_open($parser,$tag,$attributes) { 18 var_dump($parser,$tag,$attributes); 19 } 20 21 function cdata($parser,$cdata) { 22 var_dump($parser,$cdata); 23 } 24 25 function tag_close($parser,$tag) { 26 var_dump($parser,$tag); 27 } 28 29 } // end of class xml 30 31 $xml_parser = new xml(); 32 $xml_parser->parse("<A ID=\"hallo\">PHP</A>"); 33 ?> 34 |
Note: xml_set_object() handling was added in PHP 4.0.
xml_set_element_handler -- ½ÃÀÛ element handlers¿Í ³¡ element handlers¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_element_handler
(int parser, string startElementHandler, string endElementHandler);
Sets the element handler functions for the XML parser parser. startElementHandler and endElementHandler are strings containing the names of functions that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
The function named by startElementHandler must accept three parameters:
startElementHandler
(int parser, string name, string attribs);
The function named by endElementHandler must accept two parameters:
endElementHandler
(int parser, string name);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handlers are set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_character_data_handler -- character data handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_character_data_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the character data handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
The function named by handler must accept two parameters:
handler
(int parser, string data);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_processing_instruction_handler -- processing instruction (PI) handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_processing_instruction_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the processing instruction (PI) handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
A processing instruction has the following format:
<?target data?>
You can put PHP code into such a tag, but be aware of one limitation: in an XML PI, the PI end tag (?>) can not be quoted, so this character sequence should not appear in the PHP code you embed with PIs in XML documents. If it does, the rest of the PHP code, as well as the "real" PI end tag, will be treated as character data.
The function named by handler must accept three parameters:
handler
(int parser, string target, string data);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_default_handler -- ±âº» handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_default_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the default handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
The function named by handler must accept two parameters:
handler
(int parser, string data);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler -- unparsed entity declaration handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the unparsed entity declaration handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
This handler will be called if the XML parser encounters an external entity declaration with an NDATA declaration, like the following:
<!ENTITY name {publicId | systemId} NDATA notationName>
See section 4.2.2 of the XML 1.0 spec for the definition of notation declared external entities.
The function named by handler must accept six parameters:
handler
(int parser, string entityName, string base, string systemId, string publicId, string notationName);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_notation_decl_handler -- notation declaration handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_notation_decl_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the notation declaration handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
A notation declaration is part of the document's DTD and has the following format:
<!NOTATION name {systemId | publicId}>
See section 4.7 of the XML 1.0 spec for the definition of notation declarations.
The function named by handler must accept five parameters:
handler
(int parser, string notationName, string base, string systemId, string publicId);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler -- external entity reference handler¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler
(int parser, string handler);
Sets the notation declaration handler function for the XML parser parser. handler is a string containing the name of a function that must exist when xml_parse() is called for parser.
The function named by handler must accept five parameters, and should return an integer value. If the value returned from the handler is false (which it will be if no value is returned), the XML parser will stop parsing and xml_get_error_code() will return XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING.
int
handler
(int parser, string openEntityNames, string base, string systemId, string publicId);
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or false, the handler in question is disabled.
True is returned if the handler is set up, false if parser is not a parser.
There is currently no support for object/method handlers.
xml_parse -- XML documentÀÇ Çؼ®(parsing)À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_parse
(int parser, string data, int [isFinal]);
When the XML document is parsed, the handlers for the configured events are called as many times as necessary, after which this function returns true or false.
True is returned if the parse was successful, false if it was not successful, or if parser does not refer to a valid parser. For unsuccessful parses, error information can be retrieved with xml_get_error_code(), xml_error_string(), xml_get_current_line_number(), xml_get_current_column_number() and xml_get_current_byte_index().
xml_get_error_code -- XML parser error code¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int xml_get_error_code
(int parser);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns one of the error codes listed in the error codes section.
xml_error_string -- XML parser error ¹®ÀÚ¿À» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
string xml_error_string
(int code);
Returns a string with a textual description of the error code code, or false if no description was found.
xml_get_current_line_number -- XML parserÀÇ ÇöÀç line number¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int xml_get_current_line_number
(int parser);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which line the parser is currently at in its data buffer.
xml_get_current_column_number -- XML parserÀÇ ÇöÀç column number¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int xml_get_current_column_number
(int parser);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which column on the current line (as given by xml_get_current_line_number()) the parser is currently at.
xml_get_current_byte_index -- XML parserÀÇ ÇöÀç byte index¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
int xml_get_current_byte_index
(int parser);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which byte index the parser is currently at in its data buffer (starting at 0).
xml_parser_free -- XML parser¸¦ ÇØÁ¦(free)ÇÑ´Ù.
string xml_parser_free
(int parser);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or else it frees the parser and returns true.
xml_parser_set_option -- XML parserÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
int xml_parser_set_option
(int parser, int option, mixed value);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or if the option could not be set. Else the option is set and true is returned.
The following options are available:
Table 1. XML parser options
Option constant |
Data type |
Description |
---|---|---|
XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING |
integer |
Controls whether case-folding is enabled for this XML parser. Enabled by default. |
XML_OPTION_TARGET_ENCODING |
string |
Sets which target encoding to use in this XML parser. By default, it is set to the same as the source encoding used by xml_parser_create(). Supported target encodings are ISO-8859-1, US-ASCII and UTF-8. |
xml_parser_get_option -- XML parserÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
mixed xml_parser_get_option
(int parser, int option);
This function returns false if parser does not refer to a valid parser, or if the option could not be set. Else the option's value is returned.
See xml_parser_set_option() for the list of options.
utf8_decode -- UTF-8À¸·Î encodeµÈ ISO-8859-1 ¹®ÀÚ¿À» 1¹ÙÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ISO-8859-1·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
string utf8_decode
(string data);
This function decodes data, assumed to be UTF-8 encoded, to ISO-8859-1.
See utf8_encode() for an explaination of UTF-8 encoding.
utf8_encode -- ISO-8859-1·Î encodeµÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» UTF-8À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
string utf8_encode
(string data);
This function encodes the string data to UTF-8, and returns the encoded version. UTF-8 is a standard mechanism used by Unicodefor encoding wide character values into a byte stream. UTF-8 is transparent to plain ASCII characters, is self-synchronized (meaning it is possible for a program to figure out where in the bytestream characters start) and can be used with normal string comparison functions for sorting and such. PHP encodes UTF-8 characters in up to four bytes, like this:
Table 1. UTF-8 encoding
bytes |
bits |
representation |
---|---|---|
1 |
7 |
0bbbbbbb |
2 |
11 |
110bbbbb 10bbbbbb |
3 |
16 |
1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
4 |
21 |
11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
Each b represents a bit that can be used to store character data.
(¿ªÀÚÁÖ: À̺κÐÀº º°·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¹Ç·Î ¹ø¿ªÀ» »ý·«ÇÑ´Ù.)
PHP 3.0 is rewritten from the ground up. It has a proper parser that is much more robust and consistent than 2.0's. 3.0 is also significantly faster, and uses less memory. However, some of these improvements have not been possible without compatibility changes, both in syntax and functionality.
In addition, PHP's developers have tried to clean up both PHP's syntax and semantics in version 3.0, and this has also caused some incompatibilities. In the long run, we believe that these changes are for the better.
This chapter will try to guide you through the incompatibilities you might run into when going from PHP/FI 2.0 to PHP 3.0 and help you resolve them. New features are not mentioned here unless necessary.
A conversion program that can automatically convert your old PHP/FI 2.0 scripts exists. It can be found in the convertor subdirectory of the PHP 3.0 distribution. This program only catches the syntax changes though, so you should read this chapter carefully anyway.
The first thing you probably will notice is that PHP's start and end tags have changed. The old <? > form has been replaced by three new possible forms:
Example 0-1. Migration: old start/end tags <? echo "This is PHP/FI 2.0 code.\n"; > |
As of version 2.0, PHP/FI also supports this variation:
Example 0-2. Migration: first new start/end tags <? echo "This is PHP 3.0 code!\n"; ?> |
Notice that the end tag now consists of a question mark and a greater-than character instead of just greater-than. However, if you plan on using XML on your server, you will get problems with the first new variant, because PHP may try to execute the XML markup in XML documents as PHP code. Because of this, the following variation was introduced:
Example 0-3. Migration: second new start/end tags <?php echo "This is PHP 3.0 code!\n"; ?> |
Some people have had problems with editors that don't understand the processing instruction tags at all. Microsoft FrontPage is one such editor, and as a workaround for these, the following variation was introduced as well:
Example 0-4. Migration: third new start/end tags <script language="php"> echo "This is PHP 3.0 code!\n"; </script> |
The `alternative' way to write if/elseif/else statements, using if(); elseif(); else; endif; cannot be efficiently implemented without adding a large amount of complexity to the 3.0 parser. Because of this, the syntax has been changed:
Example 0-5. Migration: old if..endif syntax if ($foo); echo "yep\n"; elseif ($bar); echo "almost\n"; else; echo "nope\n"; endif; |
Example 0-6. Migration: new if..endif syntax if ($foo): echo "yep\n"; elseif ($bar): echo "almost\n"; else: echo "nope\n"; endif; |
Notice that the semicolons have been replaced by colons in all statements but the one terminating the expression (endif).
Just like with if..endif, the syntax of while..endwhile has changed as well:
Example 0-7. Migration: old while..endwhile syntax while ($more_to_come); ... endwhile; |
Example 0-8. Migration: new while..endwhile syntax while ($more_to_come): ... endwhile; |
Warning |
If you use the old while..endwhile syntax in PHP 3.0, you will get a never-ending loop. |
PHP/FI 2.0 used the left side of expressions to determine what type the result should be. PHP 3.0 takes both sides into account when determining result types, and this may cause 2.0 scripts to behave unexpectedly in 3.0.
Consider this example:
$a[0]=5; $a[1]=7; $key = key($a); while ("" != $key) { echo "$keyn"; next($a); }
In PHP/FI 2.0, this would display both of $a's indices. In PHP 3.0, it wouldn't display anything. The reason is that in PHP 2.0, because the left argument's type was string, a string comparison was made, and indeed "" does not equal "0", and the loop went through. In PHP 3.0, when a string is compared with an integer, an integer comparison is made (the string is converted to an integer). This results in comparing atoi("") which is 0, and variablelist which is also 0, and since 0==0, the loop doesn't go through even once.
The fix for this is simple. Replace the while statement with:
while ((string)$key != "") {
PHP 3.0's error messages are usually more accurate than 2.0's were, but you no longer get to see the code fragment causing the error. You will be supplied with a file name and a line number for the error, though.
In PHP 3.0 boolean evaluation is short-circuited. This means that in an expression like (1 || test_me()), the function test_me() would not be executed since nothing can change the result of the expression after the 1.
This is a minor compatibility issue, but may cause unexpected side-effects.
Most internal functions have been rewritten so they return TRUE when successful and FALSE when failing, as opposed to 0 and -1 in PHP/FI 2.0, respectively. The new behaviour allows for more logical code, like $fp = fopen("/your/file") or fail("darn!");. Because PHP/FI 2.0 had no clear rules for what functions should return when they failed, most such scripts will probably have to be checked manually after using the 2.0 to 3.0 convertor.
Example 0-9. Migration from 2.0: return values, old code $fp = fopen($file, "r"); if ($fp == -1); echo("Could not open $file for reading<br>\n"); endif; |
Example 0-10. Migration from 2.0: return values, new code $fp = @fopen($file, "r") or print("Could not open $file for reading<br>\n"); |
The PHP 3.0 Apache module no longer supports Apache versions prior to 1.2. Apache 1.2 or later is required.
echo() no longer supports a format string. Use the printf() function instead.
In PHP/FI 2.0, an implementation side-effect caused $foo[0] to have the same effect as $foo. This is not true for PHP 3.0.
Reading arrays with $array[] is no longer supported
That is, you cannot traverse an array by having a loop that does $data = $array[]. Use current() and next() instead.
Also, $array1[] = $array2 does not append the values of $array2 to $array1, but appends $array2 as the last entry of $array1. See also multidimensional array support.
"+" is no longer overloaded as a concatenation operator for strings, instead it converts it's arguments to numbers and performs numeric addition. Use "." instead.
Example 0-11. Migration from 2.0: concatenation for strings echo "1" + "1"; In PHP 2.0 this would echo 11, in PHP 3.0 it would echo 2. Instead use: echo "1"."1"; $a = 1; $b = 1; echo $a + $b; This would echo 2 in both PHP 2.0 and 3.0. $a = 1; $b = 1; echo $a.$b; This will echo 11 in PHP 3.0. |
¸ðµç ÇÔ¼ö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸ð¾çÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. :
void php3_foo(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS) { }
ºñ·Ï ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ¾î¶² Àμö(argument)µµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ, ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î È£ÃâµÈ´Ù.
Àμö(Argument)´Â ÇÑ»ó pval typeÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ typeÀº argumentÀÇ actual typeÀ» °¡Áø unionÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ¸¸¾à ÇÔ¼ö°¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ argument¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù¸é, ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ¸Ç óÀ½¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. :
Example 0-1. Fetching function arguments pval *arg1, *arg2; if (ARG_COUNT(ht) != 2 || getParameters(ht,2,&arg1,&arg2)==FAILURE) { WRONG_PARAM_COUNT; } |
NOTE: argument´Â by value¿Í by referenceÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÁß¿¡ Çϳª·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹æ½Ä ¸ðµÎ getParameters¿¡ &(pval *)À» Àü´ÞÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¿ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ n¹ø° parameter°¡ by reference·Î Àü´ÞµÇ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ·Á¸é, ParameterPassedByReference(ht,n) ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â 1À̳ª 0À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.
When you change any of the passed parameters, whether they are sent by reference or by value, you can either start over with the parameter by calling pval_destructor on it, or if it's an ARRAY you want to add to, you can use functions similar to the ones in internal_functions.h which manipulate return_value as an ARRAY.
Also if you change a parameter to IS_STRING make sure you first assign the new estrdup()'ed string and the string length, and only later change the type to IS_STRING. If you change the string of a parameter which already IS_STRING or IS_ARRAY you should run pval_destructor on it first.
A function can take a variable number of arguments. If your function can take either 2 or 3 arguments, use the following:
Example 0-2. Variable function arguments pval *arg1, *arg2, *arg3; int arg_count = ARG_COUNT(ht); if (arg_count < 2 || arg_count > 3 || getParameters(ht,arg_count,&arg1,&arg2,&arg3)==FAILURE) { WRONG_PARAM_COUNT; } |
°³º° argumentÀÇ typeÀº pval type Çʵ忡 ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ typeÀº ´ÙÀ½Áß ÇÑ °³´Ù. :
Table 0-1. PHP Internal Types
IS_STRING |
String |
IS_DOUBLE |
Double-precision floating point |
IS_LONG |
Long integer |
IS_ARRAY |
Array |
IS_EMPTY |
None |
IS_USER_FUNCTION |
?? |
IS_INTERNAL_FUNCTION |
?? (if some of these cannot be passed to a function - delete) |
IS_CLASS |
?? |
IS_OBJECT |
?? |
If you get an argument of one type and would like to use it as another, or if you just want to force the argument to be of a certain type, you can use one of the following conversion functions:
convert_to_long(arg1); convert_to_double(arg1); convert_to_string(arg1); convert_to_boolean_long(arg1); /* If the string is "" or "0" it becomes 0, 1 otherwise */ convert_string_to_number(arg1); /* Converts string to either LONG or DOUBLE depending on string */
These function all do in-place conversion. They do not return anything.
The actual argument is stored in a union; the members are:
IS_STRING: arg1->value.str.val
IS_LONG: arg1->value.lval
IS_DOUBLE: arg1->value.dval
ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â emalloc()À̳ª estrdup()À» »ç¿ëÇؼ È®º¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ malloc(), strdup()°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áö´Â Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ¸ð¸® °ü¸® ÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â efree()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇØÁ¦(free)µÈ´Ù.
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. : º¯¼ö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Æļ¿¡ µ¹·ÁÁö´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿Í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ³»ºÎ ÇÔ¼ö(internal function)¿¡¼ Àӽà ÀúÀå °ø°£À¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Æļ¿¡ µ¹·ÁÁÙ º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÀÌ º¯¼ö´Â ¿ì¼± emalloc()À̳ª estrdup()ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ °ø°£À» È®º¸ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â Àý´ë ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ç®¾îÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´ÜÁö, ÈÄ¿¡ °°Àº ÇÔ¼ö³»¿¡¼ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ´ëÀÔµÈ °ªÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö³ª ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡¼ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÓ½Ã/¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº emalloc()°ú estrdup(), efree()ÀÇ 3°³ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â ÇÔ¼öµé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÛµ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. emalloc()À̳ª estrdup()À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡´Â, ÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Á¾·áµÉ ¶§±îÁö ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇÑ, ¹Ýµå½Ã efree()°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¸Þ¸ð¸® ´©¼³(leak)ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. "±× ÇÔ¼ö°¡ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â ÇÔ¼ö¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÛµ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù"´Â °ÍÀÇ Àǹ̴Â, emalloc()À̳ª estrdup()¾øÀÌ efree()¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº segment fault ¿À·ù¸¦ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØÁ¦´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
PHPÀ» "-DDEBUG"¸¦ ÁÖ°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, PHP´Â emalloc()À̳ª estrdup()¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È®º¸µÈ ¸ðµç ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ list¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, efree()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇصµ ÇØÁ¦µÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇØ´ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ÇØÁ¦µÈ´Ù.
symbol table¿¡ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱ⠽±°ÔÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸î °³ÀÇ macro°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. :
SET_VAR_STRING(name,value) [1]
SET_VAR_DOUBLE(name,value)
SET_VAR_LONG(name,value)
PHP 3.0ÀÇ Symbol tablesÀº hash tableÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦³ª &symbol_tableÀº 'main' symbol tableÀ» °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ°í, active_symbol_tableÀº ÇöÀç activeµÈ symbol tableÀ» °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ´Ù. (ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö´Â ½ÃÀÛ(startup)½Ã´Â °°Áö¸¸, ÇÔ¼ö¾È¿¡¼´Â ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù.)
The following examples use 'active_symbol_table'. You should replace it with &symbol_table if you specifically want to work with the 'main' symbol table. Also, the same functions may be applied to arrays, as explained below.
Example 0-3. Checking whether $foo exists in a symbol table if (hash_exists(active_symbol_table,"foo",sizeof("foo"))) { exists... } else { doesn't exist } |
Example 0-4. Finding a variable's size in a symbol table hash_find(active_symbol_table,"foo",sizeof("foo"),&pvalue); check(pvalue.type); |
Arrays in PHP 3.0 are implemented using the same hashtables as symbol tables. This means the two above functions can also be used to check variables inside arrays.
If you want to define a new array in a symbol table, you should do the following.
First, you may want to check whether it exists and abort appropiately, using hash_exists() or hash_find().
Next, initialize the array:
Example 0-5. Initializing a new array pval arr; if (array_init(&arr) == FAILURE) { failed... }; hash_update(active_symbol_table,"foo",sizeof("foo"),&arr,sizeof(pval),NULL); |
This code declares a new array, named $foo, in the active symbol table. This array is empty.
Here's how to add new entries to it:
Example 0-6. Adding entries to a new array pval entry; entry.type = IS_LONG; entry.value.lval = 5; /* defines $foo["bar"] = 5 */ hash_update(arr.value.ht,"bar",sizeof("bar"),&entry,sizeof(pval),NULL); /* defines $foo[7] = 5 */ hash_index_update(arr.value.ht,7,&entry,sizeof(pval),NULL); /* defines the next free place in $foo[], * $foo[8], to be 5 (works like php2) */ hash_next_index_insert(arr.value.ht,&entry,sizeof(pval),NULL); |
If you'd like to modify a value that you inserted to a hash, you must first retrieve it from the hash. To prevent that overhead, you can supply a pval ** to the hash add function, and it'll be updated with the pval * address of the inserted element inside the hash. If that value is NULL (like in all of the above examples) - that parameter is ignored.
hash_next_index_insert() uses more or less the same logic as "$foo[] = bar;" in PHP 2.0.
If you are building an array to return from a function, you can initialize the array just like above by doing:
if (array_init(return_value) == FAILURE) { failed...; }
...and then adding values with the helper functions:
add_next_index_long(return_value,long_value); add_next_index_double(return_value,double_value); add_next_index_string(return_value,estrdup(string_value));
Of course, if the adding isn't done right after the array initialization, you'd probably have to look for the array first:
pval *arr; if (hash_find(active_symbol_table,"foo",sizeof("foo"),(void **)&arr)==FAILURE) { can't find... } else { use arr->value.ht... }
Note that hash_find receives a pointer to a pval pointer, and not a pval pointer.
Just about any hash function returns SUCCESS or FAILURE (except for hash_exists(), which returns a boolean truth value).
ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼ ½±°Ô °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸î °³ÀÇ ¸ÅÅ©·Î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. :
¸ðµç RETURN_* ¸ÅÅ©·ÎµéÀº return°ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í, ÇØ´ç ÇÔ¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ º¹±ÍÇÑ´Ù. :
RETURN
RETURN_FALSE
RETURN_TRUE
RETURN_LONG(l)
RETURN_STRING(s,dup) If dup is true, duplicates the string
RETURN_STRINGL(s,l,dup) Return string (s) specifying length (l).
RETURN_DOUBLE(d)
¸ðµç RETVAL_* ¸ÅÅ©·ÎµéÀº return°ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇØ´ç ÇÔ¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ º¹±ÍÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. :
RETVAL_FALSE
RETVAL_TRUE
RETVAL_LONG(l)
RETVAL_STRING(s,dup) If dup is true, duplicates the string
RETVAL_STRINGL(s,l,dup) Return string (s) specifying length (l).
RETVAL_DOUBLE(d)
The string macros above will all estrdup() the passed 's' argument, so you can safely free the argument after calling the macro, or alternatively use statically allocated memory.
If your function returns boolean success/error responses, always use RETURN_TRUE and RETURN_FALSE respectively.
ÇÔ¼ö´Â object³ª array°°Àº complex dataµµ ¹ÝȯÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Returning an object:
Call object_init(return_value).
Fill it up with values. The functions available for this purpose are listed below.
Possibly, register functions for this object. In order to obtain values from the object, the function would have to fetch "this" from the active_symbol_table. Its type should be IS_OBJECT, and it's basically a regular hash table (i.e., you can use regular hash functions on .value.ht). The actual registration of the function can be done using:
add_method( return_value, function_name, function_ptr );
The functions used to populate an object are:
add_property_long( return_value, property_name, l ) - Add a property named 'property_name', of type long, equal to 'l'
add_property_double( return_value, property_name, d ) - Same, only adds a double
add_property_string( return_value, property_name, str ) - Same, only adds a string
add_property_stringl( return_value, property_name, str, l ) - Same, only adds a string of length 'l'
Returning an array:
Call array_init(return_value).
Fill it up with values. The functions available for this purpose are listed below.
The functions used to populate an array are:
add_assoc_long(return_value,key,l) - add associative entry with key 'key' and long value 'l'
add_assoc_double(return_value,key,d)
add_assoc_string(return_value,key,str)
add_assoc_stringl(return_value,key,str,length) specify the string length
add_index_long(return_value,index,l) - add entry in index 'index' with long value 'l'
add_index_double(return_value,index,d)
add_index_string(return_value,index,str)
add_index_stringl(return_value,index,str,length) - specify the string length
add_next_index_long(return_value,l) - add an array entry in the next free offset with long value 'l'
add_next_index_double(return_value,d)
add_next_index_string(return_value,str)
add_next_index_stringl(return_value,str,length) - specify the string length
PHP 3.0Àº ¿©·¯ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ °¡Áö ÇüŸ¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Ç¥ÁØÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº PHP 2.0ÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ linked list¸¦ ´ëüÇÑ´Ù.
Available functions:
php3_list_insert(ptr, type) - returns the 'id' of the newly inserted resource
php3_list_delete(id) - delete the resource with the specified id
php3_list_find(id,*type) - returns the pointer of the resource with the specified id, updates 'type' to the resource's type
Typically, these functions are used for SQL drivers but they can be used for anything else; for instance, maintaining file descriptors.
Typical list code would look like this:
Example 0-7. Adding a new resource RESOURCE *resource; /* ...allocate memory for resource and acquire resource... */ /* add a new resource to the list */ return_value->value.lval = php3_list_insert((void *) resource, LE_RESOURCE_TYPE); return_value->type = IS_LONG; |
Example 0-8. Using an existing resource pval *resource_id; RESOURCE *resource; int type; convert_to_long(resource_id); resource = php3_list_find(resource_id->value.lval, &type); if (type != LE_RESOURCE_TYPE) { php3_error(E_WARNING,"resource index %d has the wrong type",resource_id->value.lval); RETURN_FALSE; } /* ...use resource... */ |
Example 0-9. Deleting an existing resource pval *resource_id; RESOURCE *resource; int type; convert_to_long(resource_id); php3_list_delete(resource_id->value.lval); |
The resource types should be registered in php3_list.h, in enum list_entry_type. In addition, one should add shutdown code for any new resource type defined, in list.c's list_entry_destructor() (even if you don't have anything to do on shutdown, you must add an empty case).
PHP 3.0Àº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¿ø(persistent resources; i.e., resources that are kept in between hits)À» ÀúÀåÇϴ ǥÁØÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº MySQL ¸ðµâ¿¡¼ óÀ½»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, mSQLµµ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ persistent resource¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¿ì¼± mysql.c¸¦ Àоµµ·ÏÇÏÀÚ. ÁÖÀÇÇؼ º¼ ÇÔ¼öµéÀº ´ÙÀº°ú °°´Ù. :
php3_mysql_do_connect |
php3_mysql_connect() |
php3_mysql_pconnect() |
persistence ¸ðµâÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ idea´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
Code all of your module to work with the regular resource list mentioned in section (9).
Code extra connect functions that check if the resource already exists in the persistent resource list. If it does, register it as in the regular resource list as a pointer to the persistent resource list (because of 1., the rest of the code should work immediately). If it doesn't, then create it, add it to the persistent resource list AND add a pointer to it from the regular resource list, so all of the code would work since it's in the regular resource list, but on the next connect, the resource would be found in the persistent resource list and be used without having to recreate it. You should register these resources with a different type (e.g. LE_MYSQL_LINK for non-persistent link and LE_MYSQL_PLINK for a persistent link).
If you read mysql.c, you'll notice that except for the more complex connect function, nothing in the rest of the module has to be changed.
The very same interface exists for the regular resource list and the persistent resource list, only 'list' is replaced with 'plist':
php3_plist_insert(ptr, type) - returns the 'id' of the newly inserted resource
php3_plist_delete(id) - delete the resource with the specified id
php3_plist_find(id,*type) - returns the pointer of the resource with the specified id, updates 'type' to the resource's type
However, it's more than likely that these functions would prove to be useless for you when trying to implement a persistent module. Typically, one would want to use the fact that the persistent resource list is really a hash table. For instance, in the MySQL/mSQL modules, when there's a pconnect() call (persistent connect), the function builds a string out of the host/user/passwd that were passed to the function, and hashes the SQL link with this string as a key. The next time someone calls a pconnect() with the same host/user/passwd, the same key would be generated, and the function would find the SQL link in the persistent list.
Until further documented, you should look at mysql.c or msql.c to see how one should use the plist's hash table abilities.
One important thing to note: resources going into the persistent resource list must *NOT* be allocated with PHP's memory manager, i.e., they should NOT be created with emalloc(), estrdup(), etc. Rather, one should use the regular malloc(), strdup(), etc. The reason for this is simple - at the end of the request (end of the hit), every memory chunk that was allocated using PHP's memory manager is deleted. Since the persistent list isn't supposed to be erased at the end of a request, one mustn't use PHP's memory manager for allocating resources that go to it.
When you register a resource that's going to be in the persistent list, you should add destructors to it both in the non-persistent list and in the persistent list. The destructor in the non-persistent list destructor shouldn't do anything. The one in the persistent list destructor should properly free any resources obtained by that type (e.g. memory, SQL links, etc). Just like with the non-persistent resources, you *MUST* add destructors for every resource, even it requires no destructotion and the destructor would be empty. Remember, since emalloc() and friends aren't to be used in conjunction with the persistent list, you mustn't use efree() here either.
¸¹Àº PHPÀÇ ±â´É(feature)µéÀÌ ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ ¼³Á¤ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ Áö½ÃÀÚ(configuration directives)´Â php3.ini¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ°Å³ª, Apache ¸ðµâÀÇ °æ¿ì .conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¼³Á¤°¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Apache .conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ ÀåÁ¡Àº µð·ºÅ丮º°·Î ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù¸£°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ¾î¶² µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ´Ù¸¥ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ °¡Áö°í À־, ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¸¸ safemodeexecdir ¼³Á¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °³º° ¼³Á¤ ±â´ÉÀº ¼¹ö°¡ multiple virtual hosts¸¦ Áö¿øÇÒ ¶§ ¹«Ã´ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
The steps required to add a new directive:
Add directive to php3_ini_structure struct in mod_php3.h.
In main.c, edit the php3_module_startup function and add the appropriate cfg_get_string() or cfg_get_long() call.
Add the directive, restrictions and a comment to the php3_commands structure in mod_php3.c. Note the restrictions part. RSRC_CONF are directives that can only be present in the actual Apache .conf files. Any OR_OPTIONS directives can be present anywhere, include normal .htaccess files.
In either php3take1handler() or php3flaghandler() add the appropriate entry for your directive.
In the configuration section of the _php3_info() function in functions/info.c you need to add your new directive.
And last, you of course have to use your new directive somewhere. It will be addressable as php3_ini.directive.
³»ºÎ ÇÔ¼ö(internal function)¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ºÎ¸£·Á¸é, call_user_function() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
call_user_function() returns SUCCESS on success, and FAILURE in case the function cannot be found. You should check that return value! If it returns SUCCESS, you are responsible for destroying the retval pval yourself (or return it as the return value of your function). If it returns FAILURE, the value of retval is undefined, and you mustn't touch it.
All internal functions that call user functions must be reentrant. Among other things, this means they must not use globals or static variables.
call_user_function() takes six arguments:
This is the hash table in which the function is to be looked up.
This is a pointer to an object on which the function is invoked. This should be NULL if a global function is called. If it's not NULL (i.e. it points to an object), the function_table argument is ignored, and instead taken from the object's hash. The object *may* be modified by the function that is invoked on it (that function will have access to it via $this). If for some reason you don't want that to happen, send a copy of the object instead.
The name of the function to call. Must be a pval of type IS_STRING with function_name.str.val and function_name.str.len set to the appropriate values. The function_name is modified by call_user_function() - it's converted to lowercase. If you need to preserve the case, send a copy of the function name instead.
A pointer to a pval structure, into which the return value of the invoked function is saved. The structure must be previously allocated - call_user_function() does NOT allocate it by itself.
The number of parameters being passed to the function.
An array of pointers to values that will be passed as arguments to the function, the first argument being in offset 0, the second in offset 1, etc. The array is an array of pointers to pval's; The pointers are sent as-is to the function, which means if the function modifies its arguments, the original values are changed (passing by reference). If you don't want that behavior, pass a copy instead.
³»ºÎ ÇÔ¼ö¿¡¼ ¿¡·¯¸¦ reportÇÒ ¶§´Â php3_error()ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â ÃÖ¼Ò µÎ°³ÀÇ Àμö¸¦ °¡Áö°í È£ÃâµÈ´Ù. ù¹ø°´Â ¿¡·¯ÀÇ levelÀÌ°í, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ À§ÇÑ format string( printf()¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ÇüÅÂ) ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø format stringÀÇ parameter°¡ µÈ´Ù. ¿¡·¯ levelÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. :
Notice´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Ãâ·ÂµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¹º°¡ ¿¡·¯¸¦ °¨ÁöÇßÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ »óȲ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á Ç߰ųª, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ stat() ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â °Í µîÀÌ´Ù.
WarningÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£ÃâÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀâÇôÁ®¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î À߸øµÈ regular expressionÀ¸·Î ereg()¸¦ È£ÃâÇÏ´Â °Í µîÀÌ´Ù.
Errorµµ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ÇÔ¼öÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ Á÷ÈÄ, ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» ¸ØÃá´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº memory allocation ¹®Á¦°°Àº º¹±¸°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
Parse error´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Parser¸¸ÀÌ »ý¼º°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. code°¡ listµÈ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ core¿¡ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â E_ERROR¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ÀÏ¹Ý ÇÔ¼ö·Î´Â ÀÌ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ core¿¡ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â E_WARNING¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ÀÏ¹Ý ÇÔ¼ö·Î´Â ÀÌ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
PHPÀÇ ³»Àå µð¹ö°Å´Â ÆľÇÇϱâ Èûµç ¹ö±×¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ µµ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. µð¹ö°Å´Â PHP°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù TCP Æ÷Æ®¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¿ä±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ÀÌ Á¡¼ÓÀ» ÅëÇØ Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. This information is intended for "debugging server" that can run inside an IDE or programmable editor (such as Emacs).
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date time
host(pid)
type:
message-data
Table C-1. Debugger Line Types
Name |
Meaning |
---|---|
start |
Tells the receiving program that a debugger message starts here. The contents of data will be the type of error message, listed below. |
message |
The PHP error message. |
location |
File name and line number where the error occured. The first location line will always contain the top-level location. data will contain file:line. There will always be a location line after message and after every function. |
frames |
Number of frames in the following stack dump. If there are four frames, expect information about four levels of called functions. If no "frames" line is given, the depth should be assumed to be 0 (the error occured at top-level). |
function |
Name of function where the error occured. Will be repeated once for every level in the function call stack. |
end |
Tells the receiving program that a debugger message ends here. |
Table C-2. Debugger Error Types
Debugger |
PHP Internal |
---|---|
warning |
E_WARNING |
error |
E_ERROR |
parse |
E_PARSE |
notice |
E_NOTICE |
core-error |
E_CORE_ERROR |
core-warning |
E_CORE_WARNING |
unknown |
(any other) |
Example C-1. Example Debugger Message 1998-04-05 23:27:400966 lucifer.guardian.no(20481) start: notice |
Be careful here. The value part must be malloc'ed manually because the memory management code will try to free this pointer later. Do not pass statically allocated memory into a SET_VAR_STRING. |