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6.1 The Resolver Library
6.2 Running named
2Àå¿¡¼ ³íÇÑ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, TCP/IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ·Àº ³×ÀÓÀ» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¼·Î
´Ù¸¥ ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. zoneÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶ name space ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÀÕÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø±äÇÏÁö¸¸,
°¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ È£½ºÆ® Å×À̺íÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â
´Ü ÇѸíÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í, ¿ÜºÎ¼¼°è·Î IP trafficÀ»
ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼Ò±Ô¸ð LAN¿¡¼³ª À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. hostsÆÄÀÏÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº ÀÌ¹Ì 5Àå¿¡¼
±â¼úÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.
´ë½Å¿¡, BIND (Berkely Internet Name Domain Server)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î
º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Ù. BIND¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¤¸»·Î Çãµå·¿ÀÏÀϼö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, Çѹø ÇØ
³õÀ¸¸é ³×Æ®¿÷ ÅäÆú·ÎÁöÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ½±°è º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º »ó¿¡¼ ³×ÀÓ
¼ºñ½º´Â ´Ù¸¥ UN*X ½Ã½ºÅÛó·³ named¶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À»
ÅëÇØ Á¦°øµÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ij½¬¿¡ ÀоîµéÀÌ°í ¸®¸ðÆ® ¶Ç´Â
·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Äõ¸®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸°´Ù. BIND¸¦ ¼Â¾÷Çϴµ§ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ
Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¸ðµçÈ£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ µ¹¸± ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÌ Àå¿¡¼± ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³·«ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¸¸À» ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÈ, ÀÛÁö¸¸Àº ¾ÊÀº LAN ȯ°æ¿¡¼ BIND¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ
°èȹÀ̶ó¸é, Cricket LiuÀÇ "DNS and BIND"([AlbitzLiu92]¸¦ º¸¶ó)°°Àº BIND¿¡ °üÇÑ
ÁÁÀº ¼ÀûÀ» ±¸Çغ¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ½ÅÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é, BIND ¼Ò½º¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¸±¸®Áî ³ëÆ®¸¦
°ËÅäÇÏÀÚ. DNS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´º½º±×·ìÀº comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domainsÀÌ´Ù.
6.1 The Resolver Library
"resolver"´Â Ư¼öÇÑ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ƴ϶ó, ´ë½Å Ç¥ÁØ
C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼ö ¸ðÀ½ÀÎ resolver library¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
ÇÙ½É ·çƾÀº gethostbyname(2)¿Í gethostbyaddr(2)·Î,
À̵éÀº ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ¸ðµç IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇϰųª, ±× ¹Ý´ëÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº
hosts³»ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ã°Å³ª, ³×ÀÓ¼¹öµé¿¡ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³»°Å³ª, ȤÀº
NIS (Network Information Service)ÀÇ hosts µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï
¼³Á¤µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
smail°ú °°Àº, ±×¿ÜÀÇ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀº À̵éÁß ¾î´À°Í°úµµ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦
Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ưº°ÇÑ ÁÖÀÇÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù.
6.1.1 The host.conf File
´ç½ÅÀÇ resolver ¼³Á¤À» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½ÉÆÄÀÏÀº host.confÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº
/etc³»¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, resolver¿¡ ¾î¶² ¼ºñ½º°¡ ¾î¶² ¼ø¼·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦
¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
host.conf³»ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ ¶óÀο¡ µû·Î ½áÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çʵå´Â
°ø¹é(space ¶Ç´Â tab)À¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö¸ç, Çؽ¬ºÎÈ£ (#)´Â, ´º¶óÀαîÁö´Â
ÁÖ¼®¹®ÀÓÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
order |
ÀÌ°ÍÀº resolving ¼ºñ½º°¡ ½ÃµµµÇ´Â ¼ø¼¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ Äõ¸®¸¦
º¸³»µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀº bindÀ̸ç, hosts´Â /etc/hosts¿¡¼
°Ë»öÀ», ±×¸®°í NIS °Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ°ÍÀº nisÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Áß ¾î´À ÇÑÂÊÀ̳ª ¸ðµÎ°¡
ÁöÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶óÀλóÀÇ ¼ø¼¿¡ µû¶ó °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. |
multi |
¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î onÀ̳ª off¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /etc/hosts³»ÀÇ
ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®°¡, ÈçÈ÷ "multi-homed"¶ó ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â, ¸î°³ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö
¾ø´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ç÷¡±×´Â DNS³ª NIS Äõ¸®¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿µÇâµµ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. |
nospoof |
Áö³ Àå¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´µí, DNS´Â in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â,
À߸øµÈ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» °ø±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Ãµµ¸¦ "spoofing"À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ¸·±â
À§Çؼ, resolver´Â ¾ò¾îÁø È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ¿¡ ÁøÂ¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿¬°üµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦
°Ë»çÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿¬°üµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ³×ÀÓÀº °ÅºÎµÇ°í ¿¡·¯°¡
¸®ÅϵȴÙ. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¿ëÀº nospoof onÀ¸·Î ¼¼ÆÃÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ È¿·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÑ´Ù. |
alert |
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÎÀÚ·Î on ¶Ç´Â off¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à on »óŶó¸é
spoof¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Ãµµ (À§¸¦ º¸¶ó)°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ resolver°¡ syslog¿¡ ·Î±×¸¦
³²±â°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. |
trim |
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÎÀÚ·Î °Ë»öÀü¿¡ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡¼ Á¦°ÅµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â hosts ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡¼, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀÌ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§
À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ·ÎÄõµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÚ¿¡ ºÙ¾îÀִ ȣ½ºÆ®¸¦ °Ë»öÇÒ ¶§ À̸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿©,
/etc/hosts³»ÀÇ °Ë»öÀÌ ¼º°øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
trim ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¸é, ´ç½ÅÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¸î¸î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·ÎÄÃó·³ °£ÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
|
¾Æ·¡´Â vlagerÀÇ »ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
# /etc/host.conf
# We have named running, but no NIS (yet)
order bind hosts
# Allow multiple addrs
multi on
# Guard against spoof attempts
nospoof on
# Tirm local domain (not really necessary).
trim vbrew.com.
6.1.2 Resolver Environment Variable
¸î¸î ȯ°áº¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© host.confÀÇ ¼¼ÆÃÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵å ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥,
ÀÌ È¯°æº¯¼öµéÀº,
RESOLV_HOST_CONF |
|
ÀÌ´Â /etc/host.conf´ë½Å¿¡ ÀоîµéÀÏ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. |
RESOLV_SERV_ORDER |
|
host.confÀÇ order ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵åÇÑ´Ù. ¼ºñ½º´Â host,
bind, ±×¸®°í nis°¡ °ø¹éÀ̳ª ÄÞ¸¶, ¶Ç´Â ¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·ÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾î ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. |
RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK |
|
spoofing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëó¼öÁØÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. off·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«·ÂÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
warn°ú warn off°ªÀº °¢±â loggingÀ» ÇÏ°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íÀ̳ª, spoof üũ´Â
¾çÂÊ ¸ðµÎ ÇÑ´Ù. * °ªÀº host.conf¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ loggingµµ ÇÑ´Ù. |
RESOLV_MULTI |
host.confÀÇ multi ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵å ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, on
¶Ç´Â offÀÇ °ªÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. |
RESOLV_OVERRIDE_TRIM_DOMAINS |
|
trim µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, host.confÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵åÇÑ´Ù.
RESOLV_ADD_TRIM_DOMAINS |
|
trim µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, ÀÌ´Â host.confÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ Ãß°¡µÈ´Ù.
|
6.1.3 Configuring Name Server Lookups - resolv.conf
È£½ºÆ® °Ë»ö¿¡ BIND ³×ÀÓ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï resolver ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ
ÇÒ ¶§, ¾î¶² ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ
ÆÄÀÏÀÌ resolv.confÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ºñ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é,
resolver´Â ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸¾à, ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ µ¹¸°´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ Àý¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡ µû¶ó º°µµ·Î
¼Â¾÷ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿÷»ó¿¡¼ ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
resolv.conf¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ÇØ Áà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
resolv.conf¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº nameserverÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ
³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é, nameserver
¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿©·¯¹ø ÁÖ¸éµÇ°í, ±× ¼ø¼¿¡µû¶ó ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î °¡Àå ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÖ´Â ¼¹ö¸¦
óÀ½¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç 3°³±îÁöÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à nameserver ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, resolver´Â ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®ÀÇ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ µÎ ¿É¼Ç, domain°ú search´Â, BIND°¡ ù¹ø° Äõ¸®·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
resolveÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ¶§ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡ ºÙ´Â µðÆúÆ® µµ¸ÞÀΰú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. search¿É¼ÇÀº
½ÃµµÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, ±× ¸ñ·ÏÀº °ø¹é¶Ç´Â ÅÇÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¾à search ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ ÀÚü¿Í root±îÁöÀÇ
¸ðµç »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î default search list¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀº domain
±¸¹®À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾îÁö°í, ¸¸¾à ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é resolver´Â getdomainname(2)
½Ã½ºÅÛ ÄÝÀ» ÅëÇØ À̸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
¸¸¾à È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù¸é, Virtual BreweryÀÇ »ùÇà resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ.
# /etc/resolv.conf
# Our domain
domain vbrew.com
#
# We use vlager as central nameserver:
nameserver 191.72.1.1
³×ÀÓ valeÀ» resolveÇÒ¶§, resolver´Â valeÀ» °Ë»öÇÏ¿©
ÀÌ¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇϸé vale.vbrew.com, ±×¸®°í vale.comÀ» °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
6.1.4 Resolver Robustness
¸¸¾à Á» ´õ Å« ±Ô¸ð³»¿¡¼ LANÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é
Áß¾Ó³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Áö´Ï´Â ÀåÁ¡Àº ¸ðµç Äõ¸®°¡ ±×°Í¿¡
Æ÷¿öµå µÊÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Ç³ºÎÇÑ Ä³½¬¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Ã¼°è¿¡´Â
ÇÑ°¡Áö °áÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¿ì¸® ´ëÇп¡¼ ÈÀç·Î backbone ÄÉÀ̺íÀÌ Åº ÀûÀÌ Àִµ¥,
resolver°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡µµ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÖÇØ ÇаúÀÇ LAN¿¡¼ÀÇ
¾î¶°ÇÑ X Å͹̳Π»óÀÇ ·Î±×ÀÎÀ̳ª ÇÁ¸°Æðú °°Àº ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù.
¹°·Ð ÈÀç·Î campus backboneÀÌ ³ª°¡¹ö¸®´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº
°æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹æÃ¥À» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» resolveÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Äõ¸®´Â Áß¾Ó¼¹ö¿¡ Æ÷¿öµå ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÚü µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû·Î
¿î¿µÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº, /etc/hosts³»¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¶Ç´Â LANÀÇ ¹é¾÷ È£½ºÆ® Å×À̺íÀ»
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, /etc/host.conf¿¡ "order bind hosts"¸¦ ³Ö¾îµÎ¾î
Áß¾Ó ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, resolver°¡ hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» ãµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
6.2 Running named
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ UN*X ¸Þ½Å¿¡¼ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº
named (³×ÀÓ-µð¶ó°í ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.)¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ø·¡ BSD¿¡¼ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿Í, °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é
´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÈ ¼¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º
¼³Ä¡¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹öÀüÀº BIND-4.8.3 Á¤µµÀ̸ç, »õ ¹öÀü BIND-4.9.3Àº º£Å¸ Å×½ºÆ®µÇ°í
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ð ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ È°¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÀýÀº Domain Name SystemÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ ¿äÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼
³íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ±×¸®½º¾î¸¦ º¸´Âµí ÇÏ´Ù¸é, ´Ù½ÃÇѹø 2ÀåÀ» Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
°Å±â¿£ DNSÀÇ ±âº»¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
named´Â º¸Åë ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ±¸µ¿µÇ¸ç ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¼Ë´Ù¿îµÉ ¶§ ±îÁö µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº /etc/named.boot¶ó´Â ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ°ú, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °Í°°Àº
µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. ÈÄÀÚ´Â zone fileÀ̶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Æ÷¸Ë°ú Àǹ̿¡°üÇؼ± ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Àý¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
named¸¦ µ¹¸®·Á¸é, ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó.
# /usr/sbin/named
±×·¯¸é named°¡ ¶ß¸ç, named.boot ÆÄÀÏ°ú zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ »çÇ×À»
ÀÐÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº /var/run/named.pid¿¡ ASCII·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º id¸¦ Àû°í,
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ÁÖ ¼¹ö¿¡¼ zone ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇϸç, Æ÷Æ® 53¿¡¼ DNS Äõ¸®¸¦
listeningÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
6.2.1 The named.boot Files
named.boot ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛ°í, zone Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ°ú, ´Ù¸¥
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ÀÇ Æ÷ÀÎÅ͸¸À» °¡Áø´Ù. boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¹®Àº ¼¼¹ÌÄݷп¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ
´º¶óÀαîÁöÀÌ´Ù. named.boot ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á» ´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·ç±â Àü¿¡, ±×¸² 6.1¿¡¼
vlagerÀÇ »ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸µµ·ÏÇÏÀÚ.
;
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primary vbrew.com named.hosts
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa named.local
primary 72.191.in-addr.arpa named.rev
±×¸² 6.1: vlagerÀÇ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ
ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼ cache¿Í primary Ä¿¸Çµå´Â named·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀоîµéÀδÙ.
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ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼ named´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼ primary ¼±¾ð¹®À¸·Î Áö½ÃµÈ °Íó·³
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directory |
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primary |
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named´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ zone Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀоîµéÀδÙ. |
secondary |
ÀÌ ¼±¾ð¹®Àº ÀÎÀÚ·Î domain name, address list, file name¸¦
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2Â÷ ¼¹ö ¿ª½Ã, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÇÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¾ò¾î³»´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ÁÖ ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ
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named´Â Á¤±âÀûÀÎ ÁÖ±â·Î zone µ¥ÀÌÅÍ °»½ÅÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
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cache |
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ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿£, root ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÎ root server hints°¡
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ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î root µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÎ "."ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â named¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, cache±¸¹®ÀÌ
boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µé¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì, named´Â ·ÎÄà ij½¬¸¦ ÀüÇô È®Àå½Ãų ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
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Æ÷¿öµù ¼¹ö(¾Æ·¡ÀÇ forwaredrs ¿É¼ÇÀ» Âü°íÇ϶ó)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ÀÌ´Ù. |
forwarders |
ÀÌ´Â address list¸¦ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¸®½ºÆ® ³»ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â
named°¡ ·ÎÄà ij½¬¿¡¼ Äõ¸®¸¦ resolveÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§ Äõ¸®ÇÒ ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù.
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slave |
ÀÌ ±¸¹®Àº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ slave ¼¹ö·Î ¸¸µç´Ù. Áï, ±× ¼¹ö ÀÚü´Â
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ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¼¹ö·Î Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷¿öµå ½ÃÅ°±â¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. |
¿©±â¿¡ ÀûÁö¾ÊÀº µÎ°³ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ´õ Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº sortlist¿Í domainÀÌ´Ù.
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6.2.2 The DNS Database Files
named¿¡ includeµÇ´Â named.hosts¿Í °°Àº ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó originÀ̶ó
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"@"À̶ó ÁöĪµÈ´Ù.
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ÀÏ·Ê·Î, Virtual BreweryÀÇ named.hosts ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ±×¸² 6.3À» º¸¶ó.
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domain |
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ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é RRÀº Áö³¹ø RRÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. |
ttl |
ÀÏÁ¤ ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ resolver°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÆıâÇϵµ·Ï °Á¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ, °¢ RRÀº
"time to live", ª°Ô´Â ttl¶ó´Â °Í¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ttl Çʵå´Â
Á¤º¸°¡ ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø ÀÌÈķκÎÅÍ À¯È¿ÇÑ ±â°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÃÖ´ë
10Áø¼ö 8ÀÚ¸®±îÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
class |
ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÇ IN, ¶Ç´Â Hesiod Ŭ·¡½º ³»ÀÇ °´Ã¼¸¦ À§ÇÑ HS¿Í °°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò
Ŭ·¡½ºÀÌ´Ù. TCP/IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ·À» À§Çؼ±, À̸¦ INÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áà¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
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type |
ÀÌ´Â RRÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå º¸ÆíÀûÀΠŸÀÔÀº A,SOA,PTR,NSÀÌ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àý¿¡¼ ´Ù¾çÇÑ RR ŸÀÔ¿¡ °üÇØ ´Ù·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
rdata |
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Á¿ìµÈ´Ù. °¢ RR¿¡ ´ëÇؼ± ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. |
´ÙÀ½Àº DNS ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â RRÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿©±â¼ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Íµµ Àִµ¥,
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SOA |
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SOA RR ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ±× µµ¸ÞÀε¥ ÇØÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÁ¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.
primary ¼±¾ð¹®À¸·Î includeµÈ ¸ðµç ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
SOA ·¹Äڵ带 Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®¼Ò½º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Çʵ带 Áö´Ñ´Ù. |
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origin |
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contact |
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janet.vbrew.comÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
serial |
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½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö´Â zone Á¤º¸°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, 2Â÷ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
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SOA ·¹Äڵ带 ¿äûÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö¿Í ij½¬µÈ SOA·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ±×°ÍÀ» ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù.
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refresh |
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ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ÃÖ´ë 10Áø¼ö 8ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾µ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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expire |
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ ¼¹ö¿¡ Á¢ÃËÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ¶§ ¼¹ö°¡ ¸ðµç zone µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÆıâÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À»
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Craig Hunt ([Hunt92])´Â 42ÀÏÀÇ °ªÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù. |
minimum |
ÀÌ´Â ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ ttlÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÇ ±âº» ttl °ªÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â 2Â÷¼¹ö°¡ zone Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ ÈÄÀÇ ½Ã°£¿¡ °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê°í,
ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼¹öµéµµ ±× RRÀ» ÆıâÇÏ±æ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
minimumÀº Å« °ªÀ̾î¾ßÇϸç, ƯÈ÷ ³×Æ®¿÷ ÅäÆú·ÎÁö°¡ °ÅÀÇ
º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â LANÀÇ °æ¿ì ´õ ±×·¸´Ù. ÇÑ ÁÖ³ª ÇÑ ´ÞÀÇ °ªÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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A |
ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. ¸®¼Ò½º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Çʵ忣
dotted quad notationÀ¸·Î ÀûÈù ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. |
NS |
ÀÌ´Â Á¾¼Ó zoneÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ¿Ö NS ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áø °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϴ°¡¿¡´ëÇÑ
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A ·¹Äڵ嵵 ÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, ÈçÈ÷ glue record¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ
IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁØ´Ù. |
CNAME |
ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¾Ù¸®¾î½º(alias)¸¦ ±×°ÍÀÇ canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡
¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀº ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â A ·¹ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù.
¾Ù¸®¾î½º´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±× À̸§¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©½Ãų »ÓÀ̸ç, ±×¿Ü¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带
°¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. |
PTR |
in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀγ»ÀÇ ³×ÀÓÀ» È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ°ú ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥
¾²ÀÌ´Â ·¹ÄÚµå ŸÀÔÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ¸·Î ¿ª¸ÅÇÎÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
MX |
ÀÌ RRÀº ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ mail exchanger¸¦ ¾Ë¸°´Ù.
mail exchanger¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â 3Àå³»ÀÇ Mail Routing on the Internet ¼½¼Ç¿¡¼
³íÀÇÇÑ´Ù. MX ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀº,
[domain] [ttl] [class] MX preference host
host´Â domainÀÇ mail exchanger¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
¸ðµç mail exchanger´Â ±×°Í°ú ¿¬°üµÈ integer preference¸¦
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. domainÀ¸·Î ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹è´ÞÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â MTA(Mail
Transport Agent)´Â ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áø ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿¡, ¼º°øÇÒ ¶§±îÁö
½ÃµµÇϴµ¥, °¡Àå ³·Àº preference °ªÀ» °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ¸ÕÀú ½ÃµµÇϸç, ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº
preference °ªÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù. |
MX |
ÀÌ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
¹®¹ýÀº
[domain] [ttl] [class] HINFO hardware software
hostname Çʵå´Â ÀÌ È£½ºÆ®°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î Á¤º¸¸¦
ÆǺ°ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Ư¼öÇÑ ÆíÀÇ°¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Âµ¥, À¯È¿ÇÑ À̸§ÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®´Â
"Assigned Numbers" (RFC 1340)¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ¸¸¾à Çʵ尡 °ø¹éÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
±×°ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã µû¿ÈÇ¥·Î ½Î¿©ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. software Çʵå´Â
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿î¿µ üÁ¦¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ "Assigned Numbers" RFC¿¡¼
ÀûÀýÇÑ À̸§À» °ñ¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. |
6.2.3 Writing the Master Files
±×¸² 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5´Â vlager¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ brewery ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ
»ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³íÀÇµÈ ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÇ (´ÜÀÏ LAN) Ư¼º´ö¿¡, ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´Â ²Ï
Á÷¼±ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¿äÇϰųª named°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö
Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é, Cricket Liu¿Í Paul AlbitzÀÇ "DNS and BIND"([AlbitzLiu92])¸¦
±¸ÇØ º¸±â¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
±×¸² 6.2ÀÇ named.ca ij½¬ÆÄÀÏÀº root ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ »ùÇà hint ·¹Äڵ带
º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. º¸ÆíÀûÀΠij½¬ÆÄÀÏÀº 10¿©°³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °Å·ÐÇϴµ¥, root µµ¸ÞÀο¡´ëÇÑ
ÇöÀç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀº, ÀÌ ÀåÀÇ ¸»¹Ì¿¡¼ ³íÇÒ nslookup ÅøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
; /var/named/named.ca Cache file for the brewery
; We're not on the Internet, so we don't need
; any root servers. To activate these
; records, remove the semicolons.
;
; . 99999999 IN NS NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
; NS.NIC.DDN.MIL 99999999 IN A 26.3.0.103
; . 99999999 IN NS NS.NASA.GOV
; NS.NASA.GOV 99999999 IN A 128.102.16.10
±×¸² 6.2: named.ca ÆÄÀÏ
;
; /var/named/named.hosts Local hosts at the brewery
; Origin is vbrew.com
;
@ IN SOA vlager.vbrew.com. (
janet.vbrew.com.
16 ; serial
86400 ; refresh: once per day
3600 ; retry: one hour
3600000 ; expire: 42 days
604800 ; minimum: 1 week
)
IN NS vlager.vbrew.com.
;
; local mail is distributed on vlager
IN MX 10 vlager
;
; loopback address
localhost. IN A 127.0.0.1
; brewery Ethernet
vlager IN A 191.72.1.1
vlager-if1 IN CNAME vlager
; vlager is also news server
news IN CNAME vlager
vstout IN A 191.72.1.2
vale IN A 191.72.1.3
; winery Ethernet
vlager-if2 IN A 191.72.2.1
vbardolino IN A 191.72.2.2
vchianti IN A 191.72.2.3
vbeaujolais IN A 191.72.2.4
±×¸² 6.3: named.host ÆÄÀÏ
;
; /var/named/named.local Reverse mapping of 127.0.0
; Origin is 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.
;
@ IN SOA vlager.vbrew.com. (
joe.vbrew.com.
1 ; serial
360000 ; refresh: 100 hrs
3600 ; retry: one hour
3600000 ; expire: 42 days
360000 ; minimum: 100 hrs
)
IN NS vlager.vbrew.com.
1 IN PTR localhost.
±×¸² 6.4 : named.local ÆÄÀÏ
;
; /var/named/named.rev Reverse mapping of our IP addresses
; Origin is 72.191.in-addr.arpa.
;
@ IN SOA vlager.vbrew.com. (
joe.vbrew.com.
16 ; serial
86400 ; refresh: once per day
3600 ; retry: one hour
3600000 ; expire: 42 days
604800 ; minimum: 1 week
)
IN NS vlager.vbrew.com.
; brewery
1.1 IN PTR vlager.vbrew.com.
2.1 IN PTR vstout.vbrew.com.
3.1 IN PTR vale.vbrew.com.
; winery
1.2 IN PTR vlager-if1.vbrew.com.
2.2 IN PTR vbardolino.vbrew.com.
3.2 IN PTR vchianti.vbrew.com.
4.2 IN PTR vbeaujolais.vbrew.com.
±×¸² 6.5 : named.rev ÆÄÀÏ
6.2.4 Verifying the Name Server Setup
´ç½ÅÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼Â¾÷ÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁÁÀº ÅøÀÌ Àִµ¥,
±×°ÍÀ» °¡¸®ÄÑ nslookupÀ̶óÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÎÅÍ·¢Æ¼ºêÇÏ°Ô, ¶Ç´Â Ä¿¸Çµå¶óÀο¡¼
»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ ´Ü¼øÈ÷
nslookup hostname
À̶óÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀº resolv.conf¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡
hostname¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³½´Ù(¸¸¾à, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ
¼¹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é nslookupÀº ·£´ýÀ¸·Î Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù).
±×·¯³ª ÀÎÅÍ·¢Æ¼ºê ¸ðµå´Â À̺¸´Ù ´õ Èï¹Ì ÁøÁøÇÏ´Ù. È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡,
¾î¶°ÇÑ DNS ·¹ÄÚµå ŸÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼µµ ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ
zone Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÎÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¸é, nslookupÀº »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í
ÀÎÅÍÆÑƼºê ¸ðµå·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. '>'ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼, ÁúÀÇÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ»
ÃijÖÀ¸¸é, ±×°ÍÀº µðÆúÆ®·Î µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ¿¡ ¿¬°üµÈ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â
Ŭ·¡½º A ·¹Äڵ带 ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
"set type=type"À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¹Ù²Ü¼öµµ Àִµ¥,
typeÀº ¼½¼Ç 6.2¿¡¼ °Å·ÐÇÑ ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµå ³×ÀÓÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̰ųª,
ANYÀÌ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ´ÙÀ̾ó·Î±×¸¦ Á¢ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù:
$ nslookup
Default Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
> sunsite.unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: sunsite.unc.edu
Address: 152.2.22.81
¸¸¾à IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸, DNS µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â ³×ÀÓÀ»
Äõ¸®ÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, nslookupÀº "No type A records found"¶ó´Â ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦
¸®ÅÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, "set type" Ä¿¸Çµå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÌ A ŸÀÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥
·¹Äڵ带 Äõ¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î, unc.eduÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ带 ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ±
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇϸéµÈ´Ù.
> unc.edu
*** No address (A) records available for unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
> set type=SOA
> unc.edu
Name Server: rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.56.60
Non-authoritative answer:
unc.edu
origin = ns.unc.edu
mail addr = shava.ns.unc.edu
serial = 930408
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 3600 (1 hour)
expire = 1209600 (14 days)
minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
Authoritative answers can be found from:
UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU
SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30
ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô MX ·¹ÄÚµå µî¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ANY ŸÀÔÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¿¡
°ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹Äڵ带 µ¹·ÁÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
> set type=MX
> unc.edu
Non-authoritative answer:
unc.edu preference = 10, mail exchanger = lambada.oit.unc.edu
lambada.oit.unc.edu internet address = 152.2.22.80
Authoritative answers can be found from:
UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU
SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU internet address = 128.109.157.30
µð¹ö±ë¿Ü¿¡µµ, named.ca ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÇöÀçÀÇ root ¼¹öÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¾òÀ»¶§
nslookupÀ» ¾µ¸ðÀÖ°Ô ÀÀ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº ´ÜÁö root µµ¸ÞÀο¡
¿¬°üµÈ ¸ðµç ŸÀÔÀÇ NS ·¹Äڵ带 ÁúÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
> set type=NS
> .
Name Server: fb0430.mathematik.th-darmstadt.de
Address: 130.83.2.30
Non-authoritative answer:
(root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
(root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
(root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
(root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU
(root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
(root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
(root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
Authoritative answers can be found from:
(root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
(root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
(root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
(root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU
(root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
(root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
(root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
NS.INTERNIC.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 128.63.4.82
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 192.5.25.82
AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL internet address = 26.3.0.29
C.NYSER.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12
TERP.UMD.EDU internet address = 128.8.10.90
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 128.102.16.10
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 192.52.195.10
NS.NASA.GOV internet address = 45.13.10.121
NIC.NORDU.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17
NS.NIC.DDN.MIL internet address = 192.112.36.4
nslookupÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Ä¿¸Çµå ¼¼Æ®´Â, nslookup³»¿¡¼ helpÄ¿¸Çµå¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
6.2.5 Other Useful Tools
BIND °ü¸®ÀÚ¿Í °°Àº, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÙ ¸î°³ÀÇ ÅøÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥, ¿©±â¼± °£·«È÷ µÎ°¡Áö¸¸
¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅøÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ±×°Í¿¡ µþ·Á¿À´Â ¹®¼¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
hostcvt´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» namedÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿©
´ç½ÅÀÇ BIND¼³Á¤À» ÃʱâÈÇØÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ´ç½ÅÀ» µ½´Â ÅøÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº forward (A)¿Í reverse mapping (PTR) ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦
¸ðµÎ ¸¸µé¾î³»°í, ¾Ù¸®¾î½º °°Àº °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ½ñ´Â´Ù. ¹°·Ð ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷, À̸¦Å׸é
SOA ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Å¸ÀӾƿô °ªÀ» Á¶ÀýÇϰųª, MX ·¹Äڵ带 Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇØÁÙ ¼ø ¾ø°í,
´ç½Å Á÷Á¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº °ñÄ¡¾ÆÇ ÀÏÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. hostcvt´Â
BIND ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î ¸®´ª½º FTP ¼¹ö¿¡¼ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ÆÐÅ°Áö·Î¼µµ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ç½ÅÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ¼Â¾÷ÇÑ ÈÄ¿£, ¼³Á¤»çÇ×À» Å×½ºÆ® Çغ¸°í ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦À§ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ(±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â) ÅøÀº
¿ÀÁ÷ dnswalk »ÓÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ã¾Æ³»°í, Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÏ°üµÈ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇØ
DNS µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â perl±â¹Ý ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù. dnswalk´Â ÃÖ±Ù
comp.source.misc¿¡¼ ¸±¸®Áî µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ±×·ìÀ» º¸°üÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç FTP »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼
±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù(´ç½Å ±Ùó¿¡ ±×·± »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ftp.uu.net¿¡¼ ãÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù).
|