Chapter 6:
Name Service and Resolver Configuration


D.M.Z CONTENT PRE NEXT

6.1 The Resolver Library
6.2 Running named

2Àå¿¡¼­ ³íÇÑ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, TCP/IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ·Àº ³×ÀÓÀ» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. zoneÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶ name space ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÀÕÁ¡ÀÌ ¾ø±äÇÏÁö¸¸, °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ È£½ºÆ® Å×À̺íÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ü ÇѸíÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í, ¿ÜºÎ¼¼°è·Î IP trafficÀ» ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼Ò±Ô¸ð LAN¿¡¼­³ª À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. hostsÆÄÀÏÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº ÀÌ¹Ì 5Àå¿¡¼­ ±â¼úÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.

´ë½Å¿¡, BIND (Berkely Internet Name Domain Server)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Ù. BIND¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¤¸»·Î Çãµå·¿ÀÏÀϼö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, Çѹø ÇØ ³õÀ¸¸é ³×Æ®¿÷ ÅäÆú·ÎÁöÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ½±°è º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º »ó¿¡¼­ ³×ÀÓ ¼­ºñ½º´Â ´Ù¸¥ UN*X ½Ã½ºÅÛó·³ named¶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÅëÇØ Á¦°øµÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ij½¬¿¡ ÀоîµéÀÌ°í ¸®¸ðÆ® ¶Ç´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Äõ¸®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸°´Ù. BIND¸¦ ¼Â¾÷Çϴµ§ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í, ±×µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¸ðµçÈ£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ µ¹¸± ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.

ÀÌ Àå¿¡¼± ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³·«ÀûÀÎ ¼³¸í¸¸À» ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÈ, ÀÛÁö¸¸Àº ¾ÊÀº LAN ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ BIND¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °èȹÀ̶ó¸é, Cricket LiuÀÇ "DNS and BIND"([AlbitzLiu92]¸¦ º¸¶ó)°°Àº BIND¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÁÀº ¼­ÀûÀ» ±¸Çغ¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ½ÅÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é, BIND ¼Ò½º¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¸±¸®Áî ³ëÆ®¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏÀÚ. DNS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´º½º±×·ìÀº comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domainsÀÌ´Ù.


6.1 The Resolver Library

"resolver"´Â Ư¼öÇÑ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ƴ϶ó, ´ë½Å Ç¥ÁØ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÔ¼ö ¸ðÀ½ÀÎ resolver library¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÇÙ½É ·çƾÀº gethostbyname(2)¿Í gethostbyaddr(2)·Î, À̵éÀº ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ¸ðµç IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇϰųª, ±× ¹Ý´ëÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº hosts³»ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ã°Å³ª, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öµé¿¡ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³»°Å³ª, ȤÀº NIS (Network Information Service)ÀÇ hosts µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

smail°ú °°Àº, ±×¿ÜÀÇ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀº À̵éÁß ¾î´À°Í°úµµ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ưº°ÇÑ ÁÖÀÇÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù.

6.1.1 The host.conf File

´ç½ÅÀÇ resolver ¼³Á¤À» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½ÉÆÄÀÏÀº host.confÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº /etc³»¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, resolver¿¡ ¾î¶² ¼­ºñ½º°¡ ¾î¶² ¼ø¼­·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

host.conf³»ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ ¶óÀο¡ µû·Î ½áÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çʵå´Â °ø¹é(space ¶Ç´Â tab)À¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö¸ç, Çؽ¬ºÎÈ£ (#)´Â, ´º¶óÀαîÁö´Â ÁÖ¼®¹®ÀÓÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

order ÀÌ°ÍÀº resolving ¼­ºñ½º°¡ ½ÃµµµÇ´Â ¼ø¼­¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³»µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀº bindÀ̸ç, hosts´Â /etc/hosts¿¡¼­ °Ë»öÀ», ±×¸®°í NIS °Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ°ÍÀº nisÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Áß ¾î´À ÇÑÂÊÀ̳ª ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÁöÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶óÀλóÀÇ ¼ø¼­¿¡ µû¶ó °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
multi ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î onÀ̳ª off¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /etc/hosts³»ÀÇ ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®°¡, ÈçÈ÷ "multi-homed"¶ó ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â, ¸î°³ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ç÷¡±×´Â DNS³ª NIS Äõ¸®¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿µÇâµµ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
nospoof Áö³­ Àå¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´µí, DNS´Â in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â, À߸øµÈ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» °ø±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Ãµµ¸¦ "spoofing"À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ¸·±â À§Çؼ­, resolver´Â ¾ò¾îÁø È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ¿¡ ÁøÂ¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿¬°üµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ °Ë»çÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿¬°üµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ³×ÀÓÀº °ÅºÎµÇ°í ¿¡·¯°¡ ¸®ÅϵȴÙ. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¿ëÀº nospoof onÀ¸·Î ¼¼ÆÃÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ È¿·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÑ´Ù.
alert ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÎÀÚ·Î on ¶Ç´Â off¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à on »óŶó¸é spoof¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Ãµµ (À§¸¦ º¸¶ó)°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ resolver°¡ syslog¿¡ ·Î±×¸¦ ³²±â°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
trim ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀÎÀÚ·Î °Ë»öÀü¿¡ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡¼­ Á¦°ÅµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ´Â hosts ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡¼­, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀÌ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ·ÎÄõµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÚ¿¡ ºÙ¾îÀִ ȣ½ºÆ®¸¦ °Ë»öÇÒ ¶§ À̸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿©, /etc/hosts³»ÀÇ °Ë»öÀÌ ¼º°øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

trim ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¸é, ´ç½ÅÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¸î¸î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·ÎÄÃó·³ °£ÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

¾Æ·¡´Â vlagerÀÇ »ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

     # /etc/host.conf
     # We have named running, but no NIS (yet)
     order   bind hosts
     # Allow multiple addrs
     multi on
     # Guard against spoof attempts
     nospoof on
     # Tirm local domain (not really necessary).
     trim   vbrew.com.
6.1.2 Resolver Environment Variable

¸î¸î ȯ°áº¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© host.confÀÇ ¼¼ÆÃÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵å ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ È¯°æº¯¼öµéÀº,

trim µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, host.confÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵åÇÑ´Ù.
RESOLV_HOST_CONF
ÀÌ´Â /etc/host.conf´ë½Å¿¡ ÀоîµéÀÏ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
RESOLV_SERV_ORDER
host.confÀÇ order ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵åÇÑ´Ù. ¼­ºñ½º´Â host, bind, ±×¸®°í nis°¡ °ø¹éÀ̳ª ÄÞ¸¶, ¶Ç´Â ¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·ÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾î ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù.
RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK
spoofing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëó¼öÁØÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. off·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«·ÂÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. warn°ú warn off°ªÀº °¢±â loggingÀ» ÇÏ°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íÀ̳ª, spoof üũ´Â ¾çÂÊ ¸ðµÎ ÇÑ´Ù. * °ªÀº host.conf¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ loggingµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
RESOLV_MULTI host.confÀÇ multi ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿À¹ö¶óÀ̵å ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, on ¶Ç´Â offÀÇ °ªÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
RESOLV_OVERRIDE_TRIM_DOMAINS
RESOLV_ADD_TRIM_DOMAINS
trim µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, ÀÌ´Â host.confÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ Ãß°¡µÈ´Ù.

6.1.3 Configuring Name Server Lookups - resolv.conf

È£½ºÆ® °Ë»ö¿¡ BIND ³×ÀÓ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï resolver ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ¾î¶² ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ resolv.confÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ºñ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, resolver´Â ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.

¸¸¾à, ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ µ¹¸°´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ Àý¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡ µû¶ó º°µµ·Î ¼Â¾÷ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿÷»ó¿¡¼­ ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, resolv.conf¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤ÇØ Áà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

resolv.conf¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº nameserverÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é, nameserver ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿©·¯¹ø ÁÖ¸éµÇ°í, ±× ¼ø¼­¿¡µû¶ó ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î °¡Àå ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÖ´Â ¼­¹ö¸¦ óÀ½¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç 3°³±îÁöÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.

¸¸¾à nameserver ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, resolver´Â ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¿¬°áÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ µÎ ¿É¼Ç, domain°ú search´Â, BIND°¡ ù¹ø° Äõ¸®·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» resolveÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ¶§ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡ ºÙ´Â µðÆúÆ® µµ¸ÞÀΰú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. search¿É¼ÇÀº ½ÃµµÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸç, ±× ¸ñ·ÏÀº °ø¹é¶Ç´Â ÅÇÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.

¸¸¾à search ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ ÀÚü¿Í root±îÁöÀÇ ¸ðµç »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î default search list¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀº domain ±¸¹®À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¾îÁö°í, ¸¸¾à ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é resolver´Â getdomainname(2) ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÄÝÀ» ÅëÇØ À̸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.

¸¸¾à È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù¸é, Virtual BreweryÀÇ »ùÇà resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ.

     # /etc/resolv.conf
     # Our domain
     domain            vbrew.com
     #
     # We use vlager as central nameserver:
     nameserver      191.72.1.1
³×ÀÓ valeÀ» resolveÇÒ¶§, resolver´Â valeÀ» °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇϸé vale.vbrew.com, ±×¸®°í vale.comÀ» °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.

6.1.4 Resolver Robustness

¸¸¾à Á» ´õ Å« ±Ô¸ð³»¿¡¼­ LANÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é Áß¾Ó³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Áö´Ï´Â ÀåÁ¡Àº ¸ðµç Äõ¸®°¡ ±×°Í¿¡ Æ÷¿öµå µÊÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Ç³ºÎÇÑ Ä³½¬¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Ã¼°è¿¡´Â ÇÑ°¡Áö °áÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¿ì¸® ´ëÇп¡¼­ È­Àç·Î backbone ÄÉÀ̺íÀÌ Åº ÀûÀÌ Àִµ¥, resolver°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡µµ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÖÇØ ÇаúÀÇ LAN¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ X Å͹̳Π»óÀÇ ·Î±×ÀÎÀ̳ª ÇÁ¸°Æðú °°Àº ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù.

¹°·Ð È­Àç·Î campus backboneÀÌ ³ª°¡¹ö¸®´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹æÃ¥À» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº, ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» resolveÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Äõ¸®´Â Áß¾Ó¼­¹ö¿¡ Æ÷¿öµå ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÚü µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº, /etc/hosts³»¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¶Ç´Â LANÀÇ ¹é¾÷ È£½ºÆ® Å×À̺íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, /etc/host.conf¿¡ "order bind hosts"¸¦ ³Ö¾îµÎ¾î Áß¾Ó ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, resolver°¡ hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» ãµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


6.2 Running named

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ UN*X ¸Þ½Å¿¡¼­ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº named (³×ÀÓ-µð¶ó°í ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.)¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ø·¡ BSD¿¡¼­ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿Í, °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÈ ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¼³Ä¡¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹öÀüÀº BIND-4.8.3 Á¤µµÀ̸ç, »õ ¹öÀü BIND-4.9.3Àº º£Å¸ Å×½ºÆ®µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °ð ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ È°¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ ÀýÀº Domain Name SystemÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ ¿äÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼­ ³íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ±×¸®½º¾î¸¦ º¸´Âµí ÇÏ´Ù¸é, ´Ù½ÃÇѹø 2ÀåÀ» Àо±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. °Å±â¿£ DNSÀÇ ±âº»¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

named´Â º¸Åë ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ±¸µ¿µÇ¸ç ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¼Ë´Ù¿îµÉ ¶§ ±îÁö µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº /etc/named.boot¶ó´Â ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ°ú, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °Í°°Àº µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. ÈÄÀÚ´Â zone fileÀ̶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Æ÷¸Ë°ú Àǹ̿¡°üÇؼ± ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Àý¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

named¸¦ µ¹¸®·Á¸é, ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼­ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½À» ÀÔ·ÂÇ϶ó.

     # /usr/sbin/named
±×·¯¸é named°¡ ¶ß¸ç, named.boot ÆÄÀÏ°ú zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ »çÇ×À» ÀÐÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº /var/run/named.pid¿¡ ASCII·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º id¸¦ Àû°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ÁÖ ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ zone ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇϸç, Æ÷Æ® 53¿¡¼­ DNS Äõ¸®¸¦ listeningÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

6.2.1 The named.boot Files

named.boot ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛ°í, zone Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ°ú, ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ÀÇ Æ÷ÀÎÅ͸¸À» °¡Áø´Ù. boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®¹®Àº ¼¼¹ÌÄݷп¡¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ­ ´º¶óÀαîÁöÀÌ´Ù. named.boot ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á» ´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·ç±â Àü¿¡, ±×¸² 6.1¿¡¼­ vlagerÀÇ »ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸µµ·ÏÇÏÀÚ.

     ;
     ; /etc/named.boot file for vlager.vbrew.com
     ;
     directory       /var/named
     ;
     ;            domain                  file
     ;----------------------------------------------
     cache        .                       named.ca
     primary      vbrew.com               named.hosts
     primary      0.0.127.in-addr.arpa    named.local
     primary      72.191.in-addr.arpa     named.rev
±×¸² 6.1: vlagerÀÇ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ

ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼­ cache¿Í primary Ä¿¸Çµå´Â named·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀоîµéÀδÙ. ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â µÎ¹ø° ÀÎÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁö¸ç, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ »ìÆ캼 DNS ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµå(RR)¹®ÀڷΠǥ±âµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼­ named´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³¡¿¡¼­ primary ¼±¾ð¹®À¸·Î Áö½ÃµÈ °Íó·³ ¼¼°³ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀο¡´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÎ ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, À̵é Áß Ã¹¹ø° ¶óÀÎÀº named.hosts ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ zone µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ò¾î, vbrew.comÀÇ ÁÖ ¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀ» Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. directory Å°¿öµå´Â ¸ðµç zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ /var/named ³»¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë¸°´Ù.

cache ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¸Å¿ì Ưº°ÇÏ°í, »ç½Ç»ó ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ µ¹¸®´Â ¸ðµç ¸Ó½Å¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº µÎ °¡Áö·Î, named°¡ ij½¬¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô²û Áö½ÃÇϸç, ÁöÁ¤µÈ ij½¬ÆÄÀÏ(ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼­´Â named.ca)¿¡¼­ root name server hints¸¦ ÀоîµéÀ̵µ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö ÈùÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇؼ± ³ªÁß¿¡ ¶Ç´Ù½Ã »ìÆ캼 °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº named.boot¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ´Ù.

directory zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄÀϸíÀº ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡´ëÇØ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ °æ·Î·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. directory¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿©·¯ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¸®´ª½º ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ µû¸¥ µð·ºÅ丮´Â /var/namedÀÌ´Ù.
primary ÀÌ°ÍÀº domain name°ú file nameÀ» ÀÎÀÚ·Î ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç,ÀÌ´Â ·ÎÄà ¼­¹ö°¡, ¸í½ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ±ÇÇÑÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖ ¼­¹ö·Î¼­ named´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ zone Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀоîµéÀδÙ.
secondary ÀÌ ¼±¾ð¹®Àº ÀÎÀÚ·Î domain name, address list, file name¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ·ÎÄü­¹ö°¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ 2Â÷ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¼­¹öÀÓÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù.

2Â÷ ¼­¹ö ¿ª½Ã, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÇÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾î³»´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ÁÖ ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î named¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò ¸®½ºÆ®¿£ ÁÖ ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Àû¾îµµ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀº ÀÖ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ·ÎÄà ¼­¹ö´Â zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¼Û¹Þµé¶§±îÁö ±×µé °¢°¢¿¡ Â÷·Ê·Î Á¢ÃËÇÏ¿© ¼¼¹ø° ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÁØ ¹é¾÷ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁÖ ¼­¹öµµ ÀÀ´äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶©, ¹é¾÷ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ zone µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.

named´Â Á¤±âÀûÀÎ ÁÖ±â·Î zone µ¥ÀÌÅÍ °»½ÅÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Â÷ÈÄ¿¡ SOA ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµå ŸÀÔ°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

cache ÀÌ´Â domain°ú file nameÀ» ÀÎÀÚ·Î ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿£, root ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÎ root server hints°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö NS¿Í A ·¹Äڵ常À» ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. domainÀÎÀÚ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î root µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÎ "."ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â named¿¡ À־ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, cache±¸¹®ÀÌ boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µé¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì, named´Â ·ÎÄà ij½¬¸¦ ÀüÇô È®Àå½Ãų ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´ÙÀ½¹ø¿¡ Äõ¸®µÈ ¼­¹ö°¡ ·ÎÄà ³Ý¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì, ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¸¦ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°í ³×Æ®¿÷ ·Îµå¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ named´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ root ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¿¡µµ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» »Ó´õ·¯, ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÎÁõÇÏ´Â °Í ¿ÜÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÁÖ¼Òµµ resolveÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ°¡Áö ¿¹¿Ü´Â Æ÷¿öµù ¼­¹ö(¾Æ·¡ÀÇ forwaredrs ¿É¼ÇÀ» Âü°íÇ϶ó)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ÀÌ´Ù.

forwarders ÀÌ´Â address list¸¦ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ¸®½ºÆ® ³»ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â named°¡ ·ÎÄà ij½¬¿¡¼­ Äõ¸®¸¦ resolveÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§ Äõ¸®ÇÒ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Áß Çϳª°¡ Äõ¸®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÒ ¶§ ±îÁö Â÷·Ê·Î ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù.
slave ÀÌ ±¸¹®Àº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ slave ¼­¹ö·Î ¸¸µç´Ù. Áï, ±× ¼­¹ö ÀÚü´Â ¹Ýº¹ÁúÀÇ(recursive query)¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í forwarders ¼±¾ð¹®À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¼­¹ö·Î Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷¿öµå ½ÃÅ°±â¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

¿©±â¿¡ ÀûÁö¾ÊÀº µÎ°³ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ´õ Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº sortlist¿Í domainÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ ÁöÁ¤ÀÚ(directive)µµ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±×µéÀº °¢°¢ $INCLUDE¿Í $ORIGINÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À̵éÀÌ °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿©±â¿¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀûÁø ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

6.2.2 The DNS Database Files

named¿¡ includeµÇ´Â named.hosts¿Í °°Àº ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó originÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â °Í°ú ¿¬°üµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â cache¿Í primary Ä¿¸Çµå·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀϳ»¿¡¼± ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °ü·ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ°ú È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ Á¡À¸·Î ³¡³ª´Â À̸§Àº Àý´ëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °®Áֵǰí, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì´Â origin¿¡ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. originÀÚü´Â "@"À̶ó ÁöĪµÈ´Ù.

¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀϳ»ÀÇ ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµå(RR)·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº DNS¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò ´ÜÀ§¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹Äڵ忣 °¢°¢ÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀÌ Àִµ¥, ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î A ·¹ÄÚµå´Â È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇϸç, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ù¸®¾î½º¸¦ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ À̸§¿¡ ¿¬°ü½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î, Virtual BreweryÀÇ named.hosts ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ±×¸² 6.3À» º¸¶ó.

¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀº °øÅëÀ¸·Î ÀϹÝÀû Æ÷¸ËÀ» µû¸£´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº

     [domain] [tt1] [class] type rdata
°¢ Çʵå´Â ½ºÆäÀ̽º³ª ÅÇÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ù¹ø° ´º¶óÀΠij¸¯ÅÍ Àü¿¡ Áß°ýÈ£ ¿­±â ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Àû°í, ¸¶Áö¸· ÇÊµå ´ÙÀ½¿¡ Áß°ýÈ£ ´Ý±â ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¾´´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯¶óÀο¡ °ÉÃÄ ÇϳªÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ ÀûÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼¹ÌÄݷаú ´º¶óÀÎ »çÀÌÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ °Íµµ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.

domain ÀÌ´Â ¿£Æ®¸®°¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é RRÀº Áö³­¹ø RRÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.
ttl ÀÏÁ¤ ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ resolver°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÆıâÇϵµ·Ï °­Á¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ, °¢ RRÀº "time to live", ª°Ô´Â ttl¶ó´Â °Í¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ttl Çʵå´Â Á¤º¸°¡ ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁø ÀÌÈķκÎÅÍ À¯È¿ÇÑ ±â°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÃÖ´ë 10Áø¼ö 8ÀÚ¸®±îÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
class ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÇ IN, ¶Ç´Â Hesiod Ŭ·¡½º ³»ÀÇ °´Ã¼¸¦ À§ÇÑ HS¿Í °°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò Å¬·¡½ºÀÌ´Ù. TCP/IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ·À» À§Çؼ±, À̸¦ INÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áà¾ßÇÑ´Ù.

¸¸¾à class Çʵ尡 ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¸ÕÀú¹ø RRÀÇ Å¬·¡½º¶ó °¡Á¤µÈ´Ù.

type ÀÌ´Â RRÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå º¸ÆíÀûÀΠŸÀÔÀº A,SOA,PTR,NSÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àý¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ RR ŸÀÔ¿¡ °üÇØ ´Ù·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
rdata ÀÌ´Â RR°ú ¿¬°üµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇʵåÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº RRÀÇ Å¸ÀÔ¿¡ÀÇÇØ Á¿ìµÈ´Ù. °¢ RR¿¡ ´ëÇؼ± ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº DNS ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â RRÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿©±â¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Íµµ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀº ½ÃÇèÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ º¸ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.

SOA ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±ÇÇÑÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ±â¼úÇϸç(SOA´Â "Start of Authority"¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù), SOA RR ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ±× µµ¸ÞÀε¥ ÇØÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÁ¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. primary ¼±¾ð¹®À¸·Î includeµÈ ¸ðµç ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±× zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ SOA ·¹Äڵ带 Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®¼Ò½º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Çʵ带 Áö´Ñ´Ù.
origin ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀÌ´Ù.
contact ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±× µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϴ åÀÓÀÚÀÇ email ÁÖ¼Ò·Î, '@'ÀÚ´Â Á¡À¸·Î ´ë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Virtual BreweryÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ°¡ janetÀ̶ó¸é, ÀÌ Çʵå´Â janet.vbrew.comÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
serial ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÀÏ 10Áø¼ö·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¹öÀü ¹øÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ º¯°æµÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ´Â Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö´Â zone Á¤º¸°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, 2Â÷ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Á¤º¸¸¦ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ, 2Â÷ ¼­¹ö´Â ÀÏÁ¤ °£°ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÁÖ ¼­¹öÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ带 ¿äûÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö¿Í ij½¬µÈ SOA·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ±×°ÍÀ» ºñ±³ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¹øÈ£°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, 2Â÷ ¼­¹ö´Â ÁÖ ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ Àüü zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û¹Þ´Â´Ù.

refresh ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2Â÷ ¼­¹ö°¡ ÁÖ ¼­¹öÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ带 üũÇÏ´Â °£°ÝÀ» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ÃÖ´ë 10Áø¼ö 8ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾µ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ³×Æ®¿÷ ÅäÆú·ÎÁö¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ º¯°æµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡¼± ´ë·« ÇÏ·çÁ¤µµ·Î, ±×¸®°í ¼Ò±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­´Â ±×º¸´Ù ´õ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

retry ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ´Â 2Â÷ ¼­¹ö°¡ ÁÖ ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¿äûÇϰųª zoneÀ» °»½ÅÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇßÀ» ¶§ ´Ù½Ã ÁÖ ¼­¹ö¿¡·ÎÀÇ Á¢ÃËÀ» Àç½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °£°ÝÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³Ê¹« ³·°Ô ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çϴµ¥, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ Á¢ÃË ½ÇÆгª ³×Æ®¿÷ ¹®Á¦°¡ 2Â÷¼­¹öÀÇ ³×Æ®¿÷ ÀÚ¿ø ³¶ºñ¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Çѽ𣠶Ǵ ¹Ý½Ã°£ Á¤µµ°¡ ÁÁÀº ¼±ÅÃÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
expire ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á¢ÃËÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ¶§ ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸ðµç zone µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÆıâÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë, ÀÌ´Â ¸Å¿ì Å« ¼ö·Î Àâ¾Æ ÁÖ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥, Craig Hunt ([Hunt92])´Â 42ÀÏÀÇ °ªÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù.
minimum ÀÌ´Â ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ ttlÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÇ ±âº» ttl °ªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â 2Â÷¼­¹ö°¡ zone Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ ÈÄÀÇ ½Ã°£¿¡ °³ÀÇÄ¡ ¾Ê°í, ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öµéµµ ±× RRÀ» ÆıâÇÏ±æ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.

minimumÀº Å« °ªÀ̾î¾ßÇϸç, ƯÈ÷ ³×Æ®¿÷ ÅäÆú·ÎÁö°¡ °ÅÀÇ º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â LANÀÇ °æ¿ì ´õ ±×·¸´Ù. ÇÑ ÁÖ³ª ÇÑ ´ÞÀÇ °ªÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ÜÀÏ RR¸¸ÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ º¯°æµÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ±×°Í¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ttlÀÇ °ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.

A ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. ¸®¼Ò½º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Çʵ忣 dotted quad notationÀ¸·Î ÀûÈù ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù.
NS ÀÌ´Â Á¾¼Ó zoneÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ¿Ö NS ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áø °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϴ°¡¿¡´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é section 2.6À» º¸¶ó. È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» resolveÇϱâ À§Çؼ± Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ A ·¹Äڵ嵵 ÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, ÈçÈ÷ glue record¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁØ´Ù.
CNAME ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¾Ù¸®¾î½º(alias)¸¦ ±×°ÍÀÇ canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù. canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀº ¸¶½ºÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â A ·¹ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ù¸®¾î½º´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±× À̸§¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©½Ãų »ÓÀ̸ç, ±×¿Ü¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
PTR in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀγ»ÀÇ ³×ÀÓÀ» È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ°ú ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ·¹ÄÚµå ŸÀÔÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ¸·Î ¿ª¸ÅÇÎÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã canonical È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
MX ÀÌ RRÀº ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ mail exchanger¸¦ ¾Ë¸°´Ù. mail exchanger¸¦ °¡Áö´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â 3Àå³»ÀÇ Mail Routing on the Internet ¼½¼Ç¿¡¼­ ³íÀÇÇÑ´Ù. MX ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀº,
     [domain] [ttl] [class] MX preference host
host´Â domainÀÇ mail exchanger¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç mail exchanger´Â ±×°Í°ú ¿¬°üµÈ integer preference¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. domainÀ¸·Î ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹è´ÞÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â MTA(Mail Transport Agent)´Â ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °¡Áø ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿¡, ¼º°øÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ½ÃµµÇϴµ¥, °¡Àå ³·Àº preference °ªÀ» °¡Áø °ÍÀ» ¸ÕÀú ½ÃµµÇϸç, ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº preference °ªÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù.
MX ÀÌ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¹®¹ýÀº
     [domain] [ttl] [class] HINFO hardware software
hostname Çʵå´Â ÀÌ È£½ºÆ®°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î Á¤º¸¸¦ ÆǺ°ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Ư¼öÇÑ ÆíÀÇ°¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Âµ¥, À¯È¿ÇÑ À̸§ÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®´Â "Assigned Numbers" (RFC 1340)¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø´Ù. ¸¸¾à Çʵ尡 °ø¹éÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã µû¿ÈÇ¥·Î ½Î¿©ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. software Çʵå´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿î¿µ üÁ¦¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ "Assigned Numbers" RFC¿¡¼­ ÀûÀýÇÑ À̸§À» °ñ¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

6.2.3 Writing the Master Files

±×¸² 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5´Â vlager¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ brewery ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ »ùÇÃÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³íÀÇµÈ ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÇ (´ÜÀÏ LAN) Ư¼º´ö¿¡, ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦´Â ²Ï Á÷¼±ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¿äÇϰųª named°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é, Cricket Liu¿Í Paul AlbitzÀÇ "DNS and BIND"([AlbitzLiu92])¸¦ ±¸ÇØ º¸±â¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

±×¸² 6.2ÀÇ named.ca ij½¬ÆÄÀÏÀº root ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ »ùÇà hint ·¹Äڵ带 º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. º¸ÆíÀûÀΠij½¬ÆÄÀÏÀº 10¿©°³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °Å·ÐÇϴµ¥, root µµ¸ÞÀο¡´ëÇÑ ÇöÀç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀº, ÀÌ ÀåÀÇ ¸»¹Ì¿¡¼­ ³íÇÒ nslookup ÅøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

     ; /var/named/named.ca         Cache file for the brewery
     ;                  We're not on the Internet, so we don't need
     ;                  any root servers. To activate these
     ;                  records, remove the semicolons.
     ;
     ; .                   99999999   IN   NS   NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
     ; NS.NIC.DDN.MIL      99999999   IN   A    26.3.0.103
     ; .                   99999999   IN   NS   NS.NASA.GOV
     ; NS.NASA.GOV         99999999   IN   A    128.102.16.10
±×¸² 6.2: named.ca ÆÄÀÏ

     ;
     ; /var/named/named.hosts       Local hosts at the brewery
     ;                               Origin is vbrew.com
     ;
     @                   IN  SOA   vlager.vbrew.com. (
                                   janet.vbrew.com.
                                   16         ; serial
                                   86400      ; refresh: once per day
                                   3600       ; retry:   one hour
                                   3600000    ; expire:  42 days
                                   604800     ; minimum: 1 week
                                   )
                         IN  NS    vlager.vbrew.com.
     ;
     ; local mail is distributed on vlager
                         IN  MX    10 vlager
     ;
     ; loopback address
     localhost.          IN  A     127.0.0.1
     ; brewery Ethernet
     vlager              IN  A     191.72.1.1
     vlager-if1          IN  CNAME vlager
     ; vlager is also news server
     news                IN  CNAME vlager
     vstout              IN  A     191.72.1.2
     vale                IN  A     191.72.1.3
     ; winery Ethernet
     vlager-if2          IN  A     191.72.2.1
     vbardolino          IN  A     191.72.2.2
     vchianti            IN  A     191.72.2.3
     vbeaujolais         IN  A     191.72.2.4
±×¸² 6.3: named.host ÆÄÀÏ

     ;
     ; /var/named/named.local       Reverse mapping of 127.0.0
     ;                               Origin is 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.
     ;
     @                   IN  SOA   vlager.vbrew.com. (
                                   joe.vbrew.com.
                                   1          ; serial
                                   360000     ; refresh: 100 hrs
                                   3600       ; retry:   one hour
                                   3600000    ; expire:  42 days
                                   360000     ; minimum: 100 hrs
                                   )
                         IN  NS    vlager.vbrew.com.
     1                   IN  PTR   localhost.
±×¸² 6.4 : named.local ÆÄÀÏ

     ;
     ; /var/named/named.rev         Reverse mapping of our IP addresses
     ;                               Origin is 72.191.in-addr.arpa.
     ;
     @                   IN  SOA   vlager.vbrew.com. (
                                   joe.vbrew.com.
                                   16         ; serial
                                   86400      ; refresh: once per day
                                   3600       ; retry:   one hour
                                   3600000    ; expire:  42 days
                                   604800     ; minimum: 1 week
                                   )
                         IN  NS    vlager.vbrew.com.
     ; brewery
     1.1                 IN  PTR   vlager.vbrew.com.
     2.1                 IN  PTR   vstout.vbrew.com.
     3.1                 IN  PTR   vale.vbrew.com.
     ; winery
     1.2                 IN  PTR   vlager-if1.vbrew.com.
     2.2                 IN  PTR   vbardolino.vbrew.com.
     3.2                 IN  PTR   vchianti.vbrew.com.
     4.2                 IN  PTR   vbeaujolais.vbrew.com.
±×¸² 6.5 : named.rev ÆÄÀÏ

6.2.4 Verifying the Name Server Setup

´ç½ÅÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼Â¾÷ÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁÁÀº ÅøÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀ» °¡¸®ÄÑ nslookupÀ̶óÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÎÅÍ·¢Æ¼ºêÇÏ°Ô, ¶Ç´Â Ä¿¸Çµå¶óÀο¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ ´Ü¼øÈ÷

     nslookup hostname

À̶óÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀº resolv.conf¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ hostname¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³½´Ù(¸¸¾à, ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é nslookupÀº ·£´ýÀ¸·Î Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù).

±×·¯³ª ÀÎÅÍ·¢Æ¼ºê ¸ðµå´Â À̺¸´Ù ´õ Èï¹Ì ÁøÁøÇÏ´Ù. È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡, ¾î¶°ÇÑ DNS ·¹ÄÚµå ŸÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©¼­µµ ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ zone Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÎÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¸é, nslookupÀº »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÎÅÍÆÑƼºê ¸ðµå·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. '>'ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼­, ÁúÀÇÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ» ÃijÖÀ¸¸é, ±×°ÍÀº µðÆúÆ®·Î µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓ¿¡ ¿¬°üµÈ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ´ã°í Àִ Ŭ·¡½º A ·¹Äڵ带 ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.

"set type=type"À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¹Ù²Ü¼öµµ Àִµ¥, typeÀº ¼½¼Ç 6.2¿¡¼­ °Å·ÐÇÑ ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹ÄÚµå ³×ÀÓÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̰ųª, ANYÀÌ´Ù.

¿¹¸¦µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ´ÙÀ̾ó·Î±×¸¦ Á¢ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù:

     $ nslookup
     Default Name Server:  rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
     Address:  130.83.56.60

     > sunsite.unc.edu
     Name Server:  rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
     Address:  130.83.56.60

     Non-authoritative answer:
     Name:  sunsite.unc.edu
     Address:  152.2.22.81

¸¸¾à IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸, DNS µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â ³×ÀÓÀ» Äõ¸®ÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, nslookupÀº "No type A records found"¶ó´Â ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, "set type" Ä¿¸Çµå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀÌ A ŸÀÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹Äڵ带 Äõ¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î, unc.eduÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ带 ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ± ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇϸéµÈ´Ù.

     > unc.edu 
     *** No address (A) records available for unc.edu 
     Name Server:  rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
     Address:  130.83.56.60

     > set type=SOA
     > unc.edu 
     Name Server:  rs10.hrz.th-darmstadt.de
     Address:  130.83.56.60

     Non-authoritative answer:
     unc.edu 
             origin = ns.unc.edu 
             mail addr = shava.ns.unc.edu 
             serial = 930408
             refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
             retry   = 3600 (1 hour)
             expire  = 1209600 (14 days)
             minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU 
     SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU      internet address = 128.109.157.30

ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô MX ·¹ÄÚµå µî¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ANY ŸÀÔÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ¸®¼Ò½º ·¹Äڵ带 µ¹·ÁÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

     > set type=MX
     > unc.edu 
     Non-authoritative answer:
     unc.edu preference = 10, mail exchanger = lambada.oit.unc.edu 
     lambada.oit.unc.edu      internet address = 152.2.22.80

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     UNC.EDU nameserver = SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU 
     SAMBA.ACS.UNC.EDU       internet address = 128.109.157.30

µð¹ö±ë¿Ü¿¡µµ, named.ca ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ÇöÀçÀÇ root ¼­¹öÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¾òÀ»¶§ nslookupÀ» ¾µ¸ðÀÖ°Ô ÀÀ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº ´ÜÁö root µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¿¬°üµÈ ¸ðµç ŸÀÔÀÇ NS ·¹Äڵ带 ÁúÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

     > set type=NS
     > .
     Name Server:  fb0430.mathematik.th-darmstadt.de
     Address:  130.83.2.30

     Non-authoritative answer:
     (root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
     (root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
     (root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
     (root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU 
     (root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
     (root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
     (root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     (root) nameserver = NS.INTERNIC.NET
     (root) nameserver = AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
     (root) nameserver = C.NYSER.NET
     (root) nameserver = TERP.UMD.EDU 
     (root) nameserver = NS.NASA.GOV
     (root) nameserver = NIC.NORDU.NET
     (root) nameserver = NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
     NS.INTERNIC.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4
     AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL         internet address = 128.63.4.82
     AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL         internet address = 192.5.25.82
     AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL         internet address = 26.3.0.29
     C.NYSER.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
     TERP.UMD.EDU     internet address = 128.8.10.90
     NS.NASA.GOV      internet address = 128.102.16.10
     NS.NASA.GOV      internet address = 192.52.195.10
     NS.NASA.GOV      internet address = 45.13.10.121
     NIC.NORDU.NET    internet address = 192.36.148.17
     NS.NIC.DDN.MIL    internet address = 192.112.36.4

nslookupÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Ä¿¸Çµå ¼¼Æ®´Â, nslookup³»¿¡¼­ helpÄ¿¸Çµå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

6.2.5 Other Useful Tools

BIND °ü¸®ÀÚ¿Í °°Àº, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÙ ¸î°³ÀÇ ÅøÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥, ¿©±â¼± °£·«È÷ µÎ°¡Áö¸¸ ¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅøÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ±×°Í¿¡ µþ·Á¿À´Â ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.

hostcvt´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» namedÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍÆÄÀÏ·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀÇ BIND¼³Á¤À» ÃʱâÈ­ÇØÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ´ç½ÅÀ» µ½´Â ÅøÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº forward (A)¿Í reverse mapping (PTR) ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¸¸µé¾î³»°í, ¾Ù¸®¾î½º °°Àº °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ½ñ´Â´Ù. ¹°·Ð ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷, À̸¦Å׸é SOA ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Å¸ÀӾƿô °ªÀ» Á¶ÀýÇϰųª, MX ·¹Äڵ带 Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇØÁÙ ¼ø ¾ø°í, ´ç½Å Á÷Á¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº °ñÄ¡¾ÆÇ ÀÏÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. hostcvt´Â BIND ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î ¸®´ª½º FTP ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ÆÐÅ°Áö·Î¼­µµ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

´ç½ÅÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¼Â¾÷ÇÑ ÈÄ¿£, ¼³Á¤»çÇ×À» Å×½ºÆ® Çغ¸°í ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦À§ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ(±×¸®°í ³»°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â) ÅøÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ dnswalk »ÓÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ã¾Æ³»°í, Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÏ°üµÈ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇØ DNS µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â perl±â¹Ý ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÌ´Ù. dnswalk´Â ÃÖ±Ù comp.source.misc¿¡¼­ ¸±¸®Áî µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ ±×·ìÀ» º¸°üÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç FTP »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù(´ç½Å ±Ùó¿¡ ±×·± »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ftp.uu.net¿¡¼­ ãÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù).

Other Chapters

1. Introduction to Networking
2. Issues of TCP/IP Networking
3. Configuring the Networking Hardware
4. Setting up the Serial Hardware
5. Configuring TCP/IP Networking
6. Name Service and Resolver Configuration
7. Serial Line IP
8. The Point-to-Point Protocol
9. Various Network Applications
10. The Network Information System
11. The Network File System
12. Managing Taylor UUCP
13. Electronic Mail
14. Getting smail Up and Running
15. Sendmail+IDA
16. Netnews
17. C News
18. A Description of NNTP
19. Newsreader Configuration

Appendix

A. A Null Printer Cable for PLIP
B. Sample smail Configuration Files
C. The GNU General Public License