LinuxThreads°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾²·¹µå ·çƾµéÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäŸÀÔÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Â /usr/include/pthread.h Çì´õ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
´ÙÁß ¾²·¹µå ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÀÛ¼ºÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ ´Ü°èÀÇ °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù:
¸î °¡Áö ±âº»ÀûÀÎ pthread.hÀÇ ·çƾµéÀ» °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇÏ¸é¼ ÀÌ µÎ ´Ü°è¸¦ ½ÇÆ캸ÀÚ.
Çؾ߸¸ Çϴ ù¹ø° Çൿµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¸ðµç lockµéÀ» ÃʱâÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. POSIX lockµéÀº pthread_mutex_t ŸÀÔÀÇ º¯¼ö·Î ¼±¾ðµÈ´Ù; °¢ lockÀ» ÃʱâÈÇϱâ À§Çã ´ÙÀ½ ·çƾÀ» È£ÃâÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù:
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex,
const pthread_mutexattr_t *mutexattr);
¹¾î¼ º¸¸é:
#include <pthread.h>
...
pthread_mutex_t lock;
pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL);
...
pthread_mutex_init ÇÔ¼ö´Â mutex ÀÎÀÚ°¡ °¡¸£Å°´Â mutex °´Ã¼¸¦ mutexattr¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸í½ÃµÈ mutex ¼Ó¼º¿¡ µû¶ó Ãʱâȸ¦ ÇÑ´Ù. mutexattrÀÇ NULLÀ̸é, µðÆúÆ® ¼Ó¼ºÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
°è¼ÓÇؼ ÀÌ ÃʱâÈµÈ lockµéÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö º¸°Ú´Ù.
POSIX´Â °¢ ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ pthread_t ŸÀÔÀÇ º¯¼ö¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ È£Ãâ·Î ¾²·¹µå°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù:
int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void
*(*start_routine)(void *), void *arg);
¼º°øÇÑ´Ù¸é »õ·ÎÀÌ »ý¼ºµÈ ¾²·¹µåÀÇ id°¡ thread ÀÎÀÚ°¡ Áö½ÃÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀúÀåÀÌ µÇ°í 0ÀÎ ¸®ÅϵȴÙ. ¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸé 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °ªÀÌ ¸®ÅϵȴÙ.
f() ·çƾÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ¸¸µé°í f()¿¡ arg º¯¼ö¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â Æ÷ÀÎÅ͸¦ ³Ñ±â±â À§Çؼ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù:
#include <pthread.h>
...
pthread_t thread;
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, f, &arg).
...
f() ·çºóÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÇÁ·ÎÅäŸÀÔÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù:
void *f(void *arg);
¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è·Î f() ·çƾÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¸¸µç ¸ðµç ¾²·¹µå°¡ Á¾·á ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù:
int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
th °¡ °¡¸£Å°´Â ¾²·¹µå°¡ Á¾·áÇÒ ¶§±îÁö À§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ ¾²·¹µåÀÇ ¼öÇàÀ» ¸ØÃá´Ù. ¸¸¾à thread_returnÀÌ NULLÀ̴ϸé thÀÇ ¸®ÅÏ°ªÀº thread_returnÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
È£ÃâÇÑ ·çƾÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾²·¹µå ·çƾ¿¡ ³Ñ±â´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù:
µÎ¹ø° °ÍÀÌ ÄÚµåÀÇ ¸ðµâ¼º(modularity)À» º¸ÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¼±ÅÃÀÌ´Ù. ±¸Á¦Ã¼´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö ´Ü°èÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù; ù°·Î °øÀ¯ º¯¼öµé°ú lockµé¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸, µÎ¹ø°·Î ·çƾ¿¡¼ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸, ¼¼¹ø°·Î ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇØÁÖ´Â id¿Í ¾²·¹µå°¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â CPUÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ (·±Å¸ÀÓ¿¡ ÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ½±´Ù). ±¸Á¶Ã¼ÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¿ä¼ÒÀ» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ; ³Ñ°ÜÁø Á¤º¸´Â ¸ðµç ¾²·¹µåµé »çÀÌÀÇ °øÀ¯µÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ º¯¼öµé°ú lockµéÀÇ Æ÷ÀÎÅ͸¦ »ç¿ë ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. double ŸÀÔÀÇ °øÀ¯ º¯¼ö var¿Í ±× ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ lockÀ» ³Ñ±â±â À§ÇØ ±¸Á¶Ã¼´Â µÎ ¸â¹ö º¯¼ö¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù:
double volatile *var;
pthread_mutex_t *var_lock;
volatile ¼Ó¼ºÀÇ »ç¿ë À§Ä¡¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó. ÀÌ´Â Æ÷ÀÎÅÍ ÀÚü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó var°¡ volatileÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
¾²·¹µå¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ½±°Ô º´·Äȸ¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¿¹´Â µÎ º¤ÅÍÀÇ ½ºÄ®¶óÄÚ°öÀ» °è»êÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¼®À» ºÙÀÎ Äڵ带 Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
/* ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÏ·Á¸é gcc -D_REENTRANT -lpthread */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
/* ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ±¸Á¶Ã¼ ¼±¾ð */
typedef struct {
double volatile *p_s; /* ½ºÄ®¶ó °öÀÇ °øÀ¯ º¯¼ö */
pthread_mutex_t *p_s_lock; /* º¯¼ö sÀÇ lock */
int n; /* ¾²·¹µåÀÇ ¼ö */
int nproc; /* ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ÀÇ ¼ö */
double *x; /* ù¹ø° º¤ÅÍÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ */
double *y; /* µÎ¹ø° º¤ÅÍÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ */
int l; /* º¤ÅÍÀÇ ±æÀÌ */
} DATA;
void *SMP_scalprod(void *arg)
{
register double localsum;
long i;
DATA D = *(DATA *)arg;
localsum = 0.0;
/* °¢ ¾²·¹µå´Â i = D.n¿¡¼ ºÎÅÍ ½ºÄ®¶ó °öÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
D.n = 1, 2, ...
D.nproc °ªÀ» °®´Â´Ù. Á¤È®È÷ D.nproc°³ÀÇ ¾²·¹µå°¡ ÀÖ±â
¶§¹®¿¡ iÀÇ Áõ°¡ °°Àº D.nprocÀÌ´Ù. */
for(i = D.n; i < D.l; i += D.nproc)
localsum += D.x[i]*D.y[i];
/* s¿¡ ´ëÇÑ lockÀ» °Ç´Ù ... */
pthread_mutex_lock(D.p_s_lock);
/* ... sÀÇ °ªÀ» ¹Ù²Û´Ù. ... */
*(D.p_s) += localsum;
/* ... ±×¸®°í lock¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù. */
pthread_mutex_unlock(D.p_s_lock);
return NULL;
}
#define L 9 /* º¤ÅÍÀÇ Â÷¿ø */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pthread_t *thread;
void *retval;
int cpu, i;
DATA *A;
volatile double s = 0; /* °øÀ¯ º¯¼ö */
pthread_mutex_t s_lock;
double x[L], y[L];
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: %s <number of CPU>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
cpu = atoi(argv[1]);
thread = (pthread_t *) calloc(cpu, sizeof(pthread_t));
A = (DATA *) calloc(cpu, sizeof(DATA));
for (i = 0; i < L; i++)
x[i] = y[i] = i;
/* lock º¯¼ö¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. */
pthread_mutex_init(&s_lock, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < cpu; i++) {
/* ±¸Á¶Ã¼¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. */
A[i].n = i; /* ¾²·¹µåÀÇ ¼ö */
A[i].x = x;
A[i].y = y;
A[i].l = L;
A[i].nproc = cpu; /* CPUÀÇ ¼ö */
A[i].p_s = &s;
A[i].p_s_lock = &s_lock;
if (pthread_create(&thread[i], NULL, SMP_scalprod,
&A[i])) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot make thread\n",
argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
for (i = 0; i < cpu; i++) {
if (pthread_join(thread[i], &retval)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot join thread\n",
argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
printf("s = %f\n", s);
exit(0);
}
Copyright ¨Ï 1999, Matteo Dell'Omodarme
Published in Issue 48 of Linux Gazette, December 1999