´ÙÀ½ ÀÌÀü Â÷·Ê

3. TRIGGER

3.1 TRIGGER 1


     CREATE  TRIGGER  name  { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ...]}
     ON  table  FOR  EACH  { ROW  |  STATEMENT }
     EXECUTE  PROCEDURE  func_name ( )
     
     event     : INPUT , UPDATE , DELETE µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
     func_name : »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ ÇÔ¼öÀÌ´Ù. plpgsql À» ±ÇÀåÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù.
                 ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö¿¡´Â ÀÎÀÚ°¡ µé¾î¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 
                 ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ RETURN TYPE ·Î´Â OPAQUE À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
                 Àμö¸¦ À§ÇØ TRIGGER ÀÇ ÀÚü º¯¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
                 (new,old,...)
                 
     TRIGGER ¸¦  Ã̽º·´°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é ¹æ¾Æ¼è¸¦ ´ç±â¸é ÃѾËÀÌ ³ª°¡´Â °Í¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
     TRIGGER Àº TUPLE(ROW or RECORD) ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ  INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ¸¦ »ç°Ç(event) ·Î 
     º¸°í ÀÌ »ç°Ç¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¾î¶² ÇൿÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡
example

     CREATE   TRIGGER    trg_test 
     BEFORE   DELETE     OR   UPDATE  ON  supplier  FOR  EACH  ROW
     EXECUTE  PROCEDURE  check_sup();
      
      
     supplier Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ DELETE, UPDATE °¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸé ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÇàÇØÁö±â Àü¿¡ 
     check_sup() ¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó. ÀÌ TRIGGER ÀÇ À̸§Àº trg_test ÀÌ´Ù.
plpgsql ¸Àº¸±â

     CREATE  FUNCTION  func_name() RETURNS type
     AS '
        [DECLARE  declarations]
        BEGIN
           statements
        END;
     'LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
example

     CREATE  FUNCTION  pgsql_test() RETURNS  datetime
     AS '
       DECLARE  curtime  datetime;
       BEGIN 
         curtime:= ''now'';
         return  curtime;
       END;
     ' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

3.2 TRIGGER ½ÇÇàÀ» À§ÇÑ PL/pgSQLµî·Ï ¹æ¹ý

´ÙÀ½Àº ½ÇÇà ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ º¹»ç¸¦ Çؼ­ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.(¿¹ : trg.sql) ´ÙÀ½ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ ¸ÕÀú ÇؾßÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ Àִµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº Procedural Languages ¸¦ µî·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¹Á¦¿¡´Â PL/pgSQL À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠÀÌ°ÍÀ» µî·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇʼöÀÌ´Ù.

¹æ¹ýÀº µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

1. template1 µ¥ÀÌŸ º£À̽º¿¡ µî·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¿¡ µî·ÏÀÌ µÈÈÄ template1 µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¿¡¼­ create database ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϸé ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÈ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¿¡ PL/pgSQLÀÌ µî·ÏÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.

µî·Ï¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ ´ÙÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇ϶ó.

postgreSQLÀÇ PATH : ¿©±â¼­ÀÇ PATH ´Â /usr/local/pgsql ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ pgsql µð·ºÅ丮 ¹ØÀÇ lib µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ plpgsql.so ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀÌ È­ÀÏÀº ´Ù Á¸ÀçÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


µî·Ï °úÁ¤

[postgres@nogadax postgres]# psql  template1
template1=>
template1=> CREATE  FUNCTION  plpgsql_call_handler()  RETURNS  OPAQUE  AS
template1-> '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/plpgsql.so'  LANGUAGE  'c'; 
template1=> 
template1=> CREATE  TRUSTED  PROCEDURAL  LANGUAGE  'plpgsql'
template1-> HANDLER  plpgsql_call_handler
template1-> LANCOMPILER  'PL/pgSQL';
template1=> CREATE  DATABASE  nogadax; 
template1=> \q
[postgres@nogadax postgres]#



2. ´ÙÀ½ ¹æ¹ýÀº »ý¼ºÇÑ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¸¶´Ù ÇϳªÇϳª ´Ù µî·ÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

µî·Ï °úÁ¤

[postgres@nogadax postgres]# psql  nogadax
nogadax=>
nogadax=> CREATE  FUNCTION  plpgsql_call_handler()  RETURNS  OPAQUE  AS
nogadax-> '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/plpgsql.so'  LANGUAGE  'c'; 
nogadax=> 
nogadax=> CREATE  TRUSTED  PROCEDURAL  LANGUAGE  'plpgsql'
nogadax-> HANDLER  plpgsql_call_handler
nogadax-> LANCOMPILER  'PL/pgSQL';
nogadax=> 
nogadax=> \q
[postgres@nogadax postgres]#


ÀÌÁ¦´Â À§ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÁß Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© µî·ÏÀ» ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

3.3 TRIGGER ¿¹Á¦ 1

´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹Á¦¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.


[podtgres@nogadax postgres]$ psql  nogadax
nogadax=> \i  /home/postgres/trg.sql
.....
.....


-------------------------------------------------------Cut here!!
--coded  BY  NoGaDa-X  2000/02/19

--DROP all Object for safe_test
 DROP FUNCTION ins_row();
 DROP TRIGGER trg_test ON test1;
 DROP TABLE  test1;
 DROP TABLE  test2;

--Create Table
 CREATE  TABLE  test1(
   tab1_id    int4,
   tab1_name  text
 );

 CREATE  TABLE  test2(
   tab2_id    int4,
   tab2_memo  text  DEFAULT 'None'
 );


--Create Function
 CREATE  FUNCTION ins_row() RETURNS OPAQUE
  AS ' 
    BEGIN
      INSERT INTO test2(tab2_id) VALUES(new.tab1_id);
      RETURN new;
    END; 
  ' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';


--Create Trigger
 CREATE  TRIGGER  trg_test
 AFTER   INSERT   ON test1 FOR  EACH  ROW
 EXECUTE PROCEDURE   ins_row();


--INSERT  Transaction
 BEGIN;
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(1,'nogadax');
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(2,'winob');
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(3,'diver708');
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(4,'jini');
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(5,'opensys');
     INSERT  INTO  test1 values(6,'Linuz');
 END;

--SELECT TRACTION
 BEGIN;
     SELECT  *  FROM  test1;
     SELECT  *  FROM  test2;
 END;

----------------------------------------------------------End !!

3.4 TRIGGER 2

CREATE TRIGGER

  CREATE  TRIGGER  trigger_name  { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [OR,...] }
   ON  table  FOR  EACH  { ROW | STATEMENT }
   EXECUTE  PROCEDURE  funcname ();


trigger_name : TRIGGER ÀÇ À̸§
table        : Table ÀÇ À̸§
event        : INSERT , DELETE , UPDATE µé Áß¿¡¼­ Çϳª ȤÀº µÎ¼¼°³¸¦ 
               TRIGGER ¸¦ ±âµ¿½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ event ·Î º½
               ( ¿¹ : INSERT OR UPDATE )
func_name    : user °¡ Á¦°øÇÑ ÇÔ¼ö. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â Æ®¸®°Å°¡ »ý¼ºµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
               ¶ÇÇÑ, ÀÌ ÇÔ¼öÀÇ return ÇüÀº  opaqueÀ̸ç Àμö°¡ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
               (ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº PostgreSQL Programmer's Guide ¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀε¥ function
               ¿¡¼­ ¿Ö Àμö°¡ ¾²ÀÌ¸é ¾ÈµÇ´ÂÁö ±×¸®°í opaque ÇüÀÇ ¸®ÅÏ °ª¸¸ µÇ´ÂÁö ¸¦ 
               Á¤È®È÷ ¼³¸íÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.)
                     

   "CREATE TRIGGER"·Î ÀÎÇØ TRIGGER °¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸é CREATE ¶ó´Â
   ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.
DESCRIPTION

 CREATE TRIGGERÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¿¡ »õ·Î¿î TRIGGERÀ» µî·ÏÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.Trigger
 Àº Å×À̺í(¸±·¹À̼Ç)°ú ¿¬°èµÇ¾î¼­ ¹Ì¸® ±ÔÁ¤µÈ ÇÔ¼ö func_nameÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. 


 Æ®¸®°Å´Â Æ®¸®°ÅÀÇ »ý¼º½Ã  BEFOREÅ°¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Tuple(row,record)¿¡ ¾î¶² event°¡
 ¹ß»ýÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ±âµ¿µÇ¾î Áú¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾îÁú¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹Ý´ë·Î AFTERÅ°¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ
 ¿© event°¡ ¿Ï·á ÈÄ¿¡ ±âµ¿µÇ°Ô ÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


 (´ÙÀ½Àº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Postgres data changes visibility rule ÀÌ ÂüÁ¶µÇ¾ú´Ù.)
 Æ®¸®°Å°¡ BEFORE¿¡ ÀÇÇØ eventÀü¿¡ ±âµ¿µÇ¾î Áø´Ù¸é, Æ®¸®°Å´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ Tuple¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
 event¸¦ °Ç³Ê¶Ù°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ INSERT³ª UPDATEÀÇ event¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â »ðÀԵǾîÁú Æ©ÇÃ
 ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Áï, BEFORE¼º°ÝÀÇ Æ®¸®°Å´Â º¯°æµÇ¾îÁú Æ©Çõ鿡 ´ëÇؼ­
 "invisible"ÇÑ »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁö, 󸮵ǾîÁú event ¸¸ ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 ¶ÇÇÑ, Æ®¸®°Å°¡ AFTER Å°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ eventÈÄ¿¡ ±âµ¿µÇ¾îÁö¸é, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »ðÀÔ,UPDATE,»èÁ¦
 µîÀÌ Æ®¸®°Å¿¡ "visible" ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, º¯°æµÈ ºÎºÐÀ» Æ®¸®°Å°¡ ÀÎÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


 event´Â ´ÙÁßÀÇ event ¸¦ OR ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸±·¹À̼ǿ¡ µ¿ÀÏ
 ÇÑ event ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ Æ®¸®°Å¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ´Â Æ®¸®°ÅÀÇ ±âµ¿
 ¼ø¼­¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. 


 Æ®¸®°Å°¡ SQL Äõ¸®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§ ´Ù¸¥ Æ®¸®°ÅµéÀ» ±âµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ CASCADE
 Æ®¸®°Å¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ä³½ºÄ³À̵å Æ®¸®°ÅÀÇ ·¹º§¿¡´Â Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇѹøÀÇ Æ®¸®
 °Å·Î ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ´ÙÁßÀÇ Æ®¸®°Å¸¦ ±âµ¿½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 


 µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸±·¹À̼ǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ INSERT Æ®¸®°Å°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ Æ®¸®°Å´Â ´Ù½Ã µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸±·¹À̼Ç
 ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ®¸®°Å°¡ ±âµ¿µÇ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ PostgreSQLÀº ÀÌ·± Æ®¸®°Å¿¡ ´ë
 ÇÑ Æ©ÇÃÀÇ µ¿±âÈ­°¡ Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
NOTES

   
 CREATE TRIGGER Àº PostgreSQLÀÇ È®ÀåµÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù.
 ´ÜÁö ¸±·¹À̼Ç(Table) ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ¸¸ÀÌ ±× ¸±·¹À̼ǿ¡ Æ®¸®°Å¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
 ¹öÁ¯ 6.4¿¡¼­ STATEMENT ´Â ±¸ÇöµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

3.5 TRIGGER ¿¹Á¦ 2

CASCADING TRIGGER SAMPLE


----------------------------------------------------Cut here !!
--coded  by NoGaDa-X 
--cascading tigger

DROP TRIGGER tab1_trg ON test1;
DROP TRIGGER tab2_trg ON test2;
DROP TRIGGER tab3_trg ON test3;

DROP FUNCTION tab1_func();
DROP FUNCTION tab2_func();
DROP FUNCTION tab3_func();

DROP TABLE test1;
DROP TABLE test2;
DROP TABLE test3;
DROP TABLE test4;


--Create Table
CREATE TABLE test1(
 tab1_id   INT4  
);

CREATE TABLE test2(
  tab2_id  INT4
);

CREATE TABLE test3(
  tab3_id   INT4
);

CREATE TABLE test4(
  tab4_id   INT4
);


--Create Function
CREATE FUNCTION tab1_func() RETURNS opaque
AS '
   BEGIN
      INSERT  INTO  test2 values( new.tab1_id);    
      RETURN new;
   END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

CREATE FUNCTION tab2_func() RETURNS opaque
AS '
   BEGIN
      INSERT  INTO  test3 values( new.tab2_id);    
      RETURN new;
   END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

CREATE FUNCTION tab3_func() RETURNS opaque
AS '
   BEGIN
      INSERT  INTO  test4 values( new.tab3_id);  
      RETURN new;
   END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';


--Create Trigger
CREATE TRIGGER tab1_trg AFTER 
INSERT OR UPDATE ON test1 FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE tab1_func();  

CREATE TRIGGER tab2_trg AFTER
INSERT OR UPDATE ON test2 FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE tab2_func();

CREATE TRIGGER tab3_trg AFTER
INSERT OR UPDATE ON test3 FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE tab3_func();


--transaction
BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1);
  SELECT * from test1;
  
  INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (2);
  SELECT * from test2;
  
  INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (3);
  SELECT * from test3;

  INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (4);
  SELECT * from test4;
END;

-----------------------------------------------End !!

´ÙÀ½ ÀÌÀü Â÷·Ê