Powered by DNS ±è½Â¿µ nobreak@hongik.com 3rd Edition, ÃÖÁ¾¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 1999³â 9¿ù 17ÀÏ, Revision 3.2 À߸ø ¾²¿©Áø ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾à°£ÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ¿© ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Áö½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇϴµ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤º»Àº ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È°¿ëÇϼŵµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¸ñÂ÷ 1. Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ 1.1 DNS Namespace 1.2 µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving 1.3 µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2) 2. Name Server ¿î¿µ 2.1 Name Server À¯Çü 2.2 BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¼³Ä¡ 2.3 ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Public Domain) ½Åû 2.4 ¹ö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Inverse Domain) ½Åû 2.5 Name Server ¼³Á¤ 2.5.1 BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot 2.5.2 BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.conf 2.5.3 Forward & Reverse Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º 2.5.3.1 SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority) 2.5.3.2 NS(Name Server) ·¹ÄÚµå 2.5.3.3 A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå 2.5.3.4 MX(Mail eXchanger) ·¹ÄÚµå 2.5.3.5 PTR(Pointer) ·¹ÄÚµå 2.5.3.6 ±âŸ ·¹ÄÚµåµé 2.5.3.7 Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample 2.5.3.8 È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample 2.6 Name Server ±¸µ¿ 2.7 µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ 3. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(Resolver) ¼³Á¤ 3.1 Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤ 3.2 Microsoft Windows ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤ 4. µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ (Domain Parenting & Delegation) 4.1 ºÎ¸ð Zone¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ý¼º 4.2 ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ 4.3 ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ 4.4 Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ (Âü°í: RFC2317) 5. DNS¿Í Sendmail 5.1 MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò 5.2 MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ® 5.3 MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5) 5.4 Nonrecursive MX lookup 5.5 SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤ 5.5.1 m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º 5.5.2 Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º 5.5.3 Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º 5.5.4 Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè 6. BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö 6.1 BIND ½Ã±×³Î 6.2 BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé 6.3 BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé 6.4 BIND Statistics 6.5 BIND Bebugging Output 7. DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸ 7.1 NSLOOKUP 7.1.1 µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö 7.1.2 ±âº» Äõ¸® ¼­¹ö º¯°æ 7.1.3 ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ 7.1.4 Zone Transfer 7.1.5 ÃʱâÈ­ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc' 7.2 DIG 7.3 DNSWALK 8. Miscellaneous 8.1 FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name) 8.2 DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ 8.3 BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö 8.4 Public Domain 8.5 CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ 8.6 Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ 8.7 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå (Glue Record) 8.8 Lame Delegation 8.9 'Authoritative answer'¿Í 'Non-authoritative answer' 8.10 Positive & Negative Caching 8.11 Iterative(Nonrecursive) & Recursive ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 8.12 RTT(Round Trip Time)°ú Nameserver ¼±Åà 8.13 ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå (Âü°í RFC1034 p25) 8.14 Serial Number Á¶Á¤ 8.15 IP º¯µ¿¿¡ µû¸¥ TTL Á¶Á¤ 8.16 ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯ (Load Sharing Between Mirrored Servers) 9. Bibliography ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ Domain Name SystemÀ̶õ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿©ÁÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP(Internet Protocol), ±×¸®°í IPÀÇ »óÀ§¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ³Ý½ºÄÉÀÌÇÁ °°Àº ÀÀ¿ëµéÀº 210.105.79.103 °ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ±â°èÀÔÀå¿¡¼± Çؼ®Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾ïÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼­ºñ½º À¯ÇüÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ µµÀÔ ½ÃÀýÀÎ ARPANET ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ IP Address¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº ½ÃÇàÂø¿À´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ DNS ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. ARPANET ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â¿¡ NIC(Network Information Center)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤ Áֱ⸶´Ù È£½ºÆ® ¸í´Ü ÆÄÀÏ(HOSTS.TXT)À» ¹Þ¾Æ /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È£½ºÆ® ¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó »õ·Î¿î À̸§ ¸í¸í üÁ¦ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, 1983³â Paul Mockapetris°¡ RFC882, RFC883(ÇöÀç´Â RFC1034·Î ´ëüµÊ)¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¸í¸í üÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸ÇöÀ» °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, Å©°Ô ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶, ºÐ»ê µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º, Email ¶ó¿ìÆà °³¼±À» ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À¸·Î DNS°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1.1. DNS Namespace ARPANETÀÇ Áß¾Ó °ü¸® üÁ¦¿¡¼­´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, DNS¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î Æ®¸®È­ ÇÏ¿© [±×¸² 1]°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù. [Image] [±×¸² 1] Namespace ¿¹Á¦ µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥, Root domain(µµÆ®·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â)Àº Top level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦, Top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ±× ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯Áö/°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸´Â °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(NS:Name Server)·Î ºÐ»ê, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. ¿¹·Î YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, WWW.YAHOO.COMÀº YAHOO.COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·Ï, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ AV.YAHOO.COMÀ» µî·ÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ °ü·Ã ·¹Äڵ常À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§ÀÓ±¸Á¶´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸®¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. 1.2. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving [Image] [±×¸² 2] µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Resolving Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ TCP/IP ÆÐŶ¿£ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷(Resolving)À» ¼±ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, [±×¸² 2]´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Resolving °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. 1. Client»óÀÇ ÀÀ¿ëÀÌ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Local Name Server(TCP/IP ¼³Á¤½Ã ¸í½ÃÇÑ)¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 2. Local NS´Â ¸ÕÀú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»½Ã Root NS(Root NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº °®°íÀÖ´Ù)¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Root NSµµ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'ÀÇ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯À» º¸³»ÁØ´Ù. 3. Local NS´Â ´Ù½Ã COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁö°í, COM NS´Â ´Ù½Ã YAHOO.COMÀÇ NS¸¦ ÀÏ·¯ÁØ´Ù. (·çÆ®(µµÆ®)¿Í COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Root NS¿¡¼­ °°ÀÌ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î º» °úÁ¤Àº ÀϾÁö ¾Ê°í (2)¹ø¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·Î YAHOO.COM NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.) 4. Local NS´Â YAHOO.COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. YAHOO.COM NS´Â ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڷḦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ NS À̹ǷÎ, answer) ÇÑ´Ù. (½ÇÁ¦ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP¸¦ resolving ÇÏ¸é ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ³Ñ¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö·Î ¿î¿µµÇ°í, ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Âü°í: "¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯") 5. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Local NS´Â Client¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù. 1.3. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2) ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀüºÎ ¼ýÀÚ¿©¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. (Ãʱâ [RFC1035]¿¡¼­´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, [RFC1123 p12]¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÈ­µÇ¾î 3com.com °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù.) ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÇÂÀÌ ¾Õ/µÚ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °¢ ¹®ÀÚ¿­(Each segment)Àº ÃÖ°í 63 ´Ü¾î(octet)±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç(NIC¿¡¼­´Â 12´Ü¾î ÀÌÇÏ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå), ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µ¡ºÙ¿©, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº µî·Ï±â°ü(KRNIC, INTERNIC µî)¿¡ µû¶ó, Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. KRNICÀº ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ 63ÀÚ±îÁö Ç®¾îÁÖÁö¸¸, INTERNIC¿¡¼­´Â ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ°í, ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®°¡ 22ÀÚ·Î Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. Âü°í·Î µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î Email¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î RFC822 ±ÔÄ¢µµ ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö ¾ÕÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» Æ÷¿ëÇϹǷÎ, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°Ú´Ù. (Á¦À۵Ǵ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ ±Ô°Ýº¸´Ù È®ÀåµÇ°í À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦ ¼ýÀڷθ¸ µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(¿¹:411.com)µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ À§¹èµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ Åë¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù) 2. Name Server ¿î¿µ 2.1. Name Server À¯Çü ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â Primary, Secondary, Cache only server·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. Primary server´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÌ°í, Secondary server´Â ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ back-up copy¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¼­¹öÀÌ´Ù. 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IN MX 10 mail ; ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ® mail IN A 210.105.79.2 ; Hosts Here - This is comments router IN A 210.105.79.1 ns IN A 210.105.79.2 ns2 IN A 210.105.79.3 power IN A 210.105.79.103 IN HINFO "Sun Sparc Ultra 5" "Solaris 2.6" IN TXT "Nobreak Technologies, Inc." www IN CNAME power Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¡Ø Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122801 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nobreak.com. ; IP-Domain mapping here 1 IN PTR router.nobreak.com. 2 IN PTR ns.nobreak.com. 3 IN PTR ns2.nobreak.com. 103 IN PTR power.nobreak.com. loopback ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. IP 127.0.0.1À» 'localhost.'·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀ̹ǷÎ, º» ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î´À ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡Ø loopbackÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122801 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nobreak.com. ; IP-Domain mapping here 1 IN PTR localhost. Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã FQDN Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â µµÆ®·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿­Àº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇϹǷÎ, µû¶ó¼­ 'ns.nobreak.com.'°ú °°ÀÌ µµÆ®¸¦ ºÙÀÎ FQDNÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇϰųª, ºó¹øÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ. 2.5.3.8. È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample È£½ºÆþ÷üÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, È£½ºÆà µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î º°µµÀÇ ZoneÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, È£½ºÆà ¼­¹öÀÇ IP º¯È­¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ZoneÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ±âµµÇϰųª, ¹Ý³ªÀýÀ» ÆíÁý±â¿Í ¾¾¸§ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ²ö±â¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆÁÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆà ¾÷üÀϼö·Ï À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¸ÞÀÎ Ãß°¡/¼öÁ¤/»èÁ¦¿¡ µå´Â ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. * named.boot (BIND-4) primary netbsd.org zone-default primary openbsd.org zone-default ... primary freebsd.org zone-freebsd.org ; º°µµÀÇ Ãß°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ... * named.conf (BIND-8) zone "netbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; }; zone "openbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; }; ... zone "freebsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-freebsd.org"; }; ... * zone-default @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1999030601 ;serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.39 IN MX 10 @ IN MX 20 mqueue.nobreak.com. www IN CNAME @ telnet IN CNAME @ ftp IN CNAME @ mail IN CNAME @ pop IN CNAME @ news IN CNAME news.nobreak.com. * zone-freebsd.org $INCLUDE zone-default ftp.kr IN A 147.46.102.39 www.kr IN CNAME @ 2.6. Name Server ±¸µ¿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¾úÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-8) # ls /etc/named.conf # BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ /etc/named.conf # ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ named.root zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-nobreak.com # /usr/sbin/named # ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸ó ±¸µ¿ (Solaris: /usr/sbin/in.named) # ps ax | grep named # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ (Solaris: ps -e | grep in.named) 254 ? S 0:00 named ¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-4) # ls /etc/named.boot # BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ /etc/named.boot # ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ named.root zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa # ndc start # ndc(Name Daemon Control)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì Name Server Started # ndc status 254 ? S 0:00 named # ls /var/named/ # PrimaryÀÇ Zone Àü¼Û¿©ºÎ È®ÀÎ named.root sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa sec-nobreak.com zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa 2.7. µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ ¿©±â¿¡¼± [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù·ç¾úÁö¸¸, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁ®º½À¸·Î½á, Namespace °¡Áö»ó¿¡ Àß ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ. $ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com # Primary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 0.0.0.0 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103 $ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns2.nobreak.com # Secondary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ Server: ns2.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.3 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103 $ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr # Namespace ¸µÅ© È®ÀÎ Server: ns.kornet.nm.kr Address: 168.126.63.1 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103 À§ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÏ´Ü ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù. 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IN MX 10 mail IN MX 20 mail2 ns IN A 150.183.110.2 ns2 IN A 150.183.110.3 mail IN A 150.183.110.10 mail2 IN A 150.183.110.11 dns IN A 150.183.110.53 IN MX 10 mail IN MX 20 mail2 ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¸¦ Secondary·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. * named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM) secondary nms.nobreak.com 150.183.110.2 sec-nms.nobreak.com ÀÌÁ¦ ns, ns.nms, ns2.nmsÀÇ BIND¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Çà¾÷ÇÑÈÄ, ¿ÜºÎ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. $ nslookup -type=NS nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nms.nobreak.com nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nms.nobreak.com $ nslookup dns.nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr Name: dns.nms.nobreak.com Address: 150.183.110.53 4.3. ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀº ±×Áß ¼­ºê³Ý 150.183.110À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. $ nslookup -type=NS 183.150.in-addr.arpa 183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com 183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com ¿ÁÅÝ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ°ú °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº '183.150.in-addr.arpa'¿¡¼­ * zone-183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM) 110 IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. 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(Âü°í: ``Allowing controlled SMTP relaying in Sendmail 8.9'') laylaÀÇ ¼ö½Å ºÒ´ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ marie·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£(Sendmail.cf¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤µÈ Timeout.queuereturn=5d ¸¸Å­)µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀû(Sendmail ±¸µ¿½Ã ÁöÁ¤µÈ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 30ºÐ -q30m)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞÀÌ ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã layla¸¸ÀÌ NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * laylaÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cw (Solaris: /etc/mail/sendmail.cw) nobreak.com marie¿Í suzi°¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ °°´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö´Â marie(ȤÀº suzi)·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Å¥À×¼­¹öÀÎ marie´Â ´Ù½Ã MX ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© Æ÷À§µùÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â suzi·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í suzi ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤¸» ±×·²±î? ±×·²¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ SendmailÀº ÆíÁö¸¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ MX ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÎÁõµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(sendmail.cw¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¸ÅĪµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß °¡Àå ³ôÀº(´Ù¼ö°¡ ¸ÅĪ µÉ ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡) ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© °°°Å³ª ÀûÀº(MX °ªÀÌ Å«) ·¹Äڵ带 MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù. nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com. IN MX 20 marie.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü) IN MX 20 suzi.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü) °á±¹ marieÀÇ SendmailÀÌ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡´Â layla¸¸ÀÌ ³²°ÔµÇ°í, ±â´ëÇÑ ¹Ù´ë·Î ÆíÁö´Â layla°¡ Á¤»ó¿î¿µµÉ¶§ ±îÁö Å¥À׵ȴÙ. nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ãÁö ¸øÇϸé(sendmail.cw¿¡ 'marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é), suzi·ÎÀÇ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ÷¿öµùÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, ºÒÇàÈ÷ suzi ¶ÇÇÑ °°Àº »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, °á±¹ ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ¿¡ ºüÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SendmailÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »óȲÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ, ÃÖ´ë Æ÷¿öµù Ƚ¼ö Á¦ÇÑ(Sendmail.cfÀÇ MaxHopCount=17, ±âº»°ª 25)À» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °á±¹ marie³ª suziÁß MaxHopCount¿¡ ¸ÕÀú °É¸®´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ(postmaster)¿Í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³»¾îÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. From: Mail Delivery Subsystem To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com Subject: Returned mail: Too many hops 26 (25 max):... ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors ----- ----- Transcript of session follows ----- 554 Too many hops 26 (25 max):... =========================================================== Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ... Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ... ... Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ... Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ... ... ´ÙÀ½Àº ´ÜÀÏ Å¥À× ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ À§¿Í°°Àº ·çÇÁ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ìÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù. nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com. IN MX 20 marie.nobreak.com. From: Mail Delivery Subsystem To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com Subject: Returned mail: Local configuration error ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors ----- ----- Transcript of session follows ----- 553 marie.nobreak.com. config error: mail loops back to me (MX problem?) 554 ... Local configuration error =========================================================== ... DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î Æ÷ÀÎÆõǴ ȣ½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, aliasµÈ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. 5.2. MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. mailhub IN A 210.105.79.107 È£½ºÆ® mailhub´Â ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À·ù´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÎÅͳݻóÀÇ ÇÑ MTA°¡ mailhub·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ¶§ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ³¶ºñ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú SendmailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ mailhub¸¦ lookup(type=any) ÇÑ´Ù. 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MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5) MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾È ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç °ü·Ã RFC ¹®¼­ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÐ ±ÛÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ãß°¡ Äõ¸®·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» »çÀ¯·Î ¿À·£ ±â°£ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ü·Ã¹®¼­¿¡¼­´Â °°Àº ¿¬À¯·Î °­·ÂÈ÷ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. layla IN MX 10 marie.nobreak.com. marie IN CNAME suzi.nobreak.com. suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. * layla·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ lookup °úÁ¤ 1. lookup layla.nobreak.com -> return marie.nobreak.com 2. lookup marie.nobreak.com -> return suzi.nobreak.com 3. lookup suzi.nobreak.com -> return mailhub.nobreak.com 4. lookup mailhub.nobreak.com -> return 210.105.79.75 ´À½¼ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ±¸ÇöÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë(``layla.nobreak.com'' IN MX points to a CNAME marie.nobreak.com)À̶ó Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽø¸, ¸î¸î MTA¿Í Sendmail´Â À̸¦ ¼ö¿ë(±ÇÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î MTA°¡ ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°íÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °íÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. layla IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. marie IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. ¶ÇÇÑ, ÆíÁö ¼Û½ÅÀü SendmailÀº ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ CNAMEÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑÈÄ ¹è´ÞÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Áï ÆíÁö Çì´õ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â To: Á¤º¸°¡ 'user@marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼Û½ÅÀü¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̴ ȥ¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßÈÄ ¼³¸íÇÒ SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡¼­ ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÅÇÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ È£½ºÆ®´Â ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°Å³ª, CNAME ´ë½Å A ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í MX ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. 5.4. Nonrecursive MX lookup ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì, mailhub·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇغ¸ÀÚ. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö°¡ mx2·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ忡´ëÇØ Nonrecursive Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆíÁö´Â mx1(¹Ýµå½Ã A ·¹Äڵ带 °®¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù. mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com. mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.231 ¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°°ÀÌ RecursiveÇÏ°Ô ÂѾư£´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ·çÇÁ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ带 ÂѾư¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com. mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com. mx2 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. ; Loop 5.5. SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤ ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'°ú 'kr.freebsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 'nobreak@nobreak.com'°ú 'nobreak@kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ´Â °°´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î aliases Å×À̺íÀ» °®´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ µû¶ó ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÌ SendmailÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â¿¡, SendmailÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À¸·Î °ñÀÚ³»¿ë¸¸À» ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Sendmail¿¡ Àͼ÷Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ RuleSet, m4, aliases, dbm/btree/hash µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀüÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Sendmail 8.8 À̻󿡼­ °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ,¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¹öÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. $ telnet localhost smtp Trying 127.0.0.1... 220 kfug2.kr.freebsd.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3 ¹öÁ¯ÀÌ 8.8º¸´Ù ³·´Ù¸é, ¿¡¼­ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» ±¸Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Sendmail 8.2 À̻󿡼­´Â 'domaintable' ǻó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù. 5.5.1. m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º ¸ÕÀú 'sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf/'¿¡¼­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ ÈÄ, Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'virtusertable', 'genericstable' ǻó¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. * generic-bsd4.4.mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏ divert(0)dnl VERSIONID(`@(#)generic-bsd4.4.mc 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/19/1998') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl DOMAIN(generic)dnl MAILER(local)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ°í, 'genericstable' ǻó´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¼Û½Å(out- bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà À¯Àú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò(¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ»óÀÇ From: Çʵå)¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. DNSÀÇ Forward Zone°ú Reverse ZoneÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é µÇ°Ú´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â hash(Berkeley DB)¿Í dbm(NDBM)ÀÌ Àִµ¥, Å×À̺íÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì È¿À²Àº btree(Berkeley DB) > hash(Berkeley DB) > dbm(NDBM) ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥ btree¿Í hash¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Berkeley DB(FreeBSD¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¸î¸î Unix¿¡´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, sendmail°ú makemap ÄÄÆÄÀϽà -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×(Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ -DNDBM Ç÷¡±×(NDBM ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§¿¡´Â dbmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Berkeley DBÀÇ GNUÆÇÀÎ GDBMÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿£ º°µµÀÇ ³ë·Â¾øÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ DB¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ m4(Macro Language Processor)¸¦ ÅëÇØ sendmail.cf·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. # cd sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf # m4 ../m4/cf.m4 freebsd.mc > freebsd.cf # cp freebsd.cf /etc/sendmail.cf ¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ sendmail.cf°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, ½ÇÁ¦ º» µÎ ǻó°¡ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RuleSetÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© sendmail.cf¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©µµ ÁÁ´Ù. (RuleSetÀÌ »ðÀԵǴ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ m4·Î sendmail.cf¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù) * FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl # Virtual user table (maps incoming users) Kvirtuser btree /etc/domainaliases.db # handle virtual users (RuleSet 0ÀÇ Parse1 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡) R$+ < @ $=w . > $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . > R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . > $: < $(virtuser $1 + * @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . > R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . > $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . > R<@> $+ < @ $+ . > $: < $(virtuser @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . > R<@> $+ $: $1 R< error : $- $+ > $* $#error $@ $(dequote $1 $) $: $2 R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ > $: $>97 $1 * FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl # Generics table (mapping outgoing addresses) Kgenerics btree /etc/useraliases.db # handle generics database (RuleSet 93 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡) R$+ < @ $=G . > $: < $1@$2 > $1 < @ $2 . > @ mark R$+ < @ *LOCAL* > $: < $1@$j > $1 < @ *LOCAL* > @ mark R< $+ > $+ < $* > @ $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $2 < $3 > R< > $+ < @ $+ > $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $1 < @ $2 > R< $* @ $* > $* < $* > $@ $>3 $1 @ $2 found qualified R< $+ > $* < $* > $: $>3 $1 @ *LOCAL* found unqualified R< > $* $: $1 not found 5.5.2. Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º ¸ÕÀú, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Ŭ·¡½º w(sendmail.cw)¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * /etc/sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù. * /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ webmaster@nobreak.com dipper moonhunt@nobreak.com moonhunt@ieee.org cjh@nobreak.com error:nouser Unknown User @nobreak.com nobreak @kr.freebsd.org %1@xfree86.org ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò 'webmaster@nobreak.com'´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ dipper·Î ¸ÅÇεǰí, Æ÷¿öµù µÈ´Ù. 'cjh@nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö 'Unknown User'·Î ´äÇϸç, ±×¿Ü 'nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ nobreak·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô Æ÷¿öµùµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ aliases ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â°Í ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. * /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ announce@kr.freebsd.org announce.ml admin@kr.freebsd.org admin.ml * /etc/aliases ÆÄÀÏ announce.ml: :include:/var/ml/announce.ml admin.ml: nobreak, moonhunt@ieee.org 5.5.3. Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ 'kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'À϶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ out-boundµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 'user@kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'¸¦ FromÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Reverse-map Å×À̺íÀº ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù. * /etc/useraliases ÆÄÀÏ nobreak nobreak@nobreak.com cjh cjh@kr.freebsd.org 5.5.4. Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Å×À̺íÀº makemapÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ dbm/btree/hash ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â btree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÑ´Ù. # makemap btree /etc/domainaliases.db < /etc/domainaliases # makemap btree /etc/useraliases.db < /etc/useraliases # ls /etc/domainaliases* /etc/useraliases* /etc/domainaliases /etc/useraliases /etc/domainaliases.db /etc/useraliases.db ÀÌÁ¦ SendmailÀ» Çà¾÷ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ. # kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sendmail.pid` # sendmail -bv webmaster@nobreak.com webmaster@nobreak.com... deliverable: mailer local, user dipper # sendmail -bv cjh@nobreak.com cjh@nobreak.com... Unknown User # sendmail -bv anybody@kr.freebsd.org anybody@kr.freebsd.org... deliverable: mailer esmtp, host xfree86.org., user anybody@xfree86.org 6. BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö 6.1. BIND ½Ã±×³Î BIND´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã±×³Î Áß ¸î¸î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥, ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë /var/named/ ȤÀº /var/tmp/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²´Â´Ù. o HUP: BIND¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ, º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ´Â BIND¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑÈÄ, Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¼öÁ¤µÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º(SerialÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ)¸¸À» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ°í, ij½¬¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. o INT: ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ij½¬¿Í Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºµéÀ» $ORIGINÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ ³»ºÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ named_dump.db ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. o ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4): BINDÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ named.stats ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¶³¾î¶ß¸°´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö À¯Áö, °ü¸®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿©·¯ Åë°è ÀÚ·á°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. o USR1: µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸¸¦ named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» ÇÑ ´Ü°è¾¿ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥, °¢ ·¹º§¸¶´Ù Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ À¯ÇüÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇϸç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹º§ÀÌ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. o USR2: µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù. o WINCH: BIND´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸î¸î ÁÖ¿ä ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¸À» Syslog¿¡ ³²±ä´Ù. º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀº Åä±Û Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿Çϸç, ¿äûµÇ´Â ¸ðµç Äõ¸®¸¦ Syslog¿¡ ³²±âµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. 6.2. BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé BIND´Â Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿À·ù±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù ¹× ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº Syslog¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­ÀÌ°Ú´Ù. Syslog´Â /etc/syslog.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, º¸Åë /var/log/messages ȤÀº /var/adm/messages ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº, BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÉ ¶§, HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. Jan 1 5:33:39 ns named[288]: starting. named 8.2 Jan 2 16:57:11 ns named[291]: reloading nameserver Feb 5 3:34:31 ns named[289]: named shutting down Syslog¿¡ ³²´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº '½Ã°£ È£½ºÆ®¸í named[PID]: ¸Þ½ÃÁö'¿Í °°Àº Çü½Ä¸¦ ÃëÇϴµ¥, BIND-4¿Í BIND-8 ±×¸®°í °¢ ¹öÀüº°·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¾ç½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. Feb 1 11:33:40 ns named[288]: master zone "nobreak.com" (IN) loaded (serial 1999012901) Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â zone'À¸·Î ¸íĪÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸Å½Ã°£ BIND´Â °£·«ÇÑ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. (BIND-4ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹öÀü°ú ¸î¸î OS º¥´õ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â BIND´Â ÀÌ Ç»Ãĸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ²¨³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: USAGE 917949432 917837292 CPU=1558.86u/491.54s CHILDCPU=921.29u/1228.57s Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: NSTATS 917949432 917837292 Unknown=3 A=95677 NS=3 SOA=275 PTR=563972 MX=11355 TXT=16 AXFR=10 ANY=17840 Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: XSTATS 917949432 917837292 RR=270905 RNXD=92478 RFwdR=133260 RDupR=505 RFail=8882 RFErr=0 RErr=75 RAXFR=10 RLame=111437 ROpts=0 SSysQ=24028 SAns=467186 SFwdQ=221971 SDupQ=255265 SErr=5319 RQ=689151 RIQ=17 RFwdQ=0 RDupQ=224 RTCP=53 SFwdR=133260 SFail=290 SFErr=0 SNaAns=189120 SNXD=186481 °¢ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â 2°³ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç½Ã°£°ú BIND°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. '917949432 - 917837292'¸¦ °è»êÇϸé, ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ)À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. USAGE´Â CPU »ç¿ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÁÖ CPU°¡ 1558Ãʵ¿¾È »ç¿ëÀÚ(u) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­, 491Ãʵ¿¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ(s) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CHILDCPUµµ °°Àº ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¸ÖƼ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, CHILDCPU´Â 0u/0s ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NSTATS¿Í XSTATS´Â 'BIND Statistics'¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù. Feb 5 09:39:05 ns named[26674]: Sent NOTIFY for "nobreak.com IN SOA" (nobreak.com); 1 NS, 1 A BIND-8¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Dynamic Update ±â´ÉÀº Primary°¡ Secondary¿¡°Ô Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Ç϶ó´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ¾î ¾Ë¸² ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Feb 5 09:36:00 ns named[26674]: ns_forw: query(57.132.119.210.in-addr.arpa) No possible A RRs Resolver°¡ ¿äûÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù. Feb 5 09:35:46 ns named[26674]: Lame server on 'ryu.siyon.com' (in 'siyon.com'?): [210.105.79.103].53 'ns.mylover.com' µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'siyon.com'ÀÌ 'ns.mylover.com'À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Authority ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ÀÇ Lame DelegationÀ̹ǷΠ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù. 6.3. BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¸µÅ©¿Í, À߸øµÈ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö Áß ¸î¸îÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Feb 3 12:53:27 ns named[291]: ns_forw: query(shpark.co.kr) contains our address (ns.nobreak.com:210.105.79.2) µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'shpark.co.kr'ÀÌ ns.nobreak.com(ÀÚ½Å)À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Lame Delegation ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ï, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Feb 5 10:09:01 ns named[26674]: "nobreak.com IN NS" points to a CNAME (ns.nobreak.com) Feb 5 10:09:11 ns named[26674]: "nms.nobreak.com IN MX" points to a CNAME (mail.nobreak.com) Feb 5 09:57:15 ns named[26674]: power.nobreak.com has CNAME and other data CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ùµéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ MX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿À·ù´Â Àüü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸î¸î MTA(¿¹:sendmail)¿¡¼­ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, º» ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nobreak.com. ; (X) ns´Â CNAMEÀÌ´Ù. ns IN CNAME mild.nobreak.com. nms IN MX mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) mailÀº CNAME ÀÌ´Ù. mail IN CNAME mhub.nobreak.com. power IN CNAME layla.nobreak.com. IN MX mhub.nobreak.com. ; (X)Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ嵵 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, NS/MX/SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â CNAME°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ. Feb 5 09:24:56 ns2 named-xfer[2502]: record too short from [210.105.79.2], zone nobreak.com Primary NS°¡ xfrnets(BIND-4) ȤÀº allow-transfer(BIND-8) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î, Zone Transfer¸¦ ¸·¾Æ, ÇØ´ç ZoneÀ» °®°í ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿©, Zone Transfer°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 6.4. BIND Statistics ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö È°¿ëÁ¤µµ¿Í µµ¸ÞÀγ»¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °³¼ö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ Åë°è ÀÚ·á °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Åë°è Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â [±×¸² 6]°ú °°ÀÌ timeout(DNS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î UDP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. [Image] [±×¸² 6] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ÁúÀÇ ¿¹Á¦ BIND·ÎºÎÅÍ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀ» /var/named/named.stats ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.stats·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. # kill -ILL `cat /var/run/named.pid` # ls -al /var/named/named.stats -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19832 Mar 8 04:51 /var/named/named.stats # cat /var/named/named.stats +++ Statistics Dump +++ (920978301) Tue Mar 9 20:18:21 1999 208719 time since boot (secs) 3396 time since reset (secs) 3 Unknown query types 205739 A queries 39 NS queries 916 SOA queries 802719 PTR queries 19192 MX queries 2 TXT queries 15 AAAA queries 129 AXFR queries 29359 ANY queries ++ Name Server Statistics ++ (Legend) RR RNXD RFwdR RDupR RFail RFErr RErr RAXFR RLame ROpts SSysQ SAns SFwdQ SDupQ SErr RQ RIQ RFwdQ RDupQ RTCP SFwdR SFail SFErr SNaAns SNXD (Global) 447781 164719 227112 869 25991 0 245 125 170586 0 33963 720395 337570 294284 8122 1058113 0 337570 190 0 227112 20791 0 228616 298214 [210.104.247.129] 157 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 147 0 0 36 146 22 0 36 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 13 . . . À§´Â BIND 8.2¿¡¼­ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. 208719 time since boot (secs) 3396 time since reset (secs) BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÈÈÄ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¸®·ÎµåµÈ(HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀº) ÈÄ °æ°úµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. 3 Unknown query types ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ È½¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À߸øµÈ ±¸Çö¿¡ ±âÀÎÇϰųª, ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀԽõµ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 205739 A queries A Äõ¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÁúÀÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. 39 NS queries ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ¶§, NS Äõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸í½ÃÀû ¿äûÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 916 SOA queries SOA Äõ¸®´Â Secondary NS°¡ ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó º¯È­¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 802719 PTR queries Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ëµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸç A Äõ¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿äûµÈ´Ù. 19192 MX queries MX Äõ¸®´Â Sendmail°ú °°Àº MTA°¡ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. 2 TXT queries 15 AAAA queries TXT¿Í AAAA Äõ¸®´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº DNS ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÈ´Ù. 129 AXFR queries AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer ÇÒ ¶§ ¿äûµÇ¹Ç·Î, ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â Zone Transfer Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 29359 ANY queries Any Äõ¸®´Â ±Ù·¡ÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ A, MX, CNAME Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â °³º° È£½ºÆ®(Remote ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Stub Resolver)ÀÇ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. º¸Åë ÃÑ ÇÕÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â [Global] ÇÊµå ¾Æ·¡·Î ¼ö¹é ȤÀº ¼öõÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ³ª¿­µÇ´Âµ¥, °³º° ¼­¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ »Ó ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î [Global] Çʵ常ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °³º° È£½ºÆ®º° Åë°è´Â ¼Û/¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Åë°è¿¡¼­ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Áö¿¬°ú °°Àº)¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³º° È£½ºÆ® Åë°è¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * named.conf (BIND-8) options { host-statistics yes; }; Legend·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â ±¸ºÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, S(Sent)·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϴ°ÍÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ¼Û½ÅµÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, R(Received)Àº ¼ö½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¼ø¼­¿Í Á¾·ù´Â BINDÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RR(Sent us an answer) 447781 RQ(Sent us a query) 1058113 ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÀÀ´ä(Answer)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RRÀ̸ç, ÁúÀÇ(Question)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RQÀÌ´Ù. RRÀÌ RQ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, RR°ú RQÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿£ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. RNXD(Sent us a negative response) 164719 SNXD(Sent them a negative response) 298214 RNXD´Â ¿äûÇÑ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. SNXD´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇßÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. RFwdR(Sent us a response we had to fwd) 227112 SFwdR(Forwarded a response to them) 227112 RFwdQ(Sent us a query we had to forward) 337570 SFwdQ(Forwarded a query to them) 337570 ResolverÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº °á°ú¸¦ Resolver¿¡°Ô ÅëÁöÇϴµ¥, RFwdRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº Äõ¸®(RR)Áß Æ÷¿öµùÇÒ Äõ¸®ÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ°í, SFwdRÀº ½ÇÁ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ Äõ¸® °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î RFwdQ´Â ResolverÀÇ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷¿öµù ¿äûÀ̸ç, SFwdQ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. RDupR(Sent us an extra answer) 869 RDupQ(Sent us a retry) 190 SDupQ(Sent them a retry) 294284 ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î TimeoutÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ°Å³ª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àå¾Ö µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò·Î È£½ºÆ®°£ ÆÐŶ ¼Û/¼ö½Å¿¡ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì, È£½ºÆ®°£¿¡ Áߺ¹µÈ(Retry) Äõ¸® ¿äûÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RDupRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î Àü¼ÛÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ ÀÀ´ä([±×¸² 6]ÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Âü°í) Ƚ¼öÀ̸ç, RDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ(ÇØ´ç ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Ìó ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÁúÀÇ) Ƚ¼öÀÌ°í, SDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®·Î ¿äûÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. RFail(Sent us a SERVFAIL) 5176 SFail(Sent them a SERVFAIL) 90 RFailÀº È£½ºÆ®(Remote)ÀÇ À߸øµÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼³Á¤, ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´ç ¿À·ù, SecondaryÀÏ °æ¿ì ExpireµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ±âÀÎÇÑ SERVFAIL ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SFailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ß¼ÛµÈ SERVFAIL ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù. RFErr(Sent us a FORMERR) 0 SFErr(Sent them a FORMERR) 0 RFErrÀº ¼ö½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. FORMERR ÀÀ´äÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ º¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. SFErrÀº ¹Ý´ë·Î ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼Û½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÐŶÀü¼Û¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ º» µÎ °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ´Ù. RErr(Sent us some other error) 245 SErr(Sent failed) 8122 ¼ö½ÅµÈ SERVFAIL °ú FORMERR ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö½Å/¼Û½Å ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â RErr/SErr¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. RAXFR(Sent us an AXFR) 125 AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. °³º° È£½ºÆ® Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ º» Çʵ尡 0 ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ Secondary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. RLame(Sent us a lame delegation) 170586 À§ÀÓµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß ¸î¸î¿¡´ëÇØ Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì º» °ªÀº 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áï ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª Primary ȤÀº Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ROpts(Sent us some IP options) 0 IP ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì, ROpts°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. SSysQ(Sent them a sysquery) 33963 ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸® Àü¼ÛȽ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸®´Â ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©) Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. RIQ(Sent us an inverse query) 0 RIQ´Â ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Reserve Domain ¿äû Ƚ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸, ±Ù·¡ÀÇ BIND¿¡¼­´Â PTR queries·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ RIQ´Â Ç×»ó 0ÀÌ´Ù. RTCP(Sent us a query using TCP) 0 RTCP´Â TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÁúÀÇ È½¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Äõ¸®´Â UDP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Û/¼ö½ÅµÇ¹Ç·Î º» °ªÀº 0À» °®°Å³ª, ºñÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼öÄ¡¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. SAns(Sent them an answer) 720395 SNaAns(Sent them a non-autoritative answer) 228616 SAns´Â ¿äûµÈ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϸç, °á°ú°¡ ij½¬¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â SNaAns°¡ Ä«¿îÆ®µÈ´Ù. 6.5. BIND Bebugging Output BINDÀÇ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸ÞÀÎÅͳͽºÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÇöÀ» »ý°¢Çϰųª BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±»ÀÌ À̸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ BIND¸¦ Á»´õ ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±× ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ¸¹Àº Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÁ¤º¸¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. # kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc trace') # ping www.openbsd.org. # kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc notrace') # ls -al /var/named/named.run -rw-r--r-- 1 root bin 1153 Mar 10 00:30 named.run BIND´Â USR1 ½Ã±×³ÎÀº ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹¹úÀ» ÇѴܰ辿 ³ô¿©°¡´Âµ¥, ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§Àº Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº /var/named/named.run ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀâÇû´Ù°í ÆǴܵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ USR2 ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. BIND µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±â·ÏµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶§·Ð ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã߸®´Âµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àγ»½ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. BINDÀÇ ÃʱâÈ­ °úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é 'named -d 1 &'°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆýà Ŀ¸Çµå¶óÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. datagram from [210.105.79.6].3442, fd 21, len 33; ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ® '210.105.79.6'¿¡¼­ Æ÷Æ® 3442¹øÀ¸·Î ±æÀÌ 33 byteÀÇ UDP ÆÐŶÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ 6¹øÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅͶõ ¼­¹ö IP ÁÖ¼Ò(ÆÐŶÀ» listen ÇÏ´Â)¿¡ boundµÈ ¼ÒÄÏ Çڵ鷯¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. req: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) id 28375 type=1 class=1 ¿äûµÈ datagramÀº 'www.openbsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ(req)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ŭ·¡½º IN(class=1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ A(type=1) ·¹ÄÚµå ¿äûÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎ ±¸ºÐ¹øÈ£´Â 28375·Î ¸Å°ÜÁ³´Ù. req: missed 'www.openbsd.org' as '' (cname=0) ¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ½(³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Authority¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ij½¬¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 'cname=0'´Â 'www.openbsd.org'°¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸»Çϴµ¥, ¹°·Ð Áö±Ý ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â BIND°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ CNAME ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, º» °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â CNAMEÀÌ °¡¸£Å°´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ë½Å ã´Â´Ù. forw: forw -> [198.41.0.10].53 ds=23 nsid=19461 id=28375 5ms retry 4sec ÀÚü lookup¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ datagram from [198.41.0.10].53, fd 21, len 449; ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19461 ;; flags: qr; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 12, Addit: 12 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN ;; AUTHORITY RECORDS: ORG. 518400 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ORG. 518400 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ORG. 518400 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 198.41.0.4 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.36.148.17 K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 518400 IN A 195.8.99.11 ÀÀ´äÀÌ delegation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ÌÀÏ °æ¿ì °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. °á°ú´Â ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1 ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã´Â´Ù. resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'org' (cname=0) resp: forw -> [195.8.99.11].53 ds=23 nsid=19462 id=28375 1ms ¿Ïº®ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ORG ·¹º§¿¡¼­ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, datagram from [195.8.99.11].53, fd 21, len 219; ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19462 ;; flags: qr rd; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 5, Addit: 3 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN ;; AUTHORITY RECORDS: OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS ZEUS.THEOS.COM. OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS CVS.OPENBSD.org. OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS NS.SIGMASOFT.COM. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: ZEUS.THEOS.COM. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.1 CVS.OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.3 NS.SIGMASOFT.COM. 172800 IN A 209.249.129.35 µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1 resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'openbsd.org' (cname=0) ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ã´Â °úÁ¤ Áß, 'openbsd.org.' ·¹º§ÀÇ À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. resp: forw -> [199.185.137.3].53 ds=23 nsid=19467 id=28375 22ms datagram from [199.185.137.3].53, fd 21, len 272; ÀÀ´ä(A)À» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. (µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§ 1¿¡¼­´Â À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °á°úÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù) send_msg -> [210.105.79.6].3442 (UDP 21) id=28375 ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °Ë»öµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, 28375 Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¸®°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. 7. DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸ 7.1. NSLOOKUP ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇغ¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ±âº» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â nslookupÀº dig¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸·Î½á, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀúÀÇ ±âº» ¹«±âÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. $ nslookup Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 > exit nslookupÀº ½ÇÇàÈÄ ´ëÈ­Çü ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ® '>'¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. 'nslookup'Àº BIND¿Í ´Þ¸® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¸À» ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Default NS -> Timeout -> Error'¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. 7.1.1. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÏ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò(in-addr.arpa)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â PTR ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. 'set type=RR' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î A ·¹ÄÚµå ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ÇÇÑ °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, RR(Resource Record)¿¡´Â A,ANY,CNAME,HINFO,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,TXT µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ANY´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂÇ϶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. > www.kr.freebsd.org. # IP °Ë»ö Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39 > ftp.kr.freebsd.org. Name: www.kr.freebsd.org # ftp´Â wwwÀÇ CNAME Address: 150.183.110.39 Aliases: ftp.kr.freebsd.org > 150.183.110.39 # µµ¸ÞÀÎ °Ë»ö Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39 > set type=MX # MX ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö > kr.freebsd.org. kr.freebsd.org preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.kr.freebsd.org > set type=NS # NS ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö > kr.freebsd.org. # µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2 ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3 > 46.102.39.in-addr.arpa. # Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2 ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3 7.1.2. ±âº» Äõ¸® ¼­¹ö º¯°æ nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î recurse ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Ð ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®´Â ƯÁ¤ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿© Authoritative ÀÀ´ä(³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 'server', 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¸í·ÉÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò(Äõ¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)¸¦ ãÀ» ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹öÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, 'server'´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ°í, »ç¿ëÇÔÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. 'lserver'¸í·ÉÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§Äª ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§ÄªÇÏ·Á Çϴµ¥, ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ. $ nslookup Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 nslookup ±¸µ¿½ÃÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÌ 'lserver' ¸í·É¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø NSÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö°¡ µÈ´Ù. > server ns.jp.freebsd.org. # ±âº» ¼­¹ö º¯°æ Default Server: ns.jp.freebsd.org Address: 199.100.7.25 > server ns.nobreak.com. *** Can't find address for server ns.nobreak.com: Non-existent host/domain ns.jp.freebsd.org¸¦ ÅëÇØ ns.nobreak.comÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̶§¿¡´Â ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. > lserver ns.nobreak.com. Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§´Â, °£´ÜÈ÷ 'root' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. > root Default Server: a.root-servers.net Address: 198.41.0.4 7.1.3. ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱ⠳×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ResolverÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸç, ¿©·¯ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çϴµ¥, nslookupÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÎÅͳݻ󿡼­ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öµé °£¿¡´Â ¾î¶² »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. [Image] [±×¸² 7] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ 1. > set norecurse # Iterative ¸ðµå·Î Àüȯ > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 128.63.2.53 ORG - B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 128.9.0.107 ORG ... 2. > server h.root-servers.net. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: h.root-servers.net Address: 128.63.2.53 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - WHO.CDROM.COM 204.216.27.3 FREEBSD.ORG - NS1.CRL.COM 165.113.1.36 FREEBSD.ORG - NS2.CRL.COM 165.113.61.37 FREEBSD.ORG 3. > server who.cdrom.com. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: who.cdrom.com Address: 204.216.27.3 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - ns.kr.freebsd.org 150.183.110.2 kr.freebsd.org - ns2.kr.freebsd.org 150.183.110.3 kr.freebsd.org 4. > server ns.kr.freebsd.org. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: ns.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.2 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39 7.1.4. Zone Transfer ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹»çº»À» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ, Primary·ÎºÎÅÍ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ²ø¾î¿À´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Zone Transfer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁÖ·Î Secondary NS Ãø¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¶§¶§·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ȤÀº ZoneÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼öµ¿À¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Zone Transfer´Â Authority¸¦ °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, nslookup »ó¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç NS·Î ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æÇÑÈÄ, 'ls' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. > server ns.kr.freebsd.org. > ls -t A kr.freebsd.org # A ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â kr.freebsd.org. server = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org. server = ns2.kr.freebsd.org mail 150.183.110.32 mqueue 150.183.110.33 www 150.183.110.39 www2 150.183.110.40 > ls -d kr.freebsd.org # ¸ðµç ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â kr.freebsd.org. SOA ns.nobreak.com hostmaster.kr.freebsd.org. (1999031501 21600 1800 1209600 86400) kr.freebsd.org. NS ns.nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org. NS ns2.nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org. MX 10 mail.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org. MX 20 mqueue.kr.freebsd.org cvsup CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org mail A 150.183.110.32 mqueue A 150.183.110.33 ftp CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org ftp2 CNAME www2.kr.freebsd.org ftp3 CNAME ftp.free.nobreak.com www A 150.183.110.39 www HINFO Pentium-200 FreeBSD 2.2.8 www TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group" www2 A 150.183.110.40 www2 HINFO Pentium-133MHz FreeBSD 2.2.8 www2 TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group" > ls -t MX kr.freebsd.org > MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀå > view MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë È®ÀÎ BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì 'named-xfer'¶ó´Â ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ Zone Transfer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ìÀÇ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. secondary kr.freebsd.org 210.105.79.2 sec-kr.freebsd.org BIND´Â 'secondary' ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸¸³ª¸é ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. loop(Interval == TTL) { named-xfer -z kr.freebsd.org -f /var/named/sec-kr.freebsd.org -s Current_Serial 210.105.79.2 switch ( $? ) { // 'named-xfer'´Â ȯ°æ º¯¼ö '$?'¿¡ °á°ú¸¦ º¹±ÍÇÔ case 0 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °°À½, Zone Transfer°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½ case 1 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½, Zone Transfer°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÊ case 2 : ERROR; // ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½ // ȤÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ½ case 3 : ERROR: // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇ À¯Áö } primary kr.freebsd.org sec-kr.freebsd.org } º¸¾ÈÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Çã¶ôµÈ °÷(¿¹: Secondary NS's IP)¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Primary NSÀÇ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. (Zone Transfer¸¸À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º° Äõ¸®´Â Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù) xfrnets 210.105.79.3&255.255.255.255 210.105.80.128&255.255.255.128 ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-4ÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¹Àε¥, IP 210.105.79.3°ú 210.105.80.129-254 ¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â °³º° IP¿Í ¼­ºê³ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø ºí·°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ``IP&Mask''ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇϸç, Ŭ·¡½º Àüü¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ '210.105.79.0'°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù. options { allow-transfer { localnets; 210.105.79.3; }; }; BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í, 210.105.79.3¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. localnets´Â ¿¹¾à¾îÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â any, none, localhost °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 7.1.5. ÃʱâÈ­ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc' nslookupÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã '~/.nslookuprc' ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸé, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å¹ø ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, º» ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °£ÆíÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù. * .nslookuprc ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹ set type=NS set nosearch set debug 7.2. DIG Dig(Domain Information Groper)ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¶±Ý¸¸ ¤¾îº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. »ó¼¼ÇÏ¿©, Shell Scriptµî¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ns.kornet.ne.krÀ» ÅëÇØ www.nobreak.comÀÇ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. $ dig [@³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö] µµ¸ÞÀÎ [Äõ¸®Å¸ÀÔ] [+Äõ¸®¿É¼Ç] $ dig @ns.kornet.ne.kr www.nobreak.com A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.nobreak.com. 16h12m36s IN CNAME ns.nobreak.com. ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ns.nobreak.com. nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ns2.nobreak.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2 ns2.nobreak.com. 1d1h46m58s IN A 210.105.79.3 DIG´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ANSWER SECTION¿¡, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸¸¦ AUTHORITY SECTION¿¡, ±×¸®°í, ±Û·ç·¹ÄÚµå µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ±×¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ADDITIONAL SECTION¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. 7.3. DNSWALK Dnswalk´Â Perl·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î½á Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â MX, PTRÀÌ ¾ø´Â A, À߸øµÈ CNAME, À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À̸§¹®ÀÚ, ´©¶ôµÈ Æ®·¹Àϸµ µµÆ®, ºÒÇʿ䳪 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå, Lame Delegation µî Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ¹Ìó ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. DnswalkÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÁ¯Àº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. o $ dnswalk -raFl freebsd.org. Checking freebsd.org. Getting zone transfer of freebsd.org. from ns2.iafrica.com...done. SOA=implode.root.com contact=hostmaster.freebsd.org FAIL: Cannot get SOA record for pt.freebsd.org from zeus.ci.ua.pt (lame?): Connection refused BAD: lv.freebsd.org NS ns.fasts.com: lame NS delegation BAD: eu.freebsd.org NS server.zsb.th-darmstadt.de: unknown host WARN: irc3.freebsd.org CNAME irc.nocturnal.net: CNAME (to nocturnal.net) WARN: ns.th.freebsd.org A 203.154.230.20: no PTR record WARN: irc2.freebsd.org CNAME va.i-Plus.net: unknown host 1 failures, 3 warnings, 1 errors. Dnswalk´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Zone Transfer ÇÑ ÈÄ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Dig¿Í Resolver ·çƾÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. DelegationµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇѹøÂë »ç¿ëÇغ½Á÷ ÇÏ´Ù. 8. Miscellaneous 8.1. FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name) FQDNÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â¹ýÀ» ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Ä¡ Áß µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé, 'YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ FQDNÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Namespace °èÃþ»ó¿¡¼­ ÃÖÁ¾ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. www(È£½ºÆ®¸í), yahoo.com.(µµ¸ÞÀθí), www.yahoo.com.(FQDN) ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³¡¿¡ µµÆ®('.' ·çÆ® µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸Åë µµÆ®¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 8.2. DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀڷνá, ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ½±°Ô Ç®¾îº¸¸é, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â °¢°¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °èÃþ»óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® Resolver´Â ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ»êµÈ ÀÚ·áÁß ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ÀÌ °ÍÀ» DNS ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â Berkeley Internet Name DomainÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸鼭, '¿öÅ©¸Ç'À̶õ ´Ü¾îó·³ DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ĪÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆõǾú°í, °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. 8.3. BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö BIND´Â 1999³â 1¿ù ÇöÀç BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 1998³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹öÀü 4.9.7ÀÌ ¸±¸®ÁîµÇ¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ BIND-4 °¡Áö´Â ¸¶°¨µÇ¾ú°í, BIND-8 °¡Áö´Â ÇöÀç 8.2¸¦ ¸±¸®ÁîÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-8Àº RFC2136, RFC1996À» ¼ö·ÅÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò°ú º¸¾ÈÀÌ Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ¾î ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ Å×Áö¸¸, ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú¿Í OS º¥´õ°¡ ¿À·£±â°£ °ËÁõµÈ BIND-4¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, µÎ °¡Áö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ »ó´ç±â°£ °øÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÁÖ È帧Àº BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º¯È­ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ named.boot ÀÌ°í, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â named.conf ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛ¼º ¹æ¹ýµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ Zone ÆÄÀÏ°ú ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ µîÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, BIND-4¿¡¼­ BIND-8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÁ¹öÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á·ÇÏ´Ù. 8.4. Public Domain º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̶ó Çϸé ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º °¡Áö »ó¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ© µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿©µµ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ Á÷Á¢ resolvingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Æó¼â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç³»¿¡¼­ º¸¾ÈµîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °£È¤ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. 8.5. CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº DNS Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. A ·¹Äڵ常À» »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °ü·Ã ÀڷḶ´Ù 'µÈ´Ù/¾ÈµÈ´Ù' ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ°í, Ãʱâ RFC¿¡¼­´Â À̸¦ ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, BIND implementationÀº À̸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¾È È®´ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ À̴ Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ AliasingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ°í ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼öÁ¤À» Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ³»¿ªÀ» Æı޽ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ý(MX, SOA, NSµîÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Í)¸¸ ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é CNAMEÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. 8.6. Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¸é ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. 1. TABÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿­À» ¸ÂÃá´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºüÁø ·¹Äڵ带 ã´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. 2. TTL °ªµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÃÊ´ÜÀ§¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î ±âÀÔÇÑ´Ù. 3. È£½ºÆ® Á¤ÀÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¸ðµÎ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. ftp IN MX mail www IN CNAME power ftp.nobreak.com. IN MX mail.nobreak.com. www.nobreak.com. IN CNAME power.nobreak.com. ȤÀº ÁÂÃøÀº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ¿ìÃø¿£ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á»´õ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ°í ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ftp IN MX mail.nobreak.com. www IN CNAME power.nobreak.com. 4. °¡´ÉÇϸé, ¾ËÆĺª ¼ø¼­´ë·Î ³ª¿­ÇÏ¿©, Áߺ¹ Á¤ÀǵǴ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. 8.7. ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå (Glue Record) ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â A ·¹Äڵ带 ¸»Çϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 150.183.110.2 ; ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼­ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö NS¿¡¼­ ±Û·Î ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ IP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. ; (X) Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2 nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.kr.freebsd.org. ; (O) ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë À̸¦ Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå¶ó Çϸç, Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å°Ü°¡°Å³ª ¾ø¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. 8.8. Lame Delegation Lame delegationÀ̶õ Namespace »ó¿¡¼­ ±ú¾îÁø ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. nms.nobreak.com IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °®À¸³ª, µÎ ¼­¹ö Áß Çϳª ȤÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, Áï Primary, Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ Lame delegation¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù. 8.9. Name Server´Â ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Namespace¸¦ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ºü¸£°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Resolving½Ã ¾òÀº TTL(Time To Live) ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸ À¯È¿ÇÏ°í, TTL °æ°úÈÄ¿¡´Â ÆıâµÈ´Ù. 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Bibliography 1. Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu, ``DNS and BIND 3rd Edition'', O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-512-2, Sep 1998 2. Paul Albitz, Matt Larson & Cricket Liu, ``DNS on Windows NT'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-511-4, Oct 1998 3. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail 2nd Edition'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-222-0, Jan 1997 4. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail Desktop Reference'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-278-6, Mar 1997 5. H. Eidnes, G. de Groot & P. Vixie, "Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation", RFC2317, Mar 1998 6. M. Andrews, ``Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)'', RFC2308, Mar 1998 7. O. Vaughan, ``A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation'', RFC2240, Nov 1997 8. M. Hamilton, ``Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services'', RFC2219, Oct 1997 9. R. Elz, R. Bush & S. Bradner, "Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers", RFC2182, Jul 1997 10. S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter & J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC2136, Apr 1997 11. P. Vixie, "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC1996, Aug 1996 12. C. Everhart, L. Mamakos & R. Ullmann, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC1183, Oct 1990 13. P. Mockapetris, "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", RFC1035, Nov 1987 14. P. Mockapetris, ``Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities'', RFC1034, Nov 1987 15. M. Lottor, ``Domain Administrators Operations Guide'', RFC1033, Nov 1987 16. M. Stahl, ``Domain Administrators Guide'', RFC1032, Nov 1987