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±è½Â¿µ nobreak@hongik.com
3rd Edition, ÃÖÁ¾¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 1999³â 9¿ù 17ÀÏ, Revision 3.2
À߸ø ¾²¿©Áø ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾à°£ÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ¿© ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñâ
¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Áö½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇϴµ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ
µË´Ï´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤º»Àº ¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È°¿ëÇϼŵµ
ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
______________________________________________________________________
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1. Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ
1.1 DNS Namespace
1.2 µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving
1.3 µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2)
2. Name Server ¿î¿µ
2.1 Name Server À¯Çü
2.2 BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¼³Ä¡
2.3 ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Public Domain) ½Åû
2.4 ¹ö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Inverse Domain) ½Åû
2.5 Name Server ¼³Á¤
2.5.1 BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot
2.5.2 BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.conf
2.5.3 Forward & Reverse Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º
2.5.3.1 SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority)
2.5.3.2 NS(Name Server) ·¹ÄÚµå
2.5.3.3 A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå
2.5.3.4 MX(Mail eXchanger) ·¹ÄÚµå
2.5.3.5 PTR(Pointer) ·¹ÄÚµå
2.5.3.6 ±âŸ ·¹ÄÚµåµé
2.5.3.7 Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample
2.5.3.8 È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample
2.6 Name Server ±¸µ¿
2.7 µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
3. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(Resolver) ¼³Á¤
3.1 Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤
3.2 Microsoft Windows ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤
4. µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ (Domain Parenting & Delegation)
4.1 ºÎ¸ð Zone¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ý¼º
4.2 ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ
4.3 ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ
4.4 Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ (Âü°í: RFC2317)
5. DNS¿Í Sendmail
5.1 MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò
5.2 MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®
5.3 MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5)
5.4 Nonrecursive MX lookup
5.5 SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤
5.5.1 m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º
5.5.2 Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º
5.5.3 Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º
5.5.4 Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè
6. BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö
6.1 BIND ½Ã±×³Î
6.2 BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé
6.3 BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé
6.4 BIND Statistics
6.5 BIND Bebugging Output
7. DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸
7.1 NSLOOKUP
7.1.1 µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö
7.1.2 ±âº» Äõ¸® ¼¹ö º¯°æ
7.1.3 ³×ÀÓ ¼¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ
7.1.4 Zone Transfer
7.1.5 ÃʱâÈ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc'
7.2 DIG
7.3 DNSWALK
8. Miscellaneous
8.1 FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)
8.2 DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
8.3 BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö
8.4 Public Domain
8.5 CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ
8.6 Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ
8.7 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå (Glue Record)
8.8 Lame Delegation
8.9 'Authoritative answer'¿Í 'Non-authoritative answer'
8.10 Positive & Negative Caching
8.11 Iterative(Nonrecursive) & Recursive ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
8.12 RTT(Round Trip Time)°ú Nameserver ¼±ÅÃ
8.13 ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå (Âü°í RFC1034 p25)
8.14 Serial Number Á¶Á¤
8.15 IP º¯µ¿¿¡ µû¸¥ TTL Á¶Á¤
8.16 ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯ (Load Sharing Between Mirrored Servers)
9. Bibliography
______________________________________________________________________
1. Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ
Domain Name SystemÀ̶õ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿©ÁÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºÐ»ê
³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP(Internet Protocol), ±×¸®°í
IPÀÇ »óÀ§¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ³Ý½ºÄÉÀÌÇÁ °°Àº ÀÀ¿ëµéÀº 210.105.79.103 °ú °°ÀÌ
Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ±â°èÀÔÀå¿¡¼±
Çؼ®Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾ïÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼ºñ½º À¯ÇüÀ»
¿¹ÃøÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ µµÀÔ ½ÃÀýÀÎ ARPANET ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ
IP Address¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº
½ÃÇàÂø¿À´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ DNS ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ARPANET ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â¿¡ NIC(Network Information
Center)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤ Áֱ⸶´Ù È£½ºÆ® ¸í´Ü ÆÄÀÏ(HOSTS.TXT)À» ¹Þ¾Æ
/etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È£½ºÆ®
¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó »õ·Î¿î À̸§ ¸í¸í üÁ¦ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, 1983³â
Paul Mockapetris°¡ RFC882, RFC883(ÇöÀç´Â RFC1034·Î ´ëüµÊ)¿¡ »õ·Î¿î
¸í¸í üÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸ÇöÀ» °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, Å©°Ô ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶,
ºÐ»ê µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º, Email ¶ó¿ìÆà °³¼±À» ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À¸·Î DNS°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.
1.1. DNS Namespace
ARPANETÀÇ Áß¾Ó °ü¸® üÁ¦¿¡¼´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µéÀ»
°ü¸®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, DNS¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î Æ®¸®È ÇÏ¿© [±×¸² 1]°ú
°°Àº ÇüÅ·Π°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 1] Namespace ¿¹Á¦
µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥, Root domain(µµÆ®·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â)Àº
Top level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦, Top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ±× ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡
°üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯Áö/°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶·Î
ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸´Â °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö(NS:Name Server)·Î ºÐ»ê, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù.
¿¹·Î YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº COM ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, WWW.YAHOO.COMÀº
YAHOO.COM ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ µî·Ï, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ AV.YAHOO.COMÀ» µî·ÏÇϱâ
À§Çؼ´Â YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ °ü·Ã ·¹Äڵ常À»
¼öÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§ÀÓ±¸Á¶´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
°ü¸®¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
1.2. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving
[Image]
[±×¸² 2] µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Resolving
Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ TCP/IP ÆÐŶ¿£ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼
µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷(Resolving)À» ¼±ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, [±×¸² 2]´Â
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Resolving °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
1. Client»óÀÇ ÀÀ¿ëÀÌ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Local Name
Server(TCP/IP ¼³Á¤½Ã ¸í½ÃÇÑ)¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
2. Local NS´Â ¸ÕÀú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö
¾ÊÀ»½Ã Root NS(Root NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº °®°íÀÖ´Ù)¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
Root NSµµ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'ÀÇ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯À» º¸³»ÁØ´Ù.
3. Local NS´Â ´Ù½Ã COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁö°í, COM NS´Â ´Ù½Ã YAHOO.COMÀÇ
NS¸¦ ÀÏ·¯ÁØ´Ù. (·çÆ®(µµÆ®)¿Í COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Root NS¿¡¼ °°ÀÌ °ü¸®µÇ±â
¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î º» °úÁ¤Àº ÀϾÁö ¾Ê°í (2)¹ø¿¡¼ ¹Ù·Î YAHOO.COM NS¸¦
Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.)
4. Local NS´Â YAHOO.COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. YAHOO.COM NS´Â ¼ºêµµ¸ÞÀο¡
´ëÇÑ ÀڷḦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ NS À̹ǷÎ, answer) ÇÑ´Ù. (½ÇÁ¦
'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP¸¦ resolving ÇÏ¸é ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡
³Ñ¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼¹ö·Î
¿î¿µµÇ°í, ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿´±â
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Âü°í: "¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯")
5. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Local NS´Â Client¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
1.3. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2)
¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀüºÎ ¼ýÀÚ¿©¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. (Ãʱâ
[RFC1035]¿¡¼´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸,
[RFC1123 p12]¿¡¼ ¿ÏȵǾî 3com.com °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù.)
¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÇÂÀÌ ¾Õ/µÚ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °¢ ¹®ÀÚ¿(Each
segment)Àº ÃÖ°í 63 ´Ü¾î(octet)±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç(NIC¿¡¼´Â 12´Ü¾î ÀÌÇÏ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå), ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.
µ¡ºÙ¿©, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº µî·Ï±â°ü(KRNIC, INTERNIC µî)¿¡ µû¶ó, Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÑ
±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. KRNICÀº ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ 63ÀÚ±îÁö Ç®¾îÁÖÁö¸¸, INTERNIC¿¡¼´Â ¼ýÀÚ·Î
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ°í, ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®°¡ 22ÀÚ·Î Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.
Âü°í·Î µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î Email¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î RFC822 ±ÔÄ¢µµ
ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö
¾ÕÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» Æ÷¿ëÇϹǷÎ, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°Ú´Ù.
(Á¦À۵Ǵ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ ±Ô°Ýº¸´Ù È®ÀåµÇ°í À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î
½ÇÁ¦ ¼ýÀڷθ¸ µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(¿¹:411.com)µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ À§¹èµÇ´Â
°ÍÀº ¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼ Åë¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù)
2. Name Server ¿î¿µ
2.1. Name Server À¯Çü
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â Primary, Secondary, Cache only server·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.
Primary server´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÌ°í, Secondary
server´Â ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ back-up copy¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¼¹öÀÌ´Ù.
Secondary´Â Primary°¡ ºñÁ¤»ó ¿îÇàµÉ ¶§¿Í ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ
¿î¿ëÇϸç, ´Ù¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â
Primary, Secondary ¼¹ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, Secondary´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Ð ¿ÜºÎ
³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÄÑ Á¤Àü µîÀÇ »çÅ·ΠPrimary°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿î¿µÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ÃÖ¼Ò 2´ë(Primary * 1, Secondary *
n) ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.(±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Primary ¸¸À¸·Îµµ ¿î¿µÀÌ
°¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼´Â Primary¿Í Secondary°¡ ±¸ºÐµÇÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
Cache only server´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°í,
resolving¸¸À» ó¸®ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, º»»ç¿Í Áö»ç°¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ È¸»çÀÇ Primary,
Secondary Name server°¡ ¸ðµÎ º»»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, Áö»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ
³×Æ®¿öÅ© À¯ÀúµéÀº Local DNS server°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì µµ¸ÞÀÎ
resolvingÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(º»»ç)·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î
¾à°£ÀÇ µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÇ¸ç, º»»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ´ÜÀý µÇ¾úÀ»½Ã Áö»çµµ
½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§ Áö»ç¿¡ Cache
only server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϸé È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2.2. BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¼³Ä¡
Name server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¼¹öÃø µ¥¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô
µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁß BIND´Â db ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀÌ ¼Õ½±°í Ç¥ÁØÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ µû¸¥ °ËÁõµÈ
µµ±¸·Î¼ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â
BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. /usr/sbin µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ in.named ȤÀº named°¡
Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
¼³Ä¡µÈ BINDÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (BIND°¡ µ¿ÀÛÁßÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÔ)
$ dig @ns.nobreak.com txt chaos version.bind. | grep VERSION
VERSION.BIND. 0S CHAOS TXT "8.2"
¿¡¼ BINDÀÇ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í,
¹öÀüÂ÷ÀÌ°¡ ¸¹°Å³ª ÇöÀç ¹öÀü¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¾÷±×·¹À̵带
°í·ÁÇÏ°í, BIND-4°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, BIND-8·Î ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î
È帧¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇϴ°͵µ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.
BINDÀÇ ¼³Ä¡´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¿¡¼
ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ³»·Á¹Þ¾Æ, ¾ÐÃàÀ» ǬÈÄ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀÌ ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù.
# make clean depend all install
±×¸®°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ rc ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýà BIND°¡
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. (FreeBSD: /etc/rc.conf,
/etc/rc.network | Solaris: /etc/init.d/inetsvc | Linux
/etc/rc.d/init.d/named)
Windows NT, OS/2, MacOS µî¿¡¼ BIND¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦
Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
o
o
2.3. ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Public Domain) ½Åû
Primary, Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÁغñµÇ¾ú°í, ½ÅûÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ
°áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü¸® ±â°ü(``YourDomain.COM''Àº Internic,
YourDomain.CO.KRÀº Krnic)¿¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ½ÅûÇÏ¿© ¹ß±Þ(³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡
¸µÅ©) ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½Åû¾ç½ÄÀº ±â°ü¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÏÁö¸¸
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë±â°ü, Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, °ü¸®ÀÚ, °áÁ¦ÀÚ , ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸°¡
¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ½Åû µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸µÅ©Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
2. Complete Domain Name.......: NOBREAK.COM
7a. Primary Server Hostname....: NS.NOBREAK.COM
7b. Primary Server Netaddress..: 210.105.79.2
8a. Secondary Server Hostname..: NS2.NOBREAK.COM
8b. Secondary Server Netaddress: 210.105.79.3
``NOBREAK.COM''ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µî·Ï ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=ns nobreak.com
Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 0.0.0.0
nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com
ns.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ½ÅûÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù¸é, µî·ÏÀÌ
¹Ù¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
*** local.name.server can't find nobreak.com.: Non-existent host/domain
"µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀ» ½ÅûÇϴµ¥ ¾î¶»°Ô ±× ÇϺο¡ ÀÖ´Â NS.NOBREAK.COM,
NS2.NOBREAK.COMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?" "NS.NOBREAK.COMÀº NOBREAK.COM
µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½ÅûÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ ÈÄ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö
¾Ê½À´Ï±î?"¶ó´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ µé ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¾î¶² µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î
À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸´Â »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå'')
2.4. ¹ö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Inverse Domain) ½Åû
Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ªÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â
¼ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ISP(Internet Service Provider)¿¡¼ IP¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀ» ¶§
°°ÀÌ ½ÅûÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ in-
addr.arpa ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=ns 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (C Class 210.105.79.x¸¦ ÇÒ´ç ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì)
Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 0.0.0.0
79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com
ns.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3
¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
*** ns.nobreak.com can't find 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.: Non-existent host/domain
2.5. Name Server ¼³Á¤
[±×¸² 3]Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ ÀÌ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 3] ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿£ ¼¹ö°¡ 3´ë ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. DNS¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ
¹Ì¸® °¢ ¼¹ö¿¡ È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ns(primary),
ns2(secondary)¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, IP 1(ÇÒÇÁ·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿£
129)À» ¶ó¿ìÅÍ È¤Àº ½ºÀ§Ä¡, 2¸¦ NS, 3À» NS2¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ
NOBREAK.COMÀº ¾Õ¼ Internic¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, NS.NOBREAK.COM,
NS2.NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
2.5.1. BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot
BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot´Â BIND ½Ãµ¿½Ã ÂüÁ¶µÇ¸ç, ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸óÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î
Çϴ ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¿Í ¿î¿µÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Primary/Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ
±â¼úµÈ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/named.boot¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
À¯´Ð½º ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸é ½Ãµ¿½Ã BIND¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î
±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 1¿ ¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç
';'Àº ÁÖ¼®À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
directory /var/named
°æ·Î´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ º£À̽º °æ·Î·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼
ÆÄÀϵéÀº º» °æ·Î¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ó´ë°æ·Î Ç¥±âÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿©±â¼´Â /var/named
µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» º£À̽º °æ·Î´Â
/var/named, /etc/named ȤÀº /etc/namedb ÀÌ´Ù.)
cache . named.root
cache ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸» ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ Ä³½¬°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. BIND´Â Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·çÆ®
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÃßÀûÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º»
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. '/var/named/named.root'¿Í °°ÀÌ º£À̽º
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù.
ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀº Internic¿¡¼ ¹èÆ÷Çϸç,
¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ·çÆ®
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ¼öÁ¤µÇÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ¹Ù²î±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸î ´Þ¿¡
Çѹø¾¿Àº ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ CronÀ¸·Î Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î
¼öÇàÇØ Ä³½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
primary nobreak.com zone-nobreak.com
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹´Â
nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ º» ¼¹ö°¡ Primary À̸ç, µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀº
/var/named/zone-nobreak.com ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
secondary nobreak.com 210.105.79.2 sec-nobreak.com
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary
³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ°í, ³× ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary¿¡¼ Àü¼Û ¹ÞÀº zone
ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÉ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ´Ù. 210.105.79.2·ÎºÎÅÍ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û(Zone Transfer)¹Þ¾Æ /var/named/sec-nobreak.com·Î
°ü¸®ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ
directory /var/named
cache . named.root
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ; loopback
primary 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa ; Reverse ZONE
primary nobreak.com zone-nobreak.com ; Forward ZONE
loopback ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'primary
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ...'¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¶´Ù °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×
´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀº C Class IP ºí¶ô 210.105.79¿Í µµ¸ÞÀÎ
¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ
directory /var/named
cache . named.root
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
secondary 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa 210.105.79.2 sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
secondary nobreak.com 210.105.79.2 sec-nobreak.com
Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. loopbackÀº Primary·Î ³õ¾ÆµÐ´Ù.
SecondaryÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. (/var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-
addr.arpa´Â ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÔ)
Secondary´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û¹Þ¾Æ,
sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, sec-nobreak.comÀ¸·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
2.5.2. BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.conf
BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ °ü·Ã ÆÄÀÏ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÁß À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹Ù·Î
ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸¼ºÀº BIND-4¿Í
ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Ãß°¡ È®ÀåµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, À̸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ
Ãß°¡»çÇ×À» ¼Õ½±°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀÌ º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í
±¸¹öÁ¯ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°úÀÇ È¥µ¿À» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ named.conf·Î ¸®³×ÀÓ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¾î¶»°Ô º¸¸é C ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¹®¹ý°ú ¸Å¿ì Èí»çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤À» Á»´õ
¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾úÀ» »Ó, BIND-4ÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú Å©°Ô
´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Õ¼ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ BIND-4 ±â¹Ý ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» BIND-8¿¡
¸Â°Ô º¯È¯ÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8 ±â¹ÝÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ
·¹ÄÚµåÁ¤µµ¸¸ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇÁö¸¸, Àç¹Ì³ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î Á»´õ ±í¼÷È÷ ¾Ë°í
½Í´Ù¸é ¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ
// ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8¿¡¼ ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³¡À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
options {
directory "/var/named"; // Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮
dump-file "/var/tmp/named_dump.db"; // Dump ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î
statistics-file "/var/tmp/named.stats"; // Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î
pid-file "/var/run/named.pid"; // ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID°¡ ´ã±ä ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º °æ·Î
};
logging { // ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
category lame-servers { null; };
category cname { null; };
category response-checks { null; };
category notify { null; };
};
zone "." IN { // ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ
type hint;
file "named.root";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤
type master;
file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // ÇÒ´ç IP ºí¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse Zone
type master;
file "zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "nobreak.com" IN { // µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'NOBREAK.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone
type master;
file "zone-nobreak.com";
};
Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.
¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ
options {
directory "/var/named";
};
logging {
category lame-servers { null; };
category cname { null; };
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.root";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤
type master;
file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // Reverse Zone¿¡´ëÇÑ Secondary ¼³Á¤
type slave;
file "sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";
masters { 210.105.79.2; }; // Primary NSÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò
};
zone "nobreak.com" IN { // 'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ Secondary ¼³Á¤
type slave;
file "sec-nobreak.com";
masters { 210.105.79.2; };
};
2.5.3. Forward & Reverse Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º
Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Forward, Reverse µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. Forward ZoneÀº
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ°í, Reverse ZoneÀº
IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ °®´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¼ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ loopback, 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡
´ëÇØ Primary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁß zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa¿Í
zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa°¡ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ°í, zone-
nobreak.comÀÌ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº BIND-4¿Í BIND-8¿¡¼
ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
¸ÕÀú [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ µû¶ó Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-
nobreak.comÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© º¸ÀÚ.
2.5.3.1. SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority)
Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó SOA ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ,
nobreak.com¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀÎÁõ(authoritative)µÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÀ½À»
ÀǹÌÇϸç, ÀÚ·á°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀ¯Áö, °ü¸®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
1998122800 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
1¿¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ³¡ÀÇ
µµÆ®¸¦ ÀØÁö ¸»ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ´ë½Å '@' Ç¥½Ã¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ
µÈ´Ù.
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
IN(Internet)Àº Ŭ·¡½º¸íÀÌ´Ù. HS, HESIOD, CHAOS¿Í °°Àº Ŭ·¡½ºµµ
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ç×»ó INÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù°í
»ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.
SOA ´ÙÀ½¿£ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ Email ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù.
Æ÷ÀÎÆ®(Responsible Person)·Î¼ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì À̸¦
¸®Æ÷ÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Namespace¸¦ ÂÑÀ¸¸ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ´Â
'lamers'¿Í °°Àº µµ±¸µéÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ °ËÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ º» Email·Î ÅëÁöÇÏ¿©
ÁØ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ °ýÈ£·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ ºÎºÐ¿£ Serial, Refresh, Retry, Expire, Minimum
5°³ÀÇ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ) Çʵ尡 ³õÀδÙ. MinimumÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ 4°³ Çʵå´Â Secondary
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ªÀÌ´Ù. ±âº» ´ÜÀ§´Â 'ÃÊ'ÀÌ°í, ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£
M(Minute), H(Hour), D(Day), W(Week)¸¦ ºÙ¿© 30M, 8H, 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
o Serial: SerialÀº Secondary°¡ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼öÁ¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï
Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. Secondary´Â ¹é¾÷º»ÀÇ SerialÀÌ PrimaryÀÇ Serialº¸´Ù
ÀÛÀ» °æ¿ì Zone ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀçÀü¼Û ¹Þ´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÈ ÈÄ
SerialÀÌ º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, Secondary´Â ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇǸ¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏÁö
¾ÊÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Secondary°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é SerialÀº Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ±×·¸´Ù
ÇÒÁö¶óµµ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ SerialÀ» Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº
½À°üÀÌ´Ù.
o SerialÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÓÀÇ ¼ýÀÚº¸´Ü ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤ÀÏÀ»
YYYYMMDDNNÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. YYYYMMDDNN ¿¬µµ Ç¥±â¹ýÀº 4294³â±îÁö
Ç¥±â °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
o Refresh: PrimaryÃøÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼öÁ¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ Secondary°¡
°Ë»çÇÏ´Â ÁÖ±âÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¯°æÀÌ Àæ¾Æ ZoneÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ
¼öÁ¤µÈ´Ù¸é, 3H(10800) Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ZoneÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼´Â
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 6H(21600) - 12H·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
o Retry: SecondaryÃø¿¡¼, Primary¿Í ¿¬°áÀÌ ¾ÈµÉ °æ¿ì, Àç ½Ãµµ ½Ã°£
ÁÖ±âÀÌ´Ù. Refresh ±â°£ º¸´Ù ÀûÀ»¶§ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì
30M(1800) - 1H·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
o Expire: Secondary°¡ Expire·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È Primary¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏÁö
¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì, ¿À·¡µÈ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇÀÇ ÀÚ·á°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í º¸°í,
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀ» ³Ê¹« ³·°Ô Ã¥Á¤ÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀº ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. º¸Åë 1W - 2W(1209600)·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
o Minimum: Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ º» Zone¿¡ ±â¼úµÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í °¬À» °æ¿ì, ±×
ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯È¿±â°£(ij½¬¿¡ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£)À» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. TTL(Time To
Live)°ªÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º» °ªÀ» ±âº»À¸·Î °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ƯÁ¤
·¹Äڵ尡 º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ÀüÆÄµÇ¾î ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ´Â
ÁÖ±â´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Minimum °ª¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î SOA¿¡¼´Â
1D(86400)¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© Àüü ·¹Äڵ忡 Àû¿ëÇÏ°í, ÀæÀº º¯°æÀÌ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â
·¹Äڵ常 ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î 1H - 3H Á¤µµ·Î ³·Ãß´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 0Àº
ij½ÌÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
2.5.3.2. NS(Name Server) ·¹ÄÚµå
NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ NSÀÇ È°¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î
À§ÀÓÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ´Ù. Namespace»óÀÇ °¡Áö¿¬°áÀº ÀÌ NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥,
°Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÏ °æ¿ì ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿©±â¼´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ
À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. "µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ"¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.
2.5.3.3. A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå
A ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¼³Á¤À» º¸ÀÚ. mail°ú power¿¡ A
·¹ÄÚµå·Î IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. (mail°ú 'mail.nobreak.com.'Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô
Çؼ®µÈ´Ù.)
; Host addresses
mail.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2
power IN A 210.105.79.103
; Aliases
www IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
ftp IN CNAME www
CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¿¡¼´Â
power.nobreak.com, www.nobreak.com, ftp.nobreak.comÀº ¸ðµÎ °°Àº IP
210.105.79.103À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ftp¿Í °°ÀÌ CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆà ÇÏ´Â
°æ¿ì´Â, ¿©·¯ DNS °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á¿¡¼ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¾ê±âµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº
°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. CNAMEÀº Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿À¸®Áö³Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 ¸ðµÎ »ó¼Ó¹Þ±â
¶§¹®¿¡, CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À»
À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, MX, NS µîÀÇ ·¹Äڵ忡µµ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
³Ö¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀº BIND
·Î±×¸¦ À¯½ÉÈ÷ °üÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ã±â ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î, È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é
CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ¾Æ¿¹ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³õÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÁÁ´Ù. ¼÷·ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú Áß¿¡¼µµ Æ®·¡ÇÈ°ú, ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼
CNAMEÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡
°üÇØ'')
ftp IN CNAME www ; (X) CNAME¿£ Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö
IN MX mail ; ¾ø´Ù.
power IN MX 10 mail ; (X) MX¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ
mail IN CNAME ns ; ·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
2.5.3.4. MX(Mail eXchanger) ·¹ÄÚµå
MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì, account@nobreak.com À¸·Î º¸³»¾î Áö´Â ÆíÁö´Â ½ÇÁ¦
'mail.nobreak.com.' À¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à 'mail.nobreak.com.'¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ
¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ÀÎ 'power.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è¼ÛÇÏ°Ô
µÈ´Ù. MX Priority_Number ¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϸç, Priority_NumberÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â
ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô´Ù. "MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò"¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷
´Ù·é´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail.nobreak.com.
IN MX 20 power.nobreak.com.
mail.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2
power.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.103
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ忡 CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³ÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·²
°æ¿ì ¸î¸î MTA(Mail Transfer Agent: sendmail)´Â ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ ãÁö
¸øÇÏ¿©, ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼Û½ÅÀÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â MTAÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í
¹öÀü¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̹ǷÎ, °æÇè ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ»
Áø´ÜÇϱ⵵ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë
mail.nobreak.com. IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
power.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.103
2.5.3.5. PTR(Pointer) ·¹ÄÚµå
PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸ç, Reverse Zone
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº IP 210.105.79.2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
2.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns.nobreak.com.
Forward Zone¿¡¼´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ A(ȤÀº CNAME) ·¹Äڵ带 ÅëÇØ °°Àº
IP¸¦ °®À» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â Áߺ¹ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇØ´ç
IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθí Çϳª¸¸À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2.5.3.6. ±âŸ ·¹ÄÚµåµé
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀº À§¿¡ ³ª¿ÇÑ °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ
ÃæºÐÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö´Â
¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Á¾Á¾ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ·¹Äڵ带 ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é
RFC1035, RFC1183, RFC2163À» Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
power IN A 210.105.79.103
IN HINFO "Sun Sparc Ultra 5" "Solaris 2.6"
IN TXT "Nobreak's Primary Server"
IN TXT "WWW, FTP is now available"
IN RP hostmaster.nobreak.com. hostinfo.nobreak.com.
hostinfo IN TXT "Seung-young Kim, +82-42-864-4440/1"
HINFO(Host INFOrmation) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿(CPU Á¤º¸, OS Á¤º¸)À»
°®À¸¸ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡ °ø¹éÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â
¹Ýµå½Ã Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
TXT(TeXT) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÅؽºÆ® Á¤º¸¸¦ °®À¸¸ç ÁßøµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
RP(Responsible Person)´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥, Email ÁÖ¼Ò(@¸¦
µµÆ®·Î ġȯÇÑ)¿Í, ´ã´çÀÚ Á¤º¸(TXT ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÔ)¸¦
°®´Â´Ù. HINFO¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î¸î ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º¸¾ÈÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»¾Æ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
2.5.3.7. Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample
[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀº
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¡Ø 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-nobreak.com
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
1998122801 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
IN MX 10 mail ; ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ®
mail IN A 210.105.79.2
; Hosts Here - This is comments
router IN A 210.105.79.1
ns IN A 210.105.79.2
ns2 IN A 210.105.79.3
power IN A 210.105.79.103
IN HINFO "Sun Sparc Ultra 5" "Solaris 2.6"
IN TXT "Nobreak Technologies, Inc."
www IN CNAME power
Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀº
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.
¡Ø Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
1998122801 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
; IP-Domain mapping here
1 IN PTR router.nobreak.com.
2 IN PTR ns.nobreak.com.
3 IN PTR ns2.nobreak.com.
103 IN PTR power.nobreak.com.
loopback ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. IP
127.0.0.1À» 'localhost.'·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀ̹ǷÎ, º» ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î´À
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡Ø loopbackÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
1998122801 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
; IP-Domain mapping here
1 IN PTR localhost.
Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã FQDN Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
BIND´Â µµÆ®·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇϹǷÎ, µû¶ó¼
'ns.nobreak.com.'°ú °°ÀÌ µµÆ®¸¦ ºÙÀÎ FQDNÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇϰųª, ºó¹øÈ÷
¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
2.5.3.8. È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample
È£½ºÆþ÷üÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Zone
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, È£½ºÆà µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î º°µµÀÇ ZoneÀ»
À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, È£½ºÆà ¼¹öÀÇ IP º¯È¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ZoneÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ±âµµÇϰųª, ¹Ý³ªÀýÀ» ÆíÁý±â¿Í ¾¾¸§ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
²ö±â¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆÁÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆÃ
¾÷üÀϼö·Ï À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¸ÞÀÎ Ãß°¡/¼öÁ¤/»èÁ¦¿¡ µå´Â
½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
* named.boot (BIND-4)
primary netbsd.org zone-default
primary openbsd.org zone-default
...
primary freebsd.org zone-freebsd.org ; º°µµÀÇ Ãß°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì
...
* named.conf (BIND-8)
zone "netbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };
zone "openbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };
...
zone "freebsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-freebsd.org"; };
...
* zone-default
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
1999030601 ;serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
IN A 210.105.79.39
IN MX 10 @
IN MX 20 mqueue.nobreak.com.
www IN CNAME @
telnet IN CNAME @
ftp IN CNAME @
mail IN CNAME @
pop IN CNAME @
news IN CNAME news.nobreak.com.
* zone-freebsd.org
$INCLUDE zone-default
ftp.kr IN A 147.46.102.39
www.kr IN CNAME @
2.6. Name Server ±¸µ¿
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ
ÁغñµÇ¾úÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°´Ù.
¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-8)
# ls /etc/named.conf # BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ
/etc/named.conf
# ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ
named.root
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
zone-nobreak.com
# /usr/sbin/named # ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸ó ±¸µ¿ (Solaris: /usr/sbin/in.named)
# ps ax | grep named # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ (Solaris: ps -e | grep in.named)
254 ? S 0:00 named
¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-4)
# ls /etc/named.boot # BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ
/etc/named.boot
# ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ
named.root
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
# ndc start # ndc(Name Daemon Control)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì
Name Server Started
# ndc status
254 ? S 0:00 named
# ls /var/named/ # PrimaryÀÇ Zone Àü¼Û¿©ºÎ È®ÀÎ
named.root
sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
sec-nobreak.com
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
2.7. µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
¿©±â¿¡¼± [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù·ç¾úÁö¸¸,
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ
¶§¿¡µµ °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ
ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁ®º½À¸·Î½á, Namespace °¡Áö»ó¿¡ Àß ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com # Primary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 0.0.0.0
Name: power.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.103
$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns2.nobreak.com # Secondary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
Server: ns2.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.3
Name: power.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.103
$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr # Namespace ¸µÅ© È®ÀÎ
Server: ns.kornet.nm.kr
Address: 168.126.63.1
Name: power.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.103
À§ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÏ´Ü ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î
¿î¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù. È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ±, ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±¸¼º»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¿Í BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ »óŸ¦ »ìÆ캸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(Resolver) ¼³Á¤
3.1. Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤
Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ»ó¿¡¼ DNS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú,
/etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼Õº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf¿¡´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ
Resolving½Ã Äõ¸®¸¦ ´øÁú ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ 3°³±îÁö ³ª¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
·ÎÄà Primary, Secondary, ISP ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö 3°³¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
search nobreak.com # µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼ÇȽº(Suffix)
nameserver 210.105.79.2 # ns.nobreak.com
nameserver 210.105.79.3 # ns2.nobreak.com
nameserver 168.126.63.1 # ns.kornet.ne.kr (»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ISPÀÇ NS)
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·µ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
search nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org
ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿£ È£½ºÆ®¸í www´Â ¸ÕÀú www.nobreak.comÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î °Ë»öµÇ°í,
°Ë»öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì www.kr.freebsd.org·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã °Ë»öµÈ´Ù. À߸øµÈ
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ»¶§µµ, °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϹǷÎ, ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
search ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÁÖ·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼öÁ¤»çÇ×À» Áï°¢
Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.
search nobreak.com
domain nobreak.com
nameserver 210.105.79.2
...
domain kornet.ne.kr
nameserver 168.126.63.1
...
È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» DNS·Î È®ÀåÇÏ¿© °Ë»öÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â /etc/nsswitch.conf
ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¶óÀÎ 'hosts:'¿¡ 'dns'°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
OS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¹èÆ÷µÇÁö¸¸, È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
hosts: files dns
ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼ø¼(files, dns)·Î °Ë»öÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
3.2. Microsoft Windows ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤
Windows¿¡¼ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤Àº
ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ µî·ÏÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿¸é, [±×¸² 4]¿Í °°Àº DNS ¼³Á¤ÅÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 4] Windows NT¿¡¼ÀÇ Resolver ¼³Á¤¿¹
DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ PCÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» 'È£½ºÆ® À̸§'¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù. Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ
resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ'Àº 'domain'¿¡, 'DNS ¼ºñ½º ã±â
¼ø¼'´Â 'nameserver'¿¡, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼ÇȽº ã±â ¼ø¼'´Â 'search' ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡
ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.
4. µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ (Domain Parenting & Delegation)
¿©·¯ °è¿»ç¸¦ °®´Â ´ë±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °è¿»ç¸¦ 'www.core.nobreak.com'°ú
°°ÀÌ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇØ´ç °è¿»çÀÇ
³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì, È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇØ´ç
°è¿»ç·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 5] Domain Delegation¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Namespace °èÃþµµ
[±×¸² 5]¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.'FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ±¹°¡º°·Î ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
À§ÀÓÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, 'KR.FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ÆÀÀ»
CORE µµ¸ÞÀξƷ¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ½á, 'doc-kr.core.kr.FreeBSD.org'¿Í °°Àº
°èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °¡Áö¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ °ü¸® ÇÒ ¼öµµ
ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ºÒ¾î³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇØÁö´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ °ü¸®´Â
Àüü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
4.1. ºÎ¸ð Zone¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ý¼º
¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã À§ÀӵǾî¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎ¸ð
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÔ²² Á¤ÀÇµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ȸ»ç³» ¸Á°ü¸®
±×·ìÀ» 'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í, ±× ¾Æ·¡ DNS µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ
°æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
nms IN MX 10 mail.nms
IN MX 20 mail2.nms
dns.nms IN A 150.183.110.53
IN MX 10 mail.nms
IN MX 20 mail2.nms
mail.nms IN A 150.183.110.10
mail2.nms IN A 150.183.110.11
µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
4.2. ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ
¼¹ö·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ÇØ´ç
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼
* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
nms IN NS ns.nms ; Delegation
IN NS ns2.nms
ns.nms IN A 150.183.110.2 ; Glue Record
ns2.nms IN A 150.183.110.3
IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â A ·¹Äڵ忡¼¸¸ ¼³Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±Û·ç ·¹Äڵ带
»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NS¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå'')
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ns.nms.nobreak.com Àº ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary nms.nobreak.com zone-nms.nobreak.com
±×¸®°í, Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º 'zone-nms.nobreak.com'À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
* zone-nms.nobreak.com (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
1999012901 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
IN MX 10 mail
IN MX 20 mail2
ns IN A 150.183.110.2
ns2 IN A 150.183.110.3
mail IN A 150.183.110.10
mail2 IN A 150.183.110.11
dns IN A 150.183.110.53
IN MX 10 mail
IN MX 20 mail2
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¸¦ Secondary·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡
´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
secondary nms.nobreak.com 150.183.110.2 sec-nms.nobreak.com
ÀÌÁ¦ ns, ns.nms, ns2.nmsÀÇ BIND¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Çà¾÷ÇÑÈÄ, ¿ÜºÎ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ
µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=NS nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr
nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nms.nobreak.com
nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nms.nobreak.com
$ nslookup dns.nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr
Name: dns.nms.nobreak.com
Address: 150.183.110.53
4.3. ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ
NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀº ±×Áß ¼ºê³Ý 150.183.110À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
$ nslookup -type=NS 183.150.in-addr.arpa
183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com
¿ÁÅÝ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ°ú °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î
¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº '183.150.in-addr.arpa'¿¡¼
* zone-183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
110 IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
±×¸®°í, 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'°ú 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ primary,
secondary ¼³Á¤À» ³Ö°í Inverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ
À§ÀÓÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸® µÈ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary 110.183.150.in-addr.arpa zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa
* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
secondary 110.183.150.in-addr.arpa 150.183.110.2 sec-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa
* zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
1999012901 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
2 IN PTR ns.nms.nobreak.com.
3 IN PTR ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
10 IN PTR mail.nms.nobreak.com.
11 IN PTR mail2.nms.nobreak.com.
53 IN PTR dns.nms.nobreak.com.
4.4. Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ (Âü°í: RFC2317)
µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® ȤÀº ¿ÁÅÝ(octet) ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î
¼³°èµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹ÝÀÇ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ¿£ º°´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦°¡
¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ³ª´©¾î 210.105.79.1-128 ±îÁö´Â Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ
À§ÀÓÀÌ ¼ö¿ùÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù.
°°Àº ±â°üÀÌ ÆíÀÇ»ó ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ÇÑÇØ À§ÀÓÄ¡ ¾Ê°í,
Áß¾Ó¿¡¼ ÅëÇÕ°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϳª, IP °í°¥·Î ÀÎÇØ ISPµéÀÌ Å¬·¡½º¸¦
ÇÒÇÁ(half) ¶Ç´Â ´õ Àß°Ô ³ª´©¾î ¹è±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â°üµé
»çÀÌ¿¡¼´Â ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï À§ÀÓÀÌ ¹è·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
ù¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â 79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ 129-256(B¿¡
ÇÒ´çµÈ)±îÁöÀÇ IP ºí·°À» NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ¸ðµÎ NS
ns.nms.nobreak.com·Î ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù. '79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º' ÀÛ¼º ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.
* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
2 IN PTR ns.nobreak.com.
3 IN PTR ns2.nobreak.com.
...
129 IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. # 129-254±îÁö À§ÀÓ
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
...
254 IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ Æä¾î¸°Æà Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡, NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀÇ ºÎÆ®
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â IP 129-254¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µé¾î°¡
ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ¹ø°Å·Î¿î ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary 129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
...
primary 254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
¶ÇÇÑ, °¢ Zone ÆÄÀÏ 129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa - 254.79.105.210.in-
addr.arpa´Â ¸ðµÎ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
* zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
1999012901 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
IN PTR dns.nms.nobreak.com.
* zone-130.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
1999012901 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
IN PTR dhcp.nms.nobreak.com.
IPv4´Â 4°³ÀÇ ¿ÁÅÝÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸¶Áö¸· 4¹ø° ¿ÁÅÝ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone
À̹ǷÎ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤ÀÇ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÓµÈ IP °³¼ö¸¸ÅÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
¹ø°Å·Î¿ö ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ÆäÀÌ·±ÆÃÀÇ ÇÑ°è¿Í
´À³¦À» Àü´ÞÇÏ°íÀÚ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¿©±â Á¶±Ý ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
2 IN PTR ns.nobreak.com.
3 IN PTR ns2.nobreak.com.
...
129 IN CNAME 129.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.
...
254 IN CNAME 254.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.
nms IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
Namespace »ó¿¡¼ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ 'in-addr.arpa' °¡Áö¿Í, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
¹®ÀÚ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±â¼úÀû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀüÇô ¾øÀ½À» »ó±âÇÏÀÚ. ÆíÀÇ»ó arpa
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» IP ¸ÅÇοëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ï, °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ¿©±â¼´Â
ÀÌÁ¡À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Classless in-addr.arpa¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Áï '129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'´Â À̹ǷÎ, °á±¹ À§ÀÓÀº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î
¼º¸³µÈ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
* zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
1999012901 ;Serial
21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
1800 ;Retry (30 minutes)
1209600 ;Expire (14 days)
86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
129 IN PTR dns.nms.nobreak.com.
130 IN PTR mail.nms.nobreak.com.
...
254 IN PTR layla.nms.nobreak.com.
129-254±îÁöÀÇ PTRÀ» ¿©±â¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù. 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
Zone¿¡¼ °¢ IP¸¦ ¸ðµÎ CNAMEÀ¸·Î Àâ¾ÆÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» »©¸é ÇöÀçÀÇ
DNS ¾Ë°í¸®Áò»ó¿¡¼± ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÑ´Ù.
¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ ÂÉ°³¾îÁø ÇϳªÀÇ Class¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ
À§ÀÓÀº ISP ´Ü°è¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦ ISPµéÀº Class ´ÜÀ§·Î¸¸
À§ÀÓ󸮸¦ Çϴ°æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ¿©¼, ÇØ´ç Class Àüü¸¦ ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀ¸·Î
À§ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº ±â°ü¿¡¼
Ÿ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ IP ºí¶ôÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý°ú °°ÀÌ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î Ÿ
±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© Public IP¸¦ °®´Â
È£½ºÆ®(PC¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©)°¡ Reverse ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸î¸î
¼ºñ½ºÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ °ÅºÎµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·ÎÀÇ Reverse Resolving
µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ Áõ°¡Çϴµî Å©°í ÀÛÀº ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ß±âµÈ´Ù.
Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ°ú´Â Á¶±Ý ´Ù¸£°Ô, ´Ù¼öÀÇ C Ŭ·¡½º
À§ÀÓÄÚÀÚÇÒ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ 81.105.210.in-
addr.arpa¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö º¯°æ ½Åû¸¸À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°ÚÁö¸¸, º¸ÅëÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô
ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¿©±â¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Namespace»óÀÇ ¸µÅ©°¡ ÇØ´ç
³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¿¡ÀÇÇØ Æ÷ÀÎÆà µÇµµ·ÏÇÏ¿©, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ ºü¸£°Ô
´ëóÅä·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
5. DNS¿Í Sendmail
5.1. MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò
MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Çϵµ·Ï
ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ, NOBREAK.COMÀ¸·Î
ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ SendmailÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com.
IN MX 20 marie.nobreak.com.
IN MX 20 suzi.nobreak.com.
1. ·ÎÄÃÈ£½ºÆ®°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
2. layla·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
3. marie ȤÀº suzi·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
4. (3)¿¡¼ ½ÃµµµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
5. ÀÚü Å¥À× ÈÄ, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î 2-4ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.
ÈçÈ÷ °®´Â À߸øµÈ MXÀÇ ÀÌÇØ Áß Çϳª´Â, layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î marie·Î ÆíÁö°¡
¹è´ÞµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ÆíÁö°¡ marieÀÇ ¸ÞÀϹڽº¿¡ ÀúÀå µÈ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î, ´Ù¼öÀÇ
MX ·¹ÄÚµå ¼³Á¤À» ²¨¸®´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¸é, »ç¿ëÀÚ °èÁ¤À» ¾çÂÊ
È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© µÎ¾î¾ß Çϸç, »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¸Å¹ø ¾çÂÊÀÇ °èÁ¤À» ¸ðµÎ
È®ÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³ëÆÄ½É ¶§¹®ÀÏÅÙµ¥, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Àº priority¸¦ °®´Â
È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â ÇϳªÀÇ
È£½ºÆ®(layla)·Î Áý°á µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì marie¿Í suziÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ´ÙÀ½
Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·Çϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À×¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
1. ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ(nobreak.com)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2. ¼¹ö´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·ÎÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸±·¹ÀÌ(Relay)¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº SendmailÀÇ w Ŭ·¡½º(sendmail.cw ȤÀº
sendmail.cfÀÇ Cw)¿¡ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ¸ÞÀÏ
¸±·¹À̶õ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁöÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹è´ÞÁö°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì, Áï ÀÎÁõÀ»
°®Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î Æ÷¿öµùÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ÀÇ ¸î¸î OS
¹èÆ÷ÆǵéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î SendmailÀÌ ¸±·¹À̸¦ °ÅºÎÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î Àִµ¥,
ÀÌ·¯ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë
±â°üÀÇ SMTP ¼¹ö´Â ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ³²¿ëÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ ³»ºÎ IP(ȤÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¿¡
´ëÇؼ¸¸ ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À× ¼¹öÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â º»
ǻó¸¦ ²ô°Å³ª ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸ñÀûÁö·Î ÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¸±·¹À̸¦
Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï(ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é, ¸ðµç IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ
¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÅä·Ï ¼³Á¤Ç϶ó) Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``Allowing
controlled SMTP relaying in Sendmail 8.9'')
laylaÀÇ ¼ö½Å ºÒ´ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ marie·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î
ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£(Sendmail.cf¿¡¼ ÁöÁ¤µÈ Timeout.queuereturn=5d
¸¸Å)µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀû(Sendmail ±¸µ¿½Ã ÁöÁ¤µÈ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 30ºÐ -q30m)À¸·Î
¹è´ÞÀÌ ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã layla¸¸ÀÌ NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ»
°¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
* laylaÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cw (Solaris: /etc/mail/sendmail.cw)
nobreak.com
marie¿Í suzi°¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ °°´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ
½Ã³ª¸®¿À¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö´Â
marie(ȤÀº suzi)·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Å¥À×¼¹öÀÎ marie´Â
´Ù½Ã MX ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© Æ÷À§µùÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á±¹
ÆíÁö´Â suzi·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í suzi ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¤¸» ±×·²±î? ±×·²¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ SendmailÀº ÆíÁö¸¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇϱâÀü¿¡
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ MX ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÎÁõµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(sendmail.cw¿¡
±â·ÏµÈ)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¸ÅĪµÇ´Â
µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß °¡Àå ³ôÀº(´Ù¼ö°¡ ¸ÅĪ µÉ ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡) ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ °®´Â
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© °°°Å³ª ÀûÀº(MX °ªÀÌ Å«) ·¹Äڵ带 MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼
Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com.
IN MX 20 marie.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü)
IN MX 20 suzi.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü)
°á±¹ marieÀÇ SendmailÀÌ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡´Â layla¸¸ÀÌ ³²°ÔµÇ°í,
±â´ëÇÑ ¹Ù´ë·Î ÆíÁö´Â layla°¡ Á¤»ó¿î¿µµÉ¶§ ±îÁö Å¥À׵ȴÙ.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com.
±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ãÁö ¸øÇϸé(sendmail.cw¿¡
'marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é), suzi·ÎÀÇ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ
Æ÷¿öµùÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, ºÒÇàÈ÷ suzi ¶ÇÇÑ °°Àº »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, °á±¹
¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ¿¡ ºüÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SendmailÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »óȲÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ, ÃÖ´ë
Æ÷¿öµù Ƚ¼ö Á¦ÇÑ(Sendmail.cfÀÇ MaxHopCount=17, ±âº»°ª 25)À» °®°í
ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °á±¹ marie³ª suziÁß MaxHopCount¿¡ ¸ÕÀú °É¸®´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ
°ü¸®ÀÚ(postmaster)¿Í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ÆíÁö¸¦
º¸³»¾îÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
From: Mail Delivery Subsystem
To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com
Subject: Returned mail: Too many hops 26 (25 max):...
----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
----- Transcript of session follows -----
554 Too many hops 26 (25 max):...
===========================================================
Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...
Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...
...
Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...
Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...
...
´ÙÀ½Àº ´ÜÀÏ Å¥À× ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ À§¿Í°°Àº ·çÇÁ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ìÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ
¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 layla.nobreak.com.
IN MX 20 marie.nobreak.com.
From: Mail Delivery Subsystem
To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com
Subject: Returned mail: Local configuration error
----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
----- Transcript of session follows -----
553 marie.nobreak.com. config error: mail loops back to me (MX problem?)
554 ... Local configuration error
===========================================================
...
DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î Æ÷ÀÎÆõǴ ȣ½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw¿¡ ³ª¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»
°æ¿ì ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, aliasµÈ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ»
sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
5.2. MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®
È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
mailhub IN A 210.105.79.107
È£½ºÆ® mailhub´Â ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â
¶§¹®¿¡, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À·ù´Â
¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÎÅͳݻóÀÇ ÇÑ MTA°¡ mailhub·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ¶§
ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ³¶ºñ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
SendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú SendmailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ
mailhub¸¦ lookup(type=any) ÇÑ´Ù. Authoritative ȤÀº Non-authoritative
Answer·Î A ·¹Äڵ常À» µ¹·Á¹Þ°Ô µÉÅÙµ¥, Authoritative AnswerÀÇ °æ¿ì MX
·¹Äڵ尡 ¾øÀ»Áö¶óµµ °á°ú¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ ÁúÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç IP·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ»
½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø´Â Non-authoritative Answer¿¡ ´ëÇØ
SendmailÀº ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î MX ·¹Äڵ带 Àç °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð mailhub´Â MX
·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¹±Í°ªÀº ¾ø°í ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁúÀǸ¸À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´À»
»ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡´Â µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ ÀüÇô ¹®Á¦ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ
°æ¿ì¿Í °°Àº ³¶ºñ¸¦ ¸·±â À§Çؼ mailhub´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
mailhub IN A 210.105.79.107
IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÃÖÁ¾ ÆíÁö ¹è´ÞÁöÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX·Î ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸µí, ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®´Â ºñ·Ï ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÇÑ°³
ÀÌ»óÀÇ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
5.3. MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5)
MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾È ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç °ü·Ã RFC
¹®¼ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î
¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÐ ±ÛÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ
¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ãß°¡ Äõ¸®·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ»
»çÀ¯·Î ¿À·£ ±â°£ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
°ü·Ã¹®¼¿¡¼´Â °°Àº ¿¬À¯·Î °·ÂÈ÷ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.
layla IN MX 10 marie.nobreak.com.
marie IN CNAME suzi.nobreak.com.
suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75
IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
* layla·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ lookup °úÁ¤
1. lookup layla.nobreak.com -> return marie.nobreak.com
2. lookup marie.nobreak.com -> return suzi.nobreak.com
3. lookup suzi.nobreak.com -> return mailhub.nobreak.com
4. lookup mailhub.nobreak.com -> return 210.105.79.75
´À½¼ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ±¸ÇöÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î
BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë(``layla.nobreak.com'' IN MX points to a
CNAME marie.nobreak.com)À̶ó Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽø¸, ¸î¸î MTA¿Í
Sendmail´Â À̸¦ ¼ö¿ë(±ÇÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î MTA°¡
ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°íÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡,
MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °íÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
layla IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
marie IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com.
suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75
IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
¶ÇÇÑ, ÆíÁö ¼Û½ÅÀü SendmailÀº ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ CNAMEÀ» ½ÇÁ¦
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑÈÄ ¹è´ÞÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Áï ÆíÁö Çì´õ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â To:
Á¤º¸°¡ 'user@marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼Û½ÅÀü¿¡
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̴ ȥ¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßÈÄ ¼³¸íÇÒ
SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÅÇÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų
¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ È£½ºÆ®´Â ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
¸»°Å³ª, CNAME ´ë½Å A ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í MX ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
5.4. Nonrecursive MX lookup
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì, mailhub·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇغ¸ÀÚ. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
ÆíÁö°¡ mx2·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ忡´ëÇØ
Nonrecursive Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆíÁö´Â mx1(¹Ýµå½Ã A ·¹Äڵ带 °®¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù.
mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com.
mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com.
IN A 210.105.79.231
¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°°ÀÌ RecursiveÇÏ°Ô ÂѾư£´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°Àº ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ·çÇÁ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ带 ÂѾư¡Áö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.
mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com.
mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com.
mx2 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. ; Loop
5.5. SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤
ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'°ú 'kr.freebsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇØ,
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 'nobreak@nobreak.com'°ú 'nobreak@kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ´Â
°°´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î aliases Å×À̺íÀ» °®´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ,
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ µû¶ó ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. º»
±ÛÀÌ SendmailÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â¿¡, SendmailÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°¡Á¤À¸·Î °ñÀÚ³»¿ë¸¸À» ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Sendmail¿¡ Àͼ÷Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù¸é
³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ RuleSet, m4, aliases, dbm/btree/hash µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
»çÀüÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Sendmail 8.8 À̻󿡼 °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ,¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¹öÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ telnet localhost smtp
Trying 127.0.0.1...
220 kfug2.kr.freebsd.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3
¹öÁ¯ÀÌ 8.8º¸´Ù ³·´Ù¸é, ¿¡¼
ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» ±¸Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Sendmail 8.2 À̻󿡼´Â 'domaintable' ǻó¸¦
»ç¿ëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.
5.5.1. m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º
¸ÕÀú 'sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf/'¿¡¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ
ÈÄ, Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'virtusertable', 'genericstable'
ǻó¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.
* generic-bsd4.4.mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏ
divert(0)dnl
VERSIONID(`@(#)generic-bsd4.4.mc 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/19/1998')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
DOMAIN(generic)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl
FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl
¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ°í, 'genericstable' ǻó´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¼Û½Å(out-
bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà À¯Àú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò(¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ»óÀÇ From:
Çʵå)¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. DNSÀÇ Forward Zone°ú Reverse
ZoneÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é µÇ°Ú´Ù.
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â
hash(Berkeley DB)¿Í dbm(NDBM)ÀÌ Àִµ¥, Å×À̺íÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì È¿À²Àº
btree(Berkeley DB) > hash(Berkeley DB) > dbm(NDBM) ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥
btree¿Í hash¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Berkeley DB(FreeBSD¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¸î¸î
Unix¿¡´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, sendmail°ú makemap
ÄÄÆÄÀϽà -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×(Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î -DNEWDB
Ç÷¡±×°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»
°æ¿ì¿£ -DNDBM Ç÷¡±×(NDBM ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î
Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§¿¡´Â dbmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿Í
°°ÀÌ Berkeley DBÀÇ GNUÆÇÀÎ GDBMÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿£ º°µµÀÇ ³ë·Â¾øÀÌ ¼¼
Á¾·ùÀÇ DB¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÛ¼ºµÈ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ m4(Macro Language Processor)¸¦
ÅëÇØ sendmail.cf·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
# cd sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf
# m4 ../m4/cf.m4 freebsd.mc > freebsd.cf
# cp freebsd.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ sendmail.cf°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, ½ÇÁ¦ º» µÎ
ǻó°¡ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RuleSetÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© sendmail.cf¸¦ Á÷Á¢
¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©µµ ÁÁ´Ù. (RuleSetÀÌ »ðÀԵǴ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ m4·Î
sendmail.cf¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù)
* FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl
# Virtual user table (maps incoming users)
Kvirtuser btree /etc/domainaliases.db
# handle virtual users (RuleSet 0ÀÇ Parse1 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)
R$+ < @ $=w . > $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >
R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >
$: < $(virtuser $1 + * @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >
R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >
$: < $(virtuser $1 @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >
R<@> $+ < @ $+ . > $: < $(virtuser @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >
R<@> $+ $: $1
R< error : $- $+ > $* $#error $@ $(dequote $1 $) $: $2
R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ > $: $>97 $1
* FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl
# Generics table (mapping outgoing addresses)
Kgenerics btree /etc/useraliases.db
# handle generics database (RuleSet 93 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)
R$+ < @ $=G . > $: < $1@$2 > $1 < @ $2 . > @ mark
R$+ < @ *LOCAL* > $: < $1@$j > $1 < @ *LOCAL* > @ mark
R< $+ > $+ < $* > @ $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $2 < $3 >
R< > $+ < @ $+ > $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $1 < @ $2 >
R< $* @ $* > $* < $* > $@ $>3 $1 @ $2 found qualified
R< $+ > $* < $* > $: $>3 $1 @ *LOCAL* found unqualified
R< > $* $: $1 not found
5.5.2. Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º
¸ÕÀú, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Ŭ·¡½º w(sendmail.cw)¿¡
³ª¿ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ
nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org
TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ
webmaster@nobreak.com dipper
moonhunt@nobreak.com moonhunt@ieee.org
cjh@nobreak.com error:nouser Unknown User
@nobreak.com nobreak
@kr.freebsd.org %1@xfree86.org
¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò 'webmaster@nobreak.com'´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ dipper·Î ¸ÅÇεǰí,
Æ÷¿öµù µÈ´Ù. 'cjh@nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö
'Unknown User'·Î ´äÇϸç, ±×¿Ü 'nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â
·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ nobreak·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô Æ÷¿öµùµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ aliases ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â°Í ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ
announce@kr.freebsd.org announce.ml
admin@kr.freebsd.org admin.ml
* /etc/aliases ÆÄÀÏ
announce.ml: :include:/var/ml/announce.ml
admin.ml: nobreak, moonhunt@ieee.org
5.5.3. Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ 'kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'À϶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ out-boundµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 'user@kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'¸¦ FromÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ
Reverse-map Å×À̺íÀº ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/useraliases ÆÄÀÏ
nobreak nobreak@nobreak.com
cjh cjh@kr.freebsd.org
5.5.4. Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè
ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Å×À̺íÀº makemapÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ dbm/btree/hash ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â btree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÑ´Ù.
# makemap btree /etc/domainaliases.db < /etc/domainaliases
# makemap btree /etc/useraliases.db < /etc/useraliases
# ls /etc/domainaliases* /etc/useraliases*
/etc/domainaliases /etc/useraliases
/etc/domainaliases.db /etc/useraliases.db
ÀÌÁ¦ SendmailÀ» Çà¾÷ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sendmail.pid`
# sendmail -bv webmaster@nobreak.com
webmaster@nobreak.com... deliverable: mailer local, user dipper
# sendmail -bv cjh@nobreak.com
cjh@nobreak.com... Unknown User
# sendmail -bv anybody@kr.freebsd.org
anybody@kr.freebsd.org... deliverable: mailer esmtp,
host xfree86.org., user anybody@xfree86.org
6. BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö
6.1. BIND ½Ã±×³Î
BIND´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã±×³Î Áß ¸î¸î¿¡
´ëÇؼ´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥, ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë /var/named/ ȤÀº
/var/tmp/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²´Â´Ù.
o HUP: BIND¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦
¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ, º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ´Â BIND¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑÈÄ,
Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¼öÁ¤µÈ Zone
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º(SerialÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ)¸¸À» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ°í, ij½¬¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
o INT: ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ij½¬¿Í Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºµéÀ» $ORIGINÀ¸·Î
ºÐ¸®ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ ³»ºÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦
named_dump.db ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
o ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4): BINDÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ named.stats ÆÄÀÏ·Î
¶³¾î¶ß¸°´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö À¯Áö, °ü¸®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿©·¯ Åë°è ÀÚ·á°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù.
o USR1: µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸¸¦ named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ»
¹ÞÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» ÇÑ ´Ü°è¾¿ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥, °¢ ·¹º§¸¶´Ù
Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ À¯ÇüÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇϸç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹º§ÀÌ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï
º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù.
o USR2: µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
o WINCH: BIND´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸î¸î ÁÖ¿ä ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¸À» Syslog¿¡ ³²±ä´Ù. º»
½Ã±×³ÎÀº Åä±Û Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿Çϸç, ¿äûµÇ´Â ¸ðµç Äõ¸®¸¦ Syslog¿¡
³²±âµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
6.2. BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé
BIND´Â Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿À·ù±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ
¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù ¹× ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº
Syslog¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼ÀÌ°Ú´Ù. Syslog´Â /etc/syslog.confÀÇ
¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, º¸Åë /var/log/messages ȤÀº /var/adm/messages
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº, BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÉ ¶§, HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â
ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù.
Jan 1 5:33:39 ns named[288]: starting. named 8.2
Jan 2 16:57:11 ns named[291]: reloading nameserver
Feb 5 3:34:31 ns named[289]: named shutting down
Syslog¿¡ ³²´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº '½Ã°£ È£½ºÆ®¸í named[PID]: ¸Þ½ÃÁö'¿Í
°°Àº Çü½Ä¸¦ ÃëÇϴµ¥, BIND-4¿Í BIND-8 ±×¸®°í °¢ ¹öÀüº°·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â
´Ü¾î¿Í ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¾ç½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 1 11:33:40 ns named[288]: master zone "nobreak.com"
(IN) loaded (serial 1999012901)
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â
zone'À¸·Î ¸íĪÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¸Å½Ã°£ BIND´Â °£·«ÇÑ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. (BIND-4ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹öÀü°ú ¸î¸î
OS º¥´õ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â BIND´Â ÀÌ Ç»Ãĸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ²¨³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: USAGE 917949432 917837292
CPU=1558.86u/491.54s CHILDCPU=921.29u/1228.57s
Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: NSTATS 917949432 917837292
Unknown=3 A=95677 NS=3 SOA=275 PTR=563972 MX=11355 TXT=16 AXFR=10 ANY=17840
Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: XSTATS 917949432 917837292
RR=270905 RNXD=92478 RFwdR=133260 RDupR=505 RFail=8882
RFErr=0 RErr=75 RAXFR=10 RLame=111437 ROpts=0
SSysQ=24028 SAns=467186 SFwdQ=221971 SDupQ=255265 SErr=5319
RQ=689151 RIQ=17 RFwdQ=0 RDupQ=224 RTCP=53 SFwdR=133260
SFail=290 SFErr=0 SNaAns=189120 SNXD=186481
°¢ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â 2°³ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç½Ã°£°ú BIND°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ½Ã°£À»
ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. '917949432 - 917837292'¸¦ °è»êÇϸé, ¼¹ö°¡ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ)À»
¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. USAGE´Â CPU »ç¿ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÁÖ CPU°¡ 1558Ãʵ¿¾È
»ç¿ëÀÚ(u) ¸ðµå¿¡¼, 491Ãʵ¿¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ(s) ¸ðµå¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. CHILDCPUµµ °°Àº ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¸ÖƼ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é,
CHILDCPU´Â 0u/0s ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NSTATS¿Í XSTATS´Â 'BIND
Statistics'¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.
Feb 5 09:39:05 ns named[26674]: Sent NOTIFY for "nobreak.com IN SOA"
(nobreak.com); 1 NS, 1 A
BIND-8¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Dynamic Update ±â´ÉÀº Primary°¡ Secondary¿¡°Ô Zone
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Ç϶ó´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â
'nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ¾î ¾Ë¸² ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦
º¸³Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
Feb 5 09:36:00 ns named[26674]: ns_forw: query(57.132.119.210.in-addr.arpa)
No possible A RRs
Resolver°¡ ¿äûÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù.
Feb 5 09:35:46 ns named[26674]: Lame server on 'ryu.siyon.com'
(in 'siyon.com'?): [210.105.79.103].53 'ns.mylover.com'
µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'siyon.com'ÀÌ 'ns.mylover.com'À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, ÇØ´ç
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Authority ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼ÀÇ Lame DelegationÀ̹ǷΠ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù.
6.3. BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¸µÅ©¿Í, À߸øµÈ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
¼³Á¤¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö Áß ¸î¸îÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
°ÍÀÌ°í, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï
ÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 3 12:53:27 ns named[291]: ns_forw: query(shpark.co.kr)
contains our address (ns.nobreak.com:210.105.79.2)
µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'shpark.co.kr'ÀÌ ns.nobreak.com(ÀÚ½Å)À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª,
Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Lame
Delegation ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ï, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϵµ·Ï
ÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 5 10:09:01 ns named[26674]: "nobreak.com IN NS"
points to a CNAME (ns.nobreak.com)
Feb 5 10:09:11 ns named[26674]: "nms.nobreak.com IN MX"
points to a CNAME (mail.nobreak.com)
Feb 5 09:57:15 ns named[26674]: power.nobreak.com has CNAME and other data
CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ùµéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ MX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿À·ù´Â
Àüü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸î¸î MTA(¿¹:sendmail)¿¡¼ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö
Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, º» ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nobreak.com. ; (X) ns´Â CNAMEÀÌ´Ù.
ns IN CNAME mild.nobreak.com.
nms IN MX mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) mailÀº CNAME ÀÌ´Ù.
mail IN CNAME mhub.nobreak.com.
power IN CNAME layla.nobreak.com.
IN MX mhub.nobreak.com. ; (X)Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ嵵 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, NS/MX/SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â
CNAME°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ.
Feb 5 09:24:56 ns2 named-xfer[2502]: record too short from
[210.105.79.2], zone nobreak.com
Primary NS°¡ xfrnets(BIND-4) ȤÀº allow-transfer(BIND-8) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î,
Zone Transfer¸¦ ¸·¾Æ, ÇØ´ç ZoneÀ» °®°í ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ´ç
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿©, Zone Transfer°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
6.4. BIND Statistics
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö È°¿ëÁ¤µµ¿Í µµ¸ÞÀγ»¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö °³¼ö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ
À§ÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ Åë°è ÀÚ·á °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Åë°è Á¤º¸
ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â [±×¸² 6]°ú °°ÀÌ timeout(DNS´Â
±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î UDP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 6] ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ ÁúÀÇ ¿¹Á¦
BIND·ÎºÎÅÍ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Åë°è
ÆÄÀÏÀ» /var/named/named.stats ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.stats·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
# kill -ILL `cat /var/run/named.pid`
# ls -al /var/named/named.stats
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19832 Mar 8 04:51 /var/named/named.stats
# cat /var/named/named.stats
+++ Statistics Dump +++ (920978301) Tue Mar 9 20:18:21 1999
208719 time since boot (secs)
3396 time since reset (secs)
3 Unknown query types
205739 A queries
39 NS queries
916 SOA queries
802719 PTR queries
19192 MX queries
2 TXT queries
15 AAAA queries
129 AXFR queries
29359 ANY queries
++ Name Server Statistics ++
(Legend)
RR RNXD RFwdR RDupR RFail
RFErr RErr RAXFR RLame ROpts
SSysQ SAns SFwdQ SDupQ SErr
RQ RIQ RFwdQ RDupQ RTCP
SFwdR SFail SFErr SNaAns SNXD
(Global)
447781 164719 227112 869 25991
0 245 125 170586 0
33963 720395 337570 294284 8122
1058113 0 337570 190 0
227112 20791 0 228616 298214
[210.104.247.129]
157 0 0 0 10
0 0 0 147 0
0 36 146 22 0
36 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 13
.
.
.
À§´Â BIND 8.2¿¡¼ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
208719 time since boot (secs)
3396 time since reset (secs)
BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÈÈÄ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¸®·ÎµåµÈ(HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀº)
ÈÄ °æ°úµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
3 Unknown query types
¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ È½¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À߸øµÈ ±¸Çö¿¡
±âÀÎÇϰųª, ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀԽõµ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
205739 A queries
A Äõ¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÁúÀÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.
39 NS queries
³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ¼¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ¶§, NS Äõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç
¼¹ö°¡ ·çÆ® ¼¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ
¸í½ÃÀû ¿äûÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
916 SOA queries
SOA Äõ¸®´Â Secondary NS°¡ ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó º¯È¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
802719 PTR queries
Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ëµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸç A Äõ¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷
¿äûµÈ´Ù.
19192 MX queries
MX Äõ¸®´Â Sendmail°ú °°Àº MTA°¡ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ
¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
2 TXT queries
15 AAAA queries
TXT¿Í AAAA Äõ¸®´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº DNS ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.
129 AXFR queries
AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer ÇÒ ¶§ ¿äûµÇ¹Ç·Î, ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â Zone
Transfer Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
29359 ANY queries
Any Äõ¸®´Â ±Ù·¡ÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ A, MX, CNAME Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â
À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
³ª¸ÓÁö Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â °³º° È£½ºÆ®(Remote ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í Stub Resolver)ÀÇ Åë°è
Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. º¸Åë ÃÑ ÇÕÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â [Global] ÇÊµå ¾Æ·¡·Î ¼ö¹é ȤÀº
¼öõÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ³ª¿µÇ´Âµ¥, °³º° ¼¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ
»Ó ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ, BIND-8¿¡¼´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î [Global]
Çʵ常ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °³º° È£½ºÆ®º° Åë°è´Â ¼Û/¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Åë°è¿¡¼ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â
¹®Á¦(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Áö¿¬°ú °°Àº)¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³º° È£½ºÆ® Åë°è¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
* named.conf (BIND-8)
options {
host-statistics yes;
};
Legend·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â ±¸ºÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, S(Sent)·Î
½ÃÀÛÇϴ°ÍÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ¼Û½ÅµÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, R(Received)Àº
¼ö½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¼ø¼¿Í Á¾·ù´Â BINDÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
RR(Sent us an answer) 447781
RQ(Sent us a query) 1058113
¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÀÀ´ä(Answer)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RRÀ̸ç,
ÁúÀÇ(Question)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RQÀÌ´Ù. RRÀÌ RQ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, RR°ú
RQÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿£ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
RNXD(Sent us a negative response) 164719
SNXD(Sent them a negative response) 298214
RNXD´Â ¿äûÇÑ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
SNXD´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇßÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
RFwdR(Sent us a response we had to fwd) 227112
SFwdR(Forwarded a response to them) 227112
RFwdQ(Sent us a query we had to forward) 337570
SFwdQ(Forwarded a query to them) 337570
ResolverÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿©
ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº °á°ú¸¦ Resolver¿¡°Ô
ÅëÁöÇϴµ¥, RFwdRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº Äõ¸®(RR)Áß Æ÷¿öµùÇÒ
Äõ¸®ÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ°í, SFwdRÀº ½ÇÁ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ Äõ¸® °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î RFwdQ´Â
ResolverÀÇ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷¿öµù ¿äûÀ̸ç, SFwdQ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸®¸ðÆ®
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
RDupR(Sent us an extra answer) 869
RDupQ(Sent us a retry) 190
SDupQ(Sent them a retry) 294284
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î TimeoutÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ°Å³ª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àå¾Ö µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò·Î
È£½ºÆ®°£ ÆÐŶ ¼Û/¼ö½Å¿¡ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì, È£½ºÆ®°£¿¡ Áߺ¹µÈ(Retry)
Äõ¸® ¿äûÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RDupRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î
Àü¼ÛÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ ÀÀ´ä([±×¸² 6]ÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Âü°í) Ƚ¼öÀ̸ç, RDupQ´Â ·ÎÄÃ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ(ÇØ´ç ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Ìó ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼
¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÁúÀÇ) Ƚ¼öÀÌ°í, SDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¸®¸ðÆ®
È£½ºÆ®·Î ¿äûÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù.
RFail(Sent us a SERVFAIL) 5176
SFail(Sent them a SERVFAIL) 90
RFailÀº È£½ºÆ®(Remote)ÀÇ À߸øµÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼³Á¤, ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´ç
¿À·ù, SecondaryÀÏ °æ¿ì ExpireµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ±âÀÎÇÑ SERVFAIL
ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SFailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ß¼ÛµÈ SERVFAIL
¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.
RFErr(Sent us a FORMERR) 0
SFErr(Sent them a FORMERR) 0
RFErrÀº ¼ö½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. FORMERR ÀÀ´äÀº ¸®¸ðÆ®
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ º¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. SFErrÀº
¹Ý´ë·Î ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¼Û½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ
ÆÐŶÀü¼Û¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ º» µÎ °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ´Ù.
RErr(Sent us some other error) 245
SErr(Sent failed) 8122
¼ö½ÅµÈ SERVFAIL °ú FORMERR ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö½Å/¼Û½Å ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â
RErr/SErr¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
RAXFR(Sent us an AXFR) 125
AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. °³º°
È£½ºÆ® Ç׸ñ¿¡¼ º» Çʵ尡 0 ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ
¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇؼµµ Secondary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
RLame(Sent us a lame delegation) 170586
À§ÀÓµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß ¸î¸î¿¡´ëÇØ Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì º» °ªÀº
0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áï ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª Primary ȤÀº
Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
ROpts(Sent us some IP options) 0
IP ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì, ROpts°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
SSysQ(Sent them a sysquery) 33963
·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸® Àü¼ÛȽ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸®´Â ¸®¸ðÆ®
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö(·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©) Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
RIQ(Sent us an inverse query) 0
RIQ´Â ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Reserve Domain ¿äû Ƚ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸, ±Ù·¡ÀÇ BIND¿¡¼´Â PTR
queries·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ RIQ´Â Ç×»ó 0ÀÌ´Ù.
RTCP(Sent us a query using TCP) 0
RTCP´Â TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÁúÀÇ È½¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Äõ¸®´Â
UDP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Û/¼ö½ÅµÇ¹Ç·Î º» °ªÀº 0À» °®°Å³ª, ºñÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº
¼öÄ¡¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
SAns(Sent them an answer) 720395
SNaAns(Sent them a non-autoritative answer) 228616
SAns´Â ¿äûµÈ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϸç, °á°ú°¡ ij½¬¿¡¼
¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â SNaAns°¡ Ä«¿îÆ®µÈ´Ù.
6.5. BIND Bebugging Output
BINDÀÇ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸ÞÀÎÅͳͽºÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î
È°¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÇöÀ» »ý°¢Çϰųª BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±»ÀÌ À̸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ BIND¸¦
Á»´õ ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±× ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸
ºÐ¼®¿¡ ¸¹Àº Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ µð¹ö±ë
Ãâ·ÂÁ¤º¸¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.
# kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc trace')
# ping www.openbsd.org.
# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc notrace')
# ls -al /var/named/named.run
-rw-r--r-- 1 root bin 1153 Mar 10 00:30 named.run
BIND´Â USR1 ½Ã±×³ÎÀº ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹¹úÀ» ÇѴܰ辿 ³ô¿©°¡´Âµ¥,
³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§Àº Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº
/var/named/named.run ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì
ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀâÇû´Ù°í ÆǴܵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ USR2
½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. BIND µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº
´Ù¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±â·ÏµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶§·Ð ¿øÇÏ´Â
Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã߸®´Âµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àγ»½ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. BINDÀÇ ÃʱâÈ °úÁ¤À»
»ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é 'named -d 1 &'°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆýà Ŀ¸Çµå¶óÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ»
ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
datagram from [210.105.79.6].3442, fd 21, len 33;
ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ® '210.105.79.6'¿¡¼ Æ÷Æ® 3442¹øÀ¸·Î ±æÀÌ 33 byteÀÇ UDP
ÆÐŶÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ 6¹øÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â
ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅͶõ ¼¹ö IP ÁÖ¼Ò(ÆÐŶÀ» listen ÇÏ´Â)¿¡ boundµÈ ¼ÒÄÏ
Çڵ鷯¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
req: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) id 28375 type=1 class=1
¿äûµÈ datagramÀº 'www.openbsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ(req)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ŭ·¡½º IN(class=1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ A(type=1) ·¹ÄÚµå ¿äûÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎ
±¸ºÐ¹øÈ£´Â 28375·Î ¸Å°ÜÁ³´Ù.
req: missed 'www.openbsd.org' as '' (cname=0)
¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ½(³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ
Authority¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ij½¬¿¡¼µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
'cname=0'´Â 'www.openbsd.org'°¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸»Çϴµ¥,
¹°·Ð Áö±Ý ´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â BIND°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ CNAME ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö
¾øÁö¸¸, º» °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â CNAMEÀÌ °¡¸£Å°´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ë½Å
ã´Â´Ù.
forw: forw -> [198.41.0.10].53 ds=23 nsid=19461 id=28375 5ms retry 4sec
ÀÚü lookup¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è·Î ÁúÀǸ¦
datagram from [198.41.0.10].53, fd 21, len 449;
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19461
;; flags: qr; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 12, Addit: 12
;; QUESTIONS:
;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN
;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:
ORG. 518400 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
ORG. 518400 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
ORG. 518400 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 198.41.0.4
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.36.148.17
K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 518400 IN A 195.8.99.11
ÀÀ´äÀÌ delegation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ÌÀÏ °æ¿ì °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.
°á°ú´Â ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1
ij½¬¿¡¼ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã´Â´Ù.
resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'org' (cname=0)
resp: forw -> [195.8.99.11].53 ds=23 nsid=19462 id=28375 1ms
¿Ïº®ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ORG ·¹º§¿¡¼ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
datagram from [195.8.99.11].53, fd 21, len 219;
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19462
;; flags: qr rd; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 5, Addit: 3
;; QUESTIONS:
;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN
;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:
OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS ZEUS.THEOS.COM.
OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS CVS.OPENBSD.org.
OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS NS.SIGMASOFT.COM.
;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
ZEUS.THEOS.COM. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.1
CVS.OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.3
NS.SIGMASOFT.COM. 172800 IN A 209.249.129.35
µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.
resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1
resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'openbsd.org' (cname=0)
ij½¬¿¡¼ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ã´Â °úÁ¤ Áß, 'openbsd.org.' ·¹º§ÀÇ
À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
resp: forw -> [199.185.137.3].53 ds=23 nsid=19467 id=28375 22ms
datagram from [199.185.137.3].53, fd 21, len 272;
ÀÀ´ä(A)À» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. (µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§ 1¿¡¼´Â À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ±â
¶§¹®¿¡, °á°úÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À»
Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù)
send_msg -> [210.105.79.6].3442 (UDP 21) id=28375
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °Ë»öµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, 28375 Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
󸮰¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù.
7. DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸
7.1. NSLOOKUP
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ
ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇغ¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡
±âº» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â nslookupÀº dig¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸·Î½á, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀúÀÇ ±âº» ¹«±âÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
$ nslookup
Default Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.2
> exit
nslookupÀº ½ÇÇàÈÄ ´ëÈÇü ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ® '>'¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
'nslookup'Àº BIND¿Í ´Þ¸® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¸À» ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡
'Default NS -> Timeout -> Error'¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
7.1.1. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö
nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÏ°í, IP
ÁÖ¼Ò(in-addr.arpa)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â PTR ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. 'set type=RR'
¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î A ·¹ÄÚµå ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ÇÇÑ °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, RR(Resource
Record)¿¡´Â A,ANY,CNAME,HINFO,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,TXT µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß
ANY´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂÇ϶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù.
> www.kr.freebsd.org. # IP °Ë»ö
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Address: 150.183.110.39
> ftp.kr.freebsd.org.
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org # ftp´Â wwwÀÇ CNAME
Address: 150.183.110.39
Aliases: ftp.kr.freebsd.org
> 150.183.110.39 # µµ¸ÞÀÎ °Ë»ö
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Address: 150.183.110.39
> set type=MX # MX ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö
> kr.freebsd.org.
kr.freebsd.org preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.kr.freebsd.org
> set type=NS # NS ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö
> kr.freebsd.org. # µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ
kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2
ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3
> 46.102.39.in-addr.arpa. # Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ
kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2
ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3
7.1.2. ±âº» Äõ¸® ¼¹ö º¯°æ
nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î recurse ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Ð ÇØ´ç
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®´Â ƯÁ¤ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿©
Authoritative ÀÀ´ä(³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
'server', 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¦ º¯°æ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ
¸í·ÉÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò(Äõ¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)¸¦ ãÀ» ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÁúÀÇ
¼¹öÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, 'server'´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±âº» ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ°í, »ç¿ëÇÔÀÌ
´Ù¸£´Ù. 'lserver'¸í·ÉÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§Äª ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§ÄªÇÏ·Á Çϴµ¥, ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇØ´ç
³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.
$ nslookup
Default Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.2
nslookup ±¸µ¿½ÃÀÇ ±âº» ¼¹ö 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÌ 'lserver' ¸í·É¿¡¼
ÁÖ¾îÁø NSÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö°¡ µÈ´Ù.
> server ns.jp.freebsd.org. # ±âº» ¼¹ö º¯°æ
Default Server: ns.jp.freebsd.org
Address: 199.100.7.25
> server ns.nobreak.com.
*** Can't find address for server ns.nobreak.com: Non-existent host/domain
ns.jp.freebsd.org¸¦ ÅëÇØ ns.nobreak.comÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̶§¿¡´Â
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
> lserver ns.nobreak.com.
Default Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.2
·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö·Î ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§´Â, °£´ÜÈ÷ 'root' ¸í·ÉÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
> root
Default Server: a.root-servers.net
Address: 198.41.0.4
7.1.3. ³×ÀÓ ¼¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ResolverÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸç,
¿©·¯ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çϴµ¥, nslookupÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æº¸µµ·Ï
ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀÎÅͳݻ󿡼 ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼¹öµé °£¿¡´Â ¾î¶²
»ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À» ¹ÞÀ»
¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
[Image]
[±×¸² 7] ³×ÀÓ¼¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ
1.
> set norecurse # Iterative ¸ðµå·Î Àüȯ
> www.kr.freebsd.org.
Server: ns.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.2
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Served by:
- H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
128.63.2.53
ORG
- B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
128.9.0.107
ORG
...
2.
> server h.root-servers.net.
> www.kr.freebsd.org.
Server: h.root-servers.net
Address: 128.63.2.53
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Served by:
- WHO.CDROM.COM
204.216.27.3
FREEBSD.ORG
- NS1.CRL.COM
165.113.1.36
FREEBSD.ORG
- NS2.CRL.COM
165.113.61.37
FREEBSD.ORG
3.
> server who.cdrom.com.
> www.kr.freebsd.org.
Server: who.cdrom.com
Address: 204.216.27.3
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Served by:
- ns.kr.freebsd.org
150.183.110.2
kr.freebsd.org
- ns2.kr.freebsd.org
150.183.110.3
kr.freebsd.org
4.
> server ns.kr.freebsd.org.
> www.kr.freebsd.org.
Server: ns.kr.freebsd.org
Address: 150.183.110.2
Name: www.kr.freebsd.org
Address: 150.183.110.39
7.1.4. Zone Transfer
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹»çº»À» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ, Primary·ÎºÎÅÍ Zone
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ²ø¾î¿À´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Zone Transfer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁÖ·Î
Secondary NS Ãø¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¶§¶§·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡
µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ȤÀº ZoneÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡
¼öµ¿À¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Zone Transfer´Â Authority¸¦ °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡
Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, nslookup »ó¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç NS·Î ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¦
º¯°æÇÑÈÄ, 'ls' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
> server ns.kr.freebsd.org.
> ls -t A kr.freebsd.org # A ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â
kr.freebsd.org. server = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org. server = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
mail 150.183.110.32
mqueue 150.183.110.33
www 150.183.110.39
www2 150.183.110.40
> ls -d kr.freebsd.org # ¸ðµç ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â
kr.freebsd.org. SOA ns.nobreak.com hostmaster.kr.freebsd.org.
(1999031501 21600 1800 1209600 86400)
kr.freebsd.org. NS ns.nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org. NS ns2.nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org. MX 10 mail.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org. MX 20 mqueue.kr.freebsd.org
cvsup CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org
mail A 150.183.110.32
mqueue A 150.183.110.33
ftp CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org
ftp2 CNAME www2.kr.freebsd.org
ftp3 CNAME ftp.free.nobreak.com
www A 150.183.110.39
www HINFO Pentium-200 FreeBSD 2.2.8
www TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"
www2 A 150.183.110.40
www2 HINFO Pentium-133MHz FreeBSD 2.2.8
www2 TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"
> ls -t MX kr.freebsd.org > MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀå
> view MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë È®ÀÎ
BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì 'named-xfer'¶ó´Â ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ Zone Transfer¸¦
¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ìÀÇ
󸮰úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
secondary kr.freebsd.org 210.105.79.2 sec-kr.freebsd.org
BIND´Â 'secondary' ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸¸³ª¸é ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
loop(Interval == TTL) {
named-xfer -z kr.freebsd.org -f /var/named/sec-kr.freebsd.org -s Current_Serial 210.105.79.2
switch ( $? ) { // 'named-xfer'´Â ȯ°æ º¯¼ö '$?'¿¡ °á°ú¸¦ º¹±ÍÇÔ
case 0 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °°À½, Zone Transfer°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½
case 1 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½, Zone Transfer°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÊ
case 2 : ERROR; // ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½
// ȤÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ½
case 3 : ERROR: // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇ À¯Áö
}
primary kr.freebsd.org sec-kr.freebsd.org
}
º¸¾ÈÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Çã¶ôµÈ °÷(¿¹: Secondary NS's IP)¿¡¼¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦
Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Primary NSÀÇ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù.
(Zone Transfer¸¸À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º° Äõ¸®´Â
Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù)
xfrnets 210.105.79.3&255.255.255.255 210.105.80.128&255.255.255.128
ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-4ÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¹Àε¥, IP 210.105.79.3°ú 210.105.80.129-254
¿¡¼¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â °³º° IP¿Í
¼ºê³ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø ºí·°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ``IP&Mask''ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸ñ·ÏÀ»
ÀÛ¼ºÇϸç, Ŭ·¡½º Àüü¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ '210.105.79.0'°ú °°ÀÌ
¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.
options {
allow-transfer { localnets; 210.105.79.3; };
};
BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¼¹ö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í, 210.105.79.3¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÑ
¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. localnets´Â ¿¹¾à¾îÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â any, none, localhost °¡
ÀÖ´Ù.
7.1.5. ÃʱâÈ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc'
nslookupÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã '~/.nslookuprc' ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸé, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿É¼ÇÀ»
Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å¹ø ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, º» ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °£ÆíÈÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.
* .nslookuprc ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹
set type=NS
set nosearch
set debug
7.2. DIG
Dig(Domain Information Groper)ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¶±Ý¸¸ ¤¾îº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
»ó¼¼ÇÏ¿©, Shell Scriptµî¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ns.kornet.ne.krÀ»
ÅëÇØ www.nobreak.comÀÇ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.
$ dig [@³×ÀÓ¼¹ö] µµ¸ÞÀÎ [Äõ¸®Å¸ÀÔ] [+Äõ¸®¿É¼Ç]
$ dig @ns.kornet.ne.kr www.nobreak.com A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.nobreak.com. 16h12m36s IN CNAME ns.nobreak.com.
ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ns.nobreak.com.
nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ns2.nobreak.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com. 1d1h46m58s IN A 210.105.79.3
DIG´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ANSWER SECTION¿¡, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´Â
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸¸¦ AUTHORITY SECTION¿¡, ±×¸®°í, ±Û·ç·¹ÄÚµå µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì
±×¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ADDITIONAL SECTION¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.
7.3. DNSWALK
Dnswalk´Â Perl·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î½á Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â
MX, PTRÀÌ ¾ø´Â A, À߸øµÈ CNAME, À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À̸§¹®ÀÚ, ´©¶ôµÈ
Æ®·¹Àϸµ µµÆ®, ºÒÇʿ䳪 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå, Lame Delegation µî Zone
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ¹Ìó ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À»
Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. DnswalkÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÁ¯Àº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼ ¾òÀ»
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
o
$ dnswalk -raFl freebsd.org.
Checking freebsd.org.
Getting zone transfer of freebsd.org. from ns2.iafrica.com...done.
SOA=implode.root.com contact=hostmaster.freebsd.org
FAIL: Cannot get SOA record for pt.freebsd.org from zeus.ci.ua.pt
(lame?): Connection refused
BAD: lv.freebsd.org NS ns.fasts.com: lame NS delegation
BAD: eu.freebsd.org NS server.zsb.th-darmstadt.de: unknown host
WARN: irc3.freebsd.org CNAME irc.nocturnal.net: CNAME (to nocturnal.net)
WARN: ns.th.freebsd.org A 203.154.230.20: no PTR record
WARN: irc2.freebsd.org CNAME va.i-Plus.net: unknown host
1 failures, 3 warnings, 1 errors.
Dnswalk´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Zone Transfer ÇÑ ÈÄ
³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Dig¿Í Resolver ·çƾÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. DelegationµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
µû¶ó°¡¸ç °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇѹøÂë
»ç¿ëÇغ½Á÷ ÇÏ´Ù.
8. Miscellaneous
8.1. FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)
FQDNÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â¹ýÀ» ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Ä¡ Áß
µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé, 'YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM.'À»
ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ FQDNÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦
»ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Namespace °èÃþ»ó¿¡¼ ÃÖÁ¾ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â
µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
www(È£½ºÆ®¸í), yahoo.com.(µµ¸ÞÀθí), www.yahoo.com.(FQDN)
¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ
³¡¿¡ µµÆ®('.' ·çÆ® µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸Åë µµÆ®¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ°í
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
8.2. DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀڷνá, ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
Á¶±Ý ½±°Ô Ç®¾îº¸¸é, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï,
ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â °¢°¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °èÃþ»óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ»
°ü¸®ÇÏ°í, Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® Resolver´Â ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ»êµÈ
ÀÚ·áÁß ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ÀÌ °ÍÀ» DNS ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
BIND´Â Berkeley Internet Name DomainÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸é¼, '¿öÅ©¸Ç'À̶õ ´Ü¾îó·³ DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ĪÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷§Æû¿¡
Æ÷ÆõǾú°í, °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
8.3. BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö
BIND´Â 1999³â 1¿ù ÇöÀç BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 1998³â
5¿ù 11ÀÏ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹öÀü 4.9.7ÀÌ ¸±¸®ÁîµÇ¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ BIND-4 °¡Áö´Â
¸¶°¨µÇ¾ú°í, BIND-8 °¡Áö´Â ÇöÀç 8.2¸¦ ¸±¸®ÁîÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-8Àº
RFC2136, RFC1996À» ¼ö·ÅÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò°ú º¸¾ÈÀÌ Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ¾î
¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ Å×Áö¸¸, ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ
¸Þ´ÏÀú¿Í OS º¥´õ°¡ ¿À·£±â°£ °ËÁõµÈ BIND-4¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, µÎ
°¡Áö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ »ó´ç±â°£ °øÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÁÖ È帧Àº
BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.
BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º¯ÈÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â
ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ named.boot ÀÌ°í, BIND-8¿¡¼´Â named.conf ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÆ®
ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛ¼º ¹æ¹ýµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ Zone ÆÄÀÏ°ú ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ µîÀº
µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, BIND-4¿¡¼ BIND-8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦
¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÁ¹öÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á·ÇÏ´Ù.
8.4. Public Domain
º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̶ó Çϸé ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª
Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º °¡Áö »ó¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
Áï, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ© µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿©µµ
ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ Á÷Á¢ resolvingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â
Æó¼â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç³»¿¡¼ º¸¾ÈµîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °£È¤ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
8.5. CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ
CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº DNS Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. A
·¹Äڵ常À» »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â
°æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â °ü·Ã ÀڷḶ´Ù 'µÈ´Ù/¾ÈµÈ´Ù' ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ µé¾î°¡
ÀÖ°í, Ãʱâ RFC¿¡¼´Â À̸¦ ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, BIND implementationÀº
À̸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¾È È®´ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ À̴ Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼ºñ½º¸¦
AliasingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ°í
ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼öÁ¤À»
Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ³»¿ªÀ» Æı޽ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ
¿©·¯¸ð·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ý(MX, SOA,
NSµîÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Í)¸¸ ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é CNAMEÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô
È°¿ë µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
8.6. Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¸é ½Ç¼ö¸¦
ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
1. TABÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿À» ¸ÂÃá´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºüÁø ·¹Äڵ带 ã´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
2. TTL °ªµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÃÊ´ÜÀ§¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£¸¦
»ç¿ëÇØ ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î ±âÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
3. È£½ºÆ® Á¤ÀÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¸ðµÎ FQDN
Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù.
ftp IN MX mail
www IN CNAME power
ftp.nobreak.com. IN MX mail.nobreak.com.
www.nobreak.com. IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
ȤÀº ÁÂÃøÀº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ¿ìÃø¿£ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸¦
CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á»´õ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ°í ¸¹ÀÌ
»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ftp IN MX mail.nobreak.com.
www IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
4. °¡´ÉÇϸé, ¾ËÆĺª ¼ø¼´ë·Î ³ª¿ÇÏ¿©, Áߺ¹ Á¤ÀǵǴ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¾øµµ·Ï
ÇÑ´Ù.
8.7. ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå (Glue Record)
±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â A ·¹Äڵ带 ¸»Çϸç,
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 150.183.110.2 ; ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå
ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö NS¿¡¼ ±Û·Î ·¹ÄÚµå
'ns.kr.freebsd.org'°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå
'ns.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ IP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦
Á¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. ; (X) Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå
ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.kr.freebsd.org. ; (O) ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë
À̸¦ Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå¶ó Çϸç, Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î
IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å°Ü°¡°Å³ª ¾ø¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·ç
·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
8.8. Lame Delegation
Lame delegationÀ̶õ Namespace »ó¿¡¼ ±ú¾îÁø ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
nms.nobreak.com IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com.
IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °®À¸³ª, µÎ
¼¹ö Áß Çϳª ȤÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â
°æ¿ì, Áï Primary, Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ Lame
delegation¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.
8.9.
Name Server´Â ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº
ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Namespace¸¦ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ºü¸£°Ô
ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Resolving½Ã ¾òÀº TTL(Time To Live) ½Ã°£
µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸ À¯È¿ÇÏ°í, TTL °æ°úÈÄ¿¡´Â ÆıâµÈ´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ
Resolving ¿äû½Ã ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â ¸¸±âµÇ¾î ÇØ´ç
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ÀڷḦ ¾ò¾î ´äº¯À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì°¡
'Authoritative answer'ÀÌ´Ù.
8.10. Positive & Negative Caching
½ÇÁ¦ »ýÈ°¿¡¼ Resolving ¿äûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù.
$ finger @kfug.kr.freebsd.org
$ talk nobreak@kfug.kr.freebsd.org
µû¶ó¼, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â Çѹø °Ë»öÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ À¯ÁöÇÏ¿©, ÈÄ¿¡
¿äûµÉ °°Àº ÁúÀǸ¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϵµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é,
Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ±î? ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À߸øµÈ
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûµµ ¸¹ÀÌ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °æ¿ì ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ
°¡Áö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Ž»öÇϹǷÎ, ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Æ®·¡ÇÈ Áõ°¡¶ó´Â ¹®Á¦µµ
Á¦±âµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ÀÌ·¸µí À߸øµÈ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°úµµ ij½ÌÇÏ¿©
ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ Negative ij½ÌÀ̶ó Çϸç, ¹Ý´ë·Î °Ë»öÀÌ
µÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä³½ÌÀ» Positive ij½ÌÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
Âü°í·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ij½¬¸¦ º°µµ·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÈÄ¿¡´Â Çà¾÷(kill -HUP) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
8.11. Iterative(Nonrecursive) & Recursive ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Recursive ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(À̸¦ 'Stub
Resolver'¶ó ÇÑ´Ù)ÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ Namespace¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑÈÄ °á°ú¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ Iterative ¸ðµå¿¡¼´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÁúÀÇ(ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äû)¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀÀ´ä °¡´ÉÇÑ NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â Recursive ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, Iterative ¸ðµå´Â ·çÆ®¼¹ö¿Í °°ÀÌ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö(³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ Åë½Å¿¡´Â Iterative ¸ðµå°¡
»ç¿ëµÊ)¿¡¼ °ú´ÙÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â
Iterative ¸ðµå·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö
¸ñ·Ï(¿¹:resolv.conf, À©µµ¿ìÀÇ DNS ã±â¸ñ·Ï)¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
BIND-4¿¡¼´Â ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ 'options no-recursion'À» Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á,
Iterative ¸ðµå·Î ÀüȯÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿£ options ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡
'recursion no;'¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
8.12. RTT(Round Trip Time)°ú Nameserver ¼±ÅÃ
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°£¿¡ ÁúÀÇ, ÀÀ´ä¿¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ½Ã°£À» Round Trip TimeÀ̶ó
ÇÑ´Ù.(Recursive ¸ðµåÇÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ÃÑ °Ë»ö ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù) BIND´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î
Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT °ªÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡, ¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡´ëÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ
Authority NS Áß RTT °ªÀÌ °¡Àå ³·Àº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ¸ÕÀú ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. Authority
NSµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°íÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì¿£, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Àüü¿¡
ÁúÀÇ(µ¿½Ã¿¡)¸¦ º¸³»¾î ºü¸¥ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¾òÀ½°ú ÇÔ²² ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î RTT¸¦
ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. RTT°¡ ÃøÁ¤µÈ ´ÙÀ½ºÎÅÍ´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ RTT°¡ °¡Àå
ÀûÀº ¼¹ö·Î ¸ÕÀú º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸î¸î ¼¹ö¸¸ÀÌ °è¼Ó »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦
¸·±âÀ§ÇØ Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¶§ ¸¶´Ù ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT°ªÀ» Á¶±Ý¾¿
Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
8.13. ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå (Âü°í RFC1034 p25)
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå(*) »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÈ´Ù.
* IN A 210.105.79.20
¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå´Â 'Zone¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®µé'¿¡ ¸ÅÇεǹǷÎ, ZoneÀÇ ¸ðµç
È£½ºÆ®µé¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÏ¿©¼± ¾È µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÈçÇÑ ½Ç¼ö´Â
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ´Ù.
* IN MX mail
°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇÑ°÷À¸·Î ¸ðÀ¸±â À§ÇØ,
¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå¿Í MX¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±â´ëÇÑ ´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»
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¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
8.14. Serial Number Á¶Á¤
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½Ç¼ö·Î »ðÀÔµÈ '0'Àº ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 ¿À¹öÇÃ·Î¿ì ½ÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ SecondaryÀÇ
ZoneÀº Àå±â°£ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.
1. Secondary¸¦ Á÷Á¢ °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ÕÀú Primary ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ»
Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Zone ÆÄÀÏ(Zone
TransferµÈ)À» »èÁ¦ÇÑÈÄ BIND¸¦ Àç ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù.
2. Secondary°¡ Ÿ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ¾î ¾ÕÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì,
ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ» '0'À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary´Â '0'À» Serial·Î °®´Â
Zone¿¡ ´ëÇؼ, ¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ °ÇàÇϹǷÎ, Refresh Áֱ⸸Å
±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Serial·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
nslookup -type=SOA kr.freebsd.org ns2.nobreak.com
Secondry°¡ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ Serial ¹øÈ£´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö
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8.15. IP º¯µ¿¿¡ µû¸¥ TTL Á¶Á¤
¼ºñ½º µÇ°íÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯°æÀÌ ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç
È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ TTLÀ» Àӽ÷Π10ºÐ(6000sec) Á¤µµ·Î ³·Ãß¾î µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
www 6000 IN A 210.105.79.6
Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¾Æ¿¹ ij½ÌÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ TTLÀ» 0À¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ
³ª»ÚÁø ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¾ï¼¼½º ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â
ResolvingÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Maximum
Propagation Delay Time(Á¶Á¤ÀüÀÇ TTL + Á¶Á¤Àü SOAÀÇ Refresh) ¸¸Å
±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ÀÛ¾÷(IP º¯°æ)ÇÏ¸é µÇ´Âµ¥, °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© º¯°æÀÌ
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1-2ÀÏ Á¤µµ µÚ¿¡ TTLÀ» ¿ø»ó º¹±ÍÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÇØ´ç Zone¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ¸ðµç
È£½ºÆ®°¡ ´ë»óÀÏ °æ¿ì¿£, SOA ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Minimum°ªÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î
Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.
8.16. ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯ (Load Sharing Between Mirrored
Servers)
¼¹ö°¡ È÷Æ®¼ö¸¦ °¨´çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì, ±× ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î½á ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ
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°°ÀÌ, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¿äûÀ» °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼¹ö·Î ¿¬°áÇØÁÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
»ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼ ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. Shuffle AddressesÀ̶ó
ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ±â¹ýÀº BIND 4.9 ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.
www 180 IN A 210.105.79.101
180 IN A 210.105.79.102
180 IN A 210.105.79.103
ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸í¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IPÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ÇØ´ç
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¶ó¿îµå ·Îºó ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name: www.nobreak.com
Addresses: 210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name: www.nobreak.com
Addresses: 210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name: www.nobreak.com
Addresses: 210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ·Îµå ¹ß·£½Ì(Load Balancing)Àº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â 3´ëÀÇ
¼¹ö¿¡ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ °øÆòÇÏ°Ô Á¢¼ÓµÇ¹Ç·Î, ºÎÇϸ¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö
ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ÜºÎ·Î´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθ¸À» ¾Ë¸®¸é µÇ¹Ç·Î, ¼¹öÀÇ È®Àå ¹×
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³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© TTLÀ» ³·°Ô Ã¥Á¤(TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ¿äûÀÌ
µé¾î¿Àµµ·Ï)ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁ´Ù.
¶ÇÇϳªÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAMEÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î
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¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
options {
multiple-cnames yes;
};
ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-8 ¿¡¼¸¸ °¡´ÉÇϸç, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î YAHOO(www.yahoo.com)°¡
ÀÌ·¸ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÈ´Ù.
www 180 IN CNAME www1.nobreak.com.
180 IN CNAME www2.nobreak.com.
180 IN CNAME www3.nobreak.com.
www1 180 IN A 210.105.79.101
www2 180 IN A 210.105.79.102
www3 180 IN A 210.105.79.103
´Ù¼öÀÇ A ·¹ÄÚµå ¹æ½ÄÀº ResolverÀÇ ·ÎÄà NS°¡ Authority NS¿¡¼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ
IP(¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóµÈ)¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ¾Æ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØ µÐ ÈÄ ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ¶ó¿îµå
·Îºó󸮸¦ ÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAME ¹æ½ÄÀº ·ÎÄà NS°¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À»
³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚü ¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÉ ¶§±îÁö
ÇØ´ç ResolverµéÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
o Authority NS¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com
Name: www1.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.101
Aliases: www.nobreak.com
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com
Name: www2.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.102
Aliases: www.nobreak.com
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com
Name: www3.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.103
Aliases: www.nobreak.com
o NSÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ã °æ¿ì
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr
Name: www2.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.102
Aliases: www.nobreak.com
$ nslookup www.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www2.nobreak.com
Address: 210.105.79.102
Aliases: www.nobreak.com
Âü°í·Î, ·Îµå ¹ß·£½ÌÀ» ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ µû¶ó ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ»
Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â ±â°è°¡ º°µµ·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
9. Bibliography
1. Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu, ``DNS and BIND 3rd Edition'', O'Reilly &
Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-512-2, Sep 1998
2. Paul Albitz, Matt Larson & Cricket Liu, ``DNS on Windows NT'',
O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-511-4, Oct 1998
3. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail 2nd Edition'', O'Reilly &
Associates, ISBN 1-56592-222-0, Jan 1997
4. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail Desktop Reference'',
O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-278-6, Mar 1997
5. H. Eidnes, G. de Groot & P. Vixie, "Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA
delegation", RFC2317, Mar 1998
6. M. Andrews, ``Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)'',
RFC2308, Mar 1998
7. O. Vaughan, ``A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation'', RFC2240,
Nov 1997
8. M. Hamilton, ``Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services'', RFC2219,
Oct 1997
9. R. Elz, R. Bush & S. Bradner, "Selection and Operation of Secondary
DNS Servers", RFC2182, Jul 1997
10.
S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter & J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain
Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC2136, Apr 1997
11.
P. Vixie, "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS
NOTIFY)", RFC1996, Aug 1996
12.
C. Everhart, L. Mamakos & R. Ullmann, "New DNS RR Definitions",
RFC1183, Oct 1990
13.
P. Mockapetris, "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification",
RFC1035, Nov 1987
14.
P. Mockapetris, ``Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities'',
RFC1034, Nov 1987
15.
M. Lottor, ``Domain Administrators Operations Guide'', RFC1033, Nov
1987
16.
M. Stahl, ``Domain Administrators Guide'', RFC1032, Nov 1987