KERNELD MINI-HOWTO Version 1.7, last updated: July 19, 1997 by Henrik Storner (storner@osiris.ping.dk ) ¹ø¿ª: 1998³â 10¿ù 3ÀÏ, Á¤À翵(cychong@metro.telecom.samsung.co.kr ) ÀÌ ¹®¼­ÀÇ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù ¹öÀüÀº http://eolicom.olicom.dk/ storner /kerneld- mini-HOWTO.html ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. http://eolicom.olicom.dk/ storner/kern.html¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯°¡Áö mini- HOWTO »çÀÌÀÇ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Credits ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ Ʋ¸° Á¡À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ mini-HOWTO¿¡ ±â°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. * Bjorn Ekwall < bj0rn@blox.se > * Ben Galliart < bgallia@luc.edu > * Cedric Tefft < cedric@earthling.net > * Brian Miller > * James C. Tsiao > ÀÌ mini-HOWTO¸¦ ÀÐÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â °Ý·Á¿Í Á¦¾È¿¡ ¸Å¿ì °¨»çÇÑ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¸ñÂ÷ 1. kerneld ¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?? 2. ¿Ö kerneld ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇϴ°¡? 3. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸Çϴ°¡? 4. ¼³Á¤Àº ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡? 5. ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÉ Áö kerneld´Â ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡? 6. kerneldÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ ¿³º¸±â 7. kerneldÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ »ç¿ë 8. ÈçÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡µé ______________________________________________________________________ 1. kerneld ¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?? kerneld´Â Ejorn Ekwall¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ä¿³Î °³¹ß ¹öÀü 1.3¿¡¼­ ¼Ò°³µÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2.0°ú 2.1´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ kerneld´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ "¸ðµâ" - ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µîµî - À» »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ modprobe³ª insmod¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ¸ðµâÀ» ¿¢¼¼½ºÇÒ ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³Î°ú ÅëÇÕµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¸î °¡Áö ³î¶ó¿î ±â´ÉµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. o ±âº» ½ºÅ©¸° ºê·©Ä¿ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» µ¿ÀÛ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾î, ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸° ¼¼À̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. o ½ºÅ©¸° ºí·©Ä¿ Áö¿ø°ú À¯»çÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÁØ ÄܼÖÀÇ º§ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. kerneld´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¶¸³µÈ ¿£Æ¼Æ¼·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. o ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¾î¶² ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ¥¸ó¿¡°Ô ½ÅÈ£(request)¸¦ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. o Ä¿³Î·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¾î¶² ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼öÁØÀÇ µ¥¸ó. ÀÌ µÎ°³ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸ðµÎ kerneld°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϴµ¥ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ´Ù. Áï ÀÌ Áß ¾î´À Çϳª°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¾ÊÀ¸¸é µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 2. ¿Ö kerneld ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇϴ°¡? kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥´Â ¸î °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀº ³ªÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. o ¸¸ÀÏ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¾çÀ» °®´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÒ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå - »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¸Å ½Ã½ºÅÛ¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé°í ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¸ðµâÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. o ¸ðµâÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ Á» ´õ ½±°Ô Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °³¹ßÀڴ ƯÁ¤ µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϰųª ¾ð·ÎµåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸®ºÎÆ®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.(ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ kerneld¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåµÈ °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç ¸ðµâ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù) o kerneld´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®À» ÁÙ¿©ÁØ´Ù. Áï ´Ù¸¥ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» µ¹¸®´Âµ¥ Á» ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â o Àý´ë·Î* ½º¿û ¾Æ¿ô(Swap Out, ¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô µ¹·ÁÁشٴ ÀǹÌ)µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡°Ô 100kbÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇß´Ù¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö RAMÀ» ³¶ºñÇÑ ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù. o ³»°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ftape Ç÷ÎÇÇ Å×ÀÌÇÁ µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª iBCS - ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµâÀÇ ÇüÅ·θ¸ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¸Å¹ø ÀÌ ¸ðµâ ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ·ÎµùÇÏ´Â ¹ø°Å·Î¿òÀ» °Þ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù. o ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»À» ¸¸µå´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº 284°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÆ® À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀνºÅç ¹æ¹ýÀº ·¹µåÇÞ 4.0¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¾ÊÀº ÀÌÀ¯µµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸ðµç µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÇϳªÀÇ Ä¿³Î À̹ÌÁö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼­¸¦ Àд °ÍÀº ½Ã°£ ³¶ºñÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 3. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸Çϴ°¡? Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ÀÇ kerneld Áö¿øÀº ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 1.3.57¿¡¼­ µµÀԵǾú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ À̰ͺ¸´Ù ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» ³ô¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¸®´ª½º »çÀÌÆ®µéÀº Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù - °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é °¡Àå ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤ ¹öÀüÀÎ 2.0À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å ÇÏ±æ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/system/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼öÁØÀÇ µ¥¸óÀº modules-1.2.8 °ú »õ·Î¿î modules-2.0 ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°Íµé ¿ª½Ã Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¿Í °°Àº Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¾Æ·¡°¡ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Àå¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/sbin/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz funet.fi/pub/Linux/tools/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz ÁÖÀÇ: ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ 2.1 °³¹ßÀÚ ¹öÀü¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâ ·Îµå ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ modutils-(modules- ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 2.1´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 4. ¼³Á¤Àº ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡? ¸ÕÀú ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù: Àû´çÇÑ ¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ modules- utilities. ±×¸®°í modules-utilities¸¦ ÀνºÅçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¼Ò½º¸¦ Ǭ ´ÙÀ½ make installÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº genksysm, insmod, lsmod, modprobe, depmod, kerneld µéÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© /sbin¿¡ ÀνºÅçÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöµµ·Ï ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/rc.d/rc.SÆÄÀÏ (½½·¢¿þ¾îÀÇ °æ¿ì) À̳ª /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit (µ¥ºñ¾È, ·¹µåÇÞ, Ä®µ¥¶ó¿Í °°Àº SysVinit¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì)¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. # Start kerneld - this should happen very early in the # boot process, certainly BEFORE you run fsck on filesystems # that might need to have disk drivers autoloaded if [ -x /sbin/kerneld ] then /sbin/kerneld fi # Your standard fsck commands go here # And you mount command to mount the root fs read-write # Update kernel-module dependencies file # Your root-fs MUST be mounted read-write by now if [ -x /sbin/depmod ] then /sbin/depmod -a fi ù¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº kerneld ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ 'depmod -a'¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. depmod ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ¸ðµâÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ±×°Íµé °£ÀÇ ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ : ÃÖ±Ù ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld´Â GNU dbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸®, libgdbm°ú ¸µÅ©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ module-utilites¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» È°¼ºÈ­½ÃŲ °æ¿ì libgdbmÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é kerneld´Â µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é /usr°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄƼ¼Ç ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í /usrÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ±â Àü¿¡ kerneld°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì /usr/libÀÇ libgdbmÀ» /lib·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª kerneld¸¦ Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½, Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¸¦ Ç®°í configure¸¦ ÇÏ°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é Linux Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ·çÆ® µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â README¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀоîºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. make config¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [Y/n/?] Y Loadable module support¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é kerneld°¡ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Yes¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Kernel daemon support (CONFIG_KERNELD) [Y/n/?] Y ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Normal floppy disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD) [M/n/y/?] ¿©±â¼­ MÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϸé ÇØ´ç ±â´ÉÀÌ ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵȴÙ. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽º - Çϵåµð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¸ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¸ðµå ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. µÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ºÎÆ® À̹ÌÁö¸¦ µÎ´Â °÷À̳ª LILO¿¡¼­ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡ º¹»ç ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ºôµåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á» ´ú ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é comp.os.linux.answers ¿¡ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷½ºÆ®µÇ°í sunsite.unc.eduÀÇ /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTOÀÇ Kernel-HOWTO¸¦ Âü°íÇÑ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ /etc/conf.modules ¸¸ÀÏ ±âº» Æнº¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Æнº¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ·Á¸é, Ãß°¡ÇÏ·Á´Â Æнº »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç ±âº» Æнºµµ Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ Æнº°¡ modprobe°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº» Æнº¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´ëüÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´ë°³ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±æ ¹Ù¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù. alias³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á÷Á¢ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº modprobe°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ Ãß°¡µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ alias³ª ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀçÁ¤ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±âº» ¼³Á¤À» ´ë½ÅÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Block devices) ______________________________________________________________________ '/sbin/modprobe -c'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé kerneld°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµâµéÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï°ú ¾î¶² ½ÅÈ£µéÀÌ ÀÌ°Í°ú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£´Â ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 2¸¦ °®´Â ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÌ´Ù. osiris:~ $ /sbin/modprobe -c | grep floppy alias block-major-2 floppy ¿Ö ºí·° ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£°¡ 2Àϱî? ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â /dev/fd* Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀÌ ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 2¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. osiris:~ $ ls -l /dev/fd0 /dev/fd1 brw-rw-rw- 1 root root 2, 0 Mar 3 1995 /dev/fd0 brw-r--r-- 1 root root 2, 1 Mar 3 1995 /dev/fd1 ______________________________________________________________________ ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Character devices) ______________________________________________________________________ ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ftape Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö ´Â ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 27À» °®´Â´Ù. osiris:~ $ ls -lL /dev/ftape crw-rw---- 1 root disk 27, 0 Jul 18 1994 /dev/ftape ±×·¯³ª ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î kerneld´Â ftape µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº '/sbin/modprobe -c'ÀÇ °á°ú ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ µé¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î kerneld°¡ ftape µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/conf.modules¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. alias char-major-27 ftape ______________________________________________________________________ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Network devices) ______________________________________________________________________ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â 'char-major-xxx' ³ª 'block-major-yyy'ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ´ë½Å µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ƯÈ÷ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î eth0·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ne2000 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. alias eth0 ne ¸¸ÀÏ µå¶óºñ¾î¿¡ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³Ñ±â·Á¸é - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ IRQ µî - 'options'¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. options ne irq=5 ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld°¡ NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. /sbin/modprobe ne irq=5 ¹°·Ð ½ÇÁ¦ ¿É¼ÇÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµâ¿¡°Ô¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸Ë(Binary formats) ______________________________________________________________________ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸Ë ¿ª½Ã À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ kerneld°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ·ÎµåÇÒ Áö ¸ð¸£´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù kerneld´Â 'binfmt-xxx'¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ xxx´Â ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸ËÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¸î°³ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®·ÎºÎÅÍ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â ¼ýÀÚ ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ZMAGIC (a.out) ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸ËÀ» À§ÇÑ binfmt_aoutÀ» ·ÎµåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ kerneld ¼³Á¤Àº alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout ZMAGIC ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÅÁ÷ ³Ñ¹ö(/etc/magic ÂüÁ¶)´Â 267ÀÌ´Ù.(/etc/magic ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸¸é ¼ýÀÚ°¡ 0413À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld°¡ 8Áø¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ°í, 8Áø¼ö 413Àº 10Áø¼ö 267ÀÌ´Ù. a.out ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¥ 3°¡Áö º¯Á¾ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ°Íµé ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â binfmt_aoutÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é alias binfmt-264 binfmt_aout # pure executable (NMAGIC) alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout # demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC) alias binfmt-204 binfmt_aout # demand-paged executable (QMAGIC) a.out, Java ±×¸®°í iBCS ÀÌÁø Æ÷¸ËÀº kerneld¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀνĵǹǷΠƯº°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤Àº ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ Line disciplines (slip, cslip and ppp) ______________________________________________________________________ Line disciplinesÀº "tty-ldisc-x"¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿äûµÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§ 'x'´Â ´ë°³ 1 (SLIP) À̰ųª 3 (PPP)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµÎ kerneld¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀνĵȴÙ. PPPÀÇ °æ¿ì ppp¸¦ À§ÇØ bsd_comp µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¾ÐÃà ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº µÎ ÁÙÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. alias tty-ldisc-3 bsd_comp alias ppp0 bsd_comp ______________________________________________________________________ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи® (IPX, AppleTalk, AX.25) ______________________________________________________________________ ¸î¸î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¿ª½Ã ¸ðµâ·Î ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº "net-pf-X"¿Í °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î kerneld¿¡°Ô ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ X´Â »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Æйи®¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹øÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é net-pf-3Àº AX.25 ÀÌ°í, net-pf-4´Â IPX ±×¸®°í net-pf-5´Â AppleTalkÀÌ´Ù.(ÀÌ ¹øÈ£µéÀº ¸®´ª½º ¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏ include/linux/socket.h ¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ AF_AX25, AF_IPX °ª¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ°ªÀº 2 ÀÌ´Ù) ±×·¯¹Ç·Î IPX ¸ðµâÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. alias net-pf-4 ipx ! È®ÀÎ ! ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ º¼ ³»¿ëÀº ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи®¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëóÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ______________________________________________________________________ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ kerneld ½ÅÈ£´Â ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Å¸ÀÔÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ "iso9660" ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Å¸ÀÔÀ» °®´Â CD-ROM ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ isofs ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. alias iso9660 isofs ______________________________________________________________________ Ưº°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé ______________________________________________________________________ ¸î¸î µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀº alias¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇؼ­´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. major 10¹øÀ» °®´Â ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé Ưº°ÇÑ ÃʱâÈ­¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé ______________________________________________________________________ char-major-10 : Mice, watchdogs and randomness Çϵå¿þ¾î µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â ´ë°³ ¸ÞÀÌÀú µð¹ÙÀ̽º ¹øÈ£¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ftapeÀº char- major-27 ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª /devÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é ij¸¯ÅÍ ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 10À» °®´Â Ç׸ñÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. o ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸¶¿ì½º(bus mice, PS/2 mice) o Watchdog devices o The kernel 'random' device o APM (Advanced Power Management) interface ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀº Çϳª°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾îµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰͵鿡 ´ëÇÑ kerneld ¼³Á¤Àº ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£¿Í ¸¶ÀÌ³Ê ¹øÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. alias char-major-10-1 psaux # For PS/2 mouse alias char- major-10-130 wdt # For WDT watchdog ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¹öÀüÀÌ 1.3.82ÀÌ»óÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀº kerneld ¿¡°Ô ¸¶ÀÌ³Ê ¹øÈ£¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ kerneld°¡ ¾î¶² µð¹ÙÀ̽º ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. µå¶óÀ̹ö ·ÎµåÇϱâ: scsi_hostadpater Ç׸ñ ______________________________________________________________________ SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â SCSI È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Adaptec 1542) ¿Í »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º ŸÀÔ - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©, CD-ROM ±×¸®°í Å×ÀÌÇÁ µå¶óÀ̺ê - ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¸ðµâ·Î ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Adaptec card¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ CD-ROMÀ» ¿¢¼¼½º ÇÒ ¶§ Ä¿³Î°ú kerneld´Â SCSI CD-ROMÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ sr_mod ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¸¸À» ¾Ë°í CD-ROMÀÌ ¿¬°áµÈ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áö´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâÇ׸ñ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯ ¸ðµâÁß¿¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» kerneld°¡ ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. alias scd0 sr_mod # sr_mod for SCSI CD-ROM's ... alias scsi_hostadapter aha1542 # ... need the Adaptec driver ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº Ä¿³Î 1.3.82 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹öÀü¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. À§¿Í °°Àº ÀÛ¾÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¸¸ ÀÖÀ»¶§ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á» ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ¿ë µå¶óºñ¾î°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é kerneld´Â SCSI È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. - ¹Ýµå½Ã µÎ°³ÀÇ µå¶ó À̹ö¸¦ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°´ø°¡(¸ðµâÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) Á÷Á¢ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª kerneld°¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº James Tsiao¾¾ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îÀÌ´Ù.: kerneld°¡ µÎ¹ø° SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é modules.dep¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/st.o: /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/aha1542.o kerneld´Â st.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϱâ Àü¿¡ aha1542.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ À§¿Í °°Àº ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº Å×ÀÌÇÁ¿Í CD-ROM ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé(generic scsi devices)¿¡¼­ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ´ÜÁ¡Àº 'depmod -a'°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» °Ë»çÇÏÁö ¸øÇϹǷΠ»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ 'depmod -a'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÅÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çѹø ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¸é kerneld´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î aha1542.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡¸¸ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇÑ°³ÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ CD-ROM µå¶óÀ̺곪 Å×ÀÌÇÁ ȤÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶§ : ¼³Ä¡ ÈÄ Ç׸ñ(The 'post- install' entry) ______________________________________________________________________ ¶§¶§·Î ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ »ç¿îµå Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§, ÃʱⰪÀ» ¼Ò¸®°ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÆíÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ¼³Á¤°ªµéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÉ¶§ »ç¶óÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â Ben Galliart()¾¾°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ ÇØ°á¹ýÀÌ´Ù: ¸¶Áö¸· ¹æ¹ýÀº setmix-0.1 ÆÐÅ°Áö () ¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù: post-install sound /usr/local/bin/setmix -f /etc/volume.conf ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¿îµå ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÈ ÈÄ kerneld°¡ "post-install sound"¶ó°í ¾²¿©Áø ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿îµå ¸ðµâÀº '/usr/local/bin/setmix -f /etc/volume.conf'ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ò¸® º¼·ý°ªÀ» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº tunelp ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ȯ°æ ¼³Á¤À» ÇؾßÇÏ´Â lp ¸ðµâ°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµâ¿¡µµ À¯¿ëÇÑ´Ù. post-install lp tunelp kerneld°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ·Á¸é 1.3.69f ³ª ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ÁÖÀÇ: ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ mini-HOWTO ´Â kerneld°¡ ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â "pre-remove" ¶ó´Â ¸í·É¾î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ, ´ÙÀ½ kerneld ¸±¸®Áî¿¡¼­´Â Á¦°ÅµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç À̽´µéÀº ÇöÀç ÁøÇàÁßÀÌ°í ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀаԵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¹Àº º¯È­°¡ ÀϾÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 6. kerneldÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ ¿³º¸±â ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµç ¹æ¹ýÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ¸¾Ò´Âµ¥µµ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ kerneld¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¦¶§´Â, kerneld°¡ ¹Þ´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °á°ú /etc/conf.modules¿¡ ¾î¶² ³»¿ëÀ» ³Ö¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ kdstat À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ÚÁø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¸ðµâ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÆÄÀϵǰųª ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ºôµåÇÏ·Á¸é cd /usr/src/modules-2.0.0/kerneld make kdstat ÀÌÁ¦ kerneld °¡ ¾î¶² ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö È­¸é¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é kdstat debug¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é kerneld´Â Äֿܼ¡ ÇöÀç ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é kerneld requestµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ alias¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. µð¹ö±ëÀ» ³¡³»·Á¸é '/sbin/kdstat nodebug'À» ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. 7. kerneldÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ »ç¿ë ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ½ºÅ©¸°¼¼À̹ö ¸ðµâÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾îÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµâ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ 'kerneld/GOODIES' µð·ºÅ丮¿¡´Â ½ºÅ©¸°¼¼À̹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ÀϺδ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÆÐÄ¡ÇÏ°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» ºôµåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á¸é "patch" ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. cd /usr/src/linux patch -s -p1 ¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³½´Ù. À̶§ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Æ÷½ºÆÃÇϱâ Àü¿¡ kernel°ú kerneld°¡ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. kerneld°¡ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ¶§±îÁö mount°¡ ±â´Ù¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ mount(8) ¸í·É¾î°¡ kerneld°¡ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. lsmod´Â kerneld°¡ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇß´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, mount¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¸é ¸¶¿îÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº module-utilities 1.3.69f ¹öÀü ÀÇ ¹ö±×·Î º¸À̴µ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Debian »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ module-utilities¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. kerneld°¡ ncpfs ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ncpfs À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ¹Ýµå½Ã -DHAVE_KERNELD¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ncpfs MakefileÀ» »ìÆ캻´Ù. kerneld°¡ smbfs ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¾Æ¸¶µµ smbmount À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÇ ¹öÀüÀÌ ¿À·¡µÈ °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃֽŠ¹öÀü(0.10À̳ª ±× ÈÄ)À» °¡Á®¿Í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/filesystems/smbfs/ ³ª´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î ºôµåÇߴµ¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆõÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. kerneld°¡ ·çÇÁ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÃæºÐÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀº ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. o ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö o ·çÇÁ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µå¶óÀ̹ö o nit¸¦ À§ÇÑ binary foramt loader, kerneld ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé [½ÇÀº À§¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ »ç½ÇÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. 1.3.x ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÀü°ú 2.x ´ëÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀº initial ram-disk¸¦ LILO¶ó LOADLIN¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâµéÀ» ÀÌ "µð½ºÅ©"¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ Documentation/initrd.txt ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.] kerneld°¡ ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ·ÎµåµÇÁö ¾Ê°í libgdbm¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÒÆòÇÑ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld´Â ½ÇÇàÇϴµ¥ GNU dbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸® libgdbm.so¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ´ë°³ /usr/lib¿¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö¸¸ Ȥ½Ã³ª /usr ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ·ÎµåÇϱâ Àü¿¡ kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì kerneld´Â ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ½ÇÇàµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄѵµ ±¦Âú´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ýÀº /usr ÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÈ ÈÄ kerneld ½ºÅ¸Æ® ¾÷À» ¿Å±â°Å³ª gdbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¸¦ ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é /lib - ·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù. "Cannot load module xxx"¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇÁö¸¸, Ä¿³ÎÀ» ºôµåÇÒ¶§ xxx¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ½½·¢¿þ¾î´Â(ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹èÆ÷º»µµ) ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ /etc/rc.d/rc.modules¿¡¼­ modprobe¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. À̶§ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» modprobeÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡´Â ¿ø·¡ Ä¿³Î ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤Çϸ鼭 rc.modules¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ðµâÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î rc.modules¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀº ÁÖ¼®À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í, »õ·Î Ãß°¡ÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÇ ÁÖ¼® Ç¥½Ã¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© kerneld°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö Á¦´ë·Î ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³Î°ú ¸ðµâÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºôµåÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ unresolved symbols¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¾Æ¸¶µµ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã ºôµåÇÏ¿© ¸î¸î ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄ×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀÌ /lib/modules µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº /lib/mod­ ules/x.y.z µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Áö¿ì°í Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ 'make mod­ ules_install'À» ´Ù½Ã ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̶§ ¹öÀüÀ» ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤¿¡¸¸ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾úÀ»¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸¸³­´Ù¸é, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 2.1À» ¼³Ä¡Çߴµ¥ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ______________________________________________________________________ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 2.1ÀÌ ÇöÀç °³¹ß Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ¼ö½Ã·Î º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡Àå Å©°Ô ¹Ù²ï Áß Çϳª´Â ¸ðµâÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú Ä¿³Î°ú ¸ðµâÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåµÇ´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç Richard HendersonÀº ¸ðµâ Ä¿³Î °³¹ßÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇؼ­ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³Î 2.1 ¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã * ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇؾßÇÒ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÑ Documentation/Changes ÆÄÀÏ À» Àд´Ù. * ÃֽŠmodutils ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °÷¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³Î 2.1 ´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 2.1.19 ¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. Dial-on-demand ³×Æ®¿öÅ·Àº ? ______________________________________________________________________ kerneld´Â ¿ø·¡ on demand ´ÙÀ̾ó ¾÷ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù: ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óȲ¿¡¼­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ÆÐŶÀ» º¸³»¸é kerneld°¡ PPP³ª SLIP ¿¬°áÀ» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ /sbin/request_route ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±×¸® ÁÁÀº ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ³×Æ®¿öÅ·À» ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Alan Cox´Â ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½è´Ù. Request-route ±â´ÉÀº ÁøºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í ÀÌ¹Ì ¸Á°¡Áø °ÍÀ̾ Ä¿³Î 2.1.x ´ë¿¡ ¼­ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. request-route ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿Í kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å www.dna.lth.se/~erics/diald.html ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Eric Schenk'sÀÇ diald ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ãæ°íÇÑ´Ù. Copyright Messages ______________________________________________________________________ This document is Copyright (c) Henrik Storner, 1996, 1997. Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their respective authors. 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