´ÙÀ½ ÀÌÀü Â÷·Ê

5. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤°ú °ü·ÃµÇ Á¤º¸.

´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀ» ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÌÇØÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Æ¯¼º¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®µéÀÌ´Ù.

5.1 ½ÃÀÛÇÏ·Á¸Õ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡?

³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¸î°¡Áö ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ°ÍÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.

ÇöÀçÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º

ÇöÀç ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ÿ ÀÔÀ̳ª Ä«µåµîÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¼öµµ Àֱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î Ä¿³ÎÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

¿©·¯ºÐÀº ftp.funet.fi¿¡¼­ ÃֽŹöÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. < tp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v2.0>

º¸Åë Ä¿³Î ¼Ò¼Ò´Â /usr/src/linux µð·ºÅ丮·Î tarÀ̹ÌÁö°¡ Ç®¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î ¶»°Ô ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé°ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§Çؼ­´Â kernel- howto¸¦ Àоî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. kernel-moduleÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í½Í´Ù¸é module-howto¸¦ Àоî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Ưº°È÷ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¸±¸®Áî(¹öÀü ³Ñ¹öÀÇ µÎ¹øÀç dig itÀÌ Â¦¼ö·Î µÈ°Í)¸¦ °íÁýÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. °³¹ß ¸±¸®Áî Ä¿³ÎÀº(µÎ¹ø° digitÀÌ È¦ ¼öÀÎ °Í) ½Ã½ºÅÛ»óÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿Í ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶ ÀÚüÀÇ ¶Ç ´Â ´Ù¸¥ º¯È­°¡ ÀÖÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°ÉÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÇÑ, ¶Ç ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ 󸮰¡ È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÑ ±×°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.

ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Åø.

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÅøµéÀº ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀ» ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î ±×·¥µéÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ÀÌ·± ÅøµéÀº µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁְųª ¶ó¿ì Æ®¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

´ëºÎºÐ ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»Àº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Åøµé°ú ÇÔ²² Á¦°øµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹è Æ÷º»À¸·Î ºÎÅÍ ÀνºÅçÀ»ÇÏ°í, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÅøÀ» ÀνºÅçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇØ¾ß ¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

¹èÆ÷º»À¸·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Á÷Á¢ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ±¸Çشٰ¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×´ÙÁö ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÅøÀº ÇöÀç Bernd Eckenfels¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ¸ç, ftp.inka.de¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. < ftp.inka.de/pub/comp/Linux/networking/NetTools/> and are ¶Ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ì·¯¸µµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. < ftp.linux.uk.org/pub/linux/Networking/PROGRAMS/NetTools/>. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü°ú °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¹öÀüÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¸í½É Ç϶ó. ±×¸®°í ÀνºÅçÀ» ÇÏ·Á¸é ÆÐÅ°Áö ¾ÈÀÇ Áö½Ã¸¦ µû¸£¶ó.

À̱ÛÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ¶§ÀÇ ÇöÀç¹öÀüÀ» ÀνºÅçÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.

#
  # cd /usr/src
  # tar xvfz net-tools-1.32-alpha.tar.gz
  # cd net-tools-1.32-alpha
  # make config
  # make
  # make install
  #
 
Ãß°¡·Î, ÆÄÀÌ¾î ¿ùÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í, IP ¸Ó½ºÄ¿·¹À̵带 »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ipfwadm ¸í ·ÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù¹öÀüÀ» ftp.xos.nl¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù. < ftp.xos.nl/pub/linux/ipfwadm>.¶Ç, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Â ¹öÀüÀº ¿©·¯°¡ Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú ¹öÀü°ú °¡Àå °¡±î¿î °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇؾßÇÑ ´Ù.

ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ½Ã±âÀÇ ÇöÀç¹öÀüÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¼³Á¤ÇÏ·Á¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç϶ó.

#
  # cd /usr/src
  # tar xvfz ipfwadm-2.3.0.tar.gz
  # cd ipfwadm-2.3.0
  # make
  # make install
  #

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̶õ telnet, ftp µîÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±× ·¥À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. David Holland< dholland@hcs.harvard.edu>´Â ÀÌÁ¦ À̵é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ftp.linux.uk.org¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ±¸ÇÒ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. < ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/base>. ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ½Ã±âÀÇ ÇöÀç¹öÀüÀ» ¼³Ä¡, ¼³Á¤ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ç϶ó.

#
  # cd /usr/src
  # tar xvfz /pub/net/NetKit-B-0.08.tar.gz
  # cd NetKit-B-0.08
  # more README
  # vi MCONFIG
  # make
  # make install
  #

Addresses.

ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¾îµå·¹½º´Â 4 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÕÀÇ´Â ÁÖ ¼Ò¸¦ 'dotted decimal notation'À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ²Ã·Î ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ for m¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®´Â 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ À̻󿡴 ¾ÕÀÇ 0À» »©¹ö¸° (0 255) 10Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯µÇ¸ç, °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®´Â '.' ¹®ÀÚ·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ¾²¿©Áø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ Æí¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ È£½ºÆ®¿Í ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º´Â IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ¸î¸î ȯ°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â ´ÜÀÏ ¸Ó½Å»óÀÇ °¢°¢ÀÇ Æ÷Æ®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °°Àº IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÌ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ º¸Åë °¢ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º´Â ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °®±â¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ÀÎÁ¢ÇØ ÀÖ´Â IP ¾îµå·¹½ºµéÀÇ ½ÃÄö½ºÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿ö Å©»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾îµå·¹½º´Â °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸î°³ÀÇ Á¡(digit)À» ¾îµå·¹½º³»¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º¿¡¼­ °øÅëÀûÀÎ ºÎºÐÀº 'network portion'À̶ó ºÒ ¸°´Ù. 'network portion'À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ³ª¸ÓÁö ºÎºÐÀº 'host portion'À̶ó°í ºÒ¸° ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾îµå·¹½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °øÀ¯µÇ´Â bitÀº netmask¶ó ºÒ¸®´Âµ¥, ¾î ¶² ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ Àû¿ëµÈ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´ÂÁö, ¼ÓÇÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤Áþ´Â °ÍÀÌ netmaskÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.

 
-----------------  ---------------
  Host Address       192.168.110.23
  Network Mask       255.255.255.0
  Network Portion    192.168.110.
  Host portion                  .23
  -----------------  ---------------
  Network Address    192.168.110.0
  Broadcast Address  192.168.110.255
  -----------------  ---------------
netmask³»¿¡¼­ 'bitwise anded'µÈ ¾îµå·¹½º´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º ¸¦ °ø°³ÇÏ°Ô µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º ¹üÀ§Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ³Ñ ¹öÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º´Â Ç×»ó network address°¡ µÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ç×»ó 0À¸·Î ÄÚµåµÈ 'host portion'À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù.

ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¾îµå·¹½º¿¡ ´õÇÏ¿© ³×Æ®¿öÅ©³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®°¡ µè´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ¾îµå·¹½ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾îµå·¹½º´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »óÀÇ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ® °¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ µè°Ô²û ÇÒ¶§ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ º¸³»Áö´Â ¾îµå·¹½ºÀÌ´Ù. 'ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ®¶õ ¾î¶²°ÍÀ̾î¾ß Çϴ°¡'¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °øÅëÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µÎ°¡ÁöÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ»çÇ× ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ³Î¸® ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö°í Àִ°ÍÀº ÇØ´ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °ªÀ» Áö´Ï´Â ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ ÀÌ °ÍÀº 192.168.110.255°¡ µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­´Â ¸î°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾îµå ·¹½º¸¦ ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» äÅÃÇß´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾î´À°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡ Çϴ°ÍÀº º°·Î ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®°¡ °° Àº ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î Àִ°¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. IP ÇÁ·Î ÅäÄÝ °³¹ß ÃʱâÀÇ ¾ðÁ¨°¡ °ü¸®»óÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ±×·ìÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¿¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â 'class'¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±×·ìÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Å¬·¡½º´Â ÇÒ´çÇÒ¼ö Àִ ǥÁØ »çÀÌÁî ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ °¹¼ö¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁØ´Ù. ÇÒ´çµÈ ¹üÀ§´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

----------------------------------------------------------
  | Network | Netmask       | Network Addresses            |
  | Class   |               |                              |
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  |    A    | 255.0.0.0     | 0.0.0.0    - 127.255.255.255 |
  |    B    | 255.255.0.0   | 128.0.0.0  - 191.255.255.255 |
  |    C    | 255.255.255.0 | 192.0.0.0  - 223.255.255.255 |
  |Multicast| 240.0.0.0     | 224.0.0.0  - 239.255.255.255 |
  ----------------------------------------------------------
 
¾î¶² ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡´Â Á¤È®È÷ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇؾßÇÒÀÏÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ µû ¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½À» Á¶ÇÕÇؼ­ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±âÁ¸ÀÇ IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»ó¿¡ ¸®´ª½º ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ¸®´ª½º ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü¸®ÀÚ¿Í Á¢ÃËÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹°¾îºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±×·±µÚ ¸®´ª½º ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ÀÌ ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö¾Ê°í´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇϸ®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.

ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸¸µé±â ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» »çÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾Æ¹« ¾îµå·¹½º³ª ¼±ÅÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÈÀü¼º°ú ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Ưº°È÷ ¿¹¾àµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â IP ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ RFC1597¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

     -----------------------------------------------------------
        |         RESERVED PRIVATE NETWORK ALLOCATIONS            |
        -----------------------------------------------------------
        | Network | Netmask       | Network Addresses             |
        | Class   |               |                               |
        -----------------------------------------------------------
        |    A    | 255.0.0.0     | 10.0.0.0    - 10.255.255.255  |
        |    B    | 255.255.0.0   | 172.16.0.0  - 172.31.255.255  |
        |    C    | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
        -----------------------------------------------------------
 
¿ì¼± ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑµÚ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¸¸Å­ÀÇ ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

5.2 ¾îµð¿¡ ¼³Á¤ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³Ö¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡?

¸®´ª½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆ® ÇÁ·Î½ÃÁ®·ÎÀÇ ¼­·Î´Ùµç Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ ¸î°¡Áö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ºÎÆà µÈ µÚ¿¡ ±×°ÍÀº Ç×»ó 'init'À̶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. initÀº /etc/inittab À̶ó´Â ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ°í ºÎÆ® °úÁ¤À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. init¿¡´Â ¸î°³ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ƯÁú(fla vours)ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀº ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»°ú ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

ÈçÈ÷ /etc/inittab ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

    si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/boot
 
ÀÌ ¶óÀÎÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ºÎÆ® ½ÃÄö½º¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â shell ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÇ À̸§À» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº MS-DOS»óÀÇ autoexec.bat ÆÄÀÏ°ú ´Ù¼Ò À¯»çÇÏ´Ù.

ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È£ÃâµÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â À̵é¾È ¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ Å×À̺íÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °¡À̵å·Î »ç¿ëµÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |Interface Config/Routing                    |Server Initialisation
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |/etc/init.d/network                         |/etc/init.d/netbase
 |                                            |/etc/init.d/netstd_init
 |                                            |/etc/init.d/netstd_nfs
 |                                            |/etc/init.d/netstd_misc
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1                          |/etc/rc.d/rc.inet2
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-<ifname>|/etc/rc.d/init.d/network
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           <¼ø¼­´ë·Î Debian, Slackware, RedHat>
 
´ë°³ÀÇ ¹èÆ÷º»Àº ¸¹Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¼öµ¿ ¼³Á¤À» ½ÃµµÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ °ÍÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇØÁÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾ÆºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
    -----------------------------------------
       Distrib   | Network configuration program
       -----------------------------------------
       RedHat    | /sbin/netcfg
       Slackware | /sbin/netconfig
       -----------------------------------------

5.3 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ¸¸µé±â

¸¹Àº À¯´Ð½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â /dev µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯ ³ª ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ³»¿¡ ¼­ µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¹Ç·Î µð¹ÙÀ̽º ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â ÃʱâÈ­ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö°í Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î ÀÌ´õ³Ý µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö ´Â ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î eth[0...n] ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ÀÌ´õ³Ý Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ À§Ä¡½ÃŲ´Ù. ù¹ø°·Î ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå´Â eth0°¡ µÎ¹ø°ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå´Â eth1ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ¸î¸îÀÇ °æ¿ì, slip ¶Ç´Â ppp¿Í °°ÀÌ, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â À¯Àú ÇÁ·Î±× ·¥ÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î À̸§À» ºÙÀ̴°ÍÀº Àû¿ëµÇ Áö¸¸ µð¹ÙÀ̽º°¡ ºÎÆýÿ¡ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁöÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö¿Í ´Þ¸® È°¼ºÈ­µÈ slip, ppp µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ °³¼ö´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ÀÛµ¿½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ´Þ¶óÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ´ÙÀ½ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·ç¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

5.4 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ¼³Á¤.

ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾îµå·¹½º, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Á¤º¸¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸ ¸é ÀÌÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ °üÇØ ¸»ÇÒ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º·ÎÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÁÖ¼Ò ÇÒ´ç°ú ´Ù¸¥ ȯ°æ ¼³Á¤ °ªÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼¼Æÿ¡ °üÇØ À̾߱⸦ Çϴ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸í·ÉÀº ifconfig(interface configure)ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ·¡¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 # ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â 'eth0' ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ IP ¾îµå·¹½º '192.168.0.1'·Î netmask¸¦ 255.255.255.0À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸í·É¾î ³¡ºÎºÐÀÇ 'up'Àº ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º°¡ È° ¼ºÈ­ µÉ°ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Ä¿³ÎÀº ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¶§ ¸î°¡Áö µðÆúÆ®¸¦ °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾îµå·¹½º¿Í ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, À§ÀÇ ¿¹Ã³·³ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê ´Â´Ù¸é Ä¿³ÎÀº ¼³Á¤µÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½ºÀÇ Å¬·¡½º¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃßÃøÇØ ³¾°Í ÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ Ä¿³ÎÀº ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ Ŭ·¡½º-CÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù°í °¡ Á¤ÇÏ°í ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ '192.168.0.0'À¸·Î, ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ '192.168.0.255'·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.

ifconfig ¸í·É¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

up

ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ È°¼ºÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù.

down

ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ºñ È°¼ºÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù.

-arp

ÀÌ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º »ó¿¡¼­ address resolution protocolÀ» »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô, »ç ¿ëºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

-allmulti

ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º »ó¿¡¼­ promiscuous ¸ðµå¸¦ °¡´É/ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Promoscu ous ¸ðµå¶õ ÇØ´ç µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ÇâÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÆÐŶÀÌ¶óµµ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀϼö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµå¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº tcpdump³ª ´Ù¸¥ ÆÐŶ ½ºÇª³Ê ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

mtu N

ÀÌ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ MTU¸¦ ¼ÂÆÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

netmask addr

ÀÌ µð¹ÙÀ̽º°¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ netmask¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

irq addr

ÀÌ ÆĶó¸ÞÅʹ ƯÁ¤ ŸÀÔÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡¼­¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇϳª, ÀÌ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ ÇÏ µå¿þ¾î IRQ¸¦ ¼ÂÆÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

-broadcast addr

ÀÌ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ´Â ºê·Îµåij½ºÆ® ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ÇâÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ ¼ö¿ëÀ» °¡´É ÇÏ°Ô ¼¼ÆÃÇϰųª, ȤÀº ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

-pointopoint addr

ÀÌ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ´Â slip, pppµîÀÇ point to point ¸µÅ©ÀÇ ¹Ý´ë³¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸Ó ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.

hw <type> <addr>

ÀÌ ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ŸÀÔÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡´Â ±×´ÙÁö À¯¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª AX.25¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ŸÀÔÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­´Â À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.

ifconfig

¸í·ÉÀº ¾î´À ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡¼­³ª »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»°ÍÀÌ´Ù. pppd, dip °°Àº À¯Àú ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¸¸µé¶§ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ ÇϹǷΠ¼öµ¿ÀÇ ifconfig ¸í·É»ç¿ëÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

5.5 ³×ÀÓ Çؼ®±â(Name Resolver)ÀÇ ¼³Á¤.

'Name Resolver'´Â Ç¥ÁØ ¸®´ª½º ¶óÀ̺귯¸®ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ±â´ÉÀº 'ftp.funet.fi' °°ÀÌ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô Ä£¼÷ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» 128.214.248.6 ó·³ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ °Ô Ä£¼÷ÇÑ IP ¾îµå·¹½º·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

À̸§¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀÖ³ª?

¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀÇ ¸ð½À¿¡´Â Àͼ÷Çϳª, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸¼ºµÇ´ÂÁö ´Â ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÎÅÍ³Ý µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦, ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­ Æ®¸® ±¸Á¶¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. 'domain'À̶ó°í Çϴ°ÍÀº °¡Á·ÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ±×·ìÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. 'domain'Àº 'subdomain'À¸·Î ³ª´µ¾î Áú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 'toplevel' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Top Level DomainÀº RFC920¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ ¸î°¡Áö TOP LEVEL µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

COM

Commercial Organisations(»ó¾÷±â°ü)

EDU

Educational Organisations(±³À°±â°ü)

GOV

Government Organisations(Á¤ºÎ±â°ü)

MIL

Millitary Organisations(±º»ç±â°ü)

ORG

Other organisations(´Ù¸¥±â°ü)

Country Designator

these are two letters codes that represent a particular country.

(ƯÁ¤ ±¹°¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇÑ µÎ±ÛÀÚ ÄÚµå. ¿¹: ´ëÇѹα¹ -> kr) °¢°¢ÀÇ top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÎ ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̸§¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº com, edu, gov, mil, org µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹·Î½á, ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾ÆÀÇ »ó¾÷±â°ü ¶Ç´Â Á¤ºÎ±â°üÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ ¼­´Â com.au, gov.au µîÀ¸·Î ³¡³½´Ù. '.us'¶ó´Â ±¹°¡Äڵ带 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ ±¸ÇÏ°í, ±¹°¡ ±â¹ÝÀÇ top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê´Â ±â°üµéÀº ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¹Ì±¹³»ÀÇ ±â°üÀº ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ ·¹º§ÀÇ ºÐÇÒÀº ±â°üÀÇ À̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Á»´õ ±íÀº ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇѵ¥, ´ÙÀ½ ·¹º§ÀÇ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Á¾Á¾ ±â°üÀÇ ºÎ¹®º° ±¸Á¶¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±â°üÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô °í·ÁµÈ ±âÁØ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

³×ÀÓÀÇ °¡Àå ¿ÞÂÊ ºÎºÐÀº Ç×»ó È£½ºÆ® ¸Ó½Å¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ À̸§À̸ç 'È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ'À̶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¿¡¼­ È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀÇ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ºÎºÐÀº 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ'À̶ó ºÒ ¸®¸ç ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Ç®³×ÀÓÀº 'Fully Qualified Domain Name'ÀÌ´Ù.

³» À̸ÞÀÏ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ÇÑ ¿¹·Î µé¸é, 'Fully Qualified Domain Name'Àº 'perf.no. itg.telstra.com.au'ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀÌ 'perf' µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÌ 'no.itg.t elstra.com.au'ÀÓÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀº ³ªÀÇ ±¹°¡ Australia¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ to p level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ¸ç ³» À̸ÞÀÏ ¾îµå·¹½º´Â »ó¾÷±â°ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇϹǷΠ´ÙÀ½ ·¹º§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î '.com'À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ȸ»çÀÇ À̸§Àº 'Telstra'ÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎÀÇ ÀÛ¸í±¸Á¶´Â Á¶Á÷±¸Á¶¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ °æ¿ì ³» ¸Ó½ÅÀº Infomartion Technol ogy GroupÀÇ Network Operation ºÎ¼­¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.

¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÒ Á¤º¸.

ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¾î´À µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Name resolver ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î´Â 'Domain Name Server'·ÎÀÇ ¿äóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³¿À¸·Î½á ÀÌ ³×ÀÓ ¹ø¿ª ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ 3°³ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Â÷·Ê·Î ´Ù·ç¾î ³ª°¡°Ú´Ù.

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/resolv.conf´Â ³×ÀÓ Çؼ® Äڵ带 À§ÇÑ ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ¶óÀο¡ ÇϳªÀÇ Å°¿öµå¸¦ °®´Â ÅؽºÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÇüÀû À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Å°¿öµå´Â 3°³°¡ Àִµ¥ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

domain

ÀÌ Å°¿öµå´Â ·ÎÄà µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

search

ÀÌ Å°¿öµå´Â È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ® ¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

nameserver

ÀÌ Å°¿öµå´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀÏÅÙµ¥, ³×ÀÓ Çؼ®À» ÇÒ¶§ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

/etc/resolv.conf ÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½ ó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.
    domain maths.wu.edu.au
       search maths.wu.edu.au wu.edu.au
       nameserver 192.168.10.1
       nameserver 192.168.12.1
 
ÀÌ ¿¹´Â ºÐ·ùµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ³×ÀÓ(µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀ» ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ)¿¡ µ¡ºÙÀÏ µð ÆúÆ® µµ¸ÞÀγ×ÀÓÀÌ maths.wu.edu.auÀÓÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í, ±× È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì wu.edu.au µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ ã¾Æº¼°ÍÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. µÎ°³ÀÇ ³× ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¿£Æ®¸®µµ Á¦°øµÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌµé °¢°¢Àº ³×ÀÓÀ» Çؼ®ÇÒ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

/etc/host.conf

/etc/host.conf ÆÄÀÏÀº name resolver ÄÚµåÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀÌÅÛÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº 'resolv+' ¸Ç ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

    order hosts,bind
       multi on
 
ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº ³×ÀÓ Çؼ®±â¿¡°Ô, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ Àü¿¡ /etc/hosts¸¦ üũÇÒ °Í °ú /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ù¹ø° ¾îµå·¹½º »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç À¯È¿ ¾îµå ·¹½º¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÒ°ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù.

/etc/hosts

/etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ°ú IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ Áý¾î³Ö´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ Àû¾î³ÖÀ¸¸é IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» À¯ÁöÇϴµ¥ ºÒÆíÇÑ Á¡Àº È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ ¹Ù ²ð¶§ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. Àß °ü¸®µÇ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ º¸À̴ ȣ½ºÆ®³×ÀÓÀº ·çÇÁ¹é ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®ÀÇ ³×ÀÓÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿£Æ®¸® »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

    # /etc/hosts
       127.0.0.1      localhost loopback
       192.168.0.1    this.host.name
 
ù¹ø° ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡¼­ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¹Ù¿Í°°ÀÌ ÇÑ ¶óÀο¡ ÇÑ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» ¸í ½ÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ·çÇÁ¹é ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØ ¿£Æ®¸® ÀÌ´Ù.

5.6 ·çÇÁ¹é ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ¼³Á¤.

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                        255.255.255.0
 
A,B,C ¼¼°³ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢Àº Class C IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(netmask 255.255.25 5.0)ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·ÎÀÇ PPP ¸µ Å©°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â »ï°¢ÇüÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù.

¶ó¿ìÅÍ AÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀº ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ º¸ÀÏ°ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù.

 
     # route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0
        # route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 ppp0
        # route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 ppp1
 
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ó¿ìÅÍ A ¿Í B »çÀÌÀÇ ¸µÅ©¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±â±â Àü¿¡´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¸µÅ©¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±â¸é À§¿¡¼­ º¸¿©ÁØ ¶ó¿ìÆà ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í´Â A ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼¼ ±×¸ÕÆ®»óÀÇ È£½ºÆ®´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® B ¿¡ Àִ ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇϴµ¥, µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ A ÀÇ ²÷¾îÁø ppp0·Î º¸³»Áö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ ´õ³Ý ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® C ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®·Î´Â ¸»ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, C ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ B ÀÌ´õ³Ý ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®»óÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿Í À̾߱⸦ ÇÒ¼öÀִµ¥, B ¿Í C »çÀÌÀÇ ¸µÅ©°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ²÷¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

Àá±ñ, A °¡ C ·Î ¸»ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, C °¡ B ·Î ¸»ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾î°¼­ A ´Â C °¡ B·Î º¸³»µµ·Ï C¸¦ °æ¿ìÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» B·Î º¸³»Áö ¾Ê´Â°¡? ÀÌ·±°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î RIP °° Àº ´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ ÇØ°áÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÈ ±×·± ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. A, B, C ¶ó ¿ìÅÍ°¡ °¢°¢ ¶ó¿ìÆà µ¥¸óÀº ¿î¿µÇÒ ¶§, ¸µÅ©Áß Çϳª¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±ä´Ù¸é ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀº »õ·Î¿î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »óȲÀº ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Àû¿ëµÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ³×Æ® ¿öÅ©¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °£´ÜÇϸç, °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÎ°¡Áö¸¸ ÇØÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¶ó¿ìÅÍ A ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©,

     # route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0
        # /usr/sbin/routed
 
'routed' ¶ó¿ìÆà µ¥¸óÀº ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î È°¼ºÈ­µÈ ¸ðµç ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ã À¸¸ç ±× È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °¢ ³×Æ®¿ö Å© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»°í ¶Ç µè´Â´Ù.

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£´ÜÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹®¼­ÀÇ Ã¹ºÎºÐ¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ Âü°í¹®ÇåÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ °üÇÏ¿© Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡Àº..

  1. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ·çÆ®°¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§¿¡¸¸ ´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» µ¹¸± ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
  2. ´ÙÀ̳ª¹Í ¶ó¿ìÆà µ¥¸óÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ¿© ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×ÀÌ ºíÀ» º¯°æÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  3. RIP´Â ÀÛÀº ¶Ç´Â Áß°£ »çÀÌÁîÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù.

5.8 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­¹ö¿Í ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ¼³Á¤.

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­¹ö¿Í ¼­ºñ½º´Â ¿ø°Ý »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¸Ó½ÅÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼öÀÖ°Ô ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø°Ý »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½Å, ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¶Ç´Â ³× Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥¸óÀ¸·Î Ä¿³Ø¼ÇÀ» ¼º¸³ÇÏ¿© ÇØ´ç Æ÷Æ®°¡ Ä¿³Ø¼ÅÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎÈÄ ½ÇÇàÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥¸óÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

standalone

³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥¸óÀº ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ µéÀ¸¸ç µé¾î¿À´Â Ä¿ ³Ø¼ÇÀÌ ¼º¸³µÇ¾úÀ»¶§ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä¿³Ø¼ÇÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.

slave to the inetd server

inetd ¼­¹ö´Â µé¾î¿À´Â Ä¿³Ø¼ÇÀ» Àü¹®À¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥ ¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. tcp ȤÀº udp¿Í ¼­ºñ½º Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀÌ µé¾î¿Ô À»¶§, ¾î´ø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾ß Çϴ°¡¸¦ ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Æ÷Æ®´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ¿¡ °üÇؼ­µµ °ð À̾߱⠸¦ ÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿©±â ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ßµÉ µÎ°³ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ³×ÀÓÀ» Æ÷Æ®³Ñ¹ö·Î ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Â /etc/services ÆÄÀÏ°ú inetd ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥¸óÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» À§ÇÑ /etc/inetd.conf ÆÄ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

/etc/services

/etc/services ÆÄÀÏÀº Àΰ£¿¡°Ô Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º ³×ÀÓ°ú ±â°è¿¡ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ Æ÷Æ®³Ñ¹ö ¿Í °ü°èÀÖ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ °ÍÀº °¢ ¶óÀÎÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÅؽºÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿£ Æ®¸®´Â ¸î°³ÀÇ °ø¹é ½ºÆäÀ̽º(tab ¶Ç´Â space)·Î ³ª´µ´Â ¼¼°³ÀÇ Çʵå·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.

name       port/protocol       aliases         #comment
 
name

±â¼úµÇ´Â ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÌ´Ù.

port/protocol

ÀÌ Çʵå´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ Çʵå·Î ³ª´¶´Ù.

port

ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¼­ºñ½º°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ Æ÷Æ®³Ñ¹ö¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù. °øÅëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º¿¡´Â ÇÒ´çµÈ ¼­ºñ½º ³Ñ¹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº RFC-1340 ¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Ù.

protocol

ÀÌ ¼­ºêÇʵå´Â tcp³ª udp·Î ¼¼ÆõȴÙ.

18/tcp ¿Í 18/udp ¶ó´Â ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥°ÍÀÓÀ» ±¸ºÐÇϸç, ¿Ö °°Àº ¼­ ºñ½º°¡ µÎ°÷¿¡ ¸ðµÎ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾øÀ½À» ¾Ë ¾ÆµÎ´Â°ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. º¸Åë ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ý°¢ÀÌ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ®ÀÖ°í, ƯÁ¤ ¼­ºñ ½º°¡ tcp, udp ·Î ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é ±×Àú µÑ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

aliases

ÀÌ ¼­ºñ½º ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ À̸§

'#' µÚ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÅؽºÆ®´Â ¹«½ÃµÇ¸ç ÁÖ¼®À¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ.

/etc/services ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿¹Á¦.

¿äÁòÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»Àº ÈǸ¢ÇÑ /etc/services ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î ¸Ó½ÅÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÒ¶§, µ¥ºñ¾È ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡¼­ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â /etc/services ÆÄÀÏ ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

# /etc/services:
  # $Id: services,v 1.3 1996/05/06 21:42:37 tobias Exp $
  #
  # Network services, Internet style
  #
  # Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-kn
own
  # port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two ent
ries
  # even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
  # Updated from RFC 1340, ``Assigned Numbers'' (July 1992).  Not all ports
  # are included, only the more common ones.
tcpmux          1/tcp                           # TCP port service multip
lexer
  echo            7/tcp
  echo            7/udp
  discard         9/tcp           sink null
  discard         9/udp           sink null
  systat          11/tcp          users
  daytime         13/tcp
  daytime         13/udp
  netstat         15/tcp
  qotd            17/tcp          quote
  msp             18/tcp                          # message send protocol
  msp             18/udp                          # message send protocol
  chargen         19/tcp          ttytst source
  chargen         19/udp          ttytst source
  ftp-data        20/tcp
  ftp             21/tcp
  ssh             22/tcp                          # SSH Remote Login Protoc
ol
  ssh             22/udp                          # SSH Remote Login Protoc
ol
  telnet          23/tcp
  # 24 - private
  smtp            25/tcp          mail
  # 26 - unassigned
  time            37/tcp          timserver
  time            37/udp          timserver
  rlp             39/udp          resource        # resource location
  nameserver      42/tcp          name            # IEN 116
  whois           43/tcp          nicname
  re-mail-ck      50/tcp                          # Remote Mail Checking Pr
otocol
  re-mail-ck      50/udp                          # Remote Mail Checking Pr
otocol
  domain          53/tcp          nameserver      # name-domain server
  domain          53/udp          nameserver
  mtp             57/tcp                          # deprecated
  bootps          67/tcp                          # BOOTP server
  bootps          67/udp
  bootpc          68/tcp                          # BOOTP client
  bootpc          68/udp
  tftp            69/udp
  gopher          70/tcp                          # Internet Gopher
  gopher          70/udp
  rje             77/tcp          netrjs
  finger          79/tcp
  www             80/tcp          http            # WorldWideWeb HTTP
  www             80/udp                          # HyperText Transfer Prot
ocol
  link            87/tcp          ttylink
  kerberos        88/tcp          kerberos5 krb5  # Kerberos v5
  kerberos        88/udp          kerberos5 krb5  # Kerberos v5
  supdup          95/tcp
  # 100 - reserved
  hostnames       101/tcp         hostname        # usually from sri-nic
  iso-tsap        102/tcp         tsap            # part of ISODE.
  csnet-ns        105/tcp         cso-ns          # also used by CSO name s
erver
  csnet-ns        105/udp         cso-ns
  rtelnet         107/tcp                         # Remote Telnet
  rtelnet         107/udp
  pop-2           109/tcp         postoffice      # POP version 2
  pop-2           109/udp
  pop-3           110/tcp                         # POP version 3
  pop-3           110/udp
  sunrpc          111/tcp         portmapper      # RPC 4.0 portmapper TCP
  sunrpc          111/udp         portmapper      # RPC 4.0 portmapper UDP
  auth            113/tcp         authentication tap ident
  sftp            115/tcp
  uucp-path       117/tcp
  nntp            119/tcp         readnews untp   # USENET News Transfer Pr
otocol
  ntp             123/tcp
  ntp             123/udp                         # Network Time Protocol
  netbios-ns      137/tcp                         # NETBIOS Name Service
  netbios-ns      137/udp
  netbios-dgm     138/tcp                         # NETBIOS Datagram Servic
e
  netbios-dgm     138/udp
  netbios-ssn     139/tcp                         # NETBIOS session service
  netbios-ssn     139/udp
  imap2           143/tcp                         # Interim Mail Access Pro
to v2
  imap2           143/udp
  snmp            161/udp                         # Simple Net Mgmt Proto
  snmp-trap       162/udp         snmptrap        # Traps for SNMP
  cmip-man        163/tcp                         # ISO mgmt over IP (CMOT)
  cmip-man        163/udp
  cmip-agent      164/tcp
  cmip-agent      164/udp
  xdmcp           177/tcp                         # X Display Mgr. Control 
Proto
  xdmcp           177/udp
  nextstep        178/tcp         NeXTStep NextStep       # NeXTStep window
  nextstep        178/udp         NeXTStep NextStep       # server
  bgp             179/tcp                         # Border Gateway Proto.
  bgp             179/udp
  prospero        191/tcp                         # Cliff Neuman's Prospero
  prospero        191/udp
  irc             194/tcp                         # Internet Relay Chat
  irc             194/udp
  smux            199/tcp                         # SNMP Unix Multiplexer
  smux            199/udp
  at-rtmp         201/tcp                         # AppleTalk routing
  at-rtmp         201/udp
  at-nbp          202/tcp                         # AppleTalk name binding
  at-nbp          202/udp
  at-echo         204/tcp                         # AppleTalk echo
  at-echo         204/udp
  at-zis          206/tcp                         # AppleTalk zone informat
ion
  at-zis          206/udp
  z3950           210/tcp         wais            # NISO Z39.50 database
  z3950           210/udp         wais
  ipx             213/tcp                         # IPX
  ipx             213/udp
  imap3           220/tcp                         # Interactive Mail Access
  imap3           220/udp                         # Protocol v3
  ulistserv       372/tcp                         # UNIX Listserv
  ulistserv       372/udp
  #
  # UNIX specific services
  #
  exec            512/tcp
  biff            512/udp         comsat
  login           513/tcp
  who             513/udp         whod
  shell           514/tcp         cmd             # no passwords used
  syslog          514/udp
  printer         515/tcp         spooler         # line printer spooler
  talk            517/udp
  ntalk           518/udp
  route           520/udp         router routed   # RIP
  timed           525/udp         timeserver
  tempo           526/tcp         newdate
  courier         530/tcp         rpc
  conference      531/tcp         chat
  netnews         532/tcp         readnews
  netwall         533/udp                         # -for emergency broadcas
ts
  uucp            540/tcp         uucpd           # uucp daemon
  remotefs        556/tcp         rfs_server rfs  # Brunhoff remote filesys
tem
  klogin          543/tcp                         # Kerberized `rlogin' (v
5)
  kshell          544/tcp         krcmd           # Kerberized `rsh' (v5)
  kerberos-adm    749/tcp                         # Kerberos `kadmin' (v5)
  #
  webster         765/tcp                         # Network dictionary
  webster         765/udp
  #
  # From ``Assigned Numbers'':
  #
  #> The Registered Ports are not controlled by the IANA and on most system
s
  #> can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinar
y
  #> users.
  #
  #> Ports are used in the TCP [45,106] to name the ends of logical
  #> connections which carry long term conversations.  For the purpose of
  #> providing services to unknown callers, a service contact port is
  #> defined.  This list specifies the port used by the server process as i
ts
  #> contact port.  While the IANA can not control uses of these ports it
  #> does register or list uses of these ports as a convienence to the
  #> community.
  #
  ingreslock      1524/tcp
  ingreslock      1524/udp
  prospero-np     1525/tcp                # Prospero non-privileged
  prospero-np     1525/udp
  rfe             5002/tcp                # Radio Free Ethernet
  rfe             5002/udp                # Actually uses UDP only
  bbs             7000/tcp                # BBS service
  #
  #
  # Kerberos (Project Athena/MIT) services
  # Note that these are for Kerberos v4, and are unofficial.  Sites running
  # v4 should uncomment these and comment out the v5 entries above.
  #
  kerberos4       750/udp         kdc     # Kerberos (server) udp
  kerberos4       750/tcp         kdc     # Kerberos (server) tcp
  kerberos_master 751/udp                 # Kerberos authentication
  kerberos_master 751/tcp                 # Kerberos authentication
  passwd_server   752/udp                 # Kerberos passwd server
  krb_prop        754/tcp                 # Kerberos slave propagation
  krbupdate       760/tcp         kreg    # Kerberos registration
  kpasswd         761/tcp         kpwd    # Kerberos "passwd"
  kpop            1109/tcp                # Pop with Kerberos
  knetd           2053/tcp                # Kerberos de-multiplexor
  zephyr-srv      2102/udp                # Zephyr server
  zephyr-clt      2103/udp                # Zephyr serv-hm connection
  zephyr-hm       2104/udp                # Zephyr hostmanager
  eklogin         2105/tcp                # Kerberos encrypted rlogin
  #
  # Unofficial but necessary (for NetBSD) services
  #
  supfilesrv      871/tcp                 # SUP server
  supfiledbg      1127/tcp                # SUP debugging
  #
  # Datagram Delivery Protocol services
  #
  rtmp            1/ddp                   # Routing Table Maintenance Proto
col
  nbp             2/ddp                   # Name Binding Protocol
  echo            4/ddp                   # AppleTalk Echo Protocol
  zip             6/ddp                   # Zone Information Protocol
  #
  # Debian GNU/Linux services
  rmtcfg          1236/tcp                # Gracilis Packeten remote config 
server
  xtel            1313/tcp                # french minitel
  cfinger         2003/tcp                # GNU Finger
  postgres        4321/tcp                # POSTGRES
  mandelspawn     9359/udp        mandelbrot      # network mandelbrot
# Local services

/etc/inetd.conf

/etc/inetd.conf ÆÄÀÏÀº inetd ¼­¹öÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» À§ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº Ư Á¤ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢¼Ó¿äûÀÌ µé¾î¿ÔÀ»¶§ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇؾßÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ inetd¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⸦ ¿øÇÏ´Â °¢ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ inetd¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¼­¹öµ¥¸ó Àº ¾î¶»°Ô ½ÇÇàÇÒ°Í ÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. °¢ ¶óÀÎÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ°íÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»ÁÖ´Â Åؽº Æ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. '#' µÚÀÇ ÅؽºÆ®´Â ¹«½ÃµÇ¸ç ÁÖ¼®À¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. °¢ ¶óÀÎÀº °ø¹é À¸·Î(tab ¶Ç´Â space)·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ´Â 7°³ÀÇ Çʵ带 °®´Â´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Æ÷¸ËÀº ´ÙÀ½ °ú °°´Ù.

 service  socket_type   proto  flags   user  server_path  server_args 
 
service

/etc/services ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ¼³Á¤°ú °ü°èµÈ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù.

socket_type

ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ÇØ´ç ¿£Æ®¸®´Ù °ü°èµÈ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇÒ ¼ÒÄÏÀÇ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ °ªÀº stream, dgram, raw, rdw ¶Ç´Â seqpacketÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬ È÷ ¾à°£ ±â¼úÀûÀε¥, ù°°¡´Â ±ÔÄ¢À¸·Î °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç tcp ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º´Â streamÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç udp ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º´Â dgramÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Ưº°ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¼­¹öÀ϶§ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

proto

ÀÌ ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡ À¯È¿ÇÏ´Ù°í °£ÁֵǴ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /etc/services ÆÄÀÏ ÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¿£Æ®¸®¿Í ¸ÅÄ¡µÇ¾ß Çϸç ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î tcp ¶Ç´Â udp ÁßÀÇ Çϳª ÀÌ´Ù.Sun RPC(Remote Procedure Call)±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼­¹ö´Â rpc/tcp ¶Ç´Â rpc/udp¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

flags

ÀÌ Çʵ带 À§ÇÑ ¼¼Æÿ¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö °ª¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÑµÚ ¼Ò ÄÏÀ» ³õ¾ÆÁÖ¾î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Ä¿³Ø¼Ç ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ »õ·Î¿î°ÍÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô Çϴ³Ä, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½ ÅͳؼÇÀ» ´Ù·ç°Ô ÇÒ°ÍÀ̳ÄÇÏ´Â µÎ°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀº ¾à°£ ¾Ö¸ÅÇÏÁö ¸¸, tcp ¼­¹ö´Â ÀÌ ¿£Æ®¸®¸¦ nowaitÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í udp ¼­¹ö´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» waitÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤Çϴ°ÍÀÌ Ã¹Â°°¡´Â ·êÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ÁÖÀÇÇÏ °í ±×·¯¹Ç·Î È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì ¿¹Á¦ °¡À̵带 Âü°íÇ϶ó.

user

³×Æ®¿öÅ© µ¥¸óÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ /etc/passwdÀÇ ¾î´À °èÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÌ µ¥¸óÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ °¡ µÉ°ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ±â¼úÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸¾È¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸¾ÈÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¿øÇÒ¶§ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿£Æ®¸®ÀÇ À¯Àú¸¦ nobody·Î ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­¹öÀÇ º¸¾È ÀÌ ±úÁ³À»¶§ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î root·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ´Âµ¥ ¸¹Àº ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀûÀýÈ÷ µ¿ÀÛÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ rootÀÇ ±ÇÇÑÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

server_path

ÀÌ ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ½ÇÁ¦ ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ °æ·ÎÀÌ´Ù.

server_args

ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ºÎºÐÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸ç ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ¼­¹ö µ¥¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÉ¶§ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ°í½ÍÀº Ä¿¸Çµå ¶óÀÎ º¯¼ö¸¦ ³Ö¾îÁÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù.

/etc/inetd.confÀÇ ¿¹Á¦.

/etc/services ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ °üÇؼ­ ó·³ ¸ðµç Çö´ëÀÇ ¹èÆ÷º»Àº ÈǸ¢ÇÑ /etc/inetd.co nf ÆÄÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ µ¥ºñ¾È ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ /etc/ inetd.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿¹Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

# /etc/inetd.conf:  see inetd(8) for further informations.
  #
  # Internet server configuration database
  #
  #
  # Modified for Debian by Peter Tobias <<url url="mailto:tobias@et-inf.fho-emden.de" name="tobias@et-inf.fho-emden.de">>
  #
  # <service_name> <sock_type> <proto> <flags> <user> <server_path> <args>
  #
  # Internal services
  #
  #echo           stream  tcp     nowait  root    internal
  #echo           dgram   udp     wait    root    internal
  discard         stream  tcp     nowait  root    internal
  discard         dgram   udp     wait    root    internal
  daytime         stream  tcp     nowait  root    internal
  daytime         dgram   udp     wait    root    internal
  #chargen        stream  tcp     nowait  root    internal
  #chargen        dgram   udp     wait    root    internal
  time            stream  tcp     nowait  root    internal
  time            dgram   udp     wait    root    internal
  #
  # These are standard services.
  #
  telnet  stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.teln
etd
  ftp     stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.ftpd
  #fsp    dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.fspd
  #
  # Shell, login, exec and talk are BSD protocols.
  #
  shell   stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.rshd
  login   stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.rlog
ind
  #exec   stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.rexe
cd
  talk    dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.talk
d
  ntalk   dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.ntal
kd
  #
  # Mail, news and uucp services.
  #
  smtp    stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.smtp
d
  #nntp   stream  tcp     nowait  news    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.nntp
d
  #uucp   stream  tcp     nowait  uucp    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/lib/uucp/uuc
ico
  #comsat dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.coms
at
  #
  # Pop et al
  #
  #pop-2  stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.pop2
d
  #pop-3  stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.pop3
d
  #
  # `cfinger' is for the GNU finger server available for Debian.  (NOTE: Th
e
  # current implementation of the `finger' daemon allows it to be run as `r
oot'.)
  #
  #cfinger stream tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.cfin
gerd
  #finger stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.fing
erd
  #netstat        stream  tcp     nowait  nobody  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /bin/nets
tat
  #systat stream  tcp     nowait  nobody  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /bin/ps -auwwx
  #
  # Tftp service is provided primarily for booting.  Most sites
  # run this only on machines acting as "boot servers."
  #
  #tftp   dgram   udp     wait    nobody  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.tftp
d
  #tftp   dgram   udp     wait    nobody  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin/in.tftp
d /boot
  #bootps dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/bootpd        bootpd -i 
-t 120
  #
  # Kerberos authenticated services (these probably need to be corrected)
  #
  #klogin         stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/in.rlogind -k
  #eklogin        stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/in.rlogind -k -x
  #kshell         stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/in.rshd -k
  #
  # Services run ONLY on the Kerberos server (these probably need to be cor
rected)
  #
  #krbupdate      stream tcp      nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/registerd
  #kpasswd        stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/kpasswdd
  #
  # RPC based services
  #
  #mountd/1       dgram   rpc/udp wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/rpc.mountd
  #rstatd/1-3     dgram   rpc/udp wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/rpc.rstatd
  #rusersd/2-3    dgram   rpc/udp wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/rpc.rusersd
  #walld/1        dgram   rpc/udp wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/sbin
/rpc.rwalld
  #
  # End of inetd.conf.
  ident           stream  tcp     nowait  nobody  /usr/sbin/identd        i
dentd -i

5.9 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ °ü°èµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀϵé.

/etc/protocol ÆÄÀÏÀº ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ³×ÀÓÀ» ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¾ÆÀ̵ð·Î ¸ÊÇÎÇØÁÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£ À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó°¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ³»¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ³×ÀÓÀ¸·Î ¸í½ÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ¸ç tcpdump °°Àº ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂÀ» ³Ñ¹ö´ë½Å À̸§À¸·Î Çϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½ÅÅýº´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

     protocolname number aliases
 
µ¥ºñ¾È ¹èÆ÷º»°ú ÇÔ²² Á¦°øµÇ´Â /etc/protocols ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
# /etc/protocols:
  # $Id: protocols,v 1.1 1995/02/24 01:09:41 imurdock Exp $
  #
  # Internet (IP) protocols
  #
  #       from: @(#)protocols     5.1 (Berkeley) 4/17/89
  #
  # Updated for NetBSD based on RFC 1340, Assigned Numbers (July 1992).
ip      0       IP              # internet protocol, pseudo protocol numb
er
  icmp    1       ICMP            # internet control message protocol
  igmp    2       IGMP            # Internet Group Management
  ggp     3       GGP             # gateway-gateway protocol
  ipencap 4       IP-ENCAP        # IP encapsulated in IP (officially ``IP
'')
  st      5       ST              # ST datagram mode
  tcp     6       TCP             # transmission control protocol
  egp     8       EGP             # exterior gateway protocol
  pup     12      PUP             # PARC universal packet protocol
  udp     17      UDP             # user datagram protocol
  hmp     20      HMP             # host monitoring protocol
  xns-idp 22      XNS-IDP         # Xerox NS IDP
  rdp     27      RDP             # "reliable datagram" protocol
  iso-tp4 29      ISO-TP4         # ISO Transport Protocol class 4
  xtp     36      XTP             # Xpress Tranfer Protocol
  ddp     37      DDP             # Datagram Delivery Protocol
  idpr-cmtp       39      IDPR-CMTP       # IDPR Control Message Transport
  rspf    73      RSPF            # Radio Shortest Path First.
  vmtp    81      VMTP            # Versatile Message Transport
  ospf    89      OSPFIGP         # Open Shortest Path First IGP
  ipip    94      IPIP            # Yet Another IP encapsulation
  encap   98      ENCAP           # Yet Another IP encapsulation

/etc/networks

/etc/networks ÆÄÀÏÀº /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏ°ú À¯»çÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ³×ÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ¶óÀÎ´ç ¿ÀÁ÷ µÎ°³ÀÇ Çʵ带 °®´Â´Ù´Â Á¡¸¸ÀÌ ´Ù¸£¸ç ÀÌ Çʵå´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÄÚµùµÈ´Ù.

     # networkname networkaddress
 
¿¹Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
     loopnet     127.0.0.0
        localnet    192.168.0.0
        amprnet     44.0.0.0
 
route¿Í °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé, ¸ñÀûÁö°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÏ°í ±× ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ /etc/net worksÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§ route ¸í·ÉÀº ¾îµå·¹½º ´ë½Å¿¡ ³×ÀÓÀ» µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌ ÇØ ÁÙ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

5.10 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© º¸¾È°ú ¾ï¼¼½º ÄÜÆ®·Ñ.

¾ÇÀÇÀûÀÎ °ø°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó½Å°ú ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÁöÅ°´Â°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ ±â¼ú À̶ó´Â°ÍÀ» °æ°íÇϸç ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀÌ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Àü¹®°¡ ¶ó°í´Â »ý°¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¶Ç ³»°¡ ±â¼úÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶ó µµ º¸¾È¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½É°¢ÇÏ´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐ ½º½º·Î°¡ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇØ º¼°ÍÀ» Ãß ÃµÇÑ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¹®¼­°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

°¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ·êÀº '»ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼­¹ö´Â ¿î¿µÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó!' ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ°í ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ¼Ò·¹º§ÀÇ ¾È Àü¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í½Í´Ù¸é /etc/inetd.conf¸¦ Àß »ìÆ캸°í »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ÁÖ¼®Ã³¸®Çضó. ÁÁÀº È帰¨(?)µéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º µéÀÌ´Ù.

shell, login, exec, uucp, ftp ±×¸®°í finger, netstat, systat µûÀ§ÀÇ Á¤º¸ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù.

±×°÷¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ º¸¾È°ú ¾ï¼¼½º ÄÜÆ®·Ñ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³ª´Â ±×µé ´ëºÎ ºÐÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

/etc/ftpusers

/etc/ftpusers ÆÄÀÏÀº ƯÁ¤ À¯Àú°¡ ftp¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¸Ó½ÅÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾ÆÁÖ ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀÌ´Ù. /etc/ftpusers ´Â µé¾î¿À´Â ftp Ä¿³Ø¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¶§ ftp µ¥¸ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ·Î±×ÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÇ °£~Tg~PA ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀÏ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

     # /etc/ftpusers - ftp ·Î±×ÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ë¾ÈµÇ´Â À¯Àúµé.
        root
        uucp
        bin
        mail

/etc/securetty

/etc/securetty´Â root ÀÇ ·Î±×ÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â tty µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ ´Ù. /etc/securetty ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº login ÇÁ·Î±×·¥(ÈçÈ÷ /bin/login)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇô Áø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº rootÀÇ ·Î±×ÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â tty µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. (ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ tty¿¡¼­´Â root login ºÒ°¡)

     #/etc/securetty - tty's on which root is allowed to login
        tty1
        tty2
        tty3
        tty4
 

tcpd È£½ºÆ® ¾ï¼¼½º ÄÜÆ®·Ñ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò.

/etc/inetd.conf¿¡ ¸®½ºÆ® µÈ°ÍÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ» tcpd ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº º¸È£Çϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÈ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ·Î±×Àΰú ¾ï¼¼½º ÄÜÆ®·Ñ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ inetd ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È£ÃâµÇ¾úÀ»¶§, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ï¼¼½º¸¦°ú ÀûÀýÈ÷ º¸È£ÇÏ °í ÀÖ´Â ¼­¹ö¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÒÁö ¾Æ´ÒÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àд´Ù.

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ù¹ø° ¸ÅÄ¡(match)°¡ ¹ß°ßµÉ¶§ ±îÁö ·ê ÆÄÀÏÀ» ãÀ»°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÅÄ¡°¡ ¹ß °ß µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ï¼¼½º°¡ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª °¡´ÉÇÑ°ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Ã£´Â ÆÄÀÏ Àº ¼ø¼­´ë·Î /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Â÷·Ê·Î ¾ð±Þ ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ Âü°í¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ Âü°íÇؾßÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (hosts_access(5)´Â ÁÁÀº Ãâ¹ßÁ¡ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.).

/etc/hosts.allow

/etc/hosts.allow ÆÄÀÏÀº /usr/sbin/tcpd ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. hosts.allo w ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î¶² È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸Ó½Å»óÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ Çã¿ëµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ´Â ·êÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Æ÷¸ËÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù.

# /etc/hosts.allow # #<service list>: <host list> [: commnad]

service list

ÀÌ ·êÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ¼­¹ö³×ÀÓÀÇ °áÁ¤µÈ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¼­¹ö³×ÀÓÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù: ftpd, telnetd, fingerd

host list

È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀÇ °áÁ¤µÈ ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ±×·ìÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï È£½ºÆ®³ª IP ¾îµå·¹½º¿¡ ¿ÍÀϵå Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸í½ÃÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ: gw.vk2ktj.ampr.o rg´Â ¸í½ÃµÈ È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓ°ú ¸ÅÄ¡µÇ°í, .uts.edu.au ´Â ÀÌ ½ºÆ®¸µÀ¸·Î ³¡³ª´Â ¾î¶² È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ°úµµ ¸ÅÄ¡µÉ°ÍÀ̸ç, 44. Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç IP¿Í ¸ÅÄ¡µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼³Á¤Àº °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¸î°¡Áö Ưº°ÇÑ Ç¥½Ã °¡ Àִµ¥, À̵éÁß ¸î°¡Áö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù: ALLÀº ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿Í ¸ÅÄ¡µÇ ¸ç, LOCALÀº '.'À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿Í ¸ÅÄ¡µÈ´Ù. PARANOID´Â IP ¾îµå·¹½º¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ°ú ¸ÅÄ¡µÈ´Ù(name spoofi ng). ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î À¯¿ëÇÑ ÅäÅ«ÀÌ Çϳª ´õ ÀÖ´Ù. EXCEPT´Â ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ °®´Â ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

command

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿É¼Ç ÆĶó¸ÞÅÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ ·êÀÌ Àû¿ëµÉ¶§¸¶´Ù ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ¸í·É ÀÇ Ç® Æнº³×ÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹·Î½á È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´©°¡ ·Î±×ÀÎÇߴ°¡¸¦ ±¸ º°ÇÏ´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, ¶Ç´Â ´©±º°¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù°í ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»°Å³ª °æ°í¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³¾¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î°¡Áö Æ÷ÇÔ µÉ¼öÀÖ´Â È®Àå¸í·ÉÀÌ Àִµ¥, ¸î°¡Áö ÈçÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ º¸¸é: %h´Â Ä¿³ØÆà ȣ½º Æ®ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¶Ç´Â ³×ÀÓÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ Ȯ¡Çϸç, %d´Â È£ÃâµÇ ´Â µ¥¸óÀÇ ³×ÀÓÀ» È®ÀåÇÑ´Ù.

¿¹:
#/etc/hosts.allow
 #
 # Allow mail to anyone
 in.smtpd: ALL
 # All telnet and ftp to only hosts within my domain and my host at home.
 telnetd, ftpd: LOCAL, myhost.athome.org.au
 # Allow finger anyone but keep a record of who they are.
 fingerd: ALL: (finger @%h | mail -s "finger from %h" root)

/etc/hosts.deny

/etc/hosts.deny ÆÄÀÏÀº /usr/sbin/tcpd ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. hosts.deny ÆÄÀÏÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸Ó½Å»óÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ¾ï¼¼½º°¡ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ·êÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °£´ÜÇÑ »ùÇÃÀ» º¼¼öÀÖ´Ù.

     # /etc/hosts.deny
        # Disallow all hosts with suspect hostnames
        ALL: PARANOID
        #
        # Disallow all hosts.
        ALL: ALL
 
ÀÌ°æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®°¡ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸·À¸¹Ç·Î PARANOID ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ÇϳªÀÇ ¿£Æ®¸®°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ µðÆúÆ®°¡ µÉ°ÍÀÌ ´Ù.

/etc/hosts.deny¿¡ ALL: ALL µðÆúÆ®¸¦ °®°í /etc/hosts.allow¿¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½º ¿Í È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸í½ÃÇϴ°ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

/etc/hosts.equiv

hosts.equiv ÆÄÀÏÀº ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®¿Í ƯÁ¤ À¯Àú¿¡°Ô Æнº¿öµå¾øÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸Ó½Å»ó ÀÇ °èÁ¤¿¡ ¾ï¼¼½º ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµç ¸Ó½ÅÀ» Á¦ ¾îÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼­´Â ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®Çϳª, ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì º¸¾È»óÀÇ Çê Á¡ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ È£½ºÆ®´Â °¡Àå Àû°Ô ½ÅÀӹ޴ ȣ½ºÆ®¸¸Å­¸¸ ¾ÈÀüÇÒ»ÓÀÌ´Ù. º¸¾ÈÀ» ÃÖ´ëÈ­Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°í »ç¿ëÀڵ鵵 .rhosts ÆÄÀÏ À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁÖ¾î¶ó.

ftp µ¥¸óÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼³Á¤.

¸¹Àº »çÀÌÆ®µéÀÌ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ƯÁ¤ ¾ÆÀ̵𸦠¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷ ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇÒ¼öÀÖµµ·Ï À͸í ftp¸¦ ¿î¿µÇϴµ¥ °ü½ÉÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ ±â·Î °áÁ¤Çß´Ù¸é anonymous ¾ï¼¼½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» ÇØÁÖ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ ¿©¶ó. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ fptd(8) ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ÀÌ°Í¿¡ °üÇØ Àû´çÈ÷ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ Àº Ç×»ó ÀÌ ÁÖÀǸ¦ µû¸£°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÆÁÀº anonymous °èÁ¤ÀÇ /etc µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ /etc/passwdÀÇ º¹»çº»À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °èÁ¤À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â ¸ðµÎ ¾ø¾Ö¹ö¸®µµ·Ï Çضó. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÆÐ ½º¿öµå Å©·¢Å·°ø°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº ¾àÁ¡À» Áö´Ï°Ô µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÆÄÀ̾î¿ù¸µ.

µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¼­¹ö³ª ¸Ó½Å¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô Çϴ°ÍÀº ¶Ù¾î³­ º¸¾È¼ö ´ÜÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°Í¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº firewall-howto¿¡¼­ ´Ù·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ Á¦¾Èµé.

¿©±â¿¡ ´Ù¸¥, ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼¼½ÉÈ÷ °í·ÁÇغÁ¾ß ÇÒ Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

sendmail

±×°ÍÀÇ ´ëÁß¼º¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¼¾µå¸ÞÀÏ µ¥¸óÀº º¸¾È °æ°í °ø°í¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó ´çÈ÷ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ´Þ·ÈÁö¸¸, ³ª¶ó¸é ¼¾µå¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.

NFS ¿Í ±×¿Ü Sun RPC ¼­ºñ½º.

ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °æ°èÇ϶ó. ÀÌ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ exploitÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. NFS °°Àº ¼­ºñ½º ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ´©±¸¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÅÁßÇ϶ó.


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